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The objective is to compare the characteristics of individuals involved in homicides with (OBH) and without overkill and brutal features (NBH) assessed by the Council of Forensic Medicine. In the OBH group, female victims and child and adolescent victims were significantly higher. Significantly elevated usage of piercing and cutting instruments was noted in the OBH group. Homicides with overkilling and brutal features – representing the ultimate manifestation of violent homicide cases – exhibiting distinctive features that contrast with typical characteristics of general homicides. These acts are frequently motivated by jealousy and hostility, transcending the mere act of killing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic examinations can assist in crimes such as stabbings and shootings. The investigation of ballistic and edged weapon penetration events often requires a substrate to replicate the effects of human tissue and skin. Textile damage examinations can test weapons to determine whether they could have caused evidential damage such as stab and slash cuts. Currently when weapons such as knives and screw drivers are tested in the forensic laboratory, pork belly is used as the skin simulant. A synthetic skin simulant was developed for use in casework to address the concerns of the PCAST report regarding method accuracy. A layered silicone foam simulant was developed, and factors affecting the preparation and use of the simulant will be reported. Use of the foam silicone simulant achieved higher accuracy above the use of traditionally used pork belly for testing stabbing actions, and it is recommended for use in forensic testing laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the semialgebraic range searching problem, we are given a set of n points in ℝd, and we want to preprocess the points such that for any query range belonging to a family of constant complexity semialgebraic sets (Tarski cells), all the points intersecting the range can be reported or counted efficiently. When the ranges are composed of simplices, the problem is well-understood: It can be solved using S(n) space and with Q(n) query time with S(n)Q(n)d=Õ(nd), where the Õ(⋅) notation hides polylogarithmic factors and this trade-off is tight (up to no(1) factors). In particular, there exist “low space” structures that use O(n) space with O(n1-1/d) query time [8, 25] and “fast query” structures that use O(nd) space with O(log n) query time [9]. However, for general semialgebraic ranges, only “low space” solutions are known, but the best solutions [7] match the same trade-off curve as simplex queries, with O(n) space and Õ(n1−1/d) query time. It has been conjectured that the same could be done for the “fast query” case, but this open problem has stayed unresolved. Here, we disprove this conjecture. We give the first nontrivial lower bounds for semialgebraic range searching and other related problems. More precisely, we show that any data structure for reporting the points between two concentric circles, a problem that we call 2D annulus reporting, with Q(n) query time must use S(n)=...(n³/Q(n)5) space, where the ...(⋅) notation hides no(1) factors, meaning, for Q(n)=logO(1)n, ...(n³) space must be used. In addition, we study the problem of reporting the subset of input points in a polynomial slab defined by {(x,y)∈R²:P(x)≤y≤P(x)+w}, where P(x)=∑i=0Δaixi is a univariate polynomial of degree Δ and a0,…,aΔ,w are given at the query time, a problem that we call polynomial slab reporting. For this, we show a space lower bound of ...(nΔ+1/Q(n)(Δ+3)Δ/2), which implies that for Q(n)=logO(1)n, we must use ...(nΔ+1) space. We also consider the dual semialgebraic stabbing problems of semialgebraic range searching and present lower bounds for them. In particular, we show that in linear space, any data structure that solves 2D annulus stabbing problems must use ...(n2/3) query time. Note that this almost matches the upper bound obtained by lifting 2D annuli to 3D. Like semialgebraic range searching, we also present lower bounds for general polynomial slab stabbing problems. Again, our lower bounds are almost tight for linear size data structures in this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study rectangle stabbing problems in which we are given n axis-aligned rectangles in the plane that we want to stab, that is, we want to select line segments such that for each given rectangle there is a line segment that intersects two opposite edges of it. In the horizontal rectangle stabbing problem (Stabbing), the goal is to find a set of horizontal line segments of minimum total length such that all rectangles are stabbed. In the horizontal–vertical stabbing problem (HV-Stabbing), the goal is to find a set of rectilinear (that is, either vertical or horizontal) line segments of minimum total length such that all rectangles are stabbed. Both variants are NP-hard. Chan et al. (ISAAC, 2018) initiated the study of these problems by providing constant approximation algorithms. Recently, Eisenbrand et al. (A QPTAS for stabbing rectangles, 2021) have presented a QPTAS and a polynomial-time 8-approximation algorithm for Stabbing, but it was open whether the problem admits a PTAS. In this paper, we obtain a PTAS for Stabbing, settling this question. For HV-Stabbing, we obtain a (2 + ε) -approximation. We also obtain PTASs for special cases of HV-Stabbing: (i) when all rectangles are squares, (ii) when each rectangle's width is at most its height, and (iii) when all rectangles are δ -large, that is, have at least one edge whose length is at least δ , while all edge lengths are at most 1. Our