Search

Introduction: Laparoscopy is the standard of care for the management of dermoid cyst. Even though asymptomatic and diagnosed on routine ultrasonogram (USG) in the majority of the times, surgical removal of dermoid cyst is often mandatory due to its complications such as torsion or rupture. During laparoscopy, an intraoperative spillage is an unpleasant event, not because the contents make the surgery messier and but also because of rare complications such as chemical peritonitis and recurrence associated with it. Case Report: We present a rare case of rampant recurrence of a dermoid cyst after laparoscopic salphingo-ovariotomy within 4 weeks of primary surgery, which had intraoperative spillage during laparoscopy and the catastrophic presentation of it because of widespread peritoneal disease. The tiny foci of immature neuroepithelial cells that got missed after the primary surgery also led to the morbidity. However, early intervention and multidisciplinary management adhering to treatment protocols helped in successful outcome of such catastrophic event. Conclusion: Laparoscopic approach is the gold standard management for dermoid cyst. However, avoiding surgical spillage is the key to minimize the complications. Thorough examination of different sections of dermoid under microscopy is equally important because spillage associated with missing malignant foci on histopathological examination leads to peritoneal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian resection as a treatment for hysteria, called 'Battey's operation' or 'normal ovariotomy', was performed in the nineteenth century. Battey later reported that the resected ovaries appeared to have 'cystic degeneration'. Currently, patients with acute neuropsychiatric symptoms are screened for teratomas for the differential diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. There is now a hypothesis that ovarian lesions resulting in paraneoplastic encephalitis were among the patients who underwent Battey's operation. We identified 94 published cases of Battey's operation for neuropsychiatric symptoms in the late nineteenth century. Among 36 cases with detailed descriptions, we found 3 patients who showed acute onset neuropsychiatric symptoms with macropathological ovarian findings that were compatible with teratoma. They showed favourable prognoses after surgery and might have motivated the surgeons to perform the operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thomas Keith, an Edinburgh surgeon, was an early and successful exponent of the operation of ovariotomy (ovarian cystectomy). He published detailed accounts of all of the patients on whom he carried out this procedure and his published success rate proved to be amongst the best in the world. The leading American surgeon J Marion Sims, who visited Keith to determine the reasons for this success, concluded that Keith's achievement resulted from meticulous attention to detail and his emphasis on the cleanliness of the instruments and the operating field, before this was generally adopted. His friendship with Joseph Lister led to his early use of Listerian antisepsis, which further improved these results. Yet, his medical colleagues and his obituarists seemed unaware of his other significant pioneering contribution, as a gifted photographer and pioneer of the waxed paper technique of photographic processing. That same attention to detail resulted in photographs of the highest quality whose significance has since been appreciated by photographic historians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ephraim McDowell's removal of a massive ovarian tumor from Jane Todd Crawford in Danville, Kentucky, in 1809 revolutionized the practice of surgery. Most academic physicians then believed that operating in the abdomen would inevitably result in peritonitis and death. McDowell proved them wrong and performed numerous ovariotomies with an acceptable complication rate for the era. His expertise brought patients from afar. McDowell also operated on patients in their homes, sometimes far from Danville. This article addresses an operation done in Nashville, Tennessee, on Penelope Holmes Overton, wife of General Thomas Overton, a prominent Tennessean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the vaginal cytology of ovulating and non-ovulating queens. Procedure The study group comprised 15 queens showing behavioural oestrus. Ovulation was induced in 7 (dioestrus group) and 8 were left untreated (postoestrus group). Vaginal smears were collected from all animals prior to ovariohysterectomy on day 7. Epithelial cells were classified as basal-parabasal, intermediate, superficial, or anucleated superficial cells and counted using computer-assisted image analysis. From each smear, 50 representative vaginal epithelial cells were chosen. Digital images of cells were taken and cell area, cytoplasm area, nucleus area, cell diameter, cell perimeter, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and red-green-blue ( RGB) values were measured using image analysis software. Measurement data were compared between groups. Results Ovulation induction was successful in all animals. The swabbing procedure in oestrus did not induce ovulation in any postoestrus queens. Mean duration of oestrus was 6.65 ± 0.44 and 4.71 ± 0.32 days (P > 0.05) in the postoestrus and dioestrus queens, respectively. Intermediate cell count averaged 21.43% in dioestrus cats and 10.76% in postoestrus cats (P < 0.05). Epithelial cells in the postoestrus group had higher cell area, cytoplasm area, cell diameter and cell perimeter measurements (P < 0.01). Red (90.9 ± 1.6), green (76.1 ± 1.3) and blue (83.6 ± 1.4) channel values in postoestrus were higher than the values (81.3 ± 0.8, 65.8 ± 0.9 and 74.0 ± 0.7, respectively) in dioestrus (P < 0.01). Conclusion Induction of ovulation in oestrus queens results in a significant increase in the number of intermediate cells and a significant decrease in both the dimensions and RGB values of vaginal epithelial cells on day 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Nonmalignant mammary tumors ( NMT) are common in intact female dogs. Little is known about the clinical significance of these tumors, and the effect of ovariohysterectomy ( OHE) on their development. Hypothesis Ovarian hormone ablation through OHE decreases the risk of new tumors and thereby improves long-term prognosis for dogs with NMT. Animals Eighty-four sexually intact bitches with NMT. Methods Dogs were allocated to undergo OHE (n = 42) or not (n = 42) at the time of NMT removal in a randomized clinical trial. Tumor diagnosis was confirmed histologically in all subjects. Information about new tumor development was collected via follow-up phone calls and recheck examinations. Separate survival analyses were performed with the endpoints new tumor development and death. Cause of death was classified as related or unrelated to mammary tumor. In addition to OHE status, the influence of age, body weight, breed, tumor size, tumor number, tumor duration, type of surgery, and tumor histology was investigated. Results New mammary tumor(s) developed in 27 of 42 (64%) intact dogs and 15 of 42 (36%) ovariohysterectomized dogs (hazard ratio 0.47, P = .022). Nine of the 42 dogs (21%) which developed new tumors were euthanized because of mammary tumor. Survival was not significantly different between the 2 treatment groups. In the intact group, nine dogs subsequently developed ovarian-uterine diseases. Conclusion Ovariohysterectomy performed at the time of mammary tumor excision reduced the risk of new tumors by about 50% among dogs with NMT. Survival was not significantly affected. Adjuvant OHE should be considered in adult dogs with mammary tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A 15-month-old, ovariohysterectomized female Lionhead rabbit was presented with generalized chronic exfoliative dermatitis and patchy alopecia. General physical examination revealed no abnormalities apart from a body condition score of 4 of 9. Ectoparasitic infestation, dermatophytosis, Malassezia dermatitis, epitheliotropic lymphoma, thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis-associated exfoliative dermatitis were excluded on the basis of skin scrapings, fungal culture, cutaneous histopathology, thoracic radiography, and the results of hematologic and biochemical analyses. Histopathology of the skin showed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, absence of sebaceous glands and mural lymphocytic folliculitis, consistent with sebaceous adenitis. The extent and severity of the skin lesions were scored by the Rabbit Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index adapted from the recently published Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index–03. Once-daily oral treatment with 5 mg/kg of ciclosporin A dissolved in an equal amount of a medium-chain triglyceride solution (Miglyol 812; Bufa, Uitgeest, The Netherlands) was initiated, but the response to this was poor. Therefore, while maintaining the oral treatment, topical treatment with phytosphingosine products was given. The rabbit''s coat was clipped and a phytosphingosine 0.2% microemulsion spray (daily), a phytosphingosine 0.1% shampoo (weekly), and a phytosphingosine 1% spot-on treatment (weekly) were applied. Nine months later, there had been significant hair regrowth on previously hairless areas and the Rabbit Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index confirmed the marked improvement with a 91% reduction in the original score. Serum ciclosporin concentrations were undetectable throughout the treatment period. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective-To compare the effects of a nonrebreathing circuit versus a reduced volume circle anesthetic breathing circuit on body temperature change in cats during inhalation anesthesia for ovariohysterectomy. Design-Randomized, controlled clinical trial. Animals-141 female domestic cats hospitalized for routine ovariohysterectomy. Procedures-Cats were randomly assigned to receive inhalation anesthetics from either a nonrebreathing circuit or a reduced volume circle system with oxygen flow rates of 200 and 30 mL/kg/min (90.9 and 13.6 mL/lb/min), respectively. Body temperatures were monitored throughout the anesthetic period via an intrathoracic esophageal probe placed orally into the esophagus to the level of the heart base. Results-No difference in body temperature was found between the 2 treatment groups at any measurement time. The duration of procedure had a significant effect on body tem- perature regardless of the type of anesthetic circuit used. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Duration of the procedure rather than the type of anesthetic circuit used for inhalation anesthesia was more influential on thermal loss in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study concerning the issue of intellectual property in the field of medicine is presented, focusing on a conflict between nineteenth century English surgeons Thomas Spencer Wells and Charles Clay surrounding ovariotomy. The author notes that after Wells attacked Clay's work in the introduction to his book "Diseases of the Ovaries: Their Diagnosis and Treatment," Clay published several letters to reestablish his professional and public credit.

