We report a novel functional bis(terpyridine)metal(II) complex coordination nanosheet (CONASH) comprising a three-armed terpyridine ligand and Ni2+ ion. The colourless Ni-terpyridine CONASH was synthesized by the method of interfacial coordination reaction at an interface of two immiscible liquids. The synthesized CONASH was characterized with various microscopic observations such as TEM, SEM, and AFM, and spectroscopic measurements such as XPS, IR, SEM/EDS, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The bis(terpyridine)nickel(II) complex nanosheet demonstrated redox-activity stemming from terpyridine complexes without distinctive colour change. Thus, the bis(terpyridine)nickel(II) coordination nanosheet is a potential redox-active material with colourlessness and flexibility, necessary for future transparent electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
COINS, CENT, AMERICAN coins, NICKEL (Coin), COIN collecting
Abstract
The article focuses on the interplay between numismatics and broader economic and political factors, emphasizing that understanding coin rarity and mintages requires insight into these external influences. Topics include the impact of an economic downturn on coin production in the early 1950s, the effect of reduced military spending following the Korean War, and how these factors led to significantly lower mintages for U.S. coins in 1955 compared to 1954.
COIN collecting, CENT, ANCIENT coins, NICKEL (Coin), DOLLAR coins
Abstract
The article provides an overview of the Alabama Bankers Association's coin collection, which was established in 1953 with a donation from members. The collection consists of various types of coins, including American colonials, American, ancient Roman and Greek, and European coins. It was displayed in different banks across the state and received positive recognition. The article also mentions George Klein, who initially contributed to the collection and later sold his own coin collection through auctions. The fate of the collection is discussed, with it being sold in 1997 to pay off debts, some coins being recovered by the University of Alabama, and a portion being consigned to Heritage Auctions. The exact extent and value of the collection are not well-documented. [Extracted from the article]
The article focuses on the significant changes and developments in the American nickel coinage between 1877 and 1884, a period marked by substantial upheaval in the U.S. monetary system. It details the shift from the Shield nickel, whose production was halted due to overstock, to the introduction of the Liberty Head nickel, highlighting key events such as design revisions, mintage figures, and public reactions to these changes.
COINAGE, QUARTER-dollar, CENT, NICKEL (Coin), DOLLAR coins
Abstract
The article focuses on Congressional influence on U.S. coinage design and production, highlighting historical instances of interference dating back to the 1830s. It discusses various legislative mandates for coin denominations and designs, reflecting both practical considerations and political pressures.
Time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS) is used in a simulation study to monitor the excited state intramolecular proton transfer between oxygen and nitrogen atoms in 2-(iminomethyl)phenol. Real-time monitoring of the chemical bond breaking and forming processes is obtained through the time evolution of excitedstate chemical shifts. By employing individual atomic probes of the proton donor and acceptor atoms, we predict distinct signals with opposite chemical shifts of the donor and acceptor groups during proton transfer. Details of the ultrafast bond breaking and forming dynamics are revealed by extending the classical electron spectroscopy chemical analysis to real time. Through a comparison with simulated time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy at the valence level, the distinct advantage of TR-XPS is demonstrated thanks to its atom specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Duc Minh Nguyen, Rath, Deanna H., Devost, Dominic, Pétrin, Darlaine, Rizk, Robert, Ji, Alan X., Narayanan, Naveen, Darren Yong, Yong, Darren, Kuntz, Douglas A., Mian, Maha U. Q., Pomroy, Neil C., Keszei, Alexander F. A., Benlekbir, Samir, Mazhab-Jafari, Mohammad T., Rubinstein, John L., Hébert, Terence E., and Privé, Gilbert G.