result also implies improved approximations for other problems such as generalized minimum Manhattan network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Full-scale drilling for shale gas has been deepening, and the horizontal definitions have been increasing for drilling efficiency. Pressures and bending stresses are generated in the joints of gas-cored pipes, which seriously affect their durability. Premium casing connections are primarily forced at the interfaces of two parts, so the design of the threads is crucial, and the choice of optimal parameters is precisely related to their resistance to stresses. This article proposes a novel premium connection design, and its performance is validated through simulations to demonstrate good noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) and durability performance. A parametric study is especially performed with the change of lower corner radius to observe maximum stress changes of the system and it is advised that a parameter be optimized. This study demonstrates that it is possible to design a premium connection capable of reducing the stress concentrated on the stab flank contact portion when drilling deep gas wells in response to parameter changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kovaleva and Spieksma (SIAM J Discrete Math 20(3):48–768, 2006) considered the problem of stabbing a given set of horizontal line segments with the smallest number of horizontal and vertical lines. The standard LP relaxation for this problem is easily shown to have an integrality gap of at most 2 by treating the horizontal and vertical lines separately. However, Kovaleva and Spieksma observed that threshold rounding can be used to obtain an integrality gap of e / (e - 1) ≈ 1.58 which is also shown to be tight. This is one of the rare known examples where the obvious upper bound of 2 on the integrality gap of the standard LP relaxation can be improved. Our goal in this paper is to extend their proof to two other problems where the goal is to stab a set R of objects with horizontal and vertical lines: in the first problem R is a set of horizontal and vertical line segments, and in the second problem R is a set of unit sized squares. The proof of Kovaleva and Spieksma essentially shows the existence of an appropriate threshold which yields the improved approximation factor. We begin by showing that a random threshold picked from an appropriate distribution works. This reduces the problem to finding an appropriate distribution for a desired approximation ratio. In the first problem, we show that the required distribution can be found by solving a linear program. In the second problem, while it seems harder to find the optimal distribution, we show that using the uniform distribution an improved approximation factor can still be obtained by solving a number of linear programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents research on several factors influencing the stabbing behaviour of stratified panels made of aramid fabric Twaron® SRM509 Teijin Aramid BV (Arnhem, The Netherlands). The inputs in the test campaign were the number of layers, the impact energy, and the sample size. Tests were performed on small samples (130 mm × 130 mm) on an Instron® CEAST 9350 drop-tower impact system (Norwood, MA, USA) and on larger samples (400 mm × 400 mm) using a test installation with the same values of the impact energy. Knife type S1 was used, with the geometry recommended in NIJ Standard 0115.00 Stab Resistance of Body Armor SEM, and macro photography investigations revealed the failure mechanisms of panel, layers and fibres. A very important conclusion of this study regarding the stabbing performance of fabric Twaron® SRM 509 in particular, but also in general for panels for body protection is that a research study could start on small size samples, with an accurately instrumented machine, in order to establish the influence of significant factors of stab resistance (energy level, number of layers in a panel, etc.), as these samples are less expensive and less time consuming, but the study should be continued to examine larger size samples. The obtained data are useful for the prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify an antemortem neck stab wound on a highly decomposed, headless and mutilated body by conventional hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining combined with Ponceau-Victoria blue B staining (P-VB staining) and Masson staining. Specifically, a tissue sample was excised from the skin and muscle tissue at the junction of the normal and brownish discolored areas around the suspected stabbing tract of the left neck, in the upper and lower wound-clavicle-shoulder region. Conventional HE staining only provides a morphological and structural outline of the tissue, with both the injury hemorrhage and local connective tissue appearing eosinophilic pink. However, P-VB staining shows obvious contrast between the injury hemorrhage and connective tissue, with the former appearing yellow-green and the latter appearing orange-red. Similarly, Masson staining of the injury hemorrhage and connective tissue contrast clearly with purple-red and dark blue, respectively. Therefore, our study highlights that conventional HE staining with the combination of P-VB staining and Masson staining allowed for a clearer and corroborated identification of antemortem injury and hemorrhage from the stab wound in highly decomposed mutilated corpses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Stab-resistant body armor (SRBA) is used to protect the body from sharp knives. However, most SRBA materials currently have the disadvantages of large