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• The failure analysis and structural optimization of rail vehicle throughway support structure abnormal cracking are investigated. • The feasibility of the vibration decoupling optimized structure is completely evaluated. • The research methodology can provide guidance for service safety and fatigue life assessment of rail vehicle components. In this paper, the failure analysis and structural optimization of a new type of digital rail vehicle throughway support bracket with abnormal cracking are investigated. This paper addresses the failure case of a new digital rail vehicle throughway bracket. From the simulation point of view and the vibration test point of view of the service line, it verifies and reproduces the reasons for the fatigue fracture failure of the original through-channel bracket structure. The fatigue fracture failure of the throughway bracket is caused by external excitation. The shortcomings of the optimized structure of the through-channel support filled with steel plates are explained from the simulation point of view and the fracture mechanics damage tolerance theory. The feasibility of the vibration decoupling optimized structure is completely evaluated from the service line perspective and simulation perspective, and the results show that the service environment load of the vehicle meets the life requirements, and the research method can provide guidance for the service safety and fatigue life assessment of other components of the new type of digital rail vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides information on various Early Renaissance artists. It includes brief descriptions and images of their notable works. The artists mentioned include Donatello, Paolo Uccello, Masaccio, Fra' Filippo Lippi, Antonello da Messina, Andrea Mantegna, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Andrea del Verrocchio, Sandro Botticelli, and Luca Signorelli. Each artist's background and contributions to the Italian Renaissance are briefly discussed. [Extracted from the article]

In the Bramante's church of Santa Maria Presso San Satiro, a successful integration between architecture and perspective solves the lack of space for the choir building. The surprising effectiveness of the trick that simulates a choir depth comparable to the transept's length was a "Mirabile artificio". Just because of the perceived room, historians tied the church to the debate on the central plan and the development of the building of San Pietro in Rome. The present research elaborated an accurate laser scanner architectural survey and subsequent digital modeling to find perspective variables and verify the original design concept. 3D reconstruction of virtual architecture unveils the point of view of the simulation, confirming the common hypothesis about architecture, despite the different point of view. The digital model highlights metric evidence, which leads to a vantage point that collimates fake choir in nave perspective, identifying the "Mirabile artificio" as a case of anamorphosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient mobility management solutions are essential to provide users with seamless connectivity and session continuity during movement. However, user mobility was not envisaged as one of the early Internet's use cases due to the early adoption of destination based routing and the assumption that end-nodes are static. This has become a critical hinder for providing efficient mobility support. This paper presents the challenges, drivers, and solutions that aim to overcome the drawbacks of current mobility management approaches. Furthermore, it introduces a promising solution that builds on emerging path-based forwarding architectures that identify network links rather than end nodes. Delivery path information is stored inside the packet while forwarding is achieved by performing a simple set membership test rather than the current destination-based routing approach. Mobility management in these architectures simply requires partial recomputation of the delivery path allowing for efficient mobility support over an optimal path. Evaluation results show significant cost savings in terms of delivery paths and end-to-end packet delay when using a path forwarding architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a derivation of linear response theory within polarizable embedding starting from a rigorous quantum-mechanical treatment of a composite system. To this aim, two different subsystem decompositions (symmetric and nonsymmetric) of the linear response function are introduced and the pole structures as well as residues of the individual terms are discussed. In addition to providing a thorough justification for the descriptions used in polarizable embedding models, this theoretical analysis clarifies which form of the response function to use and highlights complications in separating out subsystem contributions to molecular properties. The basic features of the presented expressions and various approximate forms are illustrated by their application to a composite model system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the coming years, green energy generation and effective use of the energy source methods that are renewable energy-based multigeneration systems are becoming more significant because of environmental concerns. This study proposes a new flash-binary geothermal power plant that is united with a steam cycle, a Rankine cycle (RC) with carbon dioxide (CO 2) , a desalination unit, and a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, to generate beneficial outputs, which are power, hydrogen, hot and clean water. To examine and investigate the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, cost ratio, and emission rate of the whole plant and subsystems, thermodynamic, economic, and environmental impact analyzes are applied comprehensively. With this line perspective, the exergy destruction rate of the modeled system's parts is determined. In addition, CO 2 emission rates are investigated for diverse energy generation scenarios. Next, parametric research is executed to research the impacts of changes in some important factors on plant efficiency and cost. The findings of the analysis demonstrate that the amount of the total power rate of the combined plant is found to be 1639 kW, while the hydrogen generation rate is computed as 0.002081 kgs−1. As well, the energetic and exergetic efficiency of the whole plant is figured as 52.01% and 29.45%, respectively. The total cost of the entire plant is found to be 139.6 $/h. In conclusion, the energetic performance of the multigeneration plant is found to be significantly greater than that of the single-generation plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A natural phenomenon occurring in a living system is an outcome of the dynamics of the specific biological network underlying the phenomenon. The collective dynamics have both deterministic and stochastic components. The stochastic nature of the key processes like gene expression and cell differentiation give rise to fluctuations (noise) at the levels of the biomolecules, and this combined with nonlinear interactions gives rise to a number of emergent phenomena. In this review, we describe and discuss some of these phenomena which have the character of phase transitions in physical systems. We specifically focus on noise-induced transitions in a stochastic model of gene expression and in a population genetics model which have no analogs when the dynamics are solely deterministic in nature. Some of these transitions exhibit critical-point phenomena belonging to the mean-field