Heterotrimeric G proteins can be regulated by posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitylation. KCTD5, a pentameric substrate receptor protein consisting of an N-terminal BTB domain and a C-terminal domain, engages CUL3 to form the central scaffold of a cullin-RING E3 ligase complex (CRL3KCTD5) that ubiquitylates Gβγ and reduces Gβγ protein levels in cells. The cryo-EM structure of a 5:5:5 KCTD5/CUL3NTD/Gβ1γ2 assembly reveals a highly dynamic complex with rotations of over 60° between the KCTD5BTB/CUL3NTD and KCTD5CTD/Gβγ moieties of the structure. CRL3KCTD5 engages the E3 ligase ARIH1 to ubiquitylate Gβγ in an E3-E3 superassembly, and extension of the structure to include full-length CUL3 with RBX1 and an ARIH1~ubiquitin conjugate reveals that some conformational states position the ARIH1~ubiquitin thioester bond to within 10 Å of lysine-23 of Gβ and likely represent priming complexes. Most previously described CRL/substrate structures have consisted of monovalent complexes and have involved flexible peptide substrates. The structure of the KCTD5/CUL3NTD/Gβγ complex shows that the oligomerization of a substrate receptor can generate a polyvalent E3 ligase complex and that the internal dynamics of the substrate receptor can position a structured target for ubiquitylation in a CRL3 complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Bagheri, Sotoodeh, Vasfi, Mona, and Masoodi, Hamid Reza
Subjects
*SPIN-spin coupling constants, *NICKEL (Coin), *NATURAL orbitals, *HALOGENS, *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance, *ELECTRON density
Abstract
The substituent effects on cooperativity between pnicogen and halogen bonds in ternary complexes involving pyrimidine with substituents X in the 5-position (X = CN, NC, CF3, Br, Cl, F, H, CH3, C(CH3)3, NH2, N(CH3)2), H2FP, and ClF are investigated using theoretical calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level. The reduced density gradient (RDG) analysis indicates that the halogen and pnicogen interactions clearly stand out as attractive interactions. The calculated synergetic energies in ternary complexes are positive, which demonstrates the antagonist effect of pnicogen and halogen interactions upon each other. According to geometrical parameters, binding energies, molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs), and the results of natural bond orbital (NBO), atoms in molecules (AIM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, pnicogen and halogen bonds are weakened in the ternary complexes where two pnicogen and halogen bonds coexist. The results indicate reduced electron density values, second-order perturbation energies, charge transfer values, and two-bonded spin–spin coupling constants for both pnicogen and halogen bonds in the ternary complex as compared to the isolated binary systems. Also, the results show that substituent effects on cooperativity between N...P pnicogen and N...Cl halogen bonds in considered system can be expressed by Hammett constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
QUARTER-dollar, CENT, NICKEL (Coin), DOLLAR coins, COPPER coins
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of various aspects of United States coinage. It covers the composition of different coins, including the use of alloys such as nickel, copper, and manganese. The article also discusses the existence of pattern coins, which were considered for circulation but never released. It highlights the interest in collecting coins with specific dates, including overdates and doubled dates, as well as different types of errors that can occur during the coining process. The article concludes by mentioning the different mints that have produced United States coins and suggests that collecting a set of coins from each mint is relatively achievable. [Extracted from the article]
DATA analysis, DEBT, FINANCIAL ratios, NET worth, PROFIT & loss, LIQUIDITY (Economics), VISUALIZATION, FINANCE, PROFITABILITY, WORKING capital, NICKEL (Coin), FINANCIAL statements
Abstract
Copyright of Técnica Contable y Financiera is the property of Wolters Kluwer Espana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
The diffusion processes during the contact melting at the boundary of explosively welded VT1-0 titanium with CuNi19 (melchior) and CuNi45 (constantan) alloy composites were studied. Heat treatment of composites led to the formation of the interaction zone at the joint boundary. The interaction zone in VT1-0 + CuNi19 consists of TiCuNi and αTi + Ti2Cu(Ni) continuous layers as well as a mixture of TiNi(Cu) + TiCu(Ni) + Ti2Cu(Ni) intermetallics. It has been shown that an increase in the nickel content in the case of VT1-0 + CuNi45 composite leads to a decrease in the temperature of contact melting, a change in its mechanism, an increase in the titanium content in the interaction zone, and the appearance of additional Ti2Ni(Cu) intermetallic in its composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