weight and thickness. This paper aims to prepare lightweight and high-performance SRBA by 3D printing truss structure and resin-filling method. Design/methodology/approach: The stab resistance truss structure was prepared by the fused deposition modeling method, and the composite structure was formed after filling with resin for dynamic and quasi-static stab tests. The optimized structural plate can meet the standard GA68-2019. Digital image correlation technology was used to analyze the local strain changes during puncture. The puncture failure mode was summarized by the final failure morphologies. The explicit dynamics module in ANSYS Workbench was used to analyze the design of the overlapped structure stab resistance process in this paper. Findings: The stab resistance performance of the 3D-printed structural plate is affected by the internal filling pattern. The stab resistance performance of 3D-printed structural parts was significantly improved after resin filling. The 50%-diamond-PLA-epoxy, with a thickness of only 5 mm was able to meet the stab resistance standard. Resins are used to increase the strength and hardness of the material but also to increase crack propagation and reduce the toughness of the material. The overlapping semicircular structure was inspired by the exoskeleton structure of the demon iron beetle, which improved the stab resistance between gaps. The truss structure can effectively disperse stress for toughening. The filled resin was reinforced by absorbing impact energy. Originality/value: The 3D-printed resin-filled truss structure can be used to prepare high-performance stab resistance structural plates, which balance the toughness and strength of the overall structure and ultimately reduce the thickness and weight of the SRBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effectiveness of published stab wound analysis was examined. • Qualitative and quantitative techniques to assess kerf mark properties were considered. • A standardised decision-making approach to kerf mark profile acquisition was developed. Stab wound analysis is a relatively new field of study in forensic science, and there is currently much debate regarding the effectiveness of the analysis due to a lack of validation studies. Furthermore, the underlying viewpoints on the success of stab wound analysis vary. Examination of cut marks, for example, can reveal a variety of characteristics which can be used to determine the type of weapon that was used to inflict them. However, published studies are not consistent when identifying knife blade characteristics, instead considering a wide variety of morphological aspects and their potential value in forensic scenarios. The existing research methodology is therefore inadequate to reliably inform in such contexts, and future experimental design should be influenced by the conditional variance in stabbings in order to provide reliable findings. The research presented here takes a systematic approach to the problem, compiling the published literature (up to September 2023) on the use of different imaging methods applied to stab wound examination to create a taxonomy to examine trends in methodological approaches in both research and investigative settings. This approach identified that published studies could be classified as either morphological or morphometrical, and further sub-classified based on their degree of success and the findings reached. This emphasises the importance of prioritising research into mark data, and the need for a multi-technique, multi-disciplinary approach. A decision tree was created to illustrate which mark attributes should be studied for which purpose, and using which imaging method(s). Furthermore, the research presented identifies two key areas in stab wound research which should be the focus of standardisation efforts, namely methodological procedures and mark characteristic collection. Knife markings are difficult to interpret, but further research and standardisation of kerf mark analysis, as highlighted here, will improve the efficiency and reliability of both forensic investigations and future experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stabbing Planes (also known as Branch and Cut) is a proof system introduced very recently which, informally speaking, extends the DPLL method by branching on integer linear inequalities instead of single variables. The techniques known so far to prove size and depth lower bounds for Stabbing Planes are generalizations of those used for the Cutting Planes proof system. For size lower bounds these are established by monotone circuit arguments, while for depth these are found via communication complexity and protection. As such these bounds apply for lifted versions of combinatorial statements. Rank lower bounds for Cutting Planes are also obtained by geometric arguments called protection lemmas. In this work we introduce two new geometric approaches to prove size/depth lower bounds in Stabbing Planes working for any formula: (1) the antichain method, relying on Sperner's Theorem and (2) the covering method which uses results on essential coverings of the boolean cube by linear polynomials, which in turn relies on Alon's combinatorial Nullenstellensatz. We demonstrate their use on classes of combinatorial principles such as the Pigeonhole principle, the Tseitin contradictions and the Linear Ordering Principle. By the first method we prove almost linear size lower bounds and optimal logarithmic depth lower bounds for the Pigeonhole principle and analogous lower bounds for the Tseitin contradictions over the complete graph and for the Linear Ordering Principle. By the covering method we obtain a superlinear size lower bound and a logarithmic depth lower bound for Stabbing Planes proof of Tseitin contradictions over a grid graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their seminal work, Danzer (Stud. Sci. Math. Hungar. 