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Desert shrews of the genus Notiosorex comprise four species with morphological characteristics that are difficult to distinguish among the species. Indeed, N. cockrumi was described using only genetic markers. Based on molecular divergence documented in N. crawfordi, we hypothesize that a fifth species is present in the Baja California peninsula. Genetic variation at the species level was analyzed using individuals from locations west of the Colorado River in the Baja California peninsula, Mexico, and California, United States. Molecular markers of mitochondrial origin (cytochrome b, 1,140 bp; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 542 bp; and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III, 672 bp), as well as the nuclear intron 7 of the beta fibrinogen gene (385 bp) were used to construct a phylogeny for species of the genus Notiosorex. Genetic distances of 12.46–15.58% between west and east of the Colorado River were obtained using p-distance models. Our phylogenetic analyses showed almost identical topologies, placing populations from west of the Colorado River in three monophyletic clades with high bootstrap support values. Results of molecular phylogenetic identity among shrews of the genus Notiosorex support the existence of an undescribed, polytypic species of Notiosorex west of the Colorado River.

Shrews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) are amongst the most diverse and widely distributed groups of small mammals worldwide. In Mexico, more than 40 species of the genera Sorex, Cryptotis, Megasorex , and Notiosorex have been documented. There is little knowledge about epizoic arthropods of shrews, with 40 species recorded, 28 corresponding to the subclass Acari, and 12 to Insecta. Sorex oreopolus Merriam, 1892, is an endemic species of Mexico, distributed from southwest Jalisco to east Puebla and west Veracruz. This study reports the first records of epizoic arthropods of S. oreopolus . Five specimens of S. oreopolus were collected during 2016 from four sites at La Malinche National Park, state of Tlaxcala. Epizoic arthropods were removed from the pelage of shrews and processed for identification. For each species found in S. oreopolus , ecological parameters of infestation were calculated; for parasitic species, also the degree of host specificity was estimated. A total of 1,194 arthropods were found, corresponding to six mite and one insect taxa. All are new records for this host species. The mites Orycteroxenus soricis (Oudemans 1915) and Pygmephorus horridus Mahunka, 1973 are recorded for the first time in Mexico. The prevalence and abundance of O. soricis was high, while Corrodopsylla lira Traub, 1950 is less prevalent/abundant (Table 1). Epizoic arthropods comprise commensals (Myobiidae), temporary ectoparasites (Trombiculidae) and (Ctenophthalmidae), and phoretic (Glycyphagidae and Pygmephoridae). Seven taxa of epizoic arthropods recorded in this study represent the first record of association with S. oreopolus . The mites O. soricis and P. horridus had already been documented on shrews of the genus Sorex ; however, they are recorded for the first time in Mexico, increasing the richness of symbionts of Mexican shrews from 40 to 42 species. Further investigations on the richness of arthropods associated with Mexican shrews are needed, as only seven of 40 species of shrews have been documented, representing 20 % of hosts.