We assessed volatility transmissions that occurred (inter and intra) commodities of metals and energy from October 16, 1998 to October 17, 2018. With a total of 5220 price observations for each commodity, we estimate spillover indexes. We measure such transmissions among twelve commodities and computed the parcels of shock's effects in each pairwise of assets. We also compute how much of these volatilities transmissions was absorbed by each asset in these markets. And using complex network statistics metrics, we describe statistically and graphically these transmissions. Our results pointed that total connectivity is 53% and, through the network analysis, we realize that the greatest interactions occur involving oil and nickel and gold and silver. We confirm the findings of Arouri, et al. (2013) that most precious metals can be a good hedge option in stock portfolios and other assets, especially when there are crises or increased uncertainties in international financial markets. Indeed, we also attested to the conclusion of Papenfuß et al. (2021) that the value of metals was what, among the factors analyzed by them, had a relevant negative effect on the pricing and forecasting. We believe that these evidence are useful for the literatures of financial networks and metallic/energetic commodity markets; as well for investors, risk managers, fund managers, policy makers and metals and energy's producers and buyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Herein, we report four new chiral 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (TACN) derivatives and their corresponding nickel(II) chloride complexes. All TACN ligands are bearing one chiral N‐substituent and two alkyl (methyl or tert‐butyl) N‐substituents, and we have developed a new synthetic method for the dimethyl‐substituted TACN derivative, in order to prevent the rotational isomers that hinder the cyclization reaction. The nickel complexes change their coordination geometry significantly depending on the steric bulk of the N‐alkyl substituents, from a dinuclear tris(μ‐chloro)dinickel complex to mononuclear Ni‐dichloride and Ni‐chloride complexes. These complexes were then employed in the alkyl‐alkyl Kumada cross‐coupling reaction and revealed that the more sterically hindered ligands produced more homocoupled product rather than the cross‐coupled product, while the mononuclear Ni‐dichloride complex exhibited significantly lower catalytic activity. These chiral complexes were also employed in enantioconvergent cross‐coupling reactions as well, to afford significant enantioenrichment. Overall, the least sterically hindered Ni complex yields the best yields in the alkyl‐alkyl Kumada cross‐coupling reaction among the four complexes investigated, as well as the highest enantioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
NICKEL (Coin), NICKEL, CENT, AMERICAN Civil War, 1861-1865, FINANCIAL crises
Abstract
The article evaluates the historical context behind the creation of the U.S. nickel, revealing its origins during the American Civil War and its evolution from silver coins to copper-nickel compositions. It discusses the influence of key figures like Joseph Wharton and Mint Director James Pollock, highlighting the controversies and changes in design that shaped the coin's development, culminating in the introduction of the iconic Jefferson nickel in the 1930s and its subsequent modifications.
Lee, Jon, Paat, Joseph, Stallknecht, Ingo, and Xu, Luze
Subjects
POLYNOMIALS, INTEGERS, POLYNOMIAL time algorithms, ABSOLUTE value, AIR forces, NICKEL (Coin)
Abstract
We study integer-valued matrices with bounded determinants. Such matrices appear in the theory of integer programs (IPs) with bounded determinants. For example, an IP can be solved in strongly polynomial time if the constraint matrix is bimodular: that is, the determinants are bounded in absolute value by two. Determinants are also used to bound the ℓ 1 distance between IP solutions and solutions of its linear relaxation. One of the first to quantify the complexity of IPs with bounded determinants was Heller, who identified the maximum number of differing columns in a totally unimodular matrix. Each extension of Heller's bound to general determinants has been superpolynomial in the determinants or the number of equations. We provide the first column bound that is polynomial in both values. For integer programs with box constraints, our result gives the first ℓ 1 distance bound that is polynomial in the determinants and the number of equations. Our result can also be used to derive a bound on the height of Graver basis elements that is polynomial in the determinants and the number of equations. Furthermore, we show a tight bound on the number of differing columns in a bimodular matrix; this is the first tight bound since Heller. Our analysis reveals combinatorial properties of bimodular IPs that may be of independent interest. Funding: J. Lee was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-21-1-2135] and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-19-1-0175]. J. Paat was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant [Grant RGPIN-2021-02475]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The potential applications of nanowires in thermal management and thermoelectric energy conversion have sparked extensive research on thermal transport in various nanowires. Nickel nanowires, with their unique properties and promising applications, have been extensively studied. However, the influence of size, particularly the impact of kink structures, on the thermal transport behavior in nickel nanowires remains unclear. In this paper, we employed electron-beam lithography and liftoff techniques to fabricate suspended nickel nanowires with varying sizes and kinks to experimentally investigate the size and kink effect on the thermal conductivity. The experimental results revealed that the thermal transport behavior of nickel nanowires is significantly influenced by both size and kink effects. Notably, as the nanowire size decreases, the thermal conductivity also decreases. Furthermore, we discovered that the thermal conductivity can be adjusted by altering the number and angle of kinks. Increasing the number of kinks from 18 to 36 resulted in a significant decrease in thermal conductivity. In contrast, as the kink angle decreased from 157° to 90°, the thermal conductivity also decreased. However, intriguingly, when the kink angle was further decreased from 90° to 43°, the thermal conductivity increases. This non-monotonic change in thermal conductivity with the kink angle provides an interesting insight into the intricate behavior of heat carriers in kinked nickel nanowires. Additionally, we found that varying the alloy elements can profoundly alter the thermal conductivity of nanowires with kinks. These results offer valuable insights into the behaviors of heat carriers, including electrons and phonons, during heat transfer in nickel nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