21(1–2), 111–134 (1986)) and Stachó (Mat. Lapok 32(1–3), 19–47 (1981–84)) established that every set D of pairwise intersecting disks in the plane can be stabbed by four points. Recently, Har-Peled et al. (Discrete Math. 344(7), # 112403 (2021)) presented a relatively simple linear-time algorithm for finding five points that stab D. We present an alternative (somewhat less involved) proof to the assertion that four points are sufficient to stab D. Moreover, our proof is constructive and provides a simple linear-time algorithm for finding the stabbing points. As a warmup, we present a nearly-trivial linear-time algorithm with an elementary proof for finding five points that stab D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses two separate cases involving the joint enterprise doctrine in criminal law. In the first case, 10 appellants were convicted of murder in relation to a stabbing death. The appeals against conviction were ultimately dismissed, and the court emphasized the importance of a fair and balanced summing up in a trial. In the second case, the defendants were charged with murder based on their alleged encouragement or assistance in a stabbing. The Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal, stating that there was sufficient evidence to support the convictions. However, the article criticizes the lack of explanation regarding the evidence and argues for a proper statement of the evidence to address concerns about the case and the joint enterprise doctrine. [Extracted from the article]

At present, the challenging issue of the compatibility between stab resistance and flexibility of materials frequently appears. Thus, this study proposes a novel method to enhance the comprehensive performance of the material matrix with stab resistance. Based on the stab-resistant mechanism analysis of the textile matrix, the influence of four factors on the performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) knitted fabric was discussed. And, the optimal process conditions of material for achieving high stab resistance and high flexibility were obtained by the response surface method. A series of experiments proved that among all factors, the fabric structure had the greatest influence on the flexible stab-resistant knitted material. Following that, the thickness of the yarn also plays a significant role. Under the optimal process conditions, the stab peak force of the knitted material was promoted to 52.450 N, and the flexibility was enhanced to 93.6%. Meanwhile, through comparison with products that have undergone the same treatment, there was little difference in stab resistance but significantly improved flexibility. It achieves the initial stab resistance and comfortable wearing softness of the fabric through process optimization. This improvement in overall performance of the textile matrix enables further enhancement treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic insemination refers to mating in which males pierce the female's integument with his penis for insemination. Strepsiptera are often listed as an example for this mode of copulation. However, while traumatic insemination in Mengenillidae with free-living females is undisputed, its occurrence in Stylopidia with permanent endoparasitic females – 97% of the known species of Strepsiptera – has remained unclear. Rather, observations from a single study on Xenos vesparum (Xenidae) that questioned traumatic insemination in this species became generalized for Stylopidia. Here we show that integration of data from various imaging methods provides convincing evidence for traumatic insemination being phylogenetically widespread in Strepsiptera. Specifically, we provide the first evidence of injury wounds from traumatic insemination in species of Mengenillidae, Corioxenidae, Elenchidae, Halictophagidae and Xenidae. Using three-dimensional models of copulating pairs of Stylops ovinae (Stylopidae) and X. vesparum , we visualize the physical piercing of the female's integument by the male's penis. Finally, we show in species of Mengenillidae, Xenidae and Stylopidae that traumatic mating is associated with the injection of sperm in the female's haemocoel. Our results significantly alter the understanding of the reproductive biology of Strepsiptera and imply that traumatic insemination has been the ancestral mode of copulation and retained in most, if not all, extant families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to provide a scientific and statistical basis to identify the murder weapon in stabbing cases from the geometric characteristics of the stab-marks left on human ribs. For this purpose, a quantitative predictive model is developed, based on geometric measurements of the stab-mark and its location along the rib. A general method based on Bayesian inference and probabilities is used for the model development, rather than a deterministic model given its inability in certain occasions to identify the murder weapon. Following the process explained in this article to collect the stab-mark information required, the complete probabilistic model exposed attained a high accuracy in the identification of the murder weapon between two macroscopically identical blades with a microscopic alteration in one of them (more than 90% of correct identification is achieved). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating the applied power during a stabbing incident, or estimating the minimal force necessary to penetrate the body with a certain weapon is a challenging task in forensic practice. A thorough forensic evaluation of stabbing forces needs objective numerical experimental data. Stabbing tests of 12 different weapons – including knives, a pair of scissors, a fork, screwdrivers, a rasp, a corkscrew, and a utility knife blade – were performed with a Mecmesin MultiTest‐dV material tester on pork loin and ballistic gel to estimate the stabbing forces and dynamics. Penetration force (Fp) and maximal force (Fmax) were recorded, and the registered force curves were analyzed. Fmax was 159.8–212.07 Newton (N), 30.56–30.58 N, 168.9–185.48 N for various knives; 171.39–190.43 N for the pair of scissors, 233.6 N for the fork; 532.65–562.65 N, 370.31–367.19 N and 314.51–432.89 N for various screwdrivers, 44.14–56.62 N for utility knife during pork loin stabbing. The butter knife, corkscrew and rasp were not able to penetrate the pork loin, and the curved fork bent during stabbing. The results prove that weapon characteristics greatly influence the force necessary for penetration. Maximal stabbing force depends mostly on tip sharpness, and the force sharply decreases after penetration occurs, which indicates that edge sharpness is not as important as tip characteristics during stabbing perpendicular to skin surface. The penetration force during stabbing with a pair of scissors is comparable to the penetration force of knives. Stabbing with screwdrivers generally needs larger force than average knives but depends greatly on screwdriver size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internationally, interpersonal violence places huge burdens on the health, wellbeing and prosperity of society. In response to a notable increase in serious knife crime, in 2019, the UK Government awarded £35 million for the establishment of 18 Violence Reduction Units (VRUs) across England and Wales. There has been limited evaluation of community-level approaches for violence, with almost no published literature on the impact of VRUs. The article presents the approaches and experiences of two interdisciplinary teams of researchers from public health, psychology, criminology, and systems change, working as evaluators of four VRUs in England and Wales. The article describes the value of adopting a whole-system approach to evaluations, outlines good practice in evaluating VRUs, and elicits challenges to developing and embedding evaluation within complex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this work is the study of LS + -perfect graphs defined as those graphs G for which the stable set polytope STAB (G) is achieved in one iteration of Lovász–Schrijver PSD-operator LS + , applied to its edge relaxation ESTAB (G). The recently formulated LS + -Perfect Graph Conjecture aims at a characterization of this family of graphs, through the structure of the facet defining inequalities of the stable set polytope. The main contribution of this work is to verify it for the well-studied class of claw-free graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ingestion of foreign bodies is a common cause for presentation in the emergency department by pediatric, adult, or elderly psychiatric patients. Swallowed foreign bodies sometimes represent a great challenge for surgeons due to the obstruction or perforation of the digestive tube's upper or lower segments. Occasionally, the foreign bodies detected in the lower parts of the digestive tube (colon and rectum) could be introduced through the anal route with the risk of perforation of the rectum or sigmoid colon. In this report, we describe a unique case of a foreign body located in the sigmoid colon, where it arrived due to backstabbing and was retained for 7 years without acute symptoms. The 43-year-old male patient came to the emergency department with pain in the left iliac fossa. Before his presentation, a computerized tomography (CT) scan examination had suggested a foreign body. A surgical approach was decided. The surgery started as an exploratory laparoscopy and was converted to a xiphoid-pubic incision to extract the foreign body (a piece of glass about 8 cm long) through a sigmoid colotomy followed by a double-layer sigmoidorrhaphy. The postoperative evolution of the patient was uneventful. As far as we know, this is the first case of a patient with a foreign glass body positioned in the sigmoid colon that got there by stabbing and not by ingestion or introduced per anum. In conclusion, we suggest that aggressive behavior and abdominal wall penetration by different sharp objects should be considered when foreign bodies are detected in the abdomen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consider the problem of constructing weak ε -nets where the stabbing elements are lines or k-flats instead of points. We study this problem in the simplest setting where it is still interesting—namely, the uniform measure of volume over the hypercube [ 0 , 1 ] d . Specifically, a (k , ε) -net is a set of k-flats, such that any convex body in [ 0 , 1 ] d of volume larger than ε is stabbed by one of these k-flats. We show that for k ≥ 1 , one can construct (k , ε) -nets of size O (1 / ε 1 - k / d) . We also prove that any such net must have size at least Ω (1 / ε 1 - k / d) . As a concrete example, in three dimensions all ε -heavy bodies in [ 0 , 1 ] 3 can be stabbed by Θ (1 / ε 2 / 3) lines. Note that these bounds are sublinear in 1 / ε , and are thus somewhat surprising. The new construction also works for points providing a weak ε -net of size O ((1 / ε) log d - 1 (1 / ε)) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piquerism, the sexual gratification