Search

Three-phase voltage source pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifiers can achieve constant dc voltage and sinusoidal grid currents under ideal grid voltages. However, under unbalanced grid voltage conditions, there are ripples at twice the grid frequency in the dc voltage, and the grid currents become highly distorted. To address the aforementioned problems, control methods developed under ideal grid voltage conditions should be modified. Various techniques have been proposed in the literature to calculate the new current reference or power reference. However, most methods use conventional pq theory and only consider the grid-side power control. Hence, the dc voltage ripples are not completely eliminated. Furthermore, the derived mathematical expressions for reference calculations are usually very complicated. In contrast to current methods, this paper proposes a very simple yet effective direct power control (DPC) method based on extended pq theory. By analyzing the instantaneous extended power of the line inductance, a simple and concise power compensation is analytically derived and added to the original power references. As a result, the dc voltage ripples are significantly reduced, and the grid currents remain sinusoidal even under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. The proposed method is compared to conventional DPC methods, and its effectiveness is confirmed by the presented experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We propose a new interpretation of Peccei–Quinn symmetry within the Standard Model, identifying it with the axial B + L symmetry i.e. U (1) P Q ≡ U (1) γ 5 (B + L). This new interpretation retains all the attractive features of Peccei–Quinn solution to strong CP problem but in addition also leads to several other new and interesting consequences. Owing to the identification U (1) P Q ≡ U (1) γ 5 (B + L) the axion also behaves like Majoron inducing small seesaw masses for neutrinos after spontaneous symmetry breaking. Another novel feature of this identification is the phenomenon of spontaneous (and also chiral) proton decay with its decay rate associated with the axion decay constant. Low energy processes which can be used to test this interpretation are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the Peccei–Quinn symmetry is already broken during inflation, the decay constant F a of the axion can be in a wide region from 10 11 GeV to 10 18 GeV for the axion being the dominant dark matter. In this case, however, the axion causes the serious cosmological problem, isocurvature perturbation problem, which severely constrains the Hubble parameter during inflation. The constraint is relaxed when Peccei–Quinn scalar field takes a large value ∼ M p (Planck scale) during inflation. In this letter, we point out that the allowed region of the decay constant F a is reduced to a rather narrow region for a given tensor-to-scalar ratio r when Peccei–Quinn scalar field takes ∼ M p during inflation. For example, if the ratio r is determined as r ≳ 10 − 3 in future measurements, we can predict F a ≃ ( 0.1 – 1.4 ) × 10 12 GeV for domain wall number N DW = 6 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clockwork axion refers to a family of aligned multi-axion models that lead to an exponential hierarchy between the scale of Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking and the scale of the axion decay constant. The clockworking can bring the Peccei-Quinn-scale particles to within reach of collider experiments.In this work we are interested in whether cosmological observations impose any new constraints on the clockwork axion. If the universe reheats above the scale of Peccei-Quinn breaking, then the ensuing cosmological phase transition produces a network of topological defects, which have a qualitatively different behavior from the string-wall network in the usual axion models. We estimate the relic abundances of axion dark matter and dark radiation that arise from the emission of axions by the defect network, and we infer a constraint on the scale of Peccei-Quinn breaking and the mass spectrum. We find that the defect contribution to the axion dark matter relic abundance is generally negligible. However, the defect production of relativistic axion dark radiation becomes significant if the scale of Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking is larger than 100TeV, and measurements of ΔNeff provide a new probe of this class of models [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of saxion in a supersymmetric axion model and its effect on the axion production is studied in detail. We find that the axion production is very efficient when the saxion oscillation amplitude is much larger than the Peccei–Quinn scale, due to a spike-like behavior of the effective axion mass. We also consider the axino production and several cosmological consequences. The possibility of detection of gravitational waves from the non-linear dynamics of the saxion and axion is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relaxation mechanism, which solves the electroweak hierarchy problem without relying on TeV scale new physics, crucially depends on