COMMODITY futures, STOCK index futures, PRICE indexes, FUTURES sales & prices, TIME series analysis, NICKEL (Coin)
Abstract
This paper explores the variation pattern of nickel futures prices using the daily closing levels of the nickel futures price index of the London Futures Exchange and the Shanghai Futures Exchange. The data coarse-graining method is employed to transform the continuous time series data of price index changes into symbols {P, N, M}, which are slid through continuous windows to form the modalities of price index linkage fluctuations. By treating the modalities as nodes and the transformations between them as edges, a weighted directed complex network is constructed to represent the linked volatility of the LME and SHFE nickel futures indices time series. The complex network is applied to analyse the network characteristics and obtain the inner pattern of the linked fluctuations. The results show that the complex network of time series linked volatility of the LME and SHFE nickel futures indices exhibits a power-law nature, with closely linked subgroups formed within it. And the mode transitions within these subgroups follow certain patterns. This paper also identifies core positioned modes and important intermediate modes that reflect the dynamics of nickel prices in reality. The method presented in this paper may be extended to related fields and has good applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The facile synthesis of large size borophene is highly desirable, especially in reserving green energy by borophene-based Li-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, an easy method of synthesizing a series of nickel foam (NF) deposited with borophene sheets without the use of catalysts is reported via an improved chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. During the CVD process, the B2O2 vapor was moved to the heated nickel foam and converted into Ni3B and crystalline B under an H2 atmosphere. Numerous micron-sized lamellar borophene with thicknesses of less than 2 nm were deposited on the surface of the nickel foam, and the borophene sheets displayed ultrathin and transparency. Deep microstructural analysis revealed the crystalline nature of pure B in the as-obtained borophene sheets, and the β12-phase is dominant. The β12-borophene holds great potential for designing high-capacity anode material for LIBs. When the nickel foam-supported borophene sheets were directly used as a self-supporting binder-free anode material for LIBs, the NF framework not only hindered the aggregation of borophene sheets and alleviated the strain change during the lithiation/delithiation process but also provided a three-dimensional highway conductive network for fast electron transport. The fabricated electrodes exhibit superior lithium storage capacity and cyclic stability than blank NF electrodes. However, the results suggest that this is still far lower than the theoretical lithium storage capacity of the boron anode. The kinetics analysis combined with density functional theory calculations demonstrated that slow electron and ion transportation in the electrodes is attributed to the existence of the Ni3B phase and deactivated borophene. This study may provide vital guidance for designing high-performance borophene-based LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
• We describe a model of optimal consumer-merchant exchange of cash payments. • Diary data are used to quantify the burden of exchanging currency notes and coins. • The model and data are used to analyze the effects of eliminating the one-penny coin. • Penny elimination would reduce the burden of exchanging cash. • Penny elimination would result in little or no inflationary consequences. • Elimination of the penny and the nickel would not reduce this burden relative to penny elimination only. This article quantifies the burden of exchanging currency notes and coins using a model of optimal consumer-merchant exchange of cash payments and consumer payment choice diary data. The model is then applied to analyze a policy debate whether to eliminate the penny coin from circulation. We find that penny elimination would reduce the burden of exchanging cash and will not have any significant inflationary consequences caused by price rounding. Surprisingly, a removal of both the penny and nickel coins from circulation would slightly increase (not decrease) the burden relative to penny elimination only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Olivine, one of the most abundant silicates on earth, thermodynamically captures CO2 in relevant amounts during its dissolution. Upscaling the use of this mineral as a replacement for sand or gravel may contribute to reduce concentrations of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. However, the reliable quantification of weathering rates and prognoses for effects of various environmental conditions on weathering are lacking. This currently inhibits the monitoring, reporting and verification of CO2 capture