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This study evaluates the efficacy of the Thiopaq bio-desulfurization system at the Daegu Bangcheon-ri Sanitary Landfill in Korea over 1 year focusing on operational insights and microbial dynamics. The system employs sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOBs) to convert hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in landfill gas (LFG) into elemental sulfur. Key findings include maintaining over 96% H2S removal efficiency despite operational challenges such as sulfur clogging and foam formation. Significant microbial community shifts were observed, with Thioalkalibacter halophilus remaining robust, Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii declining, and Halothiobacillus kellyi becoming more prominent, especially during new well installations with high thiol (methanethiol) concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct morphological characteristics of bio-sulfur under varying conditions contributing to process optimization. Our results underscore the necessity for continuous monitoring and adaptive management of microbial populations and system parameters to effectively handle fluctuating LFG compositions and operational conditions. This study provides substantial guidance for enhancing LFG quality and bio-sulfur production in large-scale landfills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the kinetics of microbial cell growth, utilization of organic substrates and methane production in upflow anaerobic filters in two and three separated stages (UAF‐2SS and UAF‐3SS) treating sanitary landfill leachates, under three temperatures (20, 27, and 34°C), fed with volumetric organic loads (VOLs) for UAF‐2SS (1.8, 2.25, 2.76, 3.45, 3.71, 4.64 kgCOD (chemical oxygen demand)/m3/d) and UAF‐3SS (1.7, 2.25, 2.44, 2.6, 3.15, 3.45, 3.5, 4.57, 4.64, 6.31, 11.61, 14.18, 17.48 kgCOD/m3/d). Kinetic parameters were obtained at temperature (20–34°C), pH (8.8–9.1), each one of three stages within the UAF‐2SS and UAF‐3SS reactors containing methanogenic bacteria (Methanococcus sp., and Methanobacterium sp.) and Clostridium sp.: Maximum substrate utilization rate (rm,s) resulted in 102 mg COD/L/h, maximum microbial cell growth rate (μm) varied 102–103 CFU (colony forming units)/mL/h, methane (CH4) production rate (rm,CH4) tended to vary 100–101 mg CH4/d and the maximum production coefficient (Y) varied 0–102 CFU/mL/h/mgCOD/L/h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and ineffective management can cause adverse impacts on the environment (air and water pollution) and human health. Therefore, a sustainable approach for handling MSW is required. This study aims to develop a tool to select the most promising MSW management system using the superstructure optimization technique to ensure that the selected system can achieve minimization of the total annual cost and environmental impacts. This can lead to a multi-objective superstructure optimization problem solved by using the augmented ϵ -constraint method. The developed model is based on the concept of material balance and all potential technologies include anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, incineration, sanitary landfill, material recovery facility and composting. The proposed methodology is applied to synthesize the MSW management system in Warin Chamrap district to determine its applicability. In this research, the composition of MSW includes organics, paper, plastic, glass, and others. The results show that the Pareto-optimal solutions optimizing both total annual cost and environmental impacts can be developed. The MSW management system with the lower total annual cost tends to have the higher environmental impacts and the trade-offs between each objective can be identified so the decision-makers are able to consider before making their decision. Further investigation on sensitivity analysis reveals that the selling prices of products, annual capital cost, and operating cost factors have different degree of impacts on the waste management strategies and total annual cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research demonstrates changes in the behaviors and characteristics of sintered bricks while using industrial sludge ash (ISA) and waste glass (WG) as a replacement for clay in the brick manufacturing procedure. Owing to the limited amount of available land in Taiwan, it is becoming increasingly difficult to locate suitable sites for sanitary landfills, which is a common final disposal method for ash that is produced during thermal treatment in sludge factories. To meet the urgent need for land, the final waste disposal must convert this waste into a new resource. This research investigated the feasibility of using general industrial sludge ash waste, due to its abundance and high potential as a raw material in producing bricks. The result of this study shows that the bricks made from ISA and WG under a certain mixture proportion (ISA50%/WG40%/Clay10%) had excellent industrial potentials, such as compressive strength and water absorption rate. However, owing to the wide variety of components from different sources of ISA, the mixture proportion might vary accordingly. This study also analyzed the incineration index, proportion design, and process improvement, as well as investigating the possibility of increasing the total use of sludge ash as a resource. This study shows the potentials of utilizing wastes as raw materials in industrial manufacturing procedures. Therefore, more wastes can be tested and turned into resources in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an analysis of soil contamination caused by Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb at municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, with a focus on ecological