yielded from the infliction of cutting, stabbing, and slicing wounds, remains an under-researched sexual paraphilic disorder with consequences for understanding, identification, detection, case linkage, and offender treatment. To help remedy that research deficit, a detailed case analysis is presented of a series of 'ripper' homicides to demonstrate common crime scene indicators and characteristics of piquerism. A case in which victims displayed overkill injuries has been chosen owing to the difficulty, even for seasoned investigators, to identify piquerism when the crime scene immediately suggests anger rather than a sexual motivation. In so doing, the knowledge base regarding this rare paraphilic disorder is expanded and directions for future research are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two kinds of aramid fibers were used to prepare weft-knitted insertion fabrics, flexible Surlyn resin as matrix to prepare reinforced weft-knitted insertion fabrics, the effects of hot-pressing temperature, resin content, pressure and holding time on reinforced weft-knitted insertion fabric were explored. Through lamination and co-curing, the effects of the lamination numbers, preparation methods and lamination sequence on the stab resistance of the multilayer system were studied. The results showed that appropriate hot-pressing temperature, resin content, pressure and holding time can improve the stab resistance by improving the permeability of resin in the fabric. However, over high temperatures, pressure and holding time have a negative impact on the stab resistance or flexibility of the composite; high resin content means higher weight, which is not conducive to human wearing. When the area density is similar, the stab resistance of the co-cured composite is the best, followed by the superposition of single-layer composite, finally is the superposition of film and fabric. Weft-knitted insertion fabrics and reinforced weft-knitted insertion fabrics can dissipate puncture energy through shear force, tensile fracture, friction and deformation of yarn or fabric. In addition, composites also have other energy dissipation pathways such as filament compression splitting, fabric/matrix debonding and matrix delamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reconstruction of traffic accidents involving powered two-wheelers (PTWs) frequently proves to be a challenging task. A case in which a fatal head-on crash of a PTW with a small truck where only minor vehicles damage was observed but resulted in isolated fatal chest trauma is discussed here. External examination of the corpse revealed two lacerations on the back, at the first glance implying sharp trauma. Based on the accident traces, the technical expert assumed an emergency break of the PTW rider resulting in a rotation of the PTW in terms of a wheelie on the front wheel. The first contact between the PTW rider and the tail end of the small truck probably occurred with the upper side of the helmet, and then, the back handle of the PTW caused the stab-like injuries followed by compression of the rider between the small truck or asphalt and the PTW. Based on the few accident traces available, neither a reconstruction of the pre-impact velocity nor a detailed reconstruction of the PTW rider kinematics was possible. However, using an interdisciplinary approach, the principal collision position as well as the injury mechanisms could be reconstructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional middle and lower facelifts are not suitable for patients with mild skin laxity or who wish to avoid incision scars. Objective: We present the stab access fascia suspension lift (SAFS‐lift) technique, which does not require regular skin incisions, as a reliable surgical facelift strategy for the lower and middle face. Methods: From September 2020 to September 2021, 38 patients underwent SAFS‐lift. SAFS‐lift involved (1) incomplete subcutaneous undermining with hydrodissection‐assisted tunneling; (2) complete subcutaneous undermining with a dissecting cannula in the zygomatic buccal groove area and hollow below zygomatic arch; and (3) maximal firm superficial musculoaponeurotic system suspension with polydioxanone barbed threads in loops. All patients evaluated the outcome according to the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale. Four plastic surgeons evaluated postsurgery result with a five‐point Likert scale (5 = excellent, 4 = good, 3 = fair, 2 = no change, and 1 = worse). Results: Thirty‐six patients were successfully enrolled. The mean follow‐up period was 14.72 ± 3.89 months. No patients showed visible scarring 6 months after surgery. The minor complication rate was 19.4%. They all subsided within 1–6 weeks without treatment. No infection, hematoma, seroma, or facial nerve injury was observed. Patients' outcome ratings were 4.22 ± 0.58 (3 months), 4.69 ± 0.46 (6 months), and 4.69 ± 0.54 (1 year). Surgeons' outcome scoring was 3.98 ± 0.95. Conclusions: Stab access fascia suspension‐lift is a predictable, effective, and safe facelift technique that can be performed without making noticeable incisions and resecting the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sport Sciences / Magallat ulum Al-Riyadat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to boost shale gas drilling efficiency, oil and gas exploration and drilling distances have risen along with the number of horizontal definitions and directions. As a result, the joints of oil wells and core gas pipes are under continual stress and compression, internal and external pressures, and extreme bending stresses. This will negatively impact the drilling system's