and hampers the exploitation of the carbon dioxide removal economy. A mineral dissolution model was developed, and olivine weathering rates were directly coupled to particle sizes of the ground mineral. A particle size-dependent calculation approach, based on the shrinking core model, showed faster weathering rates as compared to a single-size, monodisperse approach. This provided a better underpinning of the prediction of the overall weathering and, consequently, the sequestration rate of CO2. Weathering of olivine releases nickel, which is incorporated in the mineral. The dissolution model was coupled to advanced biotic ligand models (BLM) for nickel in order to assess potential chronic ecotoxicological risks upon release in the environment. Predicted no-effect concentrations for nickel showed that both the release of Mg and the increase of pH following olivine weathering significantly lowers nickel ecotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
NICKEL (Coin), COINS, FINITE element method, NICKEL, COMPARATIVE studies, METALS
Abstract
Along time, many minted coins were withdrawn from circulation, being replaced with new ones. The returned obsolete metal coins were melted in order to use the alloy for other purpose. Between the withdrawing and melting, some of the metal coins were cancelled by destruction of the original shape and dimension, using some adequate tools. The paper presents some aspects about the cancelling method used on the Romanian old nickel coins. In the first part of the paper, the introductive aspects about the used cancelling methods are presented; also, there are presented some examples. In the paper second part, the simplified 3D model computed for the cancelling dies, respectively the coin, are presented. Then, there are introduced the assembled models, corresponding to each cancelling case, which consist by the obverse and reverse cancelling dies, having the coin inside them. For the each model, the finite element analysis is realized and is achieved for different initial conditions. The final part of the paper presents the analysis results and also the conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Because of this, bullion dealers used gold to buy up silver coins for shipment abroad; as early as the spring of 1850 there was not all that many United States silver coins to be seen in the marketplaces. There were mass coinages of small silver coins at all the mints; so many pieces were struck that merchants now complained about too many silver coins in circulation. Snowden illegally exchanged silver coins for bullion although the law required that he exchange silver coins only for gold. Although coinages were reasonably heavy for the trime from 1856 through 1858, this was actually the result of Mint Director James Ross Snowden promoting silver coins for public use, not for any real demand. [Extracted from the article]
Microbial electrolysis cell can utilize biocathode attached to methanogens to reduce CO2 to methane.A conductive nickel-based polyvinylidene fluoride(Ni-PVDF) composite hollow fiber membrane was prepared by electroless nickel plating.The Ni-PVDF hollow fiber membrane was assembled into a membrane module electrode, which served as the biocathode of the microbial electrolysis cell for methane production.The H2 produced by the hydrogen evolution reaction catalyzed by the cathode nickel layer and CO2 were utilized by the hydrogenotrophic methanogens to produce methane through indirect electron transfer.The results showed that the cumulative methane production(2 176.24 mmol/(L·m²)) of the direct CO2 transport system using the Ni-PVDF hollow fiber membrane module cathode was much greater than that of the indirect CO2 transport system with the membrane module only acting as the cathode(613.94 mmol/(L·m²)) after the system run stably.The high specific surface area of the membrane module cathode and the direct CO2 transmission of the cathode greatly reduce the gas-liquid mass transfer resistance, thus ensuring the high methane production of the direct CO2 transmission system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ELECTRON beams, INGOTS, NICKEL, NICKEL (Coin), COMPUTER simulation, MOLYBDENUM
Abstract
A multi-physics model has been developed to investigate the molybdenum and nickel distribution in large-scale Ti-0.3 wt.% Mo-0.8 wt.% Ni slab ingots obtained by electron beam cold hearth melting. Numerical methods are pivotal in revealing the distribution trends of molybdenum and nickel in slab ingot in different casting conditions. The distribution of molybdenum slightly changed between 0.28 and 0.32 wt.% in the solidified ingot. However, the sharp change in the nickel distribution (between 0.73 and 1.53 wt.%) was caused by the fluid velocity decrease along the flow direction, resulting from a weakened vortexing effect. Additionally, the increase of the casting speed or pouring temperature led to a deeper molten pool and evident vortexing effect. A potential relationship indicates the decrease of nickel segregation degree at higher pouring temperatures, or the casting speed decrease within the research scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
NICKEL (Coin), NICKEL, MEDALS, AMERICAN Civil War, 1861-1865, CENT
Abstract
The article discusses the history of use of bronze instead of nickel in coinage in the U.S. during the American Civil War of 1861-1865. It informs that the coinage dwindled in the early 1870s and halted by the Treasury because too many of the pieces were flowing back to government vaults. It also informs that the coinage resumed in a small way in 1879, but until December 1881 such mintages were intended for collectors.