The clinical efficacy of a 70 µg/h transdermal buprenorphine patch and of 20 µg/kg of buprenorphine administered subcutaneously (SC) for the relief of post-operative pain was determined in 24 healthy female dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Dogs were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a control group that received no analgesics, (2) a BSC group that received buprenorphine SC (20 µg/kg), and (3) a BP group that received buprenorphine by a 70 µg/h transdermal patch. Dogs were scored for signs of pain at 0. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14. 20, 26, 32 and 38 h after extubation using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and a modified University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS). Mean NRS and UMPS scores for dogs in the BSC group (2.56 ± 0.23 and 3.05 ± 0.27, respectively) and the BP group (2.02 ± 0.24 and 2.67 ± 0.23, respectively) were significantly lower (P< 0.05) compared with dogs in the control group (5.42 ± 0.38 and 7.89 ± 0.44, respectively), whereas differences between the two buprenorphine treatment groups were not significant. The results indicated that the analgesia produced by the 70 µg/h patch was similar to that induced by SC administration of 20 µg/kg of buprenorphine in dogs undergoing OHE, suggesting that the transdermal buprenorphine patch may be a useful alternative for pain management in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Evaluation of clinical, laboratory, and operative findings in women of abdomino-pelvic tuberculosis undergoing laparotomy for suspected ovarian cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 26 women who underwent laparotomy for ovarian cancer and found to have abdomino-pelvic tuberculosis in three hospitals of Delhi. Results: The mean age was 34.65 years. Symptoms were menstrual dysfunction in 12 (46.2%), abdominal distension (8 women, 30.7%), abdominal pain (26 women, 100%), abdominal mass (5 women, 19.2%). Mean and standard deviation (SD) of Ca-125 levels were 594.22 ± 770.07. The mean ± SD of right and left tubovarian mass being 5.82 ± 3.94 cm and 5.81 ± 3.21 cm, respectively. Abdominal hysterectomy was done in 4 (15.4%) cases, right ovariotomy in 5 (19.2%), left Ovariotomy in 6 (23.1%), biopsies from right ovary 11 (42.3%), left ovary 7 (26.9%), omentum 10 (38.5%), peritoneum in 15 (57.7%). Tuberculous granuloma and AFB stain on histopathology were observed in all cases. Conclusion: Peritoneal tuberculosis with abdomino-pelvic masses was difficult to differentiate from ovarian cancer. Antitubercular drugs are the treatment of choice and complete surgery being difficult and hazardous should be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Cocaine self-administration in rodents has been used widely as a preclinical model of cocaine use in humans. In laboratory animals, estradiol enhances behavioral sensitization to cocaine and the acquisition of cocaine self-administration in female rats. The rewarding effect of cocaine has been shown to be enhanced following behavioral sensitization in male rats. This experiment examined whether behavioral sensitization to cocaine would promote cocaine-taking behavior in female rats, and whether estradiol could further modulate cocaine-taking behavior in cocaine-sensitized rats. Ovariectomized female rats were pretreated with either cocaine or saline for 4 days per week for 3 weeks. Self-administration sessions started 2 weeks after the last dose of drug. Female Sprague–Dawley rats received either estradiol or oil 30 min prior to the start of each session and self-administration was carried out 5 days per week for 4 weeks. The dose of cocaine self-administered each week was as follows (in mg/kg/infusion): week 1, 0.1; week 2, 0.1; week 3, 0.15; and week 4, 0.4. The rats that received cocaine pretreatment took fewer days to acquire cocaine self-administration and took more cocaine than rats that received saline pretreatment. Estradiol enhanced cocaine intake during the last six self-administration sessions after acquisition but did not affect acquisition of self-administration at the lowest doses of cocaine used. In conclusion, cocaine sensitization promotes the acquisition of cocaine self-administration in female rats. Furthermore, prior cocaine experience is more powerful than estradiol at enhancing acquisition, while estradiol enhances intake of cocaine after acquisition of self-administration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative administration of oral carprofen, subcutaneous ketoprofen, and local nerve block with bupivacaine in preventing postoperative pain-associated behavior in cats after ovariohysterectomy. Animals Fifty-two female intact cats. Materials and methods Cats received butorphanol (0.44 mg kg−1 IM), carprofen (2.2 mg kg−1 PO), ketoprofen (2.2 mg kg−1 SQ), or bupivacaine infiltration block (1.1 mg kg−1 SQ) before surgery. Cortisol and drug concentrations and visual analog scale (VAS) and interactive visual analog scale (IVAS) pain-associated behavior scores were measured 2 hours before and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after ovariohysterectomy. Results Cats receiving butorphanol had significantly increased IVAS scores 2 hours after surgery compared with baseline measurements. Cats receiving carprofen, ketoprofen, and bupivacaine had significant increases from baseline in VAS and IVAS scores 1 and 2 hours after surgery. VAS and IVAS scores for cats receiving bupivacaine were significantly greater 1 and 2 hours after surgery than for cats that received butorphanol. Cats receiving carprofen had significant increases in cortisol 1 hour after surgery and significant decreases 24 hours after surgery compared with baseline measurements. Conclusions and clinical relevance Preoperative carprofen and ketoprofen have effects on pain-associated behavior similar to butorphanol in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Cats receiving bupivacaine blocks may require additional analgesics immediately after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovariotomy – the removal of normal ovaries, known as Battey's Operation – began in 1872 and became the fashionable treatment of menstrual madness, neurasthenia, nymphomania, masturbation and “all cases of insanity”. This practice was supported by distinguished gynecologists and psychiatrists, becoming one of the great medical scandals of the 19th century. In modern times, if menstrual madness is considered to be premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and ovariotomy, the surgical equivalent of ovulation suppression of GnRH analogues, it can be argued that the surgery would have been effective for this limited indication, although the side effects of long-term estrogen deficiency would have made the treatment unacceptable. Currently, the successful hormonal treatment of PMDD is one of suppression of ovulation and removal of the cyclical hormonal changes in the luteal phase, probably progesterone, which is the essential cause of PMDD. Such therapy would be by GnRH analogues, transdermal estradiol and, in a few cases, the surgical option of hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with adequate hormone replacement. A study of medical history can help us prevent the mistakes of over-enthusiasm but positive lessons can be learned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Sex differences in pain have been confirmed both in clinical and experimental studies. Estrogen has a great role in this process and can affect response to noxious stimuli. In this study, we used Fos as a marker to investigate the mechanism underlying the phenomenon. Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to ovariotomy (OVX) or sham surgery (OVX-sham) group (n =20 rats/condition). All the rats received CCI surgery three weeks after ovariotomy. We used hot-plate test as a sign of neuropathic pain. On PO days 3, 7, 14, and 21, paw withdrawal latency was determined and 2h later, the L4–L5 segments of the spinal cord were removed and immunostained for Fos protein. Number of Fos-like immunoreactive (Fos-LI) neurons of each section was counted bilaterally. We find that ovariotomy can regulate the sensitivity to thermal stimuli and Fos protein level will change in the spinal dorsal horn. However, the alternation of Fos expression does not extremely account for the behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