sustainability and the performance requirements are therefore reinforced. Good thread design is crucial because premium threaded connections are typically employed in joints, and the construction of reliable premium connections to external limitations is closely related to the choice of pertinent parameters as optimal values. In this article, new premium connection systems will be created and constructed that can show good vibration and durability under such stressful conditions. The amount of von Mises stress that is received from the threaded connection depends on how each parameter is changed. In particular, the values of the "upper stabbing flank corner radius" were used to examine the von Mises stress variations in the entire structure. An optimized design for the premium connection system is proposed with the best value of upper stabbing flank corner radius according to minimized stress on the teeth of the premium connection against compressive forces. The study's findings suggest that it is feasible to create a premium connection that can lower stress following the genuine demand of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reporting query returns the objects satisfying a predicate q from an input set. In prioritized reporting, each object carries a real-valued weight (which can be query dependent), and a query returns the objects that satisfy q and have weights at least a threshold τ. A top-k query finds, among all the objects satisfying q, the k ones of the largest weights; a max query is a special instance with k = 1. We want to design data structures of small space to support queries (and possibly updates) efficiently. Previous work has shown that a top-k structure can also support max and prioritized queries with no performance deterioration. This article explores the opposite direction: do prioritized queries, possibly combined with max queries, imply top-k search? Subject to mild conditions, we provide affirmative answers with two reduction techniques. The first converts a prioritized structure into a static top-k structure with the same space complexity and only a logarithmic blowup in query time. If a max structure is available in addition, our second reduction yields a top-k structure with no degradation in expected performance (this holds for the space, query, and update complexities). Our techniques significantly simplify the design of top-k structures because structures for max and prioritized queries are often easier to obtain. We demonstrate this by developing top-k structures for interval stabbing, 3D dominance, halfspace reporting, linear ranking, and L∞ nearest neighbor search in the RAM and the external memory computation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an Intelligent Intrusion Detection System (IIDS) instead of less effective firewalls and other intrusion detection systems can increase network security. The system's overall effectiveness is determined by the accuracy and speed of IIDS' categorization and training algorithms. According to research, Stabbing Intrusion Using Learning Framework (SILF) is an innovative and intelligent method of learning attack features and lowering dimensionality. To improve Enhanced Long Short-Term Memory (ELSTM) prediction accuracy while minimising testing and training time, an auto-encoder approach, which is an efficient learning methodology for feature generation in an unsupervised way is applied. Initial training samples are fed into the classifier to increase the predictability of incursion and classification accuracy. Thus, model efficacy may be achieved linearly while alternative classifier approaches such as conventional SVM, Random Forest (RF), and Naive Bayesian (NB) are investigated and compared. In this research, an efficient Intelligent Intrusion Detection System using Auto Encoder with Enhanced LSTM (IIDSAE-ELSTM) is proposed for feature dimensionality reduction. Testing and training have shown that the proposed model is more efficient than existing systems in terms of performance measures such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure. A new method to intrusion detection is presented, which increases detection of network intrusions with dimensionality reduction. The Python environment is used in the proposed model to create an efficient dimensionality reduction model for intrusion detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

introduction: state policies are designed so that people with disabilities can improve professionally, sign language interpreters have a relevant role, this research aims to define the times and movements during the working and the musculoskeletal symptoms of the face, neck and upper limbs. Material and method: this research was descriptive and transversal. The data was collected through a survey of morbidity to 9 interpreters from a University, and a 40- minute video of interpretation of 5 of them was analyzed, where the movements were identified and analyzed by means of the OCRA’s tool. Results: this research found that the interpreters performed in 40 minutes 4.432 movements in the right upper limb, 3.301 in the left upper limb, 784 movements in the neck and 1-467 in the face during 40 minu tes. With regard to symptoms associated with pain, it was found that 88.88% of the surveyed subjects had perceived pain in the upper limbs at some point and 44.44 % pain in the neck; It is important to emphasize that all the interpreters reported pain in one or more areas of the body of the electrical, tingling and stabbing type and their episodes had lasted between 2 to 6 months. Conclusions: the people studied stated that they had some type of discomfort that was sometimes painful in body segments associated with work movements, which could be related to the number of movements they perform during their workday. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 40-year-old man was stabbed multiple times with a cross-tipped, Phillips head screwdriver with many of the puncture wounds characterized by a cruciate pattern consistently measuring approximately 5 × 5 mm corresponding to the shape of the weapon. Death was due to a single penetrating wound to the chest that had transfixed the aorta. This report characterizes the features of injuries that may be inflicted by Phillips head screwdrivers, contrasting this with injuries that may occur if the weapon is a flat or slotted head screwdriver. Given their ready availability, ease of handling, and sharpness, screwdrivers are surprisingly rarely used in fatal assaults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let h(C) be the homotopy category of a stable infinity category C. Then the homotopy category h(CΔ1) of morphisms in the stable infinity category C is also triangulated. Hence, the space Stab h(CΔ1) of stability conditions on h(CΔ1) is welldefined though the nonemptiness of Stab h(CΔ1) is not obvious. Our basic motivation is a comparison of the homotopy type of Stab h(C) and that of Stab h(CΔ1). Under the motivation, we show that functors d0 and d1: CΔ1 ° C induce continuous maps from Stab h(C) to Stab h(CΔ1) contravariantly where d0 (resp., d1) takes a morphism to the target (resp., source) of themorphism. As a consequence, if Stab h(C) is nonempty, then so is Stab h(CΔ1). Assuming C is the derived infinity category of the projective line over a field, we further study basic properties of d* 0 and d* 1. In addition, we give an example of a derived category which does not have any stability condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A 78-year-old male patient with a history of psychotic depression was found in the bathroom of his apartment with a pair of scissors driven deeply into the back of his neck. He presented with tetraparesis with residual control over the left lower limb movement. Immediate skull radiograph and brain computed tomography scans revealed the tip of the scissors passing into the foramen magnum. Emergent surgery with midline suboccipital craniectomy and resection of the posterior arch of C1 was performed. The scissors were spontaneously dislocated in the course of surgery. Thereafter, debridement, placement of external ventricular drain and primary closure of the dura and skin were achieved. Post-operatively, the patient was not able to follow any instructions. On the 22nd post-operative day, the patient passed away in palliation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a suicide attempt involving the use of scissors reaching the medulla oblongata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic sensory training and electrical stimulation have an important role to play in fencing because it is a sport based on the sudden change of the body's position in the performance of its skill and the speed of change from the attack to the defense, which requires the preparation of exercises related to the spatial and temporal field and change of angles, strength, compatibility and consistency between the central and decentralized contractions required to perform and implement the skills with the accuracy required for fencing sword players in the skill of stabbing. Using electrical stimulation to improve muscle electrical activity to influence improved neuromuscular adjustment and accuracy of stabbing with a sword fencing weapon, the research was carried out on a sample of young fencing sword players, research variables for neuromuscular adjustment and electrical activity of working muscles were measured, and the experimental group underwent motor sensor training and electrical stimulation of 24 training units over an 8-week period of 3 training units per week, and the results of the research resulted in improved speed compatibility between the man and the arm of the bowl. The efficiency of the propulsion, the compatibility of the corners of the body parts, the motor compatibility and the accuracy of the stab for the experimental group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) resulting from incompetent perforators due to varicose veins is a common surgical condition present in at least 10% of the general population. This study was planned to evaluate stab avulsion vs subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery in the management of incompetent perforators resulting in CVI. Forty patients of CVI resulting from primary varicose veins, falling into class 4 to 6 as per the clinical part of CEAP classification, along with Duplex assessment with proven incompetent perforators of lower extremity, irrespective of the status of saphenousfemoral or saphenous-popliteal junction status, were included in the study. All the patients were randomized into two groups, A and B, by a computer-generated draw. Group A patients underwent stab avulsion, and group B patients underwent SEPS for incompetent perforators. The following parameters were evaluated: (i) pain score using a visual analog scale at 1 hour, 12 hours and 24 hours after surgery, (ii) ulcer healing 1 month and 3 months after surgery, (iii) reversal of skin changes after 1 month and 3 months of surgery during follow-up, and (iv) wound-related complications. Early relief of symptoms in terms of ulcer healing, reversal of skin changes, and decreased incidence of wound complications was found to be better in the subfascial endoscopic perforators surgery (SEPS) group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]