The formation of carbon–carbon bonds from prebiotic precursors such as carbon dioxide represents the foundation of all primordial life processes. In extant organisms, this reaction is carried out by the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH)/acetyl coenzyme A synthase (ACS) enzyme, which performs the cornerstone reaction in the ancient Wood–Ljungdahl metabolic pathway to synthesize the key biological metabolite, acetylCoA. Despite its significance, a fundamental understanding of this transformation is lacking, hampering efforts to harness analogous chemistry. To address these knowledge gaps, we have designed an artificial metalloenzyme within the azurin protein scaffold as a structural, functional, and mechanistic model of ACS. We demonstrate the intermediacy of the NiI species and requirement for ordered substrate binding in the bioorganometallic carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction from the one-carbon ACS substrates. The electronic and geometric structures of the nickel-acetyl intermediate have been characterized using time-resolved optical, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. Moreover, we demonstrate that the nickel-acetyl species is chemically competent for selective acyl transfer upon thiol addition to biosynthesize an activated thioester. Drawing an analogy to the native enzyme, a mechanism for thioester generation by this ACS model has been proposed. The fundamental insight into the enzymatic process provided by this rudimentary ACS model has implications for the evolution of primitive ACS-like proteins. Ultimately, these findings offer strategies for development of highly active catalysts for sustainable generation of liquid fuels from one-carbon substrates, with potential for broad applications across diverse fields ranging from energy storage to environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The article focuses on Centaurus Metals Ltd and its Jaguar nickel project in Brazil, emphasizing the company's achievement of a low carbon footprint and competitive cost advantage through renewable power infrastructure. Topics include the independent assessment confirming Jaguar's leading carbon credentials, the strategic shift to a concentrate-only project, and the significance of Brazil's renewable energy sources for cost savings and sustainability.
The article focuses on the author's journey into collecting Standing Liberty (S-L) quarters, spurred by discovering their appeal despite initial hesitation. Topics discussed include the challenges posed by tough dates, weak strikes, and the author's preference for high-grade, blast white coins with CAC Green Beans.
The article focuses on discussions at the West Australian Mining Club's (WAMC's) luncheon, covering topics like equity markets, uranium prices, and global politics. It reports panellists including Andrew Grove of Aura Energy Ltd, Liam Twigger of Argonaut Ltd, and Courtney Libby of Canaccord Genuity, addressed concerns over nickel and lithium markets, uranium's investment potential, and the impact of global events on commodity prices.
The article discusses the history of the five-cent denomination shield nickel coins in the U.S. Topics include the coinage of half dimes during 1795 to 1805, portrait of late 16th U.S. president Abraham Lincoln in the 1866 pattern nickel coin, removal of the rays on the coin design by engraver James Longacre, who was approached by Chief coiner A. Loudon Snowden in the latter part of 1866.
AMERICAN coins, EAGLE (Coin), NICKEL (Coin), COINAGE, WATER buffalo
Abstract
Have you ever thought about which 20th century U.S. coins have the best designs? For example, $1 American Silver Eagles bear Adolph Weinman's Walking Liberty half dollar design on their obverses, and Augustus Saint-Gaudens' double eagle obverse graces the American Eagle gold bullion pieces. There is one bullion coin, however, that has both the obverse and reverse of the earlier coin: the American Buffalo 24-karat gold piece. [Extracted from the article]
The association between two intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) may produce a fuzzy complex characterized by a high binding affinity, similar to that found in the ultrastable complexes formed between two well-structured proteins. Here, using coarsegrained simulations, we quantified the biophysical forces driving the formation of such fuzzy complexes. We found that the high-affinity complex formed between the highly and oppositely charged H1 and ProTα proteins is sensitive to electrostatic interactions. We investigated 52 variants of the complex by swapping charges between the two oppositely charged proteins to produce sequences whose negatively or positively charged residue content was more homogeneous or heterogenous (i.e., polyelectrolytic or polyampholytic, having higher or lower absolute net charges, respectively) than the wild type. We also changed the