: Study objectiveWe report the case of a 7-year-old girl who underwent laparoscopic ovariopexy for a suspected ovarian torsion after a previous oophorectomy. We consider the role of elective ovariopexy of the contralateral ovary in the case of adnexal torsion.: DesignCase study and review of the literature.: ResultThere was evidence to suggest a very recent adnexal torsion and an unusually long ovarian pedicle, with a possible familial linkage. The patient underwent laparoscopic ovariopexy for the remaining normal ovary, which was found to be loosely twisted at operation. After detorsion, ovariopexy was performed laparoscopically, by suturing the ovary to the back of uterus. There are no other descriptions in the literature of a familial linkage with ovarian torsion.: ConclusionThe case presented reminds doctors of the strong possibility of ovarian torsion in young girls presenting with pelvic pain. Laparoscopic ovariopexy for the contralateral ovary should be considered in all women with evidence of torsion, including children and adolescents, as is standard for testicular torsion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The British surgeon William James West has not left a tremendous literary or scientific work as many of his contemporaries did. For this reason only a little has been known about him and the fate of his family for decades, even though the eponym was created in the 1960s. Only in 1990 was a first biography published and later on supplemented. If his son had not suffered from the syndrome, which later on was named after him, he would not have published the first description of the West syndrome in The Lancet in 1841. Possibly we would be talking about Newnham''s syndrome, because 8 years later he published a detailed report on this subject. There is, however, a second aspect concerning the pioneering activity of West, i.e. his advocating of ovariotomy in its early days. To judge the importance of this feat correctly, it is necessary to keep in mind that his former pupil and practice-partner Gorham in 1874 obviously tried to exaggerate the role of West in ovariotomy. Nevertheless, it is worth keeping the memory of William James West and his son James Edwin alive, as happened at the International Symposium on West Syndrome and Other Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathies at Tokyo, 9–11 February in 2001, and by other occasions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a case study of a two-year-old feral female domestic shorthaired cat that was having renal agenesis, which was brought to the spay and neuter clinic. The diagnosis was presented including a physical examination, cytologic examination and the ELISA test. It presents in details the admission, diagnoses which focuses on the abdomine area, surgery, treatment, and the recovery of the cat.