150. Large-eared Gray Shrew Notiosorex evolis French: Musaraigne a oreilles longues / German: GroRohrWiistenspitzmaus / Spanish: Musarana gris de orejas largas Taxonomy. Sorex (Notiosorex) evotis Coues, 1877, “ Mazatlan [Sinaloa], Mexico.” Restricted by L. N. Carraway in 2007 to “lati- tude 23-21°N, longitude 106-42°W.” Notiosorex evotis was previously included in N. crawford: but was recognized as a distinct species based primarily on morphometrics. Distributional limits of all species of Notiosorex are still somewhat unknown; additional sampling is needed. Monotypic. Distribution. Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, and Michoacan (W Mexico). Descriptive notes. Head-body 54-73 mm, tail 23-32 mm, ear 7-9 mm, hindfoot 11-13 mm; weight 5-6-3 g. The Large-eared Gray Shrew is the largest of the four species of Notiosorex. Dorsum is light grayish brown, and venter is white or pale gray. Feet are broad, with relatively short claws. Tail is ¢.33% of head-body length, unicolored pale gray, and covered with very short hairs. Ears are long and conspicuous, being the same color as dorsal pelage externally and pinkish internally; eyes are small but large compared with other shrews; and snout is pink with dark line on ridge extending to tip of rostrum. Females have three inguinal mammae. Paroccipitals are low set and extend at an oblique angle from cranium; coronoid processes are broad relative to their height; prominent lateral ridge on cranium is formed by extension of roof of glenoid fossa; and zygomatic plate is wider and relatively longer than in other species of Notiosorex. There are three unicuspids, and teeth are entirely white with no pigmentation, as in all species of Notiosorex. Habitat. Wide variety of dry arid habitats, including fallow fields bordered by scattered cacti, thornbush, and mesquite, and shrublands from sea level to elevations of ¢.550 m. Large-eared Gray Shrews can be found in damp microhabitats within dry ecosystems, such as under rocky ledges, rocks, and logs. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. A pregnant Large-eared Gray Shrew with five embryos was captured in July 1962. Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Largeeared Gray Shrew has a relatively wide distribution encompassing multiple protected areas and seems common, although it is somewhat threatened by conversion of mesquite areas into agriculturalfields. Bibliography. Baker et al. (2003), Carraway (2007, 2014e), Carraway & Timm (2000), Castro-Arellano et al. (2016)., Published as part of Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson, 2018, Soricidae, pp. 332-551 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 449, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6870843

149. Cockrum’s Gray Shrew Notiosorex cockrumi French: Musaraigne de Cockrum / German: Cockrum-Wistenspitzmaus / Spanish: Musarana gris de Cockrum Other common names: Cockrum'’s Desert Shrew, Cockrum'’s Shrew Taxonomy. Notiosorex cockrumi R. J. Baker, O’Neill & McAliley, 2003, “ Arizona, Cochise County, Leslie Canyon National Wildlife Refuge, T21S, R28E Section NE 4 20, Elevation 4460 [m].” Restricted by L. N. Carraway in 2007 to “latitude 31-60°N, longitude 109-53°W.” Notiosorex cockrumi seems to be closest to N. crawfordi. It has primarily been distinguished from N. crawfordi by genetic data, and exact distribution of both species is currently unknown. Monotypic. Distribution. SE Arizona (SW USA) S to C Sonora (NW Mexico). Descriptive notes. Head-body 52-61 mm, tail 19-27 mm, ear 7-9 mm, hindfoot 9-11 mm; weight 3-6-3 g. Cockrum’s Gray Shrew is small and externally nearly identical to the Desert Gray Shrew (N. crawfordi) and other species of Notiosorex exceptit has shorter middle foreclaw and differentiating cranial characteristics. Dorsum is light grayish, and venter is white or pale gray. Feet are broad, with relatively short claws. Tail is ¢.33% of head-body length, unicolored pale gray, and covered in very short hairs. Ears are long and conspicuous, being same color as dorsal pelage externally and pinkish internally; eyes are small but large compared with other shrews; and snout is pink with dark line on ridge extending to tip of rostrum. Females have three inguinal mammae. Unlike the Large-eared Gray Shrew (N. evotis), Cockrum’s Gray Shrew has an extension of roof of glenoid fossa that forms prominent ridge on lateral side of cranium. Cockrum’s Gray Shrew is intermediate in size between the Desert Gray Shrew and the Large-eared Gray Shrew. It can be distinguished from the Desert Gray Shrew and Villa’s Gray Shrew (N. villai) byits total length and from the Large-eared Gray Shrew and Villa’s Gray Shrew by condylo-basal length (15:8-16-5 mm), breadth across M*-M?* (4:6—4-9 mm), and length of 1,-M, (4:6—4-8 mm). It can also be separated from the Large-eared Shrew by its cranial breadth (8-2-9 mm), coronoid process height (4-4-3 mm), and articular condyle height (2:7-3 mm). There are three unicuspids, and teeth are entirely white with no pigmentation,as in all species of Notiosorex. Dental formula for all species of Notiosorexis13/2,C1/0,P1/1,M 3/3 = 28. Habitat. Desert shrub habitats dominated by mesquite, agave, cholla, and oak brush at elevations of 677-1195 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Cockrum’s Gray Shrew is very poorly known but has a relatively wide distribution with no major threats. Additional studies are needed on this rather cryptic species. Bibliography. Baker et al. (2003), Carraway (2007, 2014c), Carraway & Timm (2000), McAliley et al. (2007), Timm et al. (2017)., Published as part of Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson, 2018, Soricidae, pp. 332-551 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on pages 448-449, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6870843