Ising universality class of equilibrium phase transitions. A number of other examples, ranging from biofilms to homeostasis in adult tissues, are also discussed, which exhibit behaviour similar to critical phenomena in equilibrium and nonequilbrium phase transitions. The examples illustrate how the subject of statistical mechanics provides a bridge between theoretical models and experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore different types of perspectives as systems for graphic communication used in art and in technical sciences throughout history by comparatively analyzing them according to their domination in certain cultures and periods of history. Today, the term "perspective" is often used in a brother sense for expressing the possibilities for development of a person or an action, look into the future, an assumption for the order and the final outcome of an action, a happening or state of things. In the field of optics, perspective stands for apparent decrease in size of the represented objects related to distance increase from the person watching. In visual arts perspective stands for the specific way of space representation on a surface. It is usual when the term perspective pops up in a conversation to assume that it refers to the renaissance linear geometric construction of perspective and it is usually regarded as the one that represents space on a surface "correctly", exactly the way that we perceive space in reality. That assumption is incorrect on multiple levels. Optical laws of apparent decrease in size of object in space, as further as they are from us. obviously exist. But these laws are not the only relevant factors in space representation. Furthermore, they are not interpreted completely correct in the linear construction of geometric perspective. Perception on a basic physiological level has not changed since ancient times. People build civilizations on top of previous civilizations and start accepting what they have learned as being correct, neglecting their instincts and repressing their senses. History is full of examples in which the apparent is neglected, even rejected, as a result of us being accustomed to certain conventions and rules based on our education, culture and not on our experience based on senses. A contemporary man perceives what he knows, not what he really sees. That's why it is important to overrule the myth of "correctness" of linear perspective in order to be able to accept the existence of other perspective systems of space representation, and their treatment as equally important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because charge, current, resistance, and voltage are understood based on the perspective of electricity, they can describe various electrical phenomena well, but they cannot explain their origins. Therefore, this article attempts to propose a new understanding of these phenomena from the perspective of mechanics to obtain a feasible way of explaining their origin and to solve problems that cannot be explained from the perspective of electricity. Specifically, this paper attempts to explain the origin of electric charge to obtain a new understanding of the origin of current and to obtain a new understanding of voltage and resistance by explaining the origin of current. Finally, from the perspective of mechanics, the origin of charge can be understood as a manifestation of electron momentum, the origin of current can be understood as a momentum flow, the origin of resistance can be understood as a momentum resistance, and the origin of voltage can be understood as a potential pressure (potential difference) of electron orbital potential. This new understanding of the origin of current from a mechanical perspective can provide a new theoretical explanation for high-temperature superconductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present essay investigates the potential of generative representation applied to the study of relief perspective architectures realized in Italy between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In arts, and architecture in particular, relief perspective is a three-dimensional structure able to create the illusion of great depths in small spaces. A method of investigation applied to the case study of the Avila Chapel in Santa Maria in Trastevere in Rome (Antonio Gherardi 1678) is proposed. The research methodology can be extended to other cases and is based on the use of a Relief Perspective Camera, which can create both a linear perspective and a relief perspective. Experimenting mechanically and automatically the perspective transformations from the affine space to the illusory space and vice versa has allowed us to see the case study in a different light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manifestation of installation art is becoming more and more diversified and closer to the people in the urban public space. It forms an interactive environment with the urban space. This article discusses the relationship between installation art and urban renewal from the perspective of art intervention in urban public spaces. Through the observation, investigation and case analysis of installation art in the city, above all, it summarizes the development context of installation art, then elaborates the intervention strategies and characteristics of installation art in urban public space, analyzes the role of installation art in urban public space, and finally summarizes the value of installation art to urban renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Despite the increase in international research in art therapy, few studies have been developed with a bibliometric approach which describe the situation regarding this area of knowledge. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe and contextualize international scientific production in the visual arts modality in the context of artistic therapies, to offer a broader and more in-depth vision of the structure of this area of knowledge through of a bibliometric analysis of the publications indexed in the core collection of the Web of Science. Methods: This is a retrospective, exploratory and descriptive, cross-sectional study to analyze the bibliographic data retrieved from the databases of the core collection. The analysis parameters included the data corresponding to the production according to type of document, country, journal, and institution. In addition, the main lines of research were located and classified and the subject matter of the most cited articles in each of them was summarized. Four periods were selected, between 1994 and 2020, to facilitate the thematic analysis and offer an evolutionary perspective of art therapy research. Results: A total of 563 works were published, in 250 journals, in the 63 years between 1958, when the first document was published, and April 2021. The annual growth rate was 7.3% with a mean average of 8.7 publications per year, and 83.13% of the published works were articles. A total of 1,269 authors from 56 countries were counted. The mean number of citations per document was 5.6 and the mean number of citations per document and year was 0.6. The main research domains were psychology and/or rehabilitation and the highest production on this topic was concentrated in only three journals. In general, a high degree of variability was observed in the study topics and numerous theoretical and methodological articles. The most used visual arts modalities were in the main drawing, painting and photography. Conclusion: This work did not find previous existence of any bibliometric analysis on the international scientific production in art therapy. In general terms, there has been a substantial growth in the number of publications on the subject over the last decade. However, this research area does not appear to have peaked, but, on the contrary, is still growing and progressing despite its long history in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation research translates into policy recommendations to alleviate the negative environmental and social impacts of urban freight logistics. Multiple stakeholders from the public and private domain, each with different perspectives and aims, compose a local urban freight logistics system, and decide upon prioritization of such policies. Cognitive consensus or similarity regarding the conceptualization of the decision problem across stakeholders optimizes decision quality at the system level but is challenging to achieve. The aim of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of a stakeholder participation approach pursuing cognitive consensus to develop and prioritize urban freight logistics policies. Our approach involves stakeholders from the public and private domain and builds upon the Analytic Hierarchy Process, embedded in a broader action research framework that allows for iterations of the decision-making process. We provide evidence of the appropriateness of the triple bottom line perspective to conceptualize policy outcomes at a system level. We illustrate the importance of the uncovering and sharing of assumptions behind the operationalization of policies given local circumstances. Finally, we find that knowledge exchange across stakeholders causes shifts in priorities established by each stakeholder, confirming the relevance of structured stakeholder involvement in the policy-making process. • The triple bottom line perspective allows conceptualization of policy outcomes at the urban freight logistics system level. • Uncovering assumptions behind the operationalization of policies is vital in stakeholder engagement. • Action research allows fostering cognitive consensus within and across stakeholder groups. • Knowledge exchange across stakeholders causes shifts in prioritization of policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroelectric plants, constructed as modern, industrial, innovative and technological structures of the 20th century, after approximately a century of existence, have become subjects of industrial heritage. Within the article, the interdisciplinary field is approached through the perspective of architectural conservation with consultancies of experts from related disciplines. The study discusses hydroelectric facilities of the past century in terms of industrial heritage focusing on their features, types and elements, investigates the theoretical framework in order to specify criteria for their assessment as cultural heritage, and develops a guideline for the architectural preservation, conservation, restoration and re-use of these structures. The proposed set of criteria and the guideline are applied for 17 selected case studies of dams and powerhouses in Northern Italy. The process and the results of the study are discussed with a purpose of serving as a model for further studies on the preservation, conservation and restoration of hydroelectric plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The folding of tissues/organs into complex shapes is a common phenomenon that occurs in organisms such as animals and plants, and is both structurally and functionally important. Deciphering the process of tissue folding and applying this knowledge to engineer folded systems would significantly advance the field of tissue engineering. Although early studies focused on investigating the biochemical signaling events that occur during the folding process, the physical or mechanical aspects of the process have received increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on the mechanical aspects of folding and introduce strategies by which folding can be controlled in vitro. Emphasis will be placed on the folding events triggered by mechanical effects at the cellular and tissue levels and on the different cell- and biomaterial-based approaches used to recapitulate folding. Finally, we will provide a perspective on the development of engineering tissue folding toward preclinical and clinical translation. Tissue folding is a common phenomenon in a variety of organisms including human, and has been shown to serve important structural and functional roles. Understanding how folding forms and applying the concept in tissue engineering would represent an advance of the research field. Recently, the physical or mechanical aspect of tissue folding has gained increasing attention. In this review, we will cover recent findings of the mechanical aspect of folding mechanisms, and introduce strategies to control the folding process in vitro. We will also provide a perspective on the future development of the field towards preclinical and clinical translation of various bio fabrication technologies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I address the unsolved problem of how the eighteenth-century optical machine generated an illusion of spatial depth and why variations of the apparatus continued to be produced well into the twentieth century when it should have been superseded by technically superior devices such as the stereoscope. I trace, across a diverse constellation of artefacts, design themes and variations that I take as evidence of embedded artisanal knowledge. Optical machine design was inconsistent with eighteenth-century optics, as exemplified by the camera obscura and linear perspective. It reflected an emergent paradigm according to which the forms of the external world are projected by the mind upon incomplete sense data—a process of world-production that philosophers were attempting to explain using metaphors of optical devices like the concave mirror and theater stage. My emphasis on asynchronous progress is a corrective to Jonathan Crary's Foucauldian model of homogenous, successive "scopic regimes." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attitudes are mental representations that help to explain why stimuli evoke positive or negative responses. Until recently, attitudes were often thought of as associations in memory. This idea inspired extensive research on evaluative conditioning (EC) and implicit evaluation. However, attitudes can also be seen as propositional representations, which, unlike associations, specify relational information and have a truth value. We review research on EC and implicit evaluation that tested the basic tenets of the propositional perspective on attitudes. In line with this perspective, studies show that both phenomena are moderated by relational and truth information. We discuss implications for the prediction and influencing of seemingly irrational behavior such as excessive alcohol intake and implicit racial bias. Attitude research was for a long time dominated by an associative perspective that views attitudes as associations between representations in memory. New theories have argued that attitudes constitute propositional representations, which, in contrast to associations, specify relational information and have a truth value. Recent research on evaluative conditioning and implicit evaluation, two phenomena that were originally thought to be underpinned by associations, supports the propositional perspective on attitudes. The propositional perspective on attitudes has inspired new ways to measure, predict, and influence (evaluative) behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study orthogonal decompositions of symmetric and ordinary tensors using methods from linear algebra. For the field of real numbers we show that the sets of decomposable tensors can be defined by equations of degree 2. This gives a new proof of some of the results of Robeva and Boralevi et al. Orthogonal decompositions over the field of complex numbers had not been studied previously; we give an explicit description of the set of decomposable tensors using polynomial equalities and inequalities, and we begin a study of their closures. The main open problem that arises from this work is to obtain a complete description of the closures. This question is akin to that of characterizing border rank of tensors in algebraic complexity. We give partial results using in particular a connection with approximate simultaneous diagonalization (the so-called ASD property). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Hilmi Ziya Ülken's ideas on modernization are discussed with a holistic perspective on certain lines. By making comparisons from place to place, the ground on which Ülken's ideas sit has been tried to be pointed out. Throughout the study, how Ülken's views on modernization were shaped by the analysis he made about the history of ideas is explained. The shortcomings of such an analysis in understanding Turkish modernization have been tried to be pointed out. An hermeneutic methodology was used in the related study. Ülken's demanded modernization method was questioned and it was stated that the form of nationalism, which he claimed was necessary for modernization, could not be explained by general evaluations. At the end of the study, Hilmi Ziya Ülken was defined as a republican conservative portrait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The purpose of this research is to measure incompatibilities between the manufacturing approaches (MA) used by the manufacturing industries, and those used for the off-site construction (OSC) of buildings. The aim is to explore which of these approaches could be integrated into OSC in a precise manner as viewed by architects as well as how this might occur. Design/methodology/approach: An empirical research and empirical cycle (EC) was adopted as a methodological framework to measure incompatibilities. A combination of quantitative and qualitative mixed methods was explored through a literature-based case study of prefabricated houses and cars, nine real-life projects built by the second author's research team and the first-named author's practical experiences of leading these projects, based on a logic framework derived from the authors' reflections of their architectural practices. Findings: The findings quantitatively present the incompatibilities between cars (automobile bodies) and prefabricated houses. Design-related aspects have the most potential for integration (42.3% increment). The key lessons were identified as specific design philosophies and related guidelines for architects. Research limitations/implications: The findings are limited to single types of products (cars) and buildings (prefabricated houses) in particular regions. The key lessons just present a preliminary evaluation of the application of the design philosophies and related guidelines in nine real-life projects to comply with word limit constraints. Practical implications: This study could help architects and other practitioners to locate and target and alleviated incompatibilities between MA and OSC. It could also precisely identify integration shortcomings to optimize decision-making as well as technical pathways for possible and effective breakthroughs. Social implications: This study provides fundamental research as a starting point for further discussion and development. A series of additional in-depth investigations combined with case studies are planned for the future. These could provide alternative study approaches to develop more appropriate architectural design methodologies and more streamlined processes. Originality/value: The research contributes an alternative architectural perspective when measuring incompatibilities between MA and OSC. The results highlight the implications of precise measurement and provide guidance for architects. These facilitate the effective and successful integration of MA into OSC of buildings and promote the uptake of lean construction (LC) in OSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marginal migrant populations, and the Italian response to cope with the crisis. The first section uses different sources of data to highlight social, political, and economic processes, already present in the pre-emergency stage, that contributed to the exposure of migrants to higher levels of vulnerability. The second part analyzes the impact of the crisis and its management in the response stage, focusing in particular on the perspective of front line professionals and migrants advocates. The discussion shows how some attempts have been made to unveil processes that preserve mainstream ideologies, benefiting those who are interested in the maintenance of migratory inflows of migrants with no rights, and some improvements have been achieved. Nevertheless, even if the COVID-19 crisis has created the possibility to make structural problems more visible, and indicated the direction to "build back better," the cultural and structural variables that create a condition of hyperprecarity for more marginalized migrants seem to be unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-powered technology is a novel power supply technology. In recent years, self-powered intelligent products have attracted much interests. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by contact and relative motion, thus providing the possibility of self-powering for electronic equipments. However, TENG-based self-powered technologies are limited by low power output and poor conversion efficiency. In this review, we present the development of TENG-based self-powered systems, with the emphasis on the output power of TENG and how to improve it. Based on the above applications, we propose the idea of TENG-driven self-powered remote robots, providing promising scenarios of small remote robots for land rescue or underwater detection. Due to the limited power output of the current TENGs, there are still some difficulties in driving the robot. Aiming at the problems of low power supply and poor conversion efficiency, we introduce the current attempts to improve the power generation efficiency from the perspectives of mechanical structure, electrode materials and auxiliary tools. We also outline the applications of TENGs as power supply systems in various fields such as sensing, wearable devices, and collecting Marine energy. Finally, we forecast the development prospect of TENG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal architecture is diverse in form and structure, and extraordinarily intricate, often facilitated by the collective behaviour of several individuals. Social spider webs are one such example of animal architecture, robustly supporting the collective colony weight and intercepting prey for the entire colony. Thus, these webs are interesting, yet little studied from architectural and behavioural perspectives. In the social spider Stegodyphus sarasinorum we examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of web architecture and tracked web development in different group sizes through controlled experiments and image analysis. Geometrical parameters including coordination number, and pore size remained constant across group sizes. Silk density was highest near the retreat (nest) and decreased with radial distance for all group sizes. We tested the silk conservation hypothesis, a proposed benefit for the evolution of group living, by asking whether (1) total