A simple method of minimally invasive surgery for ovariohysterectomy in the dog, without the use of laparoscopic equipment, was trialled. Fifty-nine client owned dogs of different breeds admitted for elective ovariohysterectomy were entered into the study. The tip of the left uterine horn and ovary were pulled into a cranial midline portal with the aid of a spay hook. The ovarian pedicle and the tip of the uterine horn were ligated and the ovary was dissected. The uterine horn was pulled backwards from a second midline portal, just cranial of the pubic bone, until the cervix was visible. After ligation and dissection of the cervix, the right uterine horn was pulled from the cranial portal until the right ovary was visible and could also be dissected. All 59 dogs underwent the intended procedure (mean duration 59 minutes, range 30 to 88 minutes). No haemorrhaging occurred during surgery and no serious complications were reported during the postoperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses the case history of an ovarian cancer in 46 year-old Jane Todd Crawford of Danville, Kentucky. He says that the success of ovariotomy conducted by surgeon Ephraim McDowell to Crawford is told as a tale of heroism and shows the difficulty in diagnosing and treating the cancer. He also emphasizes the factors which led to a shift in attitudes and approaches towards cancer and the need to balance therapeutic optimism with diagnosis and stigma faced by patients.

Pays tribute to surgeon Ephraim McDowell. Story on why he was considered the father of abdominal surgery; Role in developing a technique for ovariotomy or oophorectomy.

Focuses on the ovariotomy conducted by Ephraim McDowell as reported in `Three Cases of Extirpation of Diseased Ovaria,' from `Eclectic Repertory and Analytical review, Medical and Philosophical' periodical dated 1817. Background on McDowell; Underlying principles of the operation.

Presents the abstract 'Clinical Monitoring of Conservative Theraphy of Pyometra in the Bitch,' by J. Oelzner and A. M&uuuml;nnich presented at the 32nd Conference on Physiology and Pathology of Reproduction.

The article focuses on Kentucky surgeon Ephraim McDowell. He performed an historic operation while an angry mob with guns and rope in hand waited outside on December 25, 1809. On December 13, 1809, he determined that Jane Todd Crawford, a 47-year-old woman who had thought herself pregnant, had an enlarged ovary on one side. Crawford consented to undergo an experiment never previously attempted. The world's first ovariotomy achieved a place in gynecological history.

Features surgeon Ephraim McDowell of the United States. Educational background; Clinical achievements; Contributions to ovariotomy and other surgical procedures.

Presents an overview of the history of the use of ovariotomy in removing ovarian cyst.