151. Villa’s Gray Shrew Notiosorex villai French: Musaraigne de Villa / German: Villa-Wiistenspitzmaus / Spanish: Musarana gris de Villa Other common names: Villa's Shrew Taxonomy. Notiosorex villai Carraway & Timm, 2000, “ Jaumave, Tamaulipas, Mexico, 2400 ft. [= 732 m].” Notiosorex villai was previously included in N. crawfordi but was described as a distinct species based primarily on morphometrics. Distributional limits of all species of Notiosorex are still somewhat unknown; additional sampling is needed. Monotypic. Distribution. Known only from three localities in SW Tamaulipas (NE Mexico); it potentially occurs in a wider distribution, but additional studies are needed. Descriptive notes. Head-body 59-62 mm, tail 28-31 mm, ear 7-9 mm, hindfoot 11-11-5 mm; weight 5-6-3 g. Villa’s Gray Shrew is small and externally very similar to other species of Notiosorex. Dorsum is light grayish brown, and venteris white or pale gray. Feet are broad, with relatively short claws. Tail is ¢.33% of head-body length, unicolored dark grayish brown, and covered with very short hairs. Ears are long and conspicuous, being the same color as dorsal pelage externally and pinkish internally; eyes are small but large compared with other shrews; and snout is pink with dark line on ridge extending to tip of rostrum. Females have three inguinal mammae. There is no prominent ridge on lateral side of cranium as in other species of Notiosorex; paroccipital processes lie against exoccipitals; coronoid processes are slender relative to their height (as in the Desert Gray Shrew, N. crawfordi); and zygomatic plate is narrower than in the Large-eared Gray Shrew (NN. evotis) and the Desert Gray Shrew. There are three unicuspids, and teeth are entirely white with no pigmentation, as in all species of Notiosorex. Habitat. Pine-oak forests, tropical forests, and riparian forests at elevations of 580-1340 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Two lactating Villa’s Gray Shrews were captured in July 1953. Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. Villa's Gray Shrew is known from only three localities in two isolated mountain valleys and from relatively few specimens. It is most threatened by overgrazing and agricultural expansion; it might be found in El Cielo Biosphere Reserve in Tamaulipas, but this is uncertain. Bibliography. Alvarez (1963), Baker et al. (2003), Carraway (2007, 2014f), Carraway & Timm (2000), Castro-Arellano, Timm et al. (2008)., Published as part of Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson, 2018, Soricidae, pp. 332-551 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 449, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6870843