how a Higgs-dependent back-reaction potential is generated. In this paper, we suggest a new scenario in which the scalar potential induced by the QCD anomaly is responsible both for the relaxation mechanism and the Peccei-Quinn mechanism to solve the strong CP problem. The key idea is to introduce the relaxion and the QCD axion whose cosmic evolutions become quite different depending on an inflaton-dependent scalar potential. Our scheme raises the cutoff scale of the Higgs mass up to 10 GeV, and allows reheating temperature higher than the electroweak scale as would be required for viable cosmology. In addition, the QCD axion can account for the observed dark matter of the universe as produced by the conventional misalignment mechanism. We also consider the possibility that the couplings of the Standard Model depend on the inflaton and become stronger during inflation. In this case, the relaxation can be implemented with a sub-Planckian field excursion of the relaxion for a cutoff scale below 10 TeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Peccei–Quinn (PQ) solution to the strong CP problem requires an anomalous global U ( 1 ) symmetry, the PQ symmetry. The origin of such a convenient global symmetry is quite puzzling from the theoretical point of view in many aspects. In this paper, we propose a simple prescription which provides an origin of the PQ symmetry. There, the global U ( 1 ) PQ symmetry is virtually embedded in a gauged U ( 1 ) PQ symmetry. Due to its simplicity, this mechanism can be implemented in many conventional models with the PQ symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Similarities between the gauge meditation of supersymmetry breaking and the QCD axion model suggest that they originate from the same dynamics. We present a class of models where supersymmetry and the Peccei–Quinn symmetry are simultaneously broken. The messengers that mediate the effects of these symmetry breakings to the Standard Model are identical. Since the axion resides in the supersymmetry breaking sector, the saxion and the axino are heavy. We show constraints on the axion decay constant and the gravitino mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depending on the value of the Higgs mass, the Standard Model acquires an unstable region at large Higgs field values due to RG running of couplings, which we evaluate at 2-loop order. For currently favored values of the Higgs mass, this renders the electroweak vacuum only metastable with a long lifetime. We argue on statistical grounds that the Higgs field would be highly unlikely to begin in the small field metastable region in the early universe, and thus some new physics should enter in the energy range of order of, or lower than, the instability scale to remove the large field unstable region. We assume that Peccei-Quinn (PQ) dynamics enters to solve the strong CP problem and, for a PQ-scale in this energy range, may also remove the unstable region. We allow the PQ-scale to scan and argue, again on statistical grounds, that its value in our universe should be of order of the instability scale, rather than (significantly) lower. Since the Higgs mass determines the instability scale, which is argued to set the PQ-scale, and since the PQ-scale determines the axion properties, including its dark matter abundance, we are led to a correlation between the Higgs mass and the abundance of dark matter. We find the correlation to be in good agreement with current data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We embed Two Higgs Doublet Models (2HDMs) in the Froggatt Nielsen (FN) framework. We find that the approximate FN symmetry predicts i) approximate Natural Flavor Conservation (NFC) of Types II or IV in the Yukawa sector, and ii) approximate Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry in the scalar sector. We discuss the phenomenological consequences of these features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IceCube observed high-energy neutrino flux in the energy region from TeV to PeV. The decay of a massive long-lived particle in the early universe can be the origin of the IceCube neutrino events, which we call an “early decay scenario.” In this paper, we construct a particle physics model that contains such a massive long-lived particle based on the Peccei–Quinn model. We calculate the present neutrino flux, taking account of realistic initial energy distributions of particles produced by the decay of the massive long-lived particle. We show that the early decay scenario naturally fits into the Peccei–Quinn model, and that the neutrino flux observed by IceCube can be explained in such a framework. We also see that, based on that model, a consistent cosmological history that explains the abundance of the massive long-lived particle is realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In supersymmetric models where the superpotential μ term is generated with μ ≪ m soft ( e.g. from radiative Peccei–Quinn symmetry breaking or compactified string models with sequestration and stabilized moduli), and where the string landscape 1. favors soft supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking terms as large as possible and 