distributions of oppositely charged residues within each participating sequence to produce variants in which the charges were segregated or well mixed. Both types of changes significantly affect binding affinity in fuzzy complexes, which is governed by both enthalpy and entropy. The formation of H1-ProTa is supported by an increase in configurational entropy and by entropy due to counterion release. The latter can be twice as large as the former, illustrating the dominance of counterion entropy in modulating the binding thermodynamics. Complexes formed between proteins with greater absolute net charges are more stable, both enthalpically and entropically, indicating that enthalpy and entropy have a mutually reinforcing effect. The sensitivity of the thermodynamics of the complex to net charge and the charge pattern within each of the binding constituents may provide a means to achieve binding specificity between IDPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
NICKEL (Coin), NICKEL, ARBITRAGE, ELECTRIC vehicle batteries
Abstract
Indonesia is aiming to decrease Chinese involvement in new nickel projects in order to meet the requirements for US government subsidies, according to the Financial Times. The government is reportedly in talks with investors to establish new smelters where Chinese companies have less than a 25% stake. Indonesia is the world's largest nickel producer, but currently, Chinese companies dominate the local processing of the metal. If Indonesia's production does not meet the criteria set by the US Inflation Reduction Act, it may be excluded from subsidies for electric vehicles. [Extracted from the article]
Hunt, Paul-Alain, Biesheuvel, Thomas, and Burton, Mark
Subjects
NICKEL, MINES & mineral resources, ELECTRIC vehicle batteries, NICKEL mining, METAL-base fuel, NICKEL (Coin)
Abstract
BHP Group Ltd. is temporarily closing its nickel business in Australia due to low prices caused by a global glut of the metal. The company will place its Nickel West business on "care and maintenance" from October until at least February 2027. BHP plans to spend A$450 million ($304 million) a year to support a potential restart if market conditions and the outlook for nickel improve. Nickel prices have declined in recent years due to increased production from Indonesia, leading to plant closures and stalled projects for established producers. BHP previously aimed to make nickel a key part of its transition away from fossil fuels. [Extracted from the article]
Hunt, Paul-Alain, Biesheuvel, Thomas, and Burton, Mark
Subjects
NICKEL, MINES & mineral resources, NICKEL (Coin), ELECTRIC vehicle batteries, MINE closures, NICKEL mining
Abstract
BHP Group Ltd. has announced that it will temporarily close its nickel business in Australia due to low prices caused by a global glut of the metal. The company will place its Nickel West business on "care and maintenance" from October and will also halt the development of its West Musgrave nickel mine. BHP plans to spend A$450 million ($304 million) a year to support a potential restart if market conditions and the outlook for nickel improve. Nickel prices have plummeted in recent years due to increased production from Indonesia, leading to a surplus in the market. This has affected established producers, with other companies like Anglo American Plc and Glencore also considering selling or shutting down their nickel units. BHP remains optimistic about the future of nickel, with a constructive view of the market from 2030 onwards. However, it will need to see a sustainable deficit in the market before restarting operations. [Extracted from the article]
NICKEL, MINES & mineral resources, ELECTRIC vehicle batteries, PRICES, NICKEL (Coin)
Abstract
BHP Group Ltd., the world's largest mining company, has announced that it will suspend its Nickel West business in Australia from October 2024 until at least 2027 due to low nickel prices. The decision is a response to an oversupply of nickel globally, caused by an influx of low-cost production from Indonesia. BHP will spend $303 million per year to maintain the facility and will review the suspension in February 2027, with the possibility of restarting operations if market conditions improve. This move follows a $3.5 billion impairment to the asset and a strategic review announced by BHP in February. [Extracted from the article]
NICKEL (Coin), NICKEL, AMERICAN coins, PEACE, LIBERTY, MEDALS
Abstract
The article offers information on the Great American Coin and Collectibles Show in Tampa, Florida, where the United States Mint will display and sell various items, including the 2024 proof Morgan and Peace silver dollars. Topics include the joint production of the show by Coin World magazine and Shepherd Expos Management, the release of the proof silver dollars to the public on September 12, and the presence of the Mint's mascot, Bill the Buffalo, handing out Youth Collector Kits.