148. Desert Gray Shrew Notiosorex crawfordi French: Musaraigne de Crawford / German: Graue Wistenspitzmaus / Spanish: Musarana gris de desierto Other common names: Crawford's Desert Shrew, Crawford's Gray Shrew, Crawford's Shrew, Desert Shrew Taxonomy. Sorex (Notiosorex) crawford: Coues, 1877, “ Fort Bliss, New Mexico, or vicinity.” Restricted by L.. N. Carraway in 2007 to “latitude 31-8°N, longitude 106-4°W.” Notiosorex is sister to Megasorex, both of which are the only living genera of Notiosoricini. All species of Notiosorex were included in N. crawford: until revisions in 2000 and 2003. Geographical boundaries are currently unresolved within all four species in the genus, and additional ge- netic and morphometric work throughout distributions of all species is needed. Possible subspecific taxonomy requires assessment. Monotypic. Distribution. SW & SC USA (from S California E to extreme W Arkansas and from SE Colorado and Utah S to Texas) and N & C Mexico (Baja California Peninsula, including San Martin I, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, N Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, E Jalisco, and Hidalgo). Descriptive notes. Head—body 53-68 mm,tail 25-35 mm, ear 7-9 mm, hindfoot 9-12 mm; weight 3-6-3 g. The Desert Gray Shrew is a small species of desert shrew. Dorsum varies from light grayish brown to very dark grayish brown (nearly black), and venteris white or pale gray. Feet are broad, with relatively short claws. Tail is ¢.33% of head-body length, unicolored pale gray or slightly bicolored, and covered with very short hairs. Ears are long and conspicuous, being the same color as dorsal pelage externally and pinkish internally; eyes are small but large compared with other shrews; and snoutis pink with dark line on ridge extending to tip of rostrum. Females have three inguinal mammae. Extension of roof of glenoid fossa forms prominent ridge on lateral side of cranium, distinguishing it from the Large-eared Gray Shrew (N. evotis); paroccipital processes lie against exoccipitals and are small; coronoid processes are slender relative to their height; and length of middle foreclaw is longer than in Cockrum’s Gray Shrew (N. cockrumi). There are three unicuspids, and teeth are entirely white, with no pigmentation,as in all species of Notiosorex. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62 and FN = 94 (Arizona, although this might represent Cockrum’s Gray Shrew) or 2n = 68 and FN = 102 (Texas). Habitat. Usually arid regions with adequate cover from sea level up to 2600 m (in Arizona) and 2317 m (in Zacatecas). Desert Gray Shrews are typically found in desert shrub habitats dominated by mesquite, agave, cholla, and oak brush, although they have been captured in riparian woodlands, pinyon-juniper and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa, Pinaceae) woodlands, and grassy or gravelly desert washes. They can be found in a variety of other arid habitats, including deserts, semiarid grasslands with scattered cactus and yucca, chaparral slopes (in California and Baja California), alluvial fans, sagebrush, gullies,juniper woodlands,riparian associations, and village dumps. Food and Feeding. The Desert Gray Shrew has a variable diet of small to medium-sized invertebrates including mealworms, cutworms, cockroaches, crickets, earwigs, sowbugs, moths, beetles, and centipedes. Moth, beetles, earwigs, crickets, cockroaches, and sowbugs seem to make up larger proportions of their diets based on captive individuals. They will feed on carrion of vertebrates when given the opportunity, small mammals (although not living rodents), birds, and lizards. They feed epigeally and attack prey voraciously, generally immobilizing them by tearing off limbs and biting heads. Coprophagy has been reported. Breeding. Reproductive activity of the Desert Gray Shrew seems to be most common throughout spring and summer and has been recorded in April-November in the southwestern USA. Length of gestation is unknown, butlitters generally have 3-5 young. Newborns are naked and blind, with undeveloped ears and rudimentary digits without claws. Young leave nests at ¢.40 days old, and wear is evident on their teeth by ¢.90 days old. Activity patterns. Desert Gray Shrews can be found day and night, foraging with bouts of rest, but they tend to be found more commonly at night. They are primarily epigeal, foraging aboveground with little to no digging. They often build nests in secluded areas under rocks or logs in depressions in the ground, and they can even use other animals’ nests after they have been abandoned. Runways are rarely developed in association with nests, and runways of other desert rodents are often used. Nests commonly have two side openings and are made of unshredded plant materials. Feces are dropped strategically on high places to convey territories. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Desert Gray Shrews are much more tolerant of conspecifics than other species of shrews and can be caged together with little conflict when food is abundant; fighting can occur during food shortages in the wild. Most activities occur in territories, although the extent that they are protected and their general size are unknown. Relative abundances are 1-26 captures/100 trap nights in Arizona. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Desert Gray Shrew has a wide distribution, including disturbed habitats. It is found in various protected areas and is common throughout its distribution. Bibliography. Armstrong & Jones (1972b), Baker et al. (2003), Carraway (2007, 2010, 2014d), Carraway &Timm (2000), Coulombe & Banta (1964), Duncan & Corman (1991), Hoffmeister & Goodpaster (1962), McAliley et al. (2007), Punzo (2003b), Schulz et al. (1970), Simons et al. (1990), Timm et al. (2016)., Published as part of Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson, 2018, Soricidae, pp. 332-551 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 448, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6870843