2. where the anthropic condition that electroweak symmetry is properly broken with a weak scale m W , Z , h ∼ 100 GeV ( i.e. not too weak of weak interactions), then these combined landscape/anthropic requirements act as an attractor pulling the soft SUSY breaking terms towards values required by models with radiatively-driven naturalness: near the line of criticality where electroweak symmetry is barely broken and the Higgs mass is ∼ 125 GeV . The pull on the soft terms serves to ameliorate the SUSY flavor and CP problems. The resulting sparticle mass spectrum may barely be accessible at high-luminosity LHC while the required light higgsinos should be visible at a linear e + e − collider with s > 2 m ( higgsino ) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a scenario of brane cosmology in which the Peccei–Quinn field plays the role of the inflaton and solves simultaneously many cosmological and phenomenological issues such as the generation of a heavy Majorana mass for the right-handed neutrinos needed for seesaw mechanism, MSSM μ -parameter, the right amount of baryon number asymmetry and dark matter relic density at the present universe, together with an axion solution to the strong CP problem without the domain wall obstacle. Interestingly, the scales of the soft SUSY-breaking mass parameter and those of the breaking of U ( 1 ) PQ symmetry are lower bounded at O ( 10 ) TeV and O ( 10 11 ) GeV , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing an explicit connection between the long distance physics of confinement and the dynamical interactions of quarks and gluons at short distances has been a long-sought goal of quantum chromodynamics. Using holographic QCD, we derive a direct analytic relation between the scale κ which determines the masses of hadrons and the scale Λ s which controls the predictions of perturbative QCD at very short distances. The resulting prediction Λ s = 0.341 ± 0.032 GeV in the MS ‾ scheme agrees well with the experimental average 0.339 ± 0.016 GeV . We also derive a relation between Λ s and the QCD string tension σ . This connection between the fundamental hadronic scale underlying the physics of quark confinement and the perturbative QCD scale controlling hard collisions can be carried out in any renormalization scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive the necessary conditions to build a class of invisible axion models with Flavor Changing Neutral Currents at tree-level controlled by the fermion mixing matrices and present an explicit model implementation. A horizontal Peccei–Quinn symmetry provides a solution to the strong CP problem via the Peccei–Quinn mechanism and predicts a cold dark mater candidate, the invisible axion or familon. The smallness of active neutrino masses can be explained via a type I seesaw mechanism, providing a dynamical origin for the heavy seesaw scale. The possibility to avoid the domain wall problem stands as one of the most interesting features of the type of models considered. Experimental limits relying on the axion–photon coupling, astrophysical considerations and familon searches in rare kaon and muon decays are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that strong CP violation from the QCD axion can be responsible for the matter antimatter asymmetry of the Universe in the context of cold electroweak baryogenesis if the electroweak phase transition is delayed below the GeV scale. This can occur naturally if the Higgs couples to a O(100) GeV dilaton, as expected in some models where the Higgs is a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of a new strongly interacting sector at the TeV scale. The existence of such a second scalar resonance with a mass and properties similar to the Higgs boson will soon be tested at the LHC. In this context, the QCD axion would not only solve the strong CP problem, but also the matter antimatter asymmetry and dark matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the possibility of having a non-minimal scalar sector at the weak scale within the framework of invisible axion models. To frame our discussion we consider an extension of the Dine–Fischler–Srednicki–Zhitnitsky invisible axion model with two additional Higgs doublets blind under the Peccei–Quinn symmetry. Due to mixing effects among the scalar fields, it is possible to obtain a rich scalar sector at the weak scale in certain decoupling limits of the theory. In particular, this framework provides an ultraviolet completion of the so-called aligned two-Higgs-doublet model and solves the strong CP problem. The axion properties and the smallness of active neutrino masses are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful models of pure gravity mediation (PGM) with radiative electroweak symmetry breaking can be expressed with as few as two free parameters, which can be taken as the gravitino mass and $$\tan \beta $$ . These models easily support a 125-126 GeV Higgs mass at the expense of a scalar spectrum in the multi-TeV range and a much lighter wino as the lightest supersymmetric particle. In these models, it is also quite generic that the Higgs mixing mass parameter, $$\mu $$ , which is determined by the minimization of the