risk assessment. The approach aims to assess how different landfill practices and environmental conditions affect soil contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and associated environmental risks. Soil samples were collected from MSW landfills in Poland and the Czech Republic. The research included a comprehensive assessment of PTEs in soils in the context of global environmental regulations. The degree of soil contamination by PTEs was assessed using indices: Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Single Pollution Index (Pi), Nemerow Pollution Index (PN), and Load Capacity of a Pollutant (PLI). The ecological risk was determined using the Risk of PTEs (ERi) and Sum of Individual Potential Risk Factors (ERI). The maximum values of the indicators observed for the Radiowo landfill were as follows: Igeo = 4.04 for Cd, Pi = 24.80 for Cd, PN = 18.22 for Cd, PLI = 2.66, ERi = 744 for Cd, ERI = 771.80. The maximum values of the indicators observed for the Zdounky landfill were as follows: Igeo = 1.04 for Cu, Pi = 3.10 for Cu, PN = 2.52 for Cu, PLI = 0.27, ERi = 25 for Cd, ERI = 41.86. The soils of the tested landfills were considered to be non-saline, with electrical conductivity (EC) values less than 2,000 μS/cm. Varying levels of PTEs were observed, and geostatistical analysis highlighted hotspots indicating pollution sources. Elevated concentrations of Cd in the soil indicated potential ecological risks. Concentrations of Cu and lead Pb were well below the thresholds set by the environmental legislation in several countries. In addition, Ni concentrations in the soils of both landfills indicated that the average levels were within acceptable limits. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed common sources of PTEs. The identification of specific risk points at the Radiowo and Zdounky sites contributes to a better understanding of potential hazards in landfill environments. By establishing buffer zones and implementing regular maintenance programs, emerging environmental problems can be addressed in a timely manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efforts to encourage sustainable development have brought to attention the use of secondary materials in civil engineering applications. Global experimental data suggest that municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration bottom ash (IBA) can potentially replace natural aggregates in field applications. However, IBA is currently disposed in open dumps or sanitary landfills in India. Assessing contaminant leaching from IBA is crucial to ascertain its options for disposal or reuse. The current study analyzes the mineralogy, chemical constituents, organic content, and leaching of contaminants from IBA collected from two incineration plants in Delhi. The study takes into consideration the effect of particle size, liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio, and pH on contaminant leaching. The experimental results revealed that the leaching concentration of contaminants and organic content of IBA decreases with an increase in particle size. A considerable influence of pH was noted on the leaching of all contaminants except chlorides, sulfates, and antimony. The results further indicate that IBA is suitable for disposal in non-hazardous waste landfills regardless of particle size at its intrinsic pH. However, it is recommended to dispose IBA in monofils as co-disposal with MSW in sanitary landfills can cause the pH of IBA to shift toward the acidic range, which may exacerbate the contaminant leaching from IBA. The comparison of leaching test results with international regulatory standards for reuse demonstrates that using IBA in unbound applications is feasible in paved roads and earthworks subjected to minimal infiltration of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Arqueologia is the property of Revista de Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Compacted clay is often used as a sanitary landfill liner due to its impermeable characteristics. However, compacted clay is susceptible to shrinkage as the temperature changes, which may affect the permeability due to the development of shrinkage cracks. Thus, clay was mixed with polyurethane, a stable polymer, once the reaction was completed. The polyurethane-clay mixture was compacted wet of the optimum moisture content and monitored through several moisture contents using direct measurement of the specimen diameter by Vernier caliper. The study inferred that the ratio of the lateral shrinkage of the compacted polyurethane-clay mixture is significantly less than that of the clay specimen with the same initial void ratio. Hence, the changes in the soil structure induced by the addition of polyurethane into the compacted mixture increased the resistance of the soil mass from lateral shrinkage quantified using the free shrinkage ratio. Furthermore, the regression model of the free shrinkage ratio for a wide variety of moisture content was also presented for the compacted polyurethane clay and compacted clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 95% of urban solid waste worldwide is disposed of in landfills. About 14 million metric tonnes of this municipal solid waste are disposed of in landfills every year in Malaysia, illustrating the importance of landfills. Landfill leachate is a liquid that is generated when precipitation percolates through waste disposed of in a landfill. High concentrations of heavy metal(loid)s, organic matter that has been dissolved and/or suspended, and inorganic substances, including phosphorus, ammonium, and sulphate, are present in landfill leachate. Globally, there is an urgent need for efficient remediation strategies for leachate-metal-contaminated soils. The present study expatiates on the physicochemical conditions and heavy metal(loid)s' concentrations present in leachate samples obtained from four landfills in Malaysia, namely, Air Hitam Sanitary Landfill, Jeram Sanitary landfill, Bukit Beruntung landfill, and Taman Beringin Landfill, and explores bioaugmentation for the remediation of leachate-metal-contaminated soil. Leachate samples (replicates) were taken from all four landfills. Heavy metal(loids) in the collected leachate samples were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The microbial strains used for bioaugmentation were isolated from the soil sample collected from Taman Beringin Landfill. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to analyze heavy metal(loid)s in the soil, prior to the isolation of microbes. The results of the present study show that the treatments inoculated with the isolated bacteria had greater potential for bioremediation than the control experiment. Of the nine isolated microbial strains, the treatment regimen involving only three strains (all Gram-positive bacteria) exhibited the highest removal efficiency for heavy metal(loid)s, as observed from most of the results. With regard to new findings, a significant outcome from the present study is that selectively blended microbial species are more effective in the remediation of leachate-metal-contaminated soil, in comparison to a treatment containing a higher number of microbial species and therefore increased diversity. Although the leachate and soil samples were collected from Malaysia, there is a global appeal for the bioremediation strategy applied in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the COD, NH3-N and turbidity disposal efficiencies from leachate in the Bingöl landfill and highlight the electrocoagulation (EC) process's performance in removing these pollutants. After establishing that landfill leachate was intermediate aged, its characteristics were identified using physical, chemical and elemental analyses. Six parallel-connected electrode plates with stainless steel as the cathode and aluminium as the anode were used to construct an electrocoagulation cell. After a 40-min treatment interval, the optimal disposal efficiencies for COD and turbidity from the leachate were determined to be 87% and 62%, respectively, at pH 5. Following a 40-min reaction, BOD5 concentration and BOD5/COD ratio were determined to be 85.75 mg O2/L and 0.64, respectively, at pH 5. At a NaCl concentration of 10 mM, the optimum disposal efficiency for NH3-N was determined to be 33%. The reaction kinetics matched pseudo-first-order (PFO) kinetics due to high correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.93–0.99) in removing COD, NH3-N and turbidity under different experimental conditions. The optimal reaction rate constants were determined as 2.93 × 10−2 min−1, 1.92 × 10−2 min−1 and 7.3 × 10−3 min−1 for the disposal of COD, NH3-N and turbidity, respectively. Energy consumption, unit energy consumption and total consumption cost rose in the EC process when the current density was augmented from 15 to 25 mA/cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of the urban population in the world and the associated economic expansion have accelerated municipal solid waste (MSW) production. About 40% of the world's waste is disposed of inappropriately in open dumps and/or only partially controlled landfills. Many types of waste are mixed and disposed without treatment in illegal dumpsites or non-sanitary landfills, especially in developing countries such as Brazil. This research aims to identify areas for the implementation of landfills in the tropical climate of the Metropolitan Region of Salvador (MRS), Brazil, which generates approximately 4900 tons of MSW per day. In a first step, geographic information system (GIS) is used to apply Boolean logic to 15 restrictive criteria based on Brazilian legislation. In a second step, locations found to be legally appropriate are ranked with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a multi-criteria decision approach using 11 non-restrictive criteria based on technical knowledge and literature. Results show that 6% of the areas are classified as highly suitable, 16% as suitable, 9% not suitable, and 69% with legal restrictions. The result of this study serves as a guide for suitably siting landfills in the MRS and similar regions in the world, reducing costs and biased assessments potentially implied by empirical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Disposal of solid wastes through landfill becomes more expensive and has shortened the lifespan of the landfill as the generation of waste is increasing rapidly. In addition, the construction of new landfills becomes a constraint due to the lack of sufficient site, rising land prices, and increasing demands. Some factors such as the population growth, less sanitary landfill, and poor management of solid waste led to difficulties in treating large amounts of leachate. Due to the leachate infiltrating into the soil, it can pollute the groundwater and affect the nature that is located around the dumping site. In order to detect the movement of leachate in landfill and to determine the contamination area of leachate, the electrical resistivity method is more suitable to use in terms of cost and time required. The aim of this research is to determine the properties of heavy metal in soil, analyse electrical resistivity method using Schlumberger configuration, and determine and produce the subsurface profile of electrical resistivity mapping for leachate at Krubong landfill. The soil characteristics were determined using XRF. From the result, the highest heavy metal concentration in a sample from Krubong landfill site is barium (Ba) followed by zirconium (Zr), and vanadium (V). The study was focused on the application of the geophysics method by electrical resistivity in survey work using a Terrameter SAS4000 imaging system to produce a subsurface profile of the Krubong landfill. Three spread lines were successfully installed and applied at the site to get the subsurface profile of the site. According to the resistivity result, there are some spots at the subsurface of the site that show the leachate plume. Therefore, the movement of leachate can be determined and will assist in the improvement of landfill management and treatment purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The controlling microplastics (MPs) at source is a management method that can effectively reduce the amount of contamination in the environment. The main source of MPs was landfills that the decomposition of solid waste, MPs has an impact on environmental quality especially the health of humans. This research was investigated of MPs contamination at landfill site in the Muangpak municipality for analysis of MPs quantitative and source apportionment of MPs. The results of the composition of municipal solid waste by quartering method found that biodegradable solid waste was as high as 36.27% followed by general solid waste of 35.97% which was mostly plastic waste and effect the contamination of MPs in the environment. The distribution of MPs in environmental found that highest abundance was 66.44% of leachate sludge pond 1 followed by leachate sludge pond 2 (26.30%), sediment of surface water (3.32%), leachate pond 1 (1.04%), leachate pond 2 (0.80%), groundwater point 3 (0.62%), groundwater point 1 (0.58%), surface water (0.53%) and groundwater point 2 (0.37%). The contamination of polymer types of MPs at higher densities of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) than polypropylene (PP) was found in samples closest to landfill area especially leachate pond more than 90%. The source apportionment of MPs using statistical analysis found that plastic waste has correlated to occurrence of LDPE and plastic bottle waste has correlated to occurrence of HDPE that both types of plastic waste are related to the amount of general solid waste and recycle solid waste increases every year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of heterogeneous Fenton process combined with biological and physical treatment of sanitary landfill leachate has been evaluated. Leachate used in this study was collected from the drainage system of a landfill in Borg El-Arab city – Egypt. As a pre-treatment step, the collected leachate was subjected to ammonia stripping at pH 10.0 for 6 h to reduce the ammonia toxicity for the subsequent biological treatment steps. In this step, over 80% of the ammonia content of the leachate could be removed. Then, the ammonia-stripped leachate was subjected to heterogeneous Fenton process or to aerobic biological treatment. At its optimum operating conditions namely; 37.18 g/L H2O2, 5 g/L catalyst and a reaction time of 4 h, the use of heterogeneous Fenton process achieved COD removal up to 73%. Corresponding COD removal obtained after biological treatment was 68%. To select the best sequence of the treatment steps, the ammonia-stripped sanitary landfill leachate was subjected to two treatment trains. The first one was biological treatment followed by heterogeneous Fenton process; while, the second was heterogeneous Fenton process followed by biological treatment. The highest reductions of the organic compounds and ammonia were achieved after using biological treatment followed by the heterogeneous Fenton process. The use of this treatment configuration achieved total COD, BOD and NH4-N removals of 88%, 84% and 96% respectively. Accordingly, the proposed treatment train can be considered effective in the treatment of landfill leachate and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leachate discharges generated in sanitary landfills contain many pollutants that are harmful to the environment; treatments are scarce and should be carried out better. The use of coagulation–flocculation processes has been one of the most widely used, but due to the complexity of the characterization of the leachate, the dosing strategy of coagulants and biopolymers needs to be clarified. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the doses of coagulants and biopolymers suitable for coagulation–flocculation processes in the treatment of leachates using computational models of machine learning techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANNs); these allow for decreasing the operations of the tests of jars in the laboratory, optimizing resources. Through laboratory experimentation, there are real results of the effectiveness of applying biopolymers in leachate treatments at different concentration levels. The laboratory results were taken as input variables for the algorithms used; after the validation and calibration process, we proceeded to estimate predicted data with the computational model, obtaining predictions of optimal doses for treatment with high statistical adjustment indicators. It is verified that the applied coagulation–flocculation treatments reduce the turbidity values in the leachate and contaminants associated with suspended solids. In this way, the jar tests are optimized so that the operational costs decrease without affecting the results of adequate dosing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable management of landfill leachates remains a matter of important concern in many countries. We used as case study a medium-sized Greek landfill, and we initially investigated the performance of the existing secondary leachate treatment system. The activated sludge process removed chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), NH4-N, and PO4-P by 55%, 84%, 94%, and 14%, respectively, but the effluents did not meet the legislation requirements for discharge or reuse. Afterwards, different management options of these effluents (co-treatment with sewage in the centralized treatment plant, onsite tertiary treatment with reverse osmosis, granular activated carbon (GAC), ozonation, photo-Fenton, or constructed wetlands) were evaluated regarding their operational costs and environmental footprint. The use of constructed wetlands presented the lower operational cost, energy requirements, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, not exceeding 21.5 kg CO2eq/day. On the other hand, the power consumption and the GHG emissions of the other on-site technologies ranged from 0.37 kWh/m3 and 5.56 kg CO2eq/day (use of GAC) to 39.19 kWh/m3 and 588.6 kg CO2eq/day (use of ozonation), respectively. The co-treatment of the leachates with municipal wastewater required 0.6 kWh/m3 and emitted 30.18 kg CO2eq/day. For achieving zero-discharge of the treated leachates, a system consisting of constructed wetlands and evaporation ponds in series was designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal contamination poses severe threats to ecosystems and human health, necessitating effective remediation strategies. Phytoremediation, which leverages plants to remove heavy metals, offers a promising solution. However, this approach remains underexplored, particularly in tropical ecosystems like Malaysia. Thus, this study examines the potential of native plant species in addressing heavy metal pollution, at Air Hitam Sanitary Landfill (AHSL). This location was selected due to it being an urban ecosystem that is susceptible to soil heavy metal contamination from municipal waste disposal and atmospheric deposition. Native plant species, namely Pueraria phaseoloides, Dicranopteris linearis, Cyperus rotundus, Acacia spp., and Melastoma malabathricum were found to grow well at AHSL, thus were selected for this study. The phytoremediation potential of these plant species were determined by calculating their translocation (TF) and bioaccumulation factors (BCF). Based on the TF and BCF values of all the plants studied, none of the plant species were potential phytoremediators. However, four plant species were identified as potential bioindicators of Cd. These species were Pueraria phaseoloides, Cyperus rotundus, Acacia spp. and Melastoma malabathricum. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of understanding phytoremediation potential within challenging environments and its contribution to heavy metal mitigation. By investigating native plant species in AHSL, the research aids in expanding the application of phytoremediation strategies, ultimately fostering ecological restoration, and safeguarding human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chemists & Technologists of Bosnia & Herzegovina / Glasnik Hemičara i Tehnologa Bosne i Hercegovine is the property of Faculty of Science Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sanitary landfills are the most used way to dispose of the garbage generated in the country. In landfills, it is essential to know the amount of waste that is collected and disposed of, as well as its characteristics, such as density, composition, humidity, and calorific value, to design collection, transport, and final disposal systems. This work aims to determine the economic and environmental potential of the methane gas production of generated clean energy in a landfill in Mexico. This work considers standards developed for measuring gases released into the environment. An in situ sampling was carried out in a sanitary landfill in 36 biogas wells using a GA5000 analyzer. The emission of 28,965 tons of methane gas and 83,244 tons of carbon dioxide per day is estimated at the landfill. A negative externality can become positive when the use of solid urban waste produces electrical energy by capturing the greenhouse gases generated in the decomposition of the waste present in the landfill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of solid waste is one of the biggest challenges for sustainability. Aiming at gains of scale, guaranteeing universal access and the technical and economic viability of the services, intermunicipal cooperation has been implemented in several countries, and in Brazil, it presents itself as one of the main instruments of public policies in the sector of sanitation. The main objective of this article is to propose a set of indicators and the construction of an index to evaluate the performance of regionalized management of urban solid waste, applying them to intermunicipal public consortia operating in Brazil. Based on the Delphi methodology, a total of 15 indicators were defined, divided into 5 sustainability dimensions, used for the construction of the Regionalized Urban Solid Waste Management Performance Index (IDGRSU). In Brazil, the performance of regionalized management was classified as Regular for most of the operating consortia analysed. The adequacy of the final disposal in regional sanitary landfills is the common practice among the municipalities, and consequently, the reduction of the areas of dumps represents the main advance in the management. The index developed proved to be an important instrument to support municipalities and consortia for waste management, contributing to the implementation of sustainable strategies and to the development of policies, and its application in other countries is feasible, regardless of the size of the municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major objective of the experimental lab investigation was to produce eco-friendly sustainable roller compacted concrete (RCC) by reducing cement content once using demolition waste material. The best method of disposing of waste demolition without needing for a sanitary landfill was by accumulating, crushing and then blending to a high fineness powder, followed by using it in materials such as clay bricks, marble tiles, and glass windows. Six RCC mixtures with partial cement weight replacements of 5%, and 10% were made in addition to the reference mixture. To investigate the strength (compressive, flexural and tensile splitting strength), porosity, water absorption, and density were all tested after the production of mixtures. The results of the study indicate that the RCC containing 10% of clay bricks powder enhances the strength of RCC up to 14.78%, 17.96%, and 12.87% for compressive, tensile, flexural, respectively, at 28-days of curing compared to the reference mixture, followed by the mixture containing 10% of marble tiles powder with percentage increase up to 7.12%, 14.44%, and 7.02%. While the glass windows with 5% can be adopted, the results close to reference mixture with slight improvement equal to 0.68%, 2.11%, and 3.22%, and slight reduction when using 10% replacement of cement weight, were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Científica Arbitrada Multidisciplinaria PENTACIENCIAS is the property of Revista Científica Arbitrada Multidisciplinaria PENTACIENCIAS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Engineered capping systems are efficient tools for the safety concept for landfills and contaminated land, consisting of multilayer barriers installed at the top of the deposited waste, even years after its closure. The efficiency of such systems is closely associated with avoiding rainwater infiltration into the waste body, a process that can be assessed and monitored with geophysical methods, such as Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). A surface geomembrane capping of approximately 900 m2 was installed over an abandoned unlined landfill in southeastern Brazil and ERT surveys were adopted to assay the effectiveness of the intervention measure. It was possible to verify significantly more resistive regions below the geomembrane and an increase in conductivity values only at approximately 6 m, at the groundwater level of the area. Thus, the reduction of rainwater input possibly, even in the short term, reduces the moisture content and prevents the formation of leachate sheets in unlined landfills, leading the deposit to be more isolated from the surroundings. Lateral flow affected distances as far as 2.5 m from the capping borders, showing that about 70% of the capped area was effectively isolated from the rainfall infiltration. Therefore, capping contributed to reducing leachate production and can be considered an effective method for mitigating impacts from old unlined landfills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of sanitary landfill in waste management may involve complex processes but has proven to be sustainable and effective in mitigating environmental degradation when the site is properly located. Despite this innovation, waste mismanagement compounded by alarming population growth, increasing urbanization and industrialization had raised much environmental concern in Edo State, Nigeria. Therefore, the present study integrated ten most common and applicable selection criteria with a view to identifying suitable landfill sites with environmental and socio-economic benefits for proper waste management, rational land use and sustainable development planning in four Local Government Areas in the State. The selection criteria used are surface water bodies, land use, land slope, depth to groundwater, geology, lineament, soil media, built-up area, road network and airport location. The Analytic hierarchy process technique was used to compute pair-wise comparison matrix for determining criteria weights while the weighted linear combination method was employed in combining the criteria weights. ArcMap 10.2 overlaid the ten thematic maps to generate a landfill site suitability map. The results of the study showed significant land use dynamics and drastically increasing built-up areas. This rapid urbanization had overtaken all the existing dumpsites which failed to meet adopted standards in the metropolis thereby rendering their locations inappropriate in today's urban setting. Hence, the dumpsites constituted potential environmental menaces with socio-economic and health implications. This study has identified eight potential sites for sanitary landfill which could guide decision makers in formulating effective policies towards sustainable environment, urban planning and water resources development in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population growth and industrial development have led to an increase in urban solid waste globally. Collection and disposal of urban waste remain the biggest challenges that countries face at the moment. Proper management in various stages of production, storage, transportation, and disposal of waste can ensure minimal impact to human and environmental health. There are several tools for evaluating a waste management system; among these, life cycle assessment (LCA) is an important one. This article aims to evaluate the life cycle of waste management in the city of Rasht and prioritize decisions to develop its waste management system. To achieve this purpose, four waste management scenarios were designed. In addition, the life cycle cataloging of the scenarios was done using the IWM‐1 model in order to calculate the consumption of energy and also obtain the number of pollutant emission sources in each scenario. In the next step, the LCA of the scenarios was performed using the Eco‐Indicator 99 index. The results of the study showed that scenario 4 had the most positive effects on the environment, with 40% compost, 25% recycling, 20% sanitary landfill, and 15% waste incineration, based on the index. Therefore, it was chosen as the best option for waste management in the city of Rasht. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1385–1393. © 2023 SETAC Key Points: Efficient scenarios are presented to manage urban waste in the city of Rasht, Iran.Life cycle cataloging in the scenarios is carried out using the IWM‐1 model.Life cycle assessment of the scenarios is performed using the Eco‐Indicator 99 index.Scenario 4 with 40% compost, 25% recycling, 20% sanitary landfill, and 15% waste incineration is chosen as the best option for waste management in the city of Rasht. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Globally, around 1.3 billion tonnes of waste are generated annually, and solid waste management has thus become a major concern worldwide. There are projections of a 70% increase in waste generation from 2016 to 2050 owing to urbanization and the rapid growth of the global population. Estimates indicate that around 38,200 tonnes of waste are generated per day in Malaysia, and this volume of waste is significantly shortening the planned life spans of operating sanitary landfills in the country. Batu Pahat is a district in the state of Johor, Malaysia, with a relatively large population of 495,000 and with no record of an operational sanitary landfill. This study was conducted to identify and classify the most suitable sites for sanitary landfill developments in southern Peninsular Malaysia by means of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is recognized as a competent technique for multicriteria decision-making. The resulting landfill site suitability index map established 33.88 km2 of area coverage as very highly suitable for landfill development, while 353.86 km2 of area coverage was classified as unsuitable. Sites 1–6 were identified as the most suitable for landfill activities. Sites 1–5 are situated in agricultural land areas, while site 6 is in a forested land area; this implies public participation and the adoption of compensatory measures in the event of landfill development in these areas, given their socioeconomic importance. The six suitable sites are all at least 2000 m from rivers: 2000–3000 m for sites 1, 3, and 5 and > 3000 m for sites 2, 4, and 6. The six sites are all > 3000 m from fault zones and > 1000 m from flood-prone areas, meaning that occurrences such as fault movements and flooding will have minimal impact on the operational activities of landfills at these sites. The selection of sites 1–6 as very suitable for landfill development was associated with an overall accuracy rating of 93.33% and kappa coefficient score of 0.92 based on accuracy assessment analysis of all sites. This study will guide the actions of policymakers, city planners, and local authorities toward sustainable and environment-friendly landfill development and operation in Batu Pahat and other districts in the state of Johor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the formulation, calibration, and validation of hybrid and coupled models for the design of upflow anaerobic filters in multiple separated stages were developed for organic matter removal from sanitary landfill leachates. Three novelties were presented, the type of reactor, design models, and kinetic coefficients. The upflow anaerobic filters were separated into two and three stages identified as UAF‐2SS (DI‐FAFS, in Spanish) and UAF‐3SS (TRI‐FAFS, in Spanish). The formulation, calibration, and validation of mathematical structures of hybrid models and five coupled models are proposed for each reactor. The hybrid models are based on the law of mass conservation, with the organic matter transformation component within the UAF‐2SS and UAF‐3SS reactors, being estimated from empirical equations that have been tested in aerobic culture reactors, adapted to the experimental factors, including among these, those under a non‐stationary—advective conditions based on Velz's Law, Phelps's Law, and Monod's equation. The coupled models combine the components of the molecular transport by biosorption and molecular diffusion processes, with adaptations of the Stack's equation and Fick's Law, as well as transformation of organic substrates by biomass, whose kinetic coefficients contribute to explain the fraction, in which, the processes of mobility and biochemical transformation of the organic matter are occurring in the biomass within the bioreactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced thermoplastic and thermoset composites are on the rise for research and new technologies, consequently, the use by many industries for applications in diverse areas. The principal methodologies and technologies for reusing and recycling these composites and possible applications are reviewed based on available in the information in the existing scientific literature. This review aims to present the possibilities of recycling, reuse and application of these composites reinforced with CF. The composites show a high added value due to the cost of the raw material and the technology involved in its development, which deserves attention for its possible recycling, and thus, and closed-loop economy. Given the current concern for the environment, the future disposal of waste based on CF reinforced thermoplastic and thermoset composites deposited in sanitary landfills and incinerated are unlikely to continue. It is expected that with the new carbon-fiber reinforced-polymer (CFRP) waste management guidelines, most industries, and scientific research will develop viable and profitable methodologies for the reuse and recycling of this waste and that can be inserted into the economy for the manufacture of new components for the most diverse sectors automotive industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of reducing the high weight of reactive powder concrete (RPC) by decreasing the cement content using waste demolished building material to