Two species of shrews and four species of bats are described for Late Pleistocene fossils from Terapa, Sonora, Mexico. Shrews include Notiosorex and an indeterminate genus and species of Soricidae. Bats include several vespertilionids (Lasiurus, Antrozous pallidus, and Myotis) and a molossid (Tadarida brasiliensis). Previous interpretations based on evidence from sediments and other fossils at Terapa suggested the Late Pleistocene presence of a riparian corridor that was wetter and more tropical than at present, including a slow-moving stream, riparian forest, ponded water, marsh, and savanna, or a submerged to emergent grassland. Vertebrate fossils including a crocodylian, certain birds, and a capybara supported the more-tropical interpretation for these habitats. The bats and shrews in the Pleistocene paleofauna support these inferred paleohabitats but only weakly support the more-tropical aspect. Only one bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) has largely tropical biogeographic affinities; the others are...

We added four recent records from three new localities for the desert shrew Notiosorex crawfordi, in the Mexican state of Hidalgo. The distribution commonly accepted for this shrew occupies the southern part of the United States of America, and the neighboring region of Northern Mexico (Baja California Norte and Sur, Sonora, Chihuahua, Colima, Tamaulipas, Sinaloa, Durango and Zacatecas). The records confirm the existence of the species in the state and extend its distribution until the municipality of Tetepango, 31 km to SW of the Grutas de Xoxafi and through the municipality of Tulancingo de Bravo, 75.8 km SE of the Grutas de Xoxafi, and 542 km south of the southernmost records recognized in Nuevo Leon. These records come to give certainty of the existence of this species in Hidalgo, since the scarce records and the great distance to the next known accepted locality (3 km SW Galeana, Nuevo Leon). The record most resent was obtained at 2001, and the scarce records made the presence of N. crawfordi in Hidalgo seem uncertain. The new records are located in areas in which developed different types of xeric scrublands, vegetation in which inhabits this shrew commonly. The existence of Notiosorex in Hidalgo will can pass unnoticed because this shrew is considered rare and difficult to capture.

We review the known records of desert shrews from Nevada and report the results of genetic analyses of a specimen from Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, which help clarify the evolutionary relationships of the genus Notiosorex from southwestern United States.

Notiosorex shrews (Soricomorpha; Soricidae) have a fossil history that extends to the Miocene (i.e., mid-Hemphillian), In the intervening 6.69 million years, N. repenningi, N. jacksoni, and what heretofore was considered N. crawfordi existed with varying degrees of overlap in occurrence timewise and in geographic distribution in areas of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Examination of unusually small fossil specimens of Notiosorex indicated the presence of another species referable to this genus present in late Pleistocene- (i.e., early Wisconsinan) to Holocene-aged deposits. Based on statistical analyses, these specimens were as distinct from any of the other fossil or extant species of Notiosorex as any other pair of species within the genus. I referred these specimens to the new species N. harrisi. Analyses also indicted fossils heretofore considered N. crawfordl were equally distinct from other forms of Notiosorex. I referred them to the new species N. dalquesti. Individua...