Higgs potential is also in the multi-TeV range. For $$\mu >0$$ , the thermal relic density of winos is too small to account for the dark matter. The same is true for $$\mu <0$$ unless the gravitino mass is of order 500 TeV. Here, we consider the origin of a multi-TeV $$\mu $$ parameter arising from the breakdown of a Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry. A coupling of the PQ-symmetry breaking field, $$P$$ , to the MSSM Higgs doublets, naturally leads to a value of $$\mu \sim \langle P \rangle ^2 /M_P \sim {\mathcal O}(100)$$ TeV and of the order that is required in PGM models. In this case, axions make up the dark matter or some fraction of the dark matter with the remainder made up from thermal or non-thermal winos. We also provide solutions to the problem of isocurvature fluctuations with axion dark matter in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reveal a set of novel decay topologies for the 125 GeV Higgs boson in supersymmetry which are initiated by its decay into a pair of neutralinos, and discuss their collider search strategies. This category of exotic Higgs decays is characterized by the collider signature: visible objects +ET, with ET dominantly arising from escaping dark matter particles. Their benchmark arises naturally in the Peccei-Quinn symmetry limit of the minimal supersymmetric standard model singlet extensions, which is typified by the coexistence of three light particles: singletlike scalar h1 and pseudoscalar a1, and singlinolike neutralino χ1, all with masses of ≲10 GeV, and the generic suppression of the exotic decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson h2→h1h1, a1a1 and χ1χ1, however. As an illustration, we study the decay topology: h2→χ1χ2, where the binolike χ2 decays to h1χ1 or a1χ1, and h1/a1→ff, with f̄f=μ+μ-, b̄b. In the dimuon case (mh1/a1~1 GeV), a statistical sensitivity of S/√B>6σ can be achieved easily at the 8 TeV LHC, assuming σ(pp→Wh2)/σ(pp→WhSM)Br(h2→μ+μ-χ1χ1)=0.1. In the b√b case (mh1/a1~45  GeV), 600 fb-1 data at the 14 TeV LHC can lead to a statistical sensitivity of S/√B>5σ, assuming σ(pp→Zh2)/σ(pp→ZhSM)Br(h2→b̄bχ1χ1)=0.5. These exotic decays open a new avenue for exploring new physics couplings with the 125 GeV Higgs boson at colliders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CERN Axion Solar Telescope has finished its search for solar axions with 3He buffer gas, covering the search range 0.64 eV ≲ mα ≲ 1.17 eV. This closes the gap to the cosmological hot dark matter limit and actually overlaps with it. From the absence of excess x rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of gαγ ≲ 3.3 x 10-10 GeV-1 at 95% C.L., with the exact value depending on the pressure setting. Future direct solar axion searches will focus on increasing the sensitivity to smaller values of gαγ, for example by the currently discussed next generation helioscope International AXion Observatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate viable scenarios with various axions in the context of supersymmetric field theory and in globally consistent D-brane models. The Peccei-Quinn symmetry is associated with an anomalous U(1) symmetry, which acquires mass at the string scale but remains as a perturbative global symmetry at low energies. The origin of the scalar Higgs-axion potential from F-, D- and soft breaking terms is derived, and two Standard Model examples of global intersecting D6-brane models in Type II orientifolds are presented, which differ in the realisation of the Higgs sector and in the hidden sector, the latter of which is of particluar importance for the soft supersymmetry breaking terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We search for a spin-dependent P- and T-violating nucleon-nucleon interaction mediated by light pseudoscalar bosons such as axions or axionlike particles. We employ an ultrasensitive low-field magnetometer based on the detection of free precession of colocated ³He and 129Xe nuclear spins using SQUIDs as low-noise magnetic flux detectors. The precession frequency shift in the presence of an unpolarized mass was measured to determine the coupling of pseudoscalar particles to the spin of the bound neutron. For boson masses between 2 and 500μeV (force ranges between 3×10-4 m and 10-1 m) we improved the laboratory upper bounds by up to 4 orders of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the hierarchically small μ term in supersymmetric theories is a consequence of two identical pairs of Higgs doublets taking a democratic form for their mass matrix. We briefly discuss the discrete symmetry S2 × S2 toward the democratic mass matrix. Then, we show that there results an approximate Peccei-Quinn symmetry and hence the value μ is related to the axion decay constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argue that quantum electrodynamics combined with quantum gravity results in a new source of CP violation, anomalous non-conservation of chiral charge and quantisation of electric charge. Further phenomenological and cosmological implications of this observation are briefly discussed within the standard model of particle physics and cosmology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]