38 results on '"*SPACE & time distortion"'
Search Results
2. SPACE-TIME DECAY ESTIMATES OF SOLUTIONS TO 3D INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS CAMASSA–HOLM EQUATIONS.
- Author
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Xiaopeng Zhao
- Subjects
SPACE & time distortion ,ESTIMATION theory ,INTERPOLATION ,SPATIAL variation ,INCOMPRESSIBLE flow - Abstract
In this paper, based on the parabolic interpolation inequality and inductive argument, we study the space-time decay estimates of higher-order time and spatial derivatives of strong solutions for the 3D incompressible viscous Camassa–Holm equations provided that the initial datum is well localized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Modelling and quantitative analysis of tropospheric turbulence impacts on GEO SAR imaging.
- Author
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Hu, Cheng, Hu, Jiaqi, Dong, Xichao, and Li, Yuanhao
- Subjects
GEOSTATIONARY satellites ,SYNTHETIC aperture radar ,IMAGE quality in synthetic aperture radar ,SPACE & time distortion ,TROPOSPHERE ,TURBULENCE - Abstract
Geosynchronous orbit synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) has a long synthetic aperture time and a large-scale imaging scene. Therefore, various non-ideal factors tend to accumulate, introducing phase errors and decreasing the imaging quality. During the long integration time, troposphere is time varying and space variant, which will result in image shifts and defocusing. According to the characteristics of GEO SAR, this study completes the modelling and the quantitative analysis of tropospheric turbulence. Based on the phase-screen theory, the amplitude and phase random fluctuations caused by the turbulence which will result in the defocus of images are analysed. However, in the natural environment, the imaging of GEO SAR system is affected weakly by the turbulence and this conclusion is proved from the spectral analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Physical Scale from String Tension in LQCD.
- Author
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Hyka-Xhako, Dafina, Osmanaj, Rudina, Boriçi, Artan, and Jani, Joan
- Subjects
- *
STRING tension , *QUANTUM chromodynamics , *COMPUTER simulation , *SPACE & time distortion , *CONTINUITY - Abstract
Lattice QCD is one of the most powerful tools to analyze nonperturbative QCD phenomena. In lattice QCD, the space-time is discretized as a hypercubic lattice with the lattice spacing a. Numerical simulations of lattice QCD are the only tool to gain information on the hadron masses and scattering phases. In order to take physical quantity from dimensionless lattice quantity it is important to determine the scale parameter a. In this paper we use string tension K parameter to determine the physical scale of the theory. We have calculated the string tension parameter from planar Wilson loops, for 100 configurations, from lattice 84, 124, 164. Comparing these calculated values with that from the Regge slopes, K = (440 MeV)², we get the scale for each lattice. Finally, we can extrapolate in continuum limit to take the string tension parameter in QCD theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. AdS spacetime in Lorentz covariant gauges.
- Author
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Valtancoli, P.
- Subjects
- *
SPACE & time distortion , *SPACETIME singularities (Relativity) , *LORENTZ force , *LORENTZ transformations , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
We show how to generate the AdS spacetime metric in general Lorentz covariant gauges. In particular we propose an iterative method for solving the Lorentz gauge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A precise extragalactic test of General Relativity.
- Author
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Collett, Thomas E., Oldham, Lindsay J., Smith, Russell J., Auger, Matthew W., Westfall, Kyle B., Bacon, David, Nichol, Robert C., Masters, Karen L., Koyama, Kazuya, and van den Bosch, Remco
- Subjects
- *
GENERAL relativity (Physics) , *GRAVITATIONAL lenses , *GRAVIMETRY , *SPACE & time distortion , *EINSTEIN'S ring , *ANGULAR diameter (Astronomy) , *GALAXIES - Abstract
Einstein’s theory of gravity, General Relativity, has been precisely tested on Solar System scales, but the long-range nature of gravity is still poorly constrained. The nearby strong gravitational lens ESO 325-G004 provides a laboratory to probe the weak-field regime of gravity and measure the spatial curvature generated per unit mass, g. By reconstructing the observed light profile of the lensed arcs and the observed spatially resolved stellar kinematics with a single self-consistent model, we conclude that g = 0.97 ± 0.09 at 68% confidence. Our result is consistent with the prediction of 1 from General Relativity and provides a strong extragalactic constraint on the weak-field metric of gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Super Quasi-Einstein Manifolds with Applications to General Relativity.
- Author
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MALLICK, SAHANOUS
- Subjects
- *
EINSTEIN manifolds , *GENERAL relativity (Physics) , *SPACE & time distortion , *TENSOR fields , *VECTOR fields - Abstract
The object of the present paper is to study super quasi-Einstein manifolds. Some geometric properties of super quasi-Einstein manifolds have been studied. We also discuss S(QE)4 spacetime with space-matter tensor and some properties related to it. Finally, we construct an example of a super quasi-Einstein spacetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Distortionless space-time adaptive processor based on MVDR beamformer for GNSS receiver.
- Author
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Xinzhi Dai, Junwei Nie, Feiqiang Chen, and Gang Ou
- Subjects
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SPACE & time distortion , *GLOBAL Positioning System , *ANTENNA array testing , *DELAY lines , *SIGNAL-to-noise ratio - Abstract
The utilising of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) can effectively enhance the globe navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers' performance in suppressing harsh, sustained interference. However, STAP may introduce significant biases and distortions on the cross-correlation functions, which would deteriorate acquisition and tracking performance. To achieve high-accuracy GNSS applications in challenging environments, these biases and distortions must be mitigated. A novel distortionless space-time adaptive processor based on minimum variance disstortionless response (MVDR) beamformer is proposed. By combining the information of steering vector and constraining the taps number of tapped delay line to be odd, the proposed processor can maintain the linearity of space-time filter response and it introduces no biases into the code and carrier phase measurements. The effectiveness of the proposed processor is demonstrated by theoretical analysis and simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. An efficient temporal distortion measure of videos based on spacetime texture.
- Author
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Peng, Peng, Liao, Danping, and Li, Ze-Nian
- Subjects
- *
VIDEOS , *OPTICAL flow , *TEXTURE analysis (Image processing) , *SPACE & time distortion , *COMPUTER science - Abstract
Objective video quality assessment (VQA) plays an important role in controlling video quality. Most of the existing VQA methods measure motion-related temporal distortion based on optical-flow methods, which are not consistently reliable in modeling general visual dynamics. This paper presents a full-reference temporal distortion measure based on spacetime texture , a uniform and distributive descriptor of a broad set of spacetime structures. Our method measures the distortion of spacetime texture in video with a motion-tuning strategy, which effectively captures temporal distortion along the motion trajectories. Then it estimates self-information based visual saliency for spatial pooling by reusing the motion descriptors. We evaluated our method on two public VQA databases with a wide variety of distortion types, in which the videos were viewed on a large screen or mobile devices. The results show that our method correlates highly with the subjective quality and has high computational efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Analysis of linear waves near the Cauchy horizon of cosmological black holes.
- Author
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Hintz, Peter and Vasy, András
- Subjects
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CAUCHY integrals , *PHYSICAL cosmology , *SPACE & time distortion , *WAVE equation , *MICROLOCAL analysis - Abstract
We show that linear scalar waves are bounded and continuous up to the Cauchy horizon of Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter and Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes and in fact decay exponentially fast to a constant along the Cauchy horizon. We obtain our results by modifying the spacetime beyond the Cauchy horizon in a suitable manner, which puts the wave equation into a framework in which a number of standard as well as more recent microlocal regularity and scattering theory results apply. In particular, the conormal regularity of waves at the Cauchy horizon-which yields the boundedness statement-is a consequence of radial point estimates, which are microlocal manifestations of the blue-shift and red-shift effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. An alternative perspective to observe the critical phenomena of dilaton black holes.
- Author
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Mo, Jie-Xiong
- Subjects
- *
DILATON , *BLACK holes , *ENTROPY , *SPACE & time distortion , *PHASE transitions - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Perturbations of the Asymptotic Region of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter Spacetime.
- Author
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Gasperín, Edgar and Valiente Kroon, Juan
- Subjects
- *
SCHWARZSCHILD metric , *SPACE & time distortion , *EINSTEIN field equations , *PERTURBATION theory , *CONFORMAL field theory - Abstract
The conformal structure of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime is analysed using the extended conformal Einstein field equations. To this end, initial data for an asymptotic initial value problem for the Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime are obtained. This initial data allow to understand the singular behaviour of the conformal structure at the asymptotic points where the horizons of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime meet the conformal boundary. Using the insights gained from the analysis of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime in a conformal Gaussian gauge, we consider nonlinear perturbations close to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime in the asymptotic region. We show that small enough perturbations of asymptotic initial data for the Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime give rise to a solution to the Einstein field equations which exists to the future and has an asymptotic structure similar to that of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Modified uncertainty principle from the free expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate.
- Author
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Castellanos, Elías and Escamilla-Rivera, Celia
- Subjects
- *
HEISENBERG uncertainty principle , *BOSE-Einstein condensation , *NUMERICAL analysis , *SPACE & time distortion , *PLANCK scale - Abstract
In this paper, we present a theoretical and numerical analysis of the free expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate, where we assume that the single particle energy spectrum is deformed due to a possible quantum structure of spacetime. Also, we consider the presence of interparticle interactions in order to study more realistic and specific scenarios. The modified free velocity expansion of the condensate leads in a natural way to a modification of the uncertainty principle, which allows us to investigate some possible features of the Planck scale regime in low-energy earth-based experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Space-time modeling for post-fire vegetation recovery.
- Author
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Paci, Lucia, Gelfand, Alan, Beamonte, María, Rodrigues, Marcos, and Pérez-Cabello, Fernando
- Subjects
- *
FOREST management , *POST-fire forests , *SPACE-time mathematical models , *SPACE & time distortion , *AUTOREGRESSION (Statistics) , *HIERARCHICAL clustering (Cluster analysis) - Abstract
Recently, there has been increased interest in the behavior of wildfires. Behavior includes explaining: incidence of wildfires; recurrence times for wildfires; sizes, scars, and directions of wildfires; and recovery of burned regions after a wildfire. We study this last problem. In particular, we use the annual normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to provide a picture of vegetative levels. Employed post-wildfire, it provides a picture of vegetative recovery. The contribution here is to model post-fire vegetation recovery from a different perspective. What exists in the literature specifies a parametric monotone form for the recovery function and then fits it to the available data. However, recovery need not be monotone; NDVI levels may increase or decrease annually according to climate variables. Furthermore, when there is recovery, it need not follow a simple parametric form. Instead, we view recovery in a relative way. We model what NDVI would look like over the fire scar in the absence of a wildfire. Then, we can examine NDVI recovery locally, employing the observed NDVI recovery at a location relative to the predictive distribution of NDVI at that location. We work with wildfire data from the Communidad Autonomía of Aragón in Spain. We develop our approach in two stages. First, we validate the predictability of NDVI in the absence of wildfire. Then, we study annual recovery and evolution of recovery for an illustrative wildfire region. We work within a hierarchical Bayes framework, adopting suitable dynamic spatial models, attaching full uncertainty to our inference on recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. HIGH ORDER INTEGRATOR FOR SAMPLING THE INVARIANT DISTRIBUTION OF A CLASS OF PARABOLIC STOCHASTIC PDES WITH ADDITIVE SPACE-TIME NOISE.
- Author
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BRÉHIER, CHARLES-EDOUARD and VILMART, GILLES
- Subjects
- *
INTEGRATORS , *ANALOG computers , *PARABOLIC differential equations , *STOCHASTIC analysis , *SPACE & time distortion - Abstract
We introduce a time-integrator to sample with high order of accuracy the invariant distribution for a class of semilinear stochastic PDEs (SPDEs) driven by an additive space-time noise. Combined with a postprocessor, the new method is a modification with negligible overhead of the standard linearized implicit Euler-Maruyama method. We first provide an analysis of the integrator when applied for SDEs (finite dimension), where we prove that the method has order 2 for the approximation of the invariant distribution, instead of 1. We then perform a stability analysis of the integrator in the semilinear SPDE context, and we prove in a linear case that a higher order of convergence is achieved. Numerical experiments, including the semilinear heat equation driven by space-time white noise, confirm the theoretical findings and illustrate the effciency of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Reflection theorem for Lorentz-Minkowski spaces.
- Author
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Lee, Nam-Hoon
- Subjects
- *
LORENTZ force , *ELECTROMAGNETIC fields , *SPACETIME , *SPACE & time distortion , *SPACETIME singularities (Relativity) - Abstract
We generalize the reflection theorem of the Lorentz-Minkowski plane to that of the Lorentz-Minkowski spaces of higher dimensions. As a result, we show that an isometry of the Lorentz-Minkowski spacetime is a composition of at most 5 reflections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The decoupling problem of the Proca equation; and treatment of Dirac, Maxwell and Proca fields on the resulting pp-wave spacetimes.
- Author
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Düztaş, Koray and Semiz, İbrahim
- Subjects
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MAXWELL equations , *VECTORS (Calculus) , *SPACE & time distortion , *SCALAR field theory , *CALCULUS of tensors - Abstract
In this work we take a formal approach to the problem of decoupling Proca equations in curved space-times. We use Newman-Penrose two-spinor formalism to represent the Proca vector by one complex and two real scalars. We show that a decoupled second order differential equation for one of the real scalars can be derived if and only if the background space-time admits a covariantly constant null vector. Thus, the background space-time must be a pp-wave vacuum. We evaluate the separability of Proca, Maxwell and Dirac equations on the resulting pp-wave background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Gravitational Wave Astrophysics: Opening the New Frontier.
- Author
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Centrella, Joan
- Subjects
- *
GRAVITATIONAL waves , *ASTROPHYSICS , *SPACE & time distortion , *SUPERMASSIVE black holes , *NEUTRON stars , *STELLAR luminosity function , *GENERAL relativity (Physics) , *WAVE equation - Abstract
The gravitational wave window onto the universe is expected to open in ~ 5 years, when ground-based detectors make the first detections in the high-frequency regime. Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime produced by the motions of massive objects such as black holes and neutron stars. Since the universe is nearly transparent to gravitational waves, these signals carry direct information about their sources - such as masses, spins, luminosity distances, and orbital parameters - through dense, obscured regions across cosmic time. This article explores gravitational waves as cosmic messengers, highlighting key sources, detection methods, and the astrophysical payoffs across the gravitational wave spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Catching a Wave.
- Author
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GREENE, BRIAN
- Subjects
- *
GRAVITATIONAL waves , *GENERAL relativity (Physics) , *GRAVITY , *SPACE & time distortion - Abstract
The article explores the detection of gravitational waves on Earth for the first time on September 14, 2015. Physicist Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity in 1915 is discussed which determined that massive objects can cause a distortion in space-time that is felt as gravity. Also tackled are Einstein's misgivings about his predication of gravitational waves, the attempts of several scientists to detect gravitational waves, and the cause of gravitational waves.
- Published
- 2016
20. Dynamics of tilted and non-tilted Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi spacetime in f( R) gravity.
- Author
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Sharif, M. and Nawazish, Iqra
- Subjects
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SPACE & time distortion , *HOMOGENEITY , *STABILITY constants , *CONGRUENCE lattices , *HEAT flux - Abstract
This paper investigates the dynamics of Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi spacetime with respect to tilted observer in f( R) gravity and obtains significant relationships between tilted and non-tilted observers. We discuss inhomogeneity factor and its evolution with the help of kinematical and dynamical quantities. It is found that for tilted observer the evolution of inhomogeneity factor depends upon heat flux, shear tensor and expansion scalar while for non-tilted observer, it depends only upon shear tensor. We also explore the stability criteria of non-tilted congruence in the presence of dark source term and find that expansion is responsible for instability of non-tilted congruence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Dutch dangle bid for gravitational wave detector.
- Author
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Cartlidge, Edwin
- Subjects
- *
LETTING of contracts , *GRAVITATIONAL wave detectors , *SPACE & time distortion , *ASTRONOMICAL observatories - Abstract
The article reports that the Dutch government's proposal for Europe's Einstein Telescope has put him ahead of rival bids. Researchers in Europe and the United States are thinking about bigger gravitational wave detectors that could survey most of the universe. Three overlapping L-shaped detectors will watch for spacetime distortions, and the observatory will be buried in bedrock several hundred meters down to insulate it from the surface noise of wind and traffic.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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22. Fast estimators for redshift-space clustering.
- Author
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Scoccimarro, Román
- Subjects
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GALACTIC redshift , *SPACE & time distortion , *RADIAL distortion - Abstract
Redshift-space distortions in galaxy surveys happen along the radial direction, breaking statistical translation invariance. We construct estimators for radial distortions that, using only fast fourier transforms (FFTs) of the overdensity field multipoles for a given survey geometry, compute the power spectrum monopole, quadrupole and hexadecapole, and generalize such estimators to the bispectrum. Using realistic mock catalogs we compare the signal to noise of two estimators for the power spectrum hexadecapole that require different number of FFTs and measure the bispectrum monopole, quadrupole and hexadecapole. The resulting algorithm is very efficient, e.g. the BOSS survey requires about 3 min for ℓ = 0,2,4 power spectra for scales up to k = 0.3 h Mpc-1 and about 15 additional min for ℓ = 0,2,4 bispectra for all scales and triangle shapes up to k = 0.2 h Mpc-1 on a single core. The speed of these estimators is essential as it makes possible for one to compute covariance matrices from large number of realizations of mock catalogs with realistic survey characteristics, and paves the way for improved constraints of gravity on cosmological scales, inflation and galaxy bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Horizon complementarity in elliptic de Sitter space.
- Author
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Hackl, Lucas and Neiman, Yasha
- Subjects
- *
SPHERICAL astronomy , *METAPHYSICS , *SPACE & time distortion , *QUANTUM theory , *QUANTUM physicists - Abstract
We study a quantum field in elliptic de Sitter space dS4/Z2-the spacetime obtained from identifying antipodal points in dS4. We find that the operator algebra and Hilbert space cannot be defined for the entire space, but only for observable causal patches. This makes the system into an explicit realization of the horizon complementarity principle. In the absence of a global quantum theory, we propose a recipe for translating operators and states between observers. This translation involves information loss, in accordance with the fact that two observers see different patches of the spacetime. As a check, we recover the thermal state at the de Sitter temperature as a state that appears the same to all observers. This thermal state arises from the same functional that, in ordinary dS4, describes the Bunch-Davies vacuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Bundled Camera Paths for Video Stabilization.
- Author
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Shuaicheng Liu, Lu Yuany, Ping Tan, and Jian Suny
- Subjects
VIDEO recording ,CAMERA calibration ,SPARSE graphs ,THREE-dimensional display systems ,SPACE & time distortion - Abstract
We present a novel video stabilization method which models camera motion with a bundle of (multiple) camera paths. The proposed model is based on a mesh-based, spatially-variant motion representation and an adaptive, space-time path optimization. Our motion representation allows us to fundamentally handle parallax and rolling shutter effects while it does not require long feature trajectories or sparse 3D reconstruction. We introduce the 'as-similar-as-possible' idea to make motion estimation more robust. Our space-time path smoothing adaptively adjusts smoothness strength by considering discontinuities, cropping size and geometrical distortion in a unified optimization framework. The evaluation on a large variety of consumer videos demonstrates the merits of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Including realistic tidal deformations in binary black-hole initial data.
- Author
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Chu, Tony
- Subjects
- *
DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) , *BINARY black holes , *GRAVITATIONAL waves , *SPACE & time distortion , *GENERAL relativity (Physics) , *SCHWARZSCHILD metric - Abstract
A shortcoming of current binary black-hole initial data is the generation of spurious gravitational radiation, so-called junk radiation, when they are evolved. This problem is a consequence of an oversimplified modeling of the binary's physics in the initial data. Since junk radiation is not astrophysically realistic, it contaminates the actual waveforms of interest and poses a numerical nuisance. The work here presents a further step towards mitigating and understanding the origin of this issue by incorporating post-Newtonian results in the construction of constraint-satisfying binary black-hole initial data. Here, we focus on including realistic tidal deformations of the black holes in the initial data by building on the method of superposing suitably chosen black-hole metrics to compute the conformai data. We describe the details of our initial data for an equal-mass and nonspinning binary, compute the subsequent relaxation of horizon quantities in evolutions, and quantify the amount of junk radiation that is generated. These results are contrasted with those obtained with the most common choice of conformally flat (CF) initial data, as well as superposed Kerr-Schild (SKS) initial data. We find that when realistic tidal deformations are included, the early transients in the horizon geometries are significantly reduced, along with smaller deviations in the relaxed black-hole masses and spins from their starting values. Likewise, the junk radiation content in the I = 2 modes is reduced by a factor of ~1.7 relative to CF initial data, but only by a factor of ~ 1.2 relative to SKS initial data. More prominently, the junk radiation content in the 3 = I = 8 modes is reduced by a factor of ~5 relative to CF initial data, and by a factor of ~2.4 relative to SKS initial data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Simple model of pointlike spacetime defects and implications for photon propagation.
- Author
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Schreck, M., Sorba, F., and Thambyahpillai, S.
- Subjects
- *
EMBEDDING theorems , *MINKOWSKI space , *SPACE & time distortion , *LORENTZ theory , *QUANTUM field theory - Abstract
A model in which pointlike defects are randomly embedded in Minkowski spacetime is considered. The distribution of spacetime defects is constructed to be Lorentz invariant. Since it is based on a sprinkling process, it does not introduce a preferred reference frame. A field-theoretic action for the photon and a fermion is set up, in which the photon is assumed not to couple to the defects directly, but via a scalar field. We are interested in signs for Lorentz violation caused by the spacetime defects, which are expected to reveal themselves in the photon sector. A modification of the photon dispersion relation may result as a quantum effect, and we compute it at leading order perturbation theory. The outcome of the calculation is that the photon dispersion law remains conventional, if the defect distribution is dense, homogeneous, and isotropic. This result sheds some new light on Lorentz violation in the framework of a small-scale structure of spacetime. It shows that Lorentz invariance can be preserved even in the presence of a spacetime structure that is supposed to emerge at the Planck scale. This conclusion has already been drawn on general grounds in other publications, where the current paper delivers a demonstration by a direct computation in a simple model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Phenomenology of space-time imperfection. II. Local defects.
- Author
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Hossenfelder, S.
- Subjects
- *
PHENOMENOLOGICAL quark model , *SCATTERING (Physics) , *SPACE & time distortion , *CONSERVATION of momentum , *CONSTRAINTS (Physics) - Abstract
We propose a phenomenological model for the scattering of particles on space-time defects in a treatment that maintains Lorentz invariance on the average. The local defects considered here cause a stochastic violation of momentum conservation. The scattering probability is parametrized in the density of defects and the distribution of the momentum that a particle can obtain when scattering on the defect. We identify the most promising observable consequences and derive constraints from existing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Dark energy flipped upside down.
- Author
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Ananthaswamy, Anil
- Subjects
- *
METAPHYSICAL cosmology , *DARK energy , *THERMODYNAMIC laws , *ENTROPY , *SPACE & time distortion - Abstract
The article discusses the work by cosmologist and physics professor Sean Carroll and his student Aidan Chatwin-Davies to understand the tiny value of the cosmological constant called the dark energy. Carroll and Chatwin-Davies used the laws of thermodynamics to determine the entropy of space-time distortion and in turn tried to explain the value of dark energy.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. On Mass, Spacetime Curvature, and Gravity.
- Author
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Janis, Allen I.
- Subjects
- *
MASS (Physics) , *SPACETIME , *SPACE & time distortion , *PHYSICS education (Higher) , *GRAVITATION , *GENERAL relativity (Physics) - Abstract
The frequently used analogy of a massive ball distorting an elastic sheet, which is used to illustrate why mass causes spacetime curvature and gravitational attraction, is criticized in this article. A different analogy that draws on the students' previous knowledge of spacetime diagrams in special relativity is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. More gravitational waves detected.
- Author
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CONOVER, EMILY
- Subjects
- *
GRAVITATIONAL waves , *BLACK holes , *SPACE & time distortion , *STAR clusters - Abstract
The article discusses the observation of gravitational waves, which were caused by a collision of two black holes, by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). It references a June 1, 2017 report in the journal "Physical Review Letters." The impact that gravitational waves have on the rippling and distorting of spacetime is discussed. Black holes' behavior amidst a clusters of stars is also discussed.
- Published
- 2017
31. The global monopole spacetime and its topological charge.
- Author
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Hongwei Tan, Jinbo Yang, Jingyi Zhang, and Tangmei He
- Subjects
- *
TOPOLOGICAL algebras , *SPACE & time distortion , *THERMODYNAMIC laws , *PHYSICAL laws , *COUNTERCURRENT processes - Abstract
We show that the global monopole spacetime is one of the exact solutions of the Einstein equations by treating the matter field as a non-linear sigma model, without the weak field approximation applied in the original derivation by Barriola and Vilenkin. Furthermore, we find the physical origin of the topological charge in the global monopole spacetime. Finally, we generalize the proposal which generates spacetime from thermodynamical laws to the case of spacetime with global monopole charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Squeezing quantum noise.
- Author
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Dwyer, Sheila
- Subjects
- *
QUANTUM noise , *SQUEEZED light , *QUANTUM mechanics , *SPACE & time distortion , *GRAVITATIONAL waves , *GRAVITATIONAL wave detectors - Abstract
The article focuses on the possibility of squeezing quantum noise. Topics discussed include the uncertainty of the observable properties of a physical system in quantum mechanics and the propagation of vacuum fluctuations. Also mentioned are the distortion of spacetime by gravitational waves and the improved use of gravitational-wave detector.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Merger and acquisition.
- Subjects
- *
GRAVITATIONAL waves , *RELATIVITY (Physics) , *SPACE & time distortion , *MASS (Physics) , *INTERFEROMETERS - Abstract
The article offers information on the detection of gravitational waves by scientists on February 11, 2016. Topics discussed include the emergence of gravitational waves from the general theory of relativity by scientist Albert Einstein, the deformation of space and time by mass, and the use of the LIGO interferometer in detecting the waves.
- Published
- 2016
34. On the Penrose inequality along null hypersurfaces.
- Author
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Marc Mars and Alberto Soria
- Subjects
- *
PENROSE transform , *HYPERSURFACES , *SPACE & time distortion , *HAWKING radiation , *QUANTUM gravity - Abstract
The null Penrose inequality, i.e. the Penrose inequality in terms of the Bondi energy, is studied by introducing a functional on surfaces and studying its properties along a null hypersurface Ω extending to past null infinity. We prove a general Penrose-type inequality which involves the limit at infinity of the Hawking energy along a specific class of geodesic foliations called Geodesic Asymptotically Bondi (GAB), which are shown to always exist. Whenever this foliation approaches large spheres, this inequality becomes the null Penrose inequality and we recover the results of Ludvigsen–Vickers (1983 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.16 3349–53) and Bergqvist (1997 Class. Quantum Grav.14 2577–83). By exploiting further properties of the functional along general geodesic foliations, we introduce an approach to the null Penrose inequality called the Renormalized Area Method and find a set of two conditions which imply the validity of the null Penrose inequality. One of the conditions involves a limit at infinity and the other a restriction on the spacetime curvature along the flow. We investigate their range of applicability in two particular but interesting cases, namely the shear-free and vacuum case, where the null Penrose inequality is known to hold from the results by Sauter (2008 PhD Thesis Zürich ETH), and the case of null shells propagating in the Minkowski spacetime. Finally, a general inequality bounding the area of the quasi-local black hole in terms of an asymptotic quantity intrinsic of Ω is derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Gravastars in f(R,T) gravity.
- Author
-
Das, Amit, Ghosh, Shounak, Guha, B. K., Das, Swapan, Rahaman, Farook, and Ray, Saibal
- Subjects
- *
GRAVITY , *SPACE & time distortion - Abstract
We propose a unique stellar model under the f(R,T) gravity by using the conjecture of Mazur-Mottola [P. Mazur and E. Mottola, Report No. LA-UR-01-5067, P. Mazur and E. Mottola, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 9545 (2004)] which is known as gravastar and a viable alternative to the black hole as available in literature. This gravastar is described by the three different regions, viz., (I) Interior core region, (II) Intermediate thin shell, and (III) Exterior spherical region. The pressure within the interior region is equal to the constant negative matter density which provides a repulsive force over the thin spherical shell. This thin shell is assumed to be formed by a fluid of ultrarelativistic plasma and the pressure, which is directly proportional to the matter-energy density according to Zel'dovich's conjecture of stiff fluid [Y. B. Zel'dovich, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 160, 1 (1972)], does counterbalance the repulsive force exerted by the interior core region. The exterior spherical region is completely vacuum and assumed to be de Sitter spacetime which can be described by the Schwarzschild solution. Under this specification we find out a set of exact and singularity-free solution of the gravastar which presents several other physically valid features within the framework of alternative gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Erratum.
- Subjects
- *
ORBITS (Astronomy) , *SPACE & time distortion - Abstract
A correction to the article "Modeling the horizon-absorbed gravitational flux for equatorial-circular orbits in Kerr spacetime" that was published in the 2013 issue of the journal is presented.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Space-time Distortion By Gravity.
- Author
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Plitnik, George R.
- Subjects
Space & time distortion ,Gravity ,Gravitational fields - Abstract
Space and time are linked together, and the fabric of space-time can be distorted or warped by the presence of matter. Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity provides explanations of many diverse phenomena based on the concept that gravity is the distortion of space-time.
- Published
- 2022
38. Space-time distortions.
- Author
-
Plitnik, George R. and Erickson, Richard R.
- Subjects
Relativity (Physics) ,Space & time distortion ,Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955 - Abstract
To the layperson, space is empty, but time is full of activity. Time is perceived as a flow, carrying consciousness from one present moment to the next. To a physicist, however, the terms space and time denote quite different concepts: space possesses physical properties and many levels of structure, and the flow of time is an illusion. Indeed, some theories hold that matter, rather than being located in space and time, is nothing more than disturbances in the fabric of space and time.
- Published
- 2023
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