Examination of published records, and morphometric and morphologic analyses of 3398 museum specimens, revealed that 4 genera including 30 monotypic and 5 polytypic species of shrews (Soricidae) occur in Mexico. Of these, 2 new species were named and 2 subspecies were heretofore unrecognized, 3 were reclassified, and 1 was elevated to species level. Cryptotis goldmani machetes, previously subsumed into C. g. goldmani, was reelevated based on ventral pelage color. Sorex veraepacis mutabilis contained 2 morphotypes, 1 of which matched that of the holotype; however, the 2nd morphotype not only did not match that of the subspecific holotype, but also has a sympatric distribution. Thus, specimens of the 2nd morphotype are referred to a new species: Sorex ixtlanensis. Sorex saussurei formerly contained 4 subspecies of which the nominal S. s. saussurei contained 3 morphotypes based on position of the median tines of the I1s. Specimens of 1 morphotype match the holotype, have a distribution limited to the...

Notiosorex Coues, 1877. Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 3:646. TYPE SPECIES: Sorex (Notiosorex) crawfordi Coues, 1877. COMMENTS: Tribe Neomyini; see Repenning (1967:45). Reumer (1984:14) created a new tribe Notiosoricini to include Notiosorex, but George (1986: 160) could find no evidence to support this separation. Hall (1981: 65) included also Megasorex gigas, but Repenning (1967:56), Armstrong and Jones (1972), and George (1986) considered Megasorex a distinct genus. Notiosorex (Xenosorex) phillipsii is a synonym of Cryptotis mexicana; see Choate (1969). Lindsay and Jacobs (1985) described an extinct species from Pliocene sediments of Chihuahua, Mexico., Published as part of Rainer Hutterer, 1993, Order Insectivora, pp. 69-130 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 110, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353085, {"references":["Repenning, C. A. 1967. Subfamilies and genera of the Soricidae. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 565: 1 - 74.","Reumer, J. W. F. 1984. Ruscinian and early Pleistocene Soricidae (Insectivora, Mammalia) from Tegelen (The Netherlands) and Hungary. Scripta Geologica, 73: 1 - 173.","Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90.","Choate, J. R. 1969. Taxonomic status of the shrew, Notiosorex (Xenosorex) phillipsii Schaldach, 1966 (Mammalia: Insectivora). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82: 469 - 476.","Lindsay, E. H., and L. L. Jacobs. 1985. Pliocene small mammal fossils from Chihuahua, Mexico. Paleontologia Mexicana, 51: 1 - 53."]}

Notiosorex crawfordi (Coues, 1877). Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 3:631. TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Texas, El Paso Co., 2 mi. above El Paso, "near Fort Bliss, New Mexico (Practically El Paso Texas)." (Merriam, 18956:32). DISTRIBUTION: SW and SC USA to Baja California and N and C Mexico. SYNONYMS: evotis. COMMENTS: Includes evotis; see Armstrong and Jones (1971a). Reviewed by Armstrong and Jones (19726, Mammalian Species, 17)., Published as part of Rainer Hutterer, 1993, Order Insectivora, pp. 69-130 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 111, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353085, {"references":["Armstrong, D. M., and J. K. Jones, Jr. 1971 a. Mammals from the Mexican state of Sinaloa, 1. Marsupialia, Insectivora, Edentata, Lagomorpha. Journal of Mammalogy, 52: 747 - 757."]}

A new genus and species of shrew is described from the upper Pliocene Beck Ranch local fauna of Scurry County, Texas. Among fossil and living American shrews, the new shrew most closely resembles the extinct Notiosorex jacksoni Hibbard.