[Display omitted] • The surface phosphorus-induced strategy generates Ni-P(δ−) and Fe-P(δ−) stable bonding states. • The recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs was inhibited. • Enhanced absorbance intensity and absorption range. • Hydrogen evolution performance is 82 times of the NiFe-LDH. Light-driven semiconductor splitting of water for hydrogen production is becoming increasingly important in the direction of obtaining clean energy. In this study, high-temperature P-induced corrosion of NiFe-LDH was used to generate P-metal strong surface bonding states. The surface layout of Ni/Fe-P(δ−) covalent bonds on the one hand enriches the active sites for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and opens up the valve for accelerated hydrogen production. On the other hand, it opens the migration channel for photogenerated electrons, which broadens the electron supply for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. FTIR spectroscopy and XPS results showed that Ni/Fe-P covalent bonds were successfully deployed on the catalysts. PL results showed that the introduction of covalent bonds had a facilitating effect on promoting the separation and migration of photogenerated electrons. The design of Ni-P(δ−) and Fe-P(δ−) bonds was further confirmed by In situ irradiated X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to open the channels for trapping and transporting electrons. Based on the experimental results, we propose a possible bimolecular mechanism for synergistic hydrogen evolution, which provides novel and unique insights into the in-depth analysis of the influence of surface bonding states on the photocatalytic mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
[Display omitted] • C(sp3) to C(sp2) relaxation depends on ion dose and annealing temperature. • Nitrogen exists mainly in C–N/C N bonding configuration below critical dose. • Ion retention probability decreases for higher doses due to recombination-assisted desorption. • Nitrogen desorption onset increases with ion dose. The properties of ultra-shallow nitrogen layers (<1 nm thick) in diamonds produced by very low energy (200 eV) N 2 + implantation in polycrystalline diamond films at different doses (1.25×1014, 3.50×1014, 7.85×1014, 1.30×1015 and 9×1015 ions·cm−2), followed by thermal annealing, are investigated by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Spectral analyses of C(1s) and N(1s) peaks reveal that a chemical effect occurs depending on nitrogen local concentration and annealing temperature. Nitrogen exists in a predominant C N/C–N bonding configuration, followed by minor contributions of C≡N and quaternary-N configurations. Annealing (300–1000 °C) imparts complex effects that depend on local nitrogen concentration and bonding. The onset of nitrogen thermal desorption increases with ion dose: 300 °C for 1.25×1014 and 3.50×1014, 400 °C for 7.85×1014, and ∼650 °C for 1.30×1015 and 9×1015 ions·cm−2. Upon annealing to 1000 °C, the remaining nitrogen concentration in the diamond subsurface region increases with ion dose. The C N/C–N configuration was more thermally stable than the C≡N, while the quaternary-N is constant with annealing temperature. The nitrogen ion retention probability increased for 1.25×1014 and 3.50×1014 and decreased for the higher doses due to recombination-assisted desorption. This study may have important implications for stabilizing near-surface NV- centers for quantum sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
• β-NiAl phase precipitates in a novel high Ru-containing Ni-SC. • Ru element is found to be obviously biased in β-NiAl phase. • The partition of Ru assists nucleation of β-NiAl phase during solidification. • Studies based on the solidification path of experimental alloy were carried out. The precipitation of β-NiAl phase in a high Ru-containing Ni-based single crystal superalloys was investigated. The β-NiAl phase is mainly distributed in the interdendritic region of the as-cast structure. And it was found parts of Ru elements were polarized in β-NiAl phase as the existence of strong bonds between Ru atoms and Al atoms. In addition, the solidification path of the experimental alloy passes through the region of the L → L 1 + γ → L 2 + γ + β-NiAl → L 3 + γ + β-NiAl + precipitated γ′ → γ + β-NiAl + precipitated γ′ + γ/γ′ eutectics. It provides experimental data and theoretical guidance for the composition design of the novel Ru-containing high-generation Ni-SCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
• The added interlayer can decrease the width of the diffusion zone near the interface. • The formation tendency of Laves phase can be decrease by added interlayer. • The added interlayer can promote the formation of Ni 2 (Cr,Mo). • The strength of the plate adding nickel interlayer increased by 35 % to 341 MPa. The brittle Laves phase forming on the interfaces of nickel-based composite plate has evident effect on its application. For the purpose of decreasing the formation of brittle phase and improving mechanical performance, X65/IN625 composite plates were synthesized using vacuum hot pressing under varying conditions. The investigation was focused on understanding the bonding properties and interfacial microstructure of these composites. The results show that the optimal process is 30 min holding time, 30 MPa pressure and 1050 °C heating temperature. It is worth noting that after the addition of nickel and invar alloy interlayers to the composite plate, the interface bonding strength of the composite plate is significantly improved by approximately 35 % (341 MPa) and 17 % (305 MPa), respectively, compared to plates without interlayer. This is because the addition of nickel and invar alloy layer can decrease the width of the diffusion zone near the interface and effectively inhibit the diffusion of Fe element, thereby reducing the formation tendency of Laves phase, and promