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The authors study how strangers become friends within an evolving online social network. By modeling the coevolution of individual users' friendship tie formations (when and with whom) and their concurrent online activities, the authors uncover important drivers underlying individuals' friendship decisions and, at the same time, quantify the resulting peer effects on individuals' actions. They estimate their model using a novel data set capturing the continuous development of a network and users' entire action histories within the network. The results reveal that similarity (homophily) with a potential friend, the properties of a potential friend's network, and the potential friend's domain expertise all play a role in friendship formation. Via prediction exercises, the authors find that stimulating anime watching is the most effective sitewide intervention, which leads to the highest overall site traffic and the largest number of active users, and that recommending a friend of a friend as a potential friend is the most effective strategy in stimulating friendship tie formation. In contrast to the common finding for static networks, the results indicate that seeding to users with the most friends is not the most effective strategy to increase users' activity levels in an evolving network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liberalism assumes a number of political values that are central to its popular appeal. Historically, fraternity was an additional value that called on citizens to consider themselves part of a civic community. While contemporary liberalism has placed significant emphasis on the values that promote individualism – liberty and equality – it has rarely referred to fraternity as a value. Yet, a robust version of fraternity is either existent or possible in at least one liberal's, Kant's, version of liberalism. Drawing upon Kant's notions of unity and friendship in his moral and religious writings to show how Kant conceived of fraternity in its private sense, I offer textual evidence of these concepts spilling over into Kant's theory of right. In so doing, I reconstruct a version of Kantian fraternity that is consistent with Kant's broader theory of right in an effort to give fraternity a greater role in classical liberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactions recorded in lab settings have been of little interest to sociolinguists who tend to favor "naturalistic" discourse. The focus on obtaining "natural" speech, however, has both limited the types of data used in sociolinguistic research and created methodological difficulties. This article demonstrates how lab‐recorded interactions—viewed as performance—can lend valuable insights into how research participants display (normative) behaviors and identities. Specifically, using a multimethod approach, we analyze advice‐giving in dyadic interactions between college‐age friends who engage in troubles talk. Being supportive, including offering advice, is essential in friendships. This study, by identifying the various linguistic realizations of advice and explicating how friends manage the power/solidarity tension, adds to our understanding of the important activity of advice‐giving in the context of friendship and illuminates friendship through the lens of advice. It also addresses the methodological question of how lab data fit into the landscape of sociolinguistic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Youth with callous-unemotional (CU) traits show severe and chronic forms of antisocial behavior, as well as deficits in socioaffiliative processes, such as empathy, guilt, and prosocial behavior. Adolescence represents a critical developmental window when these socioaffiliative processes can help to deepen the strength of supportive peer friendships. However, few studies have explored the relationship between CU traits and friendship quality during adolescence. In the current study, we used data from the Pathways to Desistance dataset to examine reciprocal and longitudinal associations between CU traits and friendship quality at three assessment points separated by 6 months each during adolescence.Methods: The sample included adolescents who had interacted with the justice system (age at baseline, M = 16.04, SD = 1.14; N = 1354; 13.6% female). CU traits were assessed using the callousness scale of the self-reported Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory and friendship quality using a scale adapted from the Quality of Relationships Inventory. Models accounted for co-occurring aggression, impulsive-irresponsible traits, grandiose-manipulative traits, age, gender, location, and race.Results: At every assessment point, CU traits were uniquely related to lower friendship quality. Moreover, we found evidence for reciprocal effects between the first two assessment points, such that CU traits were related to decreases in friendship quality over time, while lower friendship quality simultaneously predicted increases in CU traits across the same period.Conclusions: Interventions for CU traits could benefit from including specific modules that target the social processes associated with adaptive and successful friendships, including empathic listening and other-orientated thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The apparent stability of social network structures may mask considerable change and adjustment in the ties that make up the structures. In this study, we theorize and test—using longitudinal data on friendship relations from a radiology department located in the Netherlands—the idea that the characteristics of this “network churn” and the resultant brokerage dynamics are traceable to individual differences in self-monitoring personality. High self-monitors were more likely than low self-monitors to attract new friends and to occupy new bridging positions over time. In comparison to low self-monitors, the new friends that high self-monitors attracted tended to be relative strangers, in the sense that they were unconnected with previous friends, came from different functions, and more efficiently increased the number of structural holes in the resultant network. Our study suggests that dispositional forces help shape the dynamic structuring of networks: individuals help (re)create the social network structures they inhabit.

Quite frequently, business periodicals feature articles on the importance of building and maintaining a "network" of business friends. Typically, these articles offer practical suggestions for "networking." This article is a philosophical investigation of business friends, and business friendships. Relying upon Aristotle's classic analysis, I argue that business friendships are instances of "incomplete friendships for utility," Viewed in this way, much is revealed about what business friendships are, even more is revealed about what business friendships are not. It is perfectly natural to say that business friends use one another; this raises the issue of whether business friendships violate the Kantian "categorical imperative." I argue that they need not, and that--so long as they are truly "friendships"--they do not. What this discussion makes clear, however, is that business friendships are in continuous peril of eroding into relationships that cannot survive moral scrutiny. I conclude with a few practical suggestions--and philosophical cautions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The stranger" has been a recurring figure in anthropology and sociology, often taken to represent the antithesis of kinship and friendship, or as personifying the anomie of contemporary social life. Drawing on participant observation documenting interactions with strangers occurring on social media in a rural Chinese town, I demonstrate how online stranger relations happening therein rework existing boundaries between friends and strangers while also assuming uniquely gendered qualities. This fuels social imaginaries and moral concerns around such interactions, posing an implicit threat to traditional forms of relationships, especially monogamous marriage. Building on this unique instance of stranger relations, I argue for the need to develop an anthropological notion of "strangership" capable of treating such connections as an analytically distinct relational form. Acknowledging the local specificities and potentialities of strangership is, I claim, a necessary first step for unlocking the concept's comparative potential for the anthropological discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and exposure to online hate material using samples of Finnish and American youth and young adults. The authors aim to identify socio-demographic determinants of SWB and the social ties prevalent both online and offline that may be relevant to the discussion of how hate material associates with well-being.Design/methodology/approach The data are derived from online survey responses from both Finnish (n=555) and American (n=1,014) young people aged 15-30. The authors control for the possible effects of social trust, offline friendships, online victimisation and economic status, which have been found to associate with SWB in earlier studies.Findings The findings show a clear association that highlights the uniformity in how negatively intended material online affects young people, despite the inclusion of a cross-national comparison. The study confirms previous work concerning happiness and life satisfaction.Research limitations/implications The survey used was not designed solely to address issues of SWB and as such a more targeted set of questions may have resulted in more in-depth data. Also, structural determinants of SWB, social spheres, and tie strength were analysed through proxy measures.Practical implications The findings concerning new variables linked to well-being and victimization in the cross-national context provide a new point of reference in terms of online hate being associated with happiness.Originality/value The authors consider a number of descriptive characteristics, determining the relationship between these variables and participants’ happiness. Through this cross-national data set, new comparisons were made possible between internet users of both countries. The study combines many earlier findings with new variables and theoretical frameworks to add new perspectives to the understanding of how well-being is affected online among young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although organizational research on workplace friendships is well established, it has been criticized for its predominately postpositivistic outlook, which largely focuses on how workplace friendships can be linked to improving organizational outcomes such as efficiency and performance. As a consequence, other aspects of the lived experiences of work and friendship are obscured, in particular how these friendships are important in their own right and how they function as social and personal relationships. Supplementing postpositivistic research on workplace friendships, this article shows how researchers can derive theoretical insights from a “sociology of friendship.” The main contribution of this article relates to the development of a sociology of workplace friendship that understands the porous and mutable nature of these relationships and considers the social and personal factors that influence their role, place and meaning in the workplace. As such, three sociological frames of analysis are elaborated that encourage researchers to examine friendships at work as a set of contextually contingent social practices and as historically patterned social and personal relationships. This article articulates an agenda of research to inspire and guide researchers using these frames, one potential outcome of which is generating much needed scholarship that explores how workplace friendships contribute to human flourishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on overlooked revolutionary friendship as a primary vehicle of revolutionary politics. It draws on ethnographic fieldwork among revolutionaries of Syria’s peaceful protest movements. The article depicts how friendships emerge in revolutionary moments. It analyzes the experience of friendship as a primary locus for revolutionary politics and as part of social transformations, which often occur during war and revolutions. Drawing on the anthropology of friendship and social theory, I demonstrate how new zones of social gravity were created in beautiful friendships challenging the neo-liberalism and authoritarianism of Ba’athist regime and installing social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate older adults’ perceptions of the age-friendliness of Busan. A total of 1000 older adults were recruited sampled using stratified random methods. The respondents in the study showed relatively low levels of age-friendliness in civic participation and employment, social participation, communication and information, respect and social inclusion, and housing. However, the levels of age-friendliness for community support and health, outdoor spaces and buildings, and transportation were comparatively high. Based on the findings of this study, several implications for urban policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses his friend and a scholar Sheng-Xun, with a particular focus on his death as reported to him by Sheng-Xun's best friend and his colleague Shu-fen. Other topics addressed include the reason of his death being carbon monoxide poisoning, his visit to RefengXueshu Youth Forum, and Sheng-Xun's best friends Xiao-ming, Sun Xu, and Shu-fen.

The importance of ethnicity/race for adolescents' identity (i.e., centrality), and how that importance changes over time, may in part be a function of the social contexts that they inhabit. Although centrality has shown to be an adaptive component of ethnic/racial identity, little is known about how centrality changes during adolescence in relation to these social contexts. The current study examined the role of same-ethnic/racial peers and friends in the longitudinal development of ethnic/racial identity centrality. Drawing on four waves of data over 2 years collected with a diverse sample of 350 adolescents ( M = 15.2; 69 % female), the findings indicated that when adolescents had a greater proportion of same-ethnic/racial friends, they reported feeling that their ethnic/racial identity was more central to their sense of self six months later. However, this effect was strongest among adolescents with a low proportion of same-ethnic/racial peers in school, and weakest among adolescents with a high proportion of same-ethnic/racial peers in school. The implications of these findings for our understanding of the joint effects of peer and friend diversity in relation to ethnic/racial identity are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the disconnection that exists between the number of friends and relationships people maintain in their face-to-face interactions and the number of connections people establish on social networking sites. Specifically, we examined the extent to which Facebook users “friend” people they dislike and find annoying on Facebook and the reasons people offer for engaging in these seemingly nonintuitive behaviors. The results indicate that, in a sample of college students (N = 305), the majority of Facebook users are friends with people they dislike on Facebook (61%) and actively read the postings of individuals even though they find their postings annoying (85%). Participants’ sex, intensity of Facebook use, and general relational anxiety all independently predicted the occurrence of friending disliked others and actively reading annoying postings. A uses and gratifications framework was adopted to develop a typology of reasons why people engage in these behaviors. Monitoring, surveillance, downward social comparison, and other explanations were provided by participants to account for their behavior on Facebook. How engaging in these online behaviors might affect the psychological well-being of individuals and quality of interpersonal relationships is discussed, and future directions for research are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The presents the case study on the multi-religious engagement in peace-building and conflict solution in Ambon island in Eastern Indonesia where clashes between Muslims and Christians took place from 1999-2004. Topics include the collaboration of religious leaders Jacky Manuputty and Ustadz Abidin Wakano, the various factors which serve as root for the religions' conflict, and the provocation of peace through friendship and social media.

This study examined how social self-efficacy and the way friendships are maintained influenced adaptation to university life and friendship satisfaction. A questionnaire was administered to 119 female university students during July 2011 in Japan. In the first procedure, the correlation between situational change and selectiveness in friendships, social self-efficacy, university adjustment and friendship satisfaction was examined. In the second procedure, the cluster analysis was conducted to integrate situational change and selectiveness in friendships and social self-efficacy. The results showed that students who changed their attitudes based on their friends and those who selected friends based on situational change did not trust their friends, nor did they feel that they were trusted by friends. However, according to the results of the cluster analysis, students who had both characteristics of selectiveness and high social skills did not feel uncomfortable in university life. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article offers a contribution to the broader theoretical goal of increasing our systematic understanding of the social mechanisms that underlie collective behavior. Specifically, we ask how it is possible that equity can arise in a market situation. Even though fair outcomes can be observed across a wide range of social situations that are not centrally coordinated, we argue that there is scant understanding of how these outcomes are facilitated and what impact they have on interaction patterns. We use experimental game theory to test two mechanisms of preferential association, which is defined as a situation where there is competition for partners and in which two actors have a preference for each other. The first mechanism, committed partnership, is abundant in social life and is exemplified by friendships. The second mechanism, competitive altruism, is the intuitive idea that to secure a desirable matching, one must display desirable behavior. To test the mechanisms, we use a laboratory experiment in which participants play a version of the well-known repeated Ultimatum Game. In our version of the game, players either (a) play each other randomly, (b) according to reputation, or (c) according to preferential association in which players are matched according to a preferred ranking of past player histories. The results suggest that fairness can arise from the reduced risk associated with committing to a desirable partner. This is a study of micro-to-micro mechanisms, investigating the micro-level conditions that produce a particular type of social action, namely, a sustainable equitable division of offerings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethical dimensions of friendship have rarely been explicitly addressed as aspects of friendship quality in studies of children's peer relationships. This study identifies aspects of moral virtue significant for friendship, as a basis for empirically investigating the role of ethical qualities in children's friendship assessments and aspirations. We introduce a eudaimonic conception of friendship quality, identify aspects of moral virtue foundational to such quality, review and contest some grounds on which children have been regarded as not mature enough to have friendships that require virtue, and report a qualitative study of the friendship assessments and aspirations of children aged nine and ten (n = 83). In focus group sessions conducted in ten schools across Great Britain, moral qualities figured prominently in children's assessments of friendship quality. The findings provide evidence of children having friendships exhibiting mutual respect, support, and valuing of each other's good character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the short story "A Private Experience" by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. The author discusses neighborliness experiencing complexities while defining self and others' similarities and differences; helping neighbors by listening their problems carefully and narrative structure of literature emphasizing ethical aspects of neighborhoods.

An interview with Archbishop Anthony Fisher is presented. Topics discussed by Fisher during the interview include his understanding of health care and healing profession after his hospital discharge, his insight on suffering, and his observations on the deepening of friendship and relationships between people.

College students’ friendship networks are associated with specific social and academic benefits, and their friends are both resources and liabilities in academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores a particular consequence of migration, which is the need to make new friends in a new country. Migration scholars tend to ignore the process of making friends, when this can be a key challenge to integrating in a new society. We draw on semi-structured interviews with professional migrants to Australia, from a range of different countries, to explore how using non-native language impacted on new friendships. In particular, using the sociological lens of ‘facework’, we show how humour was used during new friendships with English speakers [Goffman, E. 1969.Where the Action Is: Three Essays. London: Allen Lane]. Non-native language confidence impacted on informal socialising because migrants encountered challenges using humour with new friends. This led to feelings of embarrassment, which had to be emotionally managed. Despite speaking good English, these non-native English language migrants can still face language challenges in informal settings. As the migrant's length of time in Australia increased, language confidence improved, however, there were still barriers when using humour. Whilst analysis is specific to Australia, given the increased numbers of professional migrants globally, further investigation is needed to explore if non-native English migrants to other similar cultures such as England, the USA, or Canada also experience such barriers to integration at local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The friendship paradox is the phenomenon that in social networks, people on average have fewer friends than their friends do. The generalized friendship paradox is an extension to attributes other than the number of friends. The friendship paradox and its generalized version have gathered recent attention due to the information they provide about network structure and local inequalities. In this paper, we propose several measures of nodal qualities which capture different aspects of their activities and influence in online social networks. Using these measures we analyse the prevalence of the generalized friendship paradox over Twitter and we report high levels of prevalence (up to over 90% of nodes). We contend that this prevalence of the friendship paradox and its generalized version arise because of the hierarchical nature of the connections in the network. This hierarchy is nested as opposed to being star-like. We conclude that these paradoxes are collective phenomena not created merely by a minority of well-connected or high-attribute nodes. Moreover, our results show that a large fraction of individuals can experience the generalized friendship paradox even in the absence of a significant correlation between degrees and attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friendship, sociologists suggest, is defined by institutionalized rules to a lesser degree than other important relationships. Hence it must be sustained through specific friendship-making practices. Social science literature tends to conceptualize friendship as enhancing the pleasures of alcohol use rather than as central to friendship production. This article examines alcohol as a technology in contemporary young adults’ friendship-making. Interviews with 60 drinkers aged 18–24 years in Melbourne, Australia demonstrate that drinking builds intimacy, particularly when similar levels of intoxication are achieved. Fear in night-time entertainment precincts underlines trust in friends. To manage uncertainty about responsibilities involved in friendship, young adults negotiate how they will care for each other when they are drunk. Providing this care occasionally jeopardizes friendship, in different ways for women and men. Understanding the import of friendship-making in alcohol use helps explain the persistence of heavy drinking and suggest opportunities for harm reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although most children establish friendships by pre-school age, children with intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD) often experience difficulties doing so. The literature identifies several characteristics associated with friendships of typically developing children that describe the ways children form and maintain friendships. It is unclear whether these characteristics describe friendships of children with IDD. This secondary analysis of 24 hours of video data from a larger study uses thematic content analysis to explore friendship characteristics of nine children (9-12 years) with IDD based on their own perspectives. Findings support the relevance of these characteristics to the children's friendships, and highlight contextual features influencing development and maintenance of their friendships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on interview material to analyse the ways in which heterosexual ‘couple practices’ interface with friendship practices (outside the couple). Focusing on the qualitative detail of participants’ experiences of friendship and of coupledom, I analyse the relationalities of gender, heterosexualities and friendship. Rather than focusing on gender as a variable in friendship variance, I examine the ways in which friendships ‘do’ gender and heterosexualities. In this dynamic, intimacy is practised by participants as a zero sum game and its distribution is strongly bounded. I argue that this distribution acts to create and reinforce boundaries of ‘friendship’ and ‘sexual couple’ bonds, and I examine the implications of these findings for analysing the relational qualities of the friendship tie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research tested the hypotheses that (a) working-class students have fewer friends at university than middle-class students and (b) this social class difference occurs because working-class students tend to be older than middle-class students. A sample of 376 first-year undergraduate students from an Australian university completed an online survey that contained measures of social class and age as well as quality and quantity of actual and desired friendship at university. Consistent with predictions, age differences significantly mediated social class differences in friendship. The discussion focuses on potential policy implications for improving working-class students' friendships at university in order to improve their transition and retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research findings on how participation in social networking sites (SNSs) affects users' subjective well-being are equivocal. Some studies suggest a positive impact of SNSs on users' life satisfaction and mood, whereas others report undesirable consequences such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. However, whereas the factors behind the positive effects have received significant scholarly attention, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the unfavorable consequences. To fill this gap, this study uses social comparison theory and the responses of 1,193 college-age Facebook users to investigate the role of envy in the SNS context as a potential contributor to those undesirable outcomes. Arising in response to social information consumption, envy is shown to be associated with reduced cognitive and affective well-being as well as increased reactive self-enhancement. These preliminary findings contribute to the growing body of information systems research investigating the dysfunctional consequences of information technology adoption in general and social media participation in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analysis combines phenomenological and sociological research for an investigation of the social relationship of "friendship". From a phenomenological perspective, it focuses on the epistemological basis, on the subjective constitution of the phenomenon of "friendship". The social construction of friendship however, is described from a sociological research perspective with reference to concrete empirical expressions of this specific social relationship. The key for the reflections on friendship is the adaptation of Edmund Husserl's method of phenomenological reductionfor the analysis of social phenomena, based on the argumentations of Alfred Schutz and Aron Gurwitsch. This leads to the assumption that friendship is symbolically constituted with reference to everyday transcendent ideas which substantially define the specific expression of this social relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friendships are prevalent in human societies. However, it is unclear whether people rely on the same strategy to derive support from friends and relatives. In the present study, I conducted a survey to elicit the egocentric support networks of 40 village residents in a Tibetan village in Qinghai province in China. The study showed that the participants reported equal amounts of support from friends and from relatives, and they preferred a shallow strategy over a deep strategy to derive support from friends; they equally preferred the two strategies to derive support from relatives. My study suggests that even if friends compensate for the variation of kin support in quantity, friendship should not be considered as one-for-one substitute for kinship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In studying the interpersonal consequences of social anxiety ( SA), researchers generally have neglected to account for partner levels of SA. Therefore, in the current study, we examined how SA similarity would influence interpersonal closeness and uncertainty during the early stages of friendship development. Fifty-six same-sex friend pairs completed measures of SA, closeness, and uncertainty after knowing each other for approximately 1 month and then again 6 weeks later. Although higher levels of SA at Time 1 were related to more uncertainty, similarity had no effect on closeness or uncertainty at Time 1. However, friends matched on SA experienced increased closeness and decreased uncertainty over the 6 weeks, suggesting SA similarity may become increasingly important as friendships develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the complex effects of faultlines and network ties on team performance. By using panel data from 672 individuals in 148 research teams at a major U.S. university, we find that informal networks serve as triggers and dampeners of faultline effects. Team performance improved when friendship ties bridged the subgroups that were cleaved by existing faultlines but deteriorated when animosity ties breached the same subgroups. Overall, the results highlight the conceptual and empirical importance of (the location of) team members' network patterns when studying how member composition influences team outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the contribution that Durkheim's sociology can make to recent scholarship on the public and political significance of friendship. The concept of political friendship deals with the problem of how anonymous strangers can feel a principled solidarity, such that they recognize each other as moral equals and show a willingness to act in each other's interests. Because the new scholarship on political friendship aims to reveal the social bonds that underlie the political, we argue that this literature will benefit from a deeper engagement with social theory, particularly Durkheimian sociology. A Durkheimian approach reveals how friendship is not just a personal and private bond between individuals, but also a collective representation expressing some of the highest ideals of social relations, including justice, equality, and respect. Ultimately it is these idealized – or better, sacred – meanings of friendship that are driving the current interest in political friendship, hence the need to analyse them. The paper treats Durkheim as a conceptual resource for enriching current debates on political friendship, but it also offers an analysis of his own ambivalent approach to friendship as a way station on the road to broader forms of solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, we argue for the usefulness of relational event network analysis to study online communication networks. Unlike other network analytic techniques that require online communication data to be summarized prior to analysis, relational event network analysis uses un-summarized time-stamped data to track the dynamic evolution of communication networks. To illustrate, we use relational event network analysis to analyze the evolution of a communication network within the virtual worldSecond Life. Results suggest that there are different patterns of communication among nonfriends and friends within the network. Nonfriends tend to communicate with those they have communicated with in the past, reciprocate communication, and close communication triads. Friends tend not to communicate with those they have communicated with in the past, instead preferring to reciprocate communication and close triads. We discuss implications for the study of online communication and identify directions for future research using relational event network analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A four-wave longitudinal study examined how relational-interdependent self-construal (RISC) or the tendency to think of one’s self in terms of close relationships, was related to cognitions and behaviors within friendships. In same-sex friendships, in both concurrent and prospective analyses, own RISC was associated with perceived friend’s RISC, own relationship supportive behaviors, and own relationship quality. Perceived friend’s RISC predicted perceived friend’s relationship supportive behaviors. Own behaviors predicted fulfillment of own friendship functions, which predicted own relationship quality. In prospective analyses, behaviors mediated the RISC-friendship function relation, and behaviors and friendship functions both mediated the RISC-relationship quality relation. However, the influence of perceived friend’s RISC on subsequent variables was through its association with perceived friend’s behavior, which was associated with own friendship functions concurrently. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]