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Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, Nivart, Adele, Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal (2021): New taxonomic treatment for Trichomanes parvulum Poir. and T. dregei Bosch (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae). Phytotaxa 523 (1): 119-125, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.9

Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, Hennequin, Sabine (2021): Correction for the taxonomy of the African fern Hymenophyllum senterreanum as synonym of the newly validated Hymenophyllum mildbraedii (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae). Phytotaxa 522 (3): 263-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.10

The filmy fern genus Trichomanes mainly comprises Neotropical species and a few taxa in Africa and the western Indian Ocean. The aim of this study is to infer the phylogenetic placement of all five Afro-Malagasy taxa in the genus and to investigate their history via an expanded and dated phylogenetic analysis including 39 species representing over half the diversity of the genus. The results support the monophyly of Trichomanes including all the sampled species attributed to the genus, but also suggest the inclusion of the species Abrodictyum cellulosum, revealing a morphological diversity of the genus greater than what was traditionally recognized, and highlighting the importance of the campanulate sorus as a generic diagnostic character. To accommodate those new phylogenetic results and morphological investigations, we describe a new subgenus Afrotrichomanes grouping the Afro-Malagasy taxa (except T. crenatum). The dated history of the genus among the trichomanoids suggests at least two origins for the Palaeotropical species. A recent Cainozoic colonization from the Neotropics towards Africa gave rise to the West African taxon T. crenatum, and a possible Mesozoic vicariance event gave rise to subgenus Afrotrichomanes. The low species diversity of the genus in the Afro-Malagasy region is discussed.

The exceptionally well-preserved holotype of the armoured dinosaur Borealopelta markmitchelli (Ornithischia; Nodosauridae) from the Early Cretaceous (Clearwater Formation) of northern Alberta preserves a distinct mass within the abdominal cavity. Fourteen independent criteria (including: co-allochthony, anatomical position, gastroliths) support the interpretation of this mass as ingested stomach contents—a cololite. Palynomorphs in the cololite are a subset of the more diverse external sample. Analysis of the cololite documents well-preserved plant material dominated by leaf tissue (88%), including intact sporangia, leaf cross-sections and cuticle, but also including stems, wood and charcoal. The leaf fraction is dominated (85%) by leptosporangiate ferns (subclass Polypodiidae), with low cycad–cycadophyte (3%) and trace conifer foliage. These data represent the most well-supported and detailed direct evidence of diet in an herbivorous dinosaur. Details of the dietary palaeoecology of this nodosaur are revealed, including: selective feeding on ferns; preferential ingestion of leptosporangiate ferns to the exclusion of Osmundaceae and eusporangiate ferns such as Marattiaceae; and incidental consumption of cycad–cycadophyte and conifer leaves. The presence of significant (6%) charcoal may represent the dietary use of recently burned conifer forest undergoing fern succession, early evidence of a fire succession ecology, as is associated with many modern large herbivores.

The aquatic fern Pilularia americana A. Braun is known from several countries in South and North America. Here we provide a first report of this species for Peru, from 2 localities in the Ancash and Ayacucho regions (central Peru), which confirm its presence in the national flora.

Genome size is known to correlate with a number of traits in angiosperms, but less is known about the phenotypic correlates of genome size in ferns. We explored genome size variation in relation to a suite of morphological and ecological traits in ferns. Thirty-six fern taxa were collected from wild populations in Ontario, Canada. 2C DNA content was measured using flow cytometry. We tested for genome downsizing following polyploidy using a phylogenetic comparative analysis to explore the correlation between 1Cx DNA content and ploidy. There was no compelling evidence for the occurrence of widespread genome downsizing during the evolution of Ontario ferns. The relationship between genome size and 11 morphological and ecological traits was explored using a phylogenetic principal component regression analysis. Genome size was found to be significantly associated with cell size, spore size, spore type, and habitat type. These results are timely as past and recent studies have found conflicting support for the association between ploidy/genome size and spore size in fern polyploid complexes; this study represents the first comparative analysis of the trend across a broad taxonomic group of ferns.

We present a family-level classification for the eupolypod II clade of leptosporangiate ferns, one of the two major lineages within the Eupolypods, and one of the few parts of the fern tree of life where family-level relationships were not well understood at the time of publication of the 2006 fern classification by Smith & al. Comprising over 2500 species, the composition and particularly the relationships among the major clades of this group have historically been contentious and defied phylogenetic resolution until very recently. Our classification reflects the most current available data, largely derived from published molecular phylogenetic studies. In comparison with the five-family (Aspleniaceae, Blechnaceae, Onocleaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Woodsiaceae) treatment of Smith & al., we recognize 10 families within the eupolypod II clade. Of these, Aspleniaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Blechnaceae, and Onocleaceae have the same composition as treated by Smith & al. Woodsia- ceae, which Smith & al. acknowledged as possibly non-monophyletic in their treatment, is circumscribed here to include only Woodsia and its segregates; the other "woodsioid" taxa are divided among Athyriaceae, Cystopteridaceae, Diplaziopsidaceae, Rhachidosoraceae, and Hemidictyaceae. We provide circumscriptions for each family, which summarize their morphological, geographical, and ecological characters, as well as a dichotomous key to the eupolypod II families. Three of these families— Diplaziopsidaceae, Hemidictyaceae, and Rhachidosoraceae—were described in the past year based on molecular phylogenetic analyses; we provide here their first morphological treatment.