produce the eco-friendly sustainable RPC was the main goal of the experimental lab investigation. The collecting, crushing and grinding to high fineness powder waste of clay brick, window glass and terrazzo tile constituted the best way to dispose without the need for a waste sanitary landfill. Nine RPC mixtures with 5, 10 and 15% partial replacement of cement weight in addition to control mix were prepared to investigate the strength. The slight enhancement strength of the RPC containing 5% of very fine powder clay brick or window glass or terrazzo tile as cement weight replacement cement up to (4.9, 4.2, 4.5)% - brick, (2, 1.8, 1.6)% - glass and (1.5, 0.5, 0.8)% - tile for (compressive - flexural - tensile), respectively, at 28 days compared to the control mix. The percentage of 10% still yielded acceptable strength results, while 15% presented the starting of reduction of (compressive - flexural - tensile) strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of sanitary landfill leachate (LLe) is a complex and highly polluted wastewater with variable composition and high organic and inorganic contents. Continuous flow electrochemical processes have emerged as promising alternatives for effective and sustainable treatment. A laboratory-scale continuous flow electrocoagulation (CECo) process was operated without heating the reactor on LLe from the Seelong Sanitary Landfill under varying inlet flow rates (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mL/min) and current density (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mA/cm2). The results showed that the Seelong Sanitary Landfill contains stabilized leachate qualities. As the inlet flow rate increased, the color of LLe became less dark, and the removal of pollutants was enhanced. As the current density increased, the removal of COD increased from 20.62 to 27.96%, BOD5 from 23.31 to 38.03%, and NH3-N from 13.25 to 22.11%. The settling velocity and sludge volume index were 1.81 m/min and 253.85 mL/g, respectively, indicating the settling and compaction characteristics of the sludge. Excessive high flow rates resulted in hydraulic limitations and reduced contact time, negatively impacting treatment performance. Therefore, it is crucial future research focuses on further refining the non-heated CECo process and exploring synergistic treatment combinations including artificial intelligence to enhance pollutant removal efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Owing to its multiple removal mechanism, electrocoagulation (EC) is a potential treatment for stabilized leachate. EC process variables such as current density (CD) (25–85 A/m2) and types of electrodes (iron, aluminum, and zinc) were investigated for up to 2 h in a 1.1 L EC unit equipped with 10 parallel electrodes. The beneficial addition of up to 0.14 g/L of cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM) was also investigated. Besides chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity, the rarely reported Cu and As removals were also comparatively elucidated. The run at pH 6.7, CD 75 A/m2 for 1.5 h using iron electrodes led to 39%, 43%, and 68% of COD, TSS, and turbidity removals, respectively. At the same time, 59% of Cu and 67% of As were also removed mainly through the flocs adsorption. 0.1 g/L of cPAM significantly increased the removal efficiencies of COD, TSS, and turbidity by 6%, 28%, and 20%, respectively. However, only 12% of TOC managed to be removed due to the limited effect on soluble organics. Due to an effective inter-particle bridging mechanism, cPAM resulted in larger sludge particles (56.8 µm) compared to that of EC alone (25.4 µm). It also supplemented the charge neutralization and improved the adsorption of soluble constituents in the leachate on the tougher and heavier floc particles. Hence, the EC process coupled with cPAM addition was revealed to be an effective treatment option for stabilized leachate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to reduce the dependency of chemicals on fossil fuels has recently motivated the adoption of renewable energies in those sectors. In addition, due to a growing population, the treatment and disposition of residual biomass from agricultural processes, such as sugar cane and orange bagasse, or even from human waste, such as sewage sludge, will be a challenge for the next generation. These residual biomasses can be an attractive alternative for the production of environmentally friendly fuels and make the economy more circular and efficient. However, these raw materials have been hitherto widely used as fuel for boilers or disposed of in sanitary landfills, losing their capacity to generate other by-products in addition to contributing to the emissions of gases that promote global warming. For this reason, this work analyzes and optimizes the biomass-based routes of biochemical production (namely, hydrogen and ammonia) using the gasification of residual biomasses. Moreover, the capture of biogenic CO2 aims to reduce the environmental burden, leading to negative emissions in the overall energy system. In this context, the chemical plants were designed, modeled, and simulated using Aspen plus™ software. The energy integration and optimization were performed using the OSMOSE Lua Platform. The exergy destruction, exergy efficiency, and general balance of the CO2 emissions were evaluated. As a result, the irreversibility generated by the gasification unit has a relevant influence on the exergy efficiency of the entire plant. On the other hand, an overall negative emission balance of −5.95 kgCO2/kgH2 in the hydrogen production route and −1.615 kgCO2/kgNH3 in the ammonia production route can be achieved, thus removing from the atmosphere 0.901 tCO2/tbiomass and 1.096 tCO2/tbiomass, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)