silk investment increases with group size and (2) per capita silk investment decreases with group size. Our results indicate that while larger colonies produced more silk than smaller ones, per capita silk investment did not decline in larger groups. We propose further investigations into the roles of ecological factors and body condition in shaping individuals' silk investment with consequences for web architecture and colony fitness. • Web architecture of the social spider S. sarasinorum was studied. • Geometric parameters of the web remain constant across group sizes. • Total silk investment increases with group size. • Small to medium-sized social spider colonies do not conserve silk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In European Francophone Western comics, intermediality goes beyond the widely acknowledged visual influences from Western films. The different sections of this article outline in several case studies how Western bande dessinée often translates an intermedial web of pictorial and photographic hypotexts that have been researched to different extents. Finally, this paper explores a neglected perspective on the visual representations of the American frontier in comics: the artistic production of Native Americans, which is very much present in Western bande dessinée. Building on this analysis and following the lead of researchers that have surveyed some of the main historical developments of graphic narratives, this article posits that the critical and historical study of marginalised visual narratives such as Native American ledger art could feature more prominently in comics scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1990s, the relationship between xiqu illustration and stage performance in the Ming dynasty has attracted increased scholarly attention. The conclusions, "performing in accordance with pictures" and "drawing in accordance with performances", have almost become a self-evident consensus in the history of ancient Chinese printmaking. However, if we re-examine this issue from an interdisciplinary perspective of art history and theatre history, we will find that it is a pseudo-proposition raised to meet specific standards. Xiqu actors did not "perform in accordance pictures", which was booksellers' advertising strategy. On the other hand, the problem of "drawing in accordance with performances" is that scholars are eager to establish a causal chain between the similarities of language format, character movements and composition style, but deliberately avoid the inner reasoning of art history. Just like illustrations of other genres, xiqu illustrations in the Ming dynasty were delineations that imitate scenes of life rather than stage performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new exhibition at the Canadian Centre for Architecture (Montreal, QC), Eye Camera Window: Takashi Homma on Le Corbusier, investigates the practice of Japanese architectural photographer Takashi Homma (1962) and his exploration of the intrinsic similarities between windows and cameras in the way they mediate an experience, be it in a modernist dwelling or in a photograph recalling a memory. Homma's photographs focus attention on the 'eye', the 'camera', and the 'window' in the way they shape perspective in intimate form. In a visual interpretation that uses the camera lens as an eye to witness new forms, Homma advances an argument of timelessness, providing intimate architectural perspectives on eternal vistas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the cultural forms of human beings, ceramic murals transcend the dimension of time and space and transcend the single cognition of materialism in the sense of purely material materials. The emergence of computer vision technology has also provided conditions for developing ceramic murals in terms of concepts and technical forms. This article first studies the visual communication language research in ceramic mural art, at the same time comprehensively analyzes the design principles of ceramic mural art, and interprets the visual form of ceramic mural art from the perspective of actual projects in the thesis; then, it boldly analyzes the future of ceramic mural art Development trend. Finally, this article analyzes the composition in ceramic mural art, the graphics in ceramic mural art, the color in ceramic mural art, the scale in ceramic mural art, the lighting in ceramic mural art, and the design principles in ceramic mural art. The experimental results show that there are significant differences in the artistic design principles of ceramic murals P < 0.05 , and there are significant differences in the artistic design principles of ceramic murals P < 0.05 . Therefore, the artistic design principles of modern ceramic murals should mainly follow elegant and prominent forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the mega riverbed-patterns, whose longitudinal and vertical length dimensions scale with a few channel widths and the flow depth, respectively. We perform the stability analyses from both linear and weakly nonlinear perspectives by considering a steady-uniform flow in an erodible straight channel comprising a uniform sediment size. The mathematical framework stands on the dynamic coupling between the depth-averaged flow model and the particle transport model including both bedload and suspended load via the Exner equation, which drives the pattern formation. From the linear perspective, we employ the standard linearization technique by superimposing the periodic perturbations on the undisturbed system to find the dispersion relationship. From the weakly nonlinear perspective, we apply the centre–manifold-projection technique, where the fast dynamics of stable modes is projected on the slow dynamics of weakly unstable modes to obtain the Stuart–Landau equation for the amplitude dynamics. We examine the marginal stability, growth rate and amplitude of patterns for a given quintet formed by the channel aspect ratio, wavenumber of patterns, shear Reynolds number, Shields number and relative roughness number. This study highlights the sensitivity of pattern formation to the key parameters and shows how the classical results can be reconstructed on the parameter space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is through specific genealogies of scholarship on race and coloniality, Indigenous feminisms, and Black feminisms that we can escape the well-rehearsed trope of 'land as body'. Within a comparative hemispheric American studies framework, I consider the centre of struggles over empire and extractivism that show the unravelling of the binary between embodiment and territories. I also consider submerged perspectives and forms of solidarity by those who refuse the material and symbolic infrastructures of racial and extractive capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimation of time depends heavily on both global and local statistical context. Durations that are short relative to the global distribution are systematically overestimated; durations that are locally preceded by long durations are also overestimated. Context effects are prominent in duration discrimination tasks, where a standard duration and a comparison duration are presented on each trial. In this study, we compare and test two models that posit a dynamically updating internal reference that biases time estimation on global and local scales in duration discrimination tasks. The internal reference model suggests that the internal reference operates during postperceptual stages and only interacts with the first presented duration. In contrast, a Bayesian account of time estimation implies that any perceived