In Dubuisson et al. (2017), Trichomanes foeniculaceum (Hooker 1845: 135) is cited as a heterotypic synonym of Abrodictyum parviflorum (Poiret 1808: 83) Bauret & Dubuisson (2017: 211), which was newly combined and proposed as the valid name of Abrodictyum meifolium (Bory ex Willdenow 1810: 509, 510) Ebihara & Dubuisson (2006: 144), a widespread species in the western Indian Ocean. The proposed authorship for T. foeniculaceum in Dubuisson et al. (2017) (i.e., Hooker 1845: 135) was in accordance with the Tropicos database (www.tropicos.org; as consulted in 2017) and Roux (2009). However, the valid author is actually Bory ex Willdenow (1810: 511), as also reported in IPNI (www.ipni.org) and by Tardieu-Blot (2008). We propose thus hereafter the corrected taxonomy for A. parviflorum including T. foeniculaceum as a synonym.

Evidence for a southern South American lineage of polygrammoid ferns was inferred from analyses using four cpDNA markers. The lineage corresponds to the genus Synammia, which has usually been treated as a synonym of the polyphyletic genus Polypodium. Seven specimens of two of the three recognized species were sampled to infer the phylogenetic relationships of this lineage to other polygrammoid ferns and the diversity within this lineage. All approaches found Synammia clearly separated from other polygrammoid ferns, but the exact relationships are still unclear. Model-based methods recovered Synammia as sister to a mainly Neotropical clade of polygrammoid ferns, but support for this hypothesis was provided only by Bayesian inference of phylogeny. The deletion of nearly the whole rps4-trnS IGS is a synapomorphy of Synammia. The lineage is separated from other extant polygrammoid ferns, but very low to zero sequence diversity was found among the seven samples of Synammia. The results strongly suppor...

International audience; Recent studies on both genera Abrodictyum and Trichomanes (Hymenophyllaceae) in western Indian Ocean (Madagascar and neighbouring islands) resolved many taxonomic problems and led to the identification of new species. We propose here to finalize the taxonomic revision of both genera for the region, by completing and combining an expanded rbcL molecular phylogeny with morphological investigations and field observations on all the recognized species. Our results confirm the distinction of the supposedly six species of Abrodictyum and three species of Trichomanes. They also reveal the polyphyly of the highly polymorphic A. meifolium. Additional investigations on A. meifolium suggest the existence of at least two distinct taxa: the true highly variable and widespread A. meifolium which is renamed A. parviflorum comb. nov. and the newly described A. cylindratum sp. nov. restricted to Madagascar. A key and updated descriptions (including new diagnostic characters for A. tamarisciforme) are provided for the seven Abrodictyum and three Trichomanes species present in the western Indian Ocean.

The first treatment of the Argentinian representatives of Diplazium (Athyriaceae) is presented. In the country, the genus is represented by eight species, all of which inhabit the Yungas and Parana rainforests. Identification keys, comments, illustrations, and ecological remarks for the species are presented. Diplazium divergens, D. moccennianum, and D. turgidum constitute novelties for the Argentinian flora. Diplazium divergens occurs in Yungas, and D. moccennianum and D. turgidum in Parana forest. These species are described and illustrated. Diplazium divergens is lectotypified and D. striatum is excluded from Argentinian flora. Fil: Arana, Marcelo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; Argentina Fil: Mynssen, Claudine M.. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Ponce, Marta Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentina

The taxonomy of the genus Abrodictyum is complex, with many species showing similar gross morphology, especially those supposedly related to A. rigidum. Morphological and morphometric comparisons were performed on Neotropical A. rigidum specimens, African specimens first attributed to A. rigidum and two supposedly new distinct Abrodictyum species from the western Indian Ocean. All species share similar gross morphology and therefore are often confused in the wild and in herbarium collections. Morphological and morphometric analyses have not led us to the discrimination of distinct taxa or morpho-groups, except for one of the two supposedly new species, which appears to be endemic to Madagascar and shows some differences in frond shape, frond division and the indusium. Molecular analyses nevertheless confirm the distinctiveness of the Malagasy endemic new species, and the clustering of African A. rigidum with the second supposedly new species, both new taxa being consequently distinct from true Neotropical A. rigidum . We describe thus two new species: Abrodictyum pseudorigidum sp. nov. , which is widespread in tropical Africa and in the western Indian Ocean and forms with true A. rigidum a pair of cryptic species, and Abrodictyum franceae sp. nov. endemic to Madagascar.

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