Notiosorex crawfordi (Coues, 1877). Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 3: 631. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A., Texas, El Paso Co., Fort Bliss, 2 mi. (3 km) above El Paso. DISTRIBUTION: S.W. and S.C. United States to Baja California and N. Michoacan (Mexico). COMMENT: Includes evotis; see Armstrong and Jones, 1971, J. Mammal., 52:747-757. Reviewed by Armstrong and Jones, 1972, Mamm. Species, 17:1-5. ISIS NUMBER: 5301403007013001001., Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Insectivora, pp. 58-106 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 89, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353001, {"references":["Jones, G. S., and R. E. Mumford. 1971. Chimarrogale from Taiwan. Journal of Mammalogy, 52: 228 - 232."]}

DURING the present year some very important work has bsen done with the Soricidae, the family of the Shrews. This has been mainly contributed by the well-known student of the group, Dr. George E. Dobson, F.R.S., the distinguished mammalogist. Dr. Dobson has just published the first fasciculus of Part III. of his work entitled “A Monograph of the Insectivora, Systematic and Anatomical” (Gurney and Jackson, London). This fasciculus deals entirely with the Shrews, it being a quarto illustrated by six fine lithographic plates fully illustrating the dentition of the Soricidae, as its text, in the most admirable manner, presents their characters. Even a still more important paper by the same author appeared in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for February of the present year, and is entitled “A Synopsis of the Genera of the Family Soricidae.” Probably the most extensive collection of these interesting little mammals ever examined by a single investigator, came under the hand of the writer of the works just quoted, wherefrom to make his deductions. His classification is most complete and acceptable, and goes to show that the Shrews are first to be divided into two sub-families, viz. the Soricidae, and the Crocidurinae, the first being characterized by having their teeth red-tipped, while in the latter the teeth are white. Five genera make up the first sub-family—which stand, Sorex, Soriculus, Blarina, Notiosorex, and Crossopus. In the Crocidurinae we find six genera—namely, Myosorex, Crocidura, Diplomesodon, Anurosorex, Chimarrogale, and Nectogale. This adds four genera to M. Milne-Edwards's list, and from the same omits the genus Neosorex. Dr. Dobson believes that “the redtoothed Shrews diverged from the white-toothed, development having proceeded on somewhat similar lines in the descendants of both according to similarity of environment and modes of life.” Of Dr. Merriam's genus and type, Atophyrax bendirii, he says that “there are no leading characters which would enable one to define the genus, were I inclined to admit it in my synopsis.”

Clark (Jour. Mamm., 34:117,1953) and Glass (Jour. Mamm., 34:118,1953) have reported specimens of Notiosorex crawfordi Coues from Pushmataha County (southeastern Oklahoma) and Cimarron County (extreme northwestern corner of Oklahoma …

Study of remains of Sorex vagrans , S. nanus and Notiosorex craw-fordi from pre-Basketmaker deposits in Hermit Cave, New Mexico, revealed that S. vagrans was smaller than animals of this species currently living in nearby mountains. However, the other two species were essentially like their extant relatives.

A number of records not heretofore reported and a lack of distributional data of Arizona soricids prompted the author to report on the distribution of Soricidae in Arizona using all available records. Insectivores in Arizona are represented by five sp,ecies of shrews.: Sorex vagrans monticola Merriam, S. merriami leucogenys Osgood, S. nanus Merriam, S. palustris navigator (Baird), and Notiosorex crawfordi crawfordi (Coues). S. vagrans is represented by 126 specimens, S. merriami by six, S. nanus by two, S. palustris by three, and Notiosorex by 27. Each species account consists of the altitudinal range, geographical distribution, ecological distribution, and records of occurrence. The following abbreviations are used with the records of occurrence: BS . . . United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Survey Collections, Washington, D. C. Carnegie . . . Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. CMNH . . . Chicago Museum of Natural History. MVZ . . . Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. RWD . . . collection of Robert W. Dickerman. SDSNH . . . San Diego Society of Natural History, San Diego, California. UA . .. Department of Zoology, University of Arizona, Tucson. UI . . . Department of Zoology, University of Illinois, Urbana. UM ... Department of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. A distribution map for each species and a master locality map (Fig. 1) are included within the body of the report.