duration updates the internal reference and therefore interacts with both the first and second presented duration. We implemented both models and tested their predictions in a duration discrimination task where the standard duration varied from trial to trial. Our results are in line with a Bayesian perspective on time estimation. First, the standard systematically biased estimation of the comparison, such that shorter standards increased the likelihood of reporting that the comparison was shorter. Second, both the previous standard and comparison systematically biased time estimation of subsequent trials in the same direction. Third, more precise observers showed smaller biases. In sum, our findings suggest a common dynamic prior for time that is updated by each perceived duration and where the relative weighting of old and new observations is determined by their relative precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption modeling of CNC machine tools is a prerequisite for manufacturers to save energy, reduce environmental pollution, and increase profits. It is of great significance to the healthy development of manufacturing. This paper aims to provide a power model suitable for predicting energy consumption of processing multiple materials in end milling. Firstly, this paper summarizes some limitations in the existing empirical power model of machine tool in cutting state (e.g., the applicability of predicting cutting energy consumption for various materials, the ease of obtaining power model coefficients, and the prediction accuracy of a model). Secondly, the cutting energy is analyzed from the perspective of mechanical mechanics. Combining the empirical and theoretical models analysis, key variables that affect the energy consumption in cutting status were determined. Then, an improved cutting state power model is proposed. The proposed power model is suitable for processing multiple materials in end milling. Thirdly, through experimental research, the effect of key variables on cutting power is discussed, especially its influence on the elastic-plastic term, velocity term, and thermal softening term in the calculation of equivalent shear stress. Suggestions for selecting different empirical power models are also discussed. Finally, the proposed model was verified, and the energy consumption of the end milling process was predicted. The proposed model improved applicability, accuracy, and rapidity to a certain extent of existing empirical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bottom-level weaker position of developing countries industrial clusters in GVCs make them prone to the threats of non-compliance of international standards and power dominance by lead firm in GVCs as empirically evident from the traditional industrial clusters of Pakistan. In the context of sceptical literature on the upgrading of supplier firms in GVCs, this research argues that the GVC analysis is limited because the GVC approach takes a quite identifiable linear perspective because the main actors taken into account are firms along the value chain and the lack of attention to the institutional context within which local firms interacting in GVC are embedded. The main research question is how do the innovation systems at the regional and national level support industrial clustered firms in their ability to upgrade from a position of SUPPLIERS to NODES in GVC through the links with knowledge institutes embedded in ISs and GVCs. This research tests the hypotheses using an empirical study of the ICT clusters of Pakistan significantly agglomerated in the cities of Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi. The econometric analysis of cluster firms' data shows that knowledge links with the knowledge institutes do not support the upgrading of firms in GVC. The policy implications for the upgradation of industrial clusters through the assessment of knowledge links is drawn for the other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Köfels rockslide in the Ötztal Valley (Tyrol, Austria) represents the largest known extremely rapid landslide in metamorphic rock masses in the Alps. Although many hypotheses for the trigger were discussed in the past, until now no scientifically proven trigger factor has been identified. This study provides new data about the (i) pre-failure and failure topography, (ii) failure volume and porosity of the sliding mass, and (iii) numerical models on initial deformation and failure mechanism, as well as shear strength properties of the basal shear zone obtained by back-calculations. Geographic information system (GIS) methods were used to reconstruct the slope topographies before, during and after the event. Comparing the resulting digital terrain models leads to volume estimates of the failure and deposition masses of 3100 and 4000 million m 3 , respectively, and a sliding mass porosity of 26 %. For the 2D numerical investigation the distinct element method was applied to study the geomechanical characteristics of the initial failure process (i.e. model runs without a basal shear zone) and to determine the shear strength properties of the reconstructed basal shear zone. Based on numerous model runs by varying the block and joint input parameters, the failure process of the rock slope could be plausibly reconstructed; however, the exact geometry of the rockslide, especially in view of thickness, could not be fully reproduced. Our results suggest that both failure of rock blocks and shearing along dipping joints moderately to the east were responsible for the formation or the rockslide. The progressive failure process may have taken place by fracturing and loosening of the rock mass, advancing from shallow to deep-seated zones, especially by the development of internal shear zones, as well as localized domains of increased block failure. The simulations further highlighted the importance of considering the dominant structural features of the rock mass. Considering back-calculations of the strength properties, i.e. the friction angle of the basal shear zone, the results indicated that under no groundwater flow conditions, an exceptionally low friction angle of 21 to 24 ∘ or below is required to promote failure, depending on how much internal shearing of the sliding mass is allowed. Model runs considering groundwater flow resulted in approximately 6 ∘ higher back-calculated critical friction angles ranging from 27 to 30 ∘. Such low friction angles of the basal failure zone are unexpected from a rock mechanical perspective for this strong rock, and groundwater flow, even if high water pressures are assumed, may not be able to trigger this rockslide. In addition, the rock mass properties needed to induce failure in the model runs if no basal shear zone was implemented are significantly lower than those which would be obtained by classical rock mechanical considerations. Additional conditioning and triggering factors such as the impact of earthquakes acting as precursors for progressive rock mass weakening may have been involved in causing this gigantic rockslide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A moist General Circulation Model is used to investigate the forcing of the Asian monsoon and the associated upper level anticyclone by land‐sea contrast, net horizontal oceanic heat transport, and topography. The monsoonal pattern is not simply the linear additive sum of the response to each forcing; only when all three forcings are included simultaneously does the monsoonal circulation extend westward to India. This nonadditivity impacts the location of the upper level anticyclone, which is shifted eastward and weaker if the forcings are imposed individually. Sahelian precipitation, and also austral summer precipitation over Australia, southern Africa, and South America, are likewise stronger if all forcings are imposed simultaneously. The source of the nonlinearity can be diagnosed using gross moist stability, but appears inconsistent with the land‐sea breeze paradigm. This non‐additivity implies that the question of which forcing is most important may be ill‐posed in many regions. Plain Language Summary: Monsoons dominate the climate in many regions of the tropics and subtropics, and are characterized by rainy summer and drier winter seasons. This rainfall is crucial for agriculture, among other societal implications, in heavily populated regions of the world. The processes leading to regional confinement of the monsoons are investigated using an intermediate complexity moist General Circulation Model. We find that a linear perspective cannot account for the monsoons; only when land‐sea contrast, orography, and ocean heat transport are included simultaneously does the monsoonal circulation extend westward to India. A similar nonlinearity is evident for Sahelian precipitation, and also for austral summer precipitation over Australia, southern Africa, and South America. Key Points: Monsoons are due to a non‐additive response to three forcings: land‐sea contrast, orography, and ocean heat transportThe non‐additivity in precipitation leads to a non‐additive response of the upper level stationary waves and Asian monsoon anticycloneGross moist stability can account for this effect, but not the land‐sea breeze paradigm [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The incorporation of perspective into art and science revolutionized the study of the brain. Beginning in about 1504, Leonardo da Vinci began to model the ventricles of the brain in three dimensions. A few years later, Andreus Vesalius illustrated radically novel brain dissections. Thomas Willis' work, Cerebri Anatome (1664), illustrated by Christopher Wren, remarkably showed the brain undersurface. Later, in the early 1800s, Charles Bell's accurate images of neural structures changed surgery. In the 1960s, Albert L. Rhoton Jr. (1932–2016) began to earn his place among the preeminent neuroanatomists by focusing his lens on microanatomy to harness a knowledge of microneurosurgery, master microneurologic anatomy, and use it to improve the care of his patients. Although his biography and works are well known, no analysis has been conducted to identify the progression, impact, and trends in the totality of his publications, and no study has assessed his work in a historical context compared with the contributions of other celebrated anatomists. We analyzed 414 of 508 works authored by Rhoton; these studies were analyzed according to subjects discussed, including anatomic region, surgical approaches, subjects covered, anatomic methods used, forms of multimedia, and subspecialty. Rhoton taught detailed neuroanatomy from a surgical perspective using meticulous techniques that evolved as the technical demands of neurosurgery advanced, inspiring students and contemporaries. His work aligns him with renowned figures in neuroanatomy, arguably establishing him historically as the most influential anatomist of the neurosurgical era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A qualitative assessment of fire hazard posed by laminated glass balcony balustrades was carried out through an in-depth analysis of empirical evidence from six (6) past balcony fires with glass balustrades to deduce the type of glass used and understand the mechanism for fire spread in these fire scenarios. Post-fire conditions of these balconies were studied based on their post-breakage integrity and presence of decolourisation/delamination in order to determine the type of glass used in these balconies. A visual observation of the overall fire spread during the fire and extent of damage post-fire was then carried out to determine whether there was a correlation between the type of glass used and the extent of fire spread. It was found that fire spread was mainly driven by combustible materials around the balcony construction as the fire damage on the balustrades was limited to the area in the vicinity of the combustible materials and the balustrade glass did not contribute to the fire. Given the current regulatory framework in England that limits the use of laminated glass in balcony balustrades from a fire safety perspective despite its architectural benefits and structural safety, this study shows that there is no evidence that the use of laminated glass would constitute a fire hazard when used as glazed balcony balustrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's various language learning contexts in which the reflection of English language uses for intercultural communication becomes prominent, the core resources of the language classrooms, be they virtual or face-to-face, are still textbooks. Therefore, the stance taken while constructing the multimodal components in the textbooks would influence whether language learners will develop an understanding of the target language community in line with an international perspective or not. In this vein, our study is a critical examination of (non)-essentialist cultural discourses in cultural representations in the visuals and the texts of English File Fourth Edition Elementary, Pre-Intermediate and Intermediate Student's Books. Taking account of multimodality in both semiotic and social-historical rhetorical senses and acknowledging the pedagogic-didactic nature of the textbooks, we focused on different meaning-making tools like images and texts and the interaction between them within the scope of this article. Findings showed that the textbooks mostly perpetuate an essentialist perspective of culture, favouring "Western", especially British, and American cultural representations, besides some texts addressing neo-essentialist perspectives. The elementary book has the highest number of essentialist texts in which "the West" is described and emphasised constantly, while the preintermediate book, albeit with a few texts from a critical perspective, is mostly composed of neo-essentialist elements. Lastly, the intermediate book can be viewed as the most nonessentialist one among others, since it consists of the highest proportion of interpersonal and intercultural exchanges without a specific reference to a cultural arena that is both predefined and defining in the series, though half of the texts still make a reference to the "Western" countries in the intermediate book as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a class of hybrid inorganic-organic porous materials whose development and applications have been intensively studied. The exceptional surface area, structural variability, the richness of their crystal structures and architectures allow for engineering synergies between metal nodes, functional linkers, encapsulated substrates or nanoparticles for gas adsorption and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, ion exchange, drug delivery, energetics and many more. The present review reflects on the current global pandemic situation associated with the COVID-19 disease and summarizes the applications and perspectives of MOF materials in the fight against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It is mainly focused on selected MOF compounds, their crystal structures, textural properties, possible modification and application in diagnosis and elimination of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review the main features of the QCD phase diagram description, at finite temperature, baryon density and in the presence of a magnetic field, from the point of view of effective models, whose main ingredient is chiral symmetry. We concentrate our attention on two of these models: The linear sigma model with quarks and the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. We show that a main ingredient to understand the characteristics of the phase transitions is the inclusion of plasma screening effects that capture the physics of collective, long-wave modes, and thus describe a prime property of plasmas near transition lines, namely, long distance correlations. Inclusion of plasma screening makes possible to understand the inverse magnetic catalysis phenomenon even without the need to consider magnetic field-dependent coupling constants. Screening is also responsible for the emergence of a critical end point in the phase diagram even for small magnetic field strengths. Although versatile, the NJL model is also a more limited approach since, being a non-renormalizable model, a clear separation between pure vacuum and medium effects is not always possible. The model cannot describe inverse magnetic catalysis unless a magnetic field dependent coupling is included. The location of the critical end point strongly depends on the choice of the type of interaction and on the magnetic field dependence of the corresponding coupling. Overall, both models provide sensible tools to explore the properties of magnetized, strongly interacting matter. However, a cross talk among them as well as a consistent physical approach to determine the model parameters is much needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to provide a description of current trends in art projects management in the system of cultural and creative industries in Ukraine. The methodology is the application of descriptive and definitive analysis, functional analysis, formal characterization while conducting the research for the management and development of projects in the art and culture fields in Ukraine. The scientific novelty consists of the analysis of project management in the fields of culture and arts and the possibilities of applying methods of corporate project management in the cultural and creative industries system, in particular, in the system of higher education in Ukraine. Conclusions. The project is one of the most widely used forms of economic activity. The art project has few specific differences in the system of cultural and creative industries. Project management systems are widely applied to project-oriented enterprises, including in the system of cultural and creative industries, which mostly uses project forms of organization of production processes. The use of project management tools has a theoretical perspective for its application in art and cultural higher education. Further research will be devoted to the possibilities of applying the project management system to the institutions of higher education in the culture and art fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the rise of monumental fascist architecture in Europe and the subsequent devastation of the Second World War, architects struggled to come to grips—via writing and design—with what should follow. In the view of architects, artists and cultural critics, monumentality in architecture and urbanism was no longer tenable—tainted as it was by the fascists' use of classicism, monumental scale, and their proposals for extreme perspectival views in large-scale urban planning. Monuments and monumentality were reappraised, to be replaced by objects that were described as 'things that remind', a concept introduced by architectural critic Siegfried Giedion in his ground-breaking essay 'The Need for a New Monumentality' (1944). This essay examines how monumentality was scaled down and revised in post-war period literature and structures—replaced by the idea of small monuments that 'remind', which offered opportunities for inner perspective. By considering Berlin's situated urban materiality and artefacts, including the Berlin Wall, in the light of such manifestos on monuments as Giedion's, this article argues that post-war Berlin building was often at odds with, even against, perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrea Pozzo's larger, more famous frescoes have tended to supercede his small, 1682 corridor outside St Ignatius Loyola's private apartments in Rome. And yet, the site is more than just a prelude or footnote to his other, grander works in Mondovi, Rome and Vienna. The corridor stands out because it exploits radical disjunctions between perception and belief, subject and frame, and vision and hallucination. The anamorphic elements of the trompe l'œil architecture destabilize and threaten to overwhelm the quadri riportati that track a narrative regarding Ignatius's life and miracles. Pozzo's own publications are largely unhelpful for understanding anything more than the frescoes' technical and geometrical rules. In fact, there is no text that can be used to understand the corridor's "program." But the corridor's frescoes visually and phenomenologically suggest a Jesuit response to Counter-Reformation ideas about truth, sight and miraculous visions articulated through the visual contrasts and juxtapositions of its enclosed representational system. The site is thus a case study for the difficulties Jesuits faced both in distinguishing between different categories of visual phenomena and in policing different responses to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas the fictiveness of narrative perspective is taken for granted in literature, it also emerges as a salient element in the experiences of pictorial art and architecture as part of a viewer's internal response to their altered views of reality. Whether a visual technique or a narrative one for shaping the way things are seen, perspective assumes that the conditions of seeing an object are flexible and open to mental and material variables in diverse historical media and sites. These range from the cognitively provocative trompe l'œil fresco paintings of seventeenth-century Italy, the typographical headings used as chapter divisions in eighteenth-century British novels, and hand-colored eighteenth-century prints of city scenes made to look three-dimensional through an optical device, to the inscribed stones used in post war Berlin monuments, and an art historian's recent perspectives on memories of his twentieth-century childhood home. Concentrating on perspective foremost as a medium and conduit for the imagination, Getting Perspective reveals its transhistorical role in word and image as a shaper and maker of imagined worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the matters emphasized with utmost care in Islam is the Belief in Hereafter. The only sources regarding this matter are the Qur'an and the hadith of Prophet Mohammad. The concept of the hereafter should not be addressed as annihilation or destination, but rather as a new beginning. In a broad sense, the concept of hereafter covers life in grave, reinvigoration, and existence in the afterworld. This study aims to evaluate the ideas of Ebu'l-Mu‘in en-Nasafî, who is the most important Maturidi theologian after Abu Mansûr al-Maturidi, on "Belief in the Hereafter". In this regard, his criticisms and thoughts on this matter will be tackled within the framework of kalam. Several concepts such as the parts, functioning and the conditions of the hereafter will be covered under sub-headings; views of different sects regarding these concepts will be mentioned, and the evaluations made by Nasafî on this subject will be tried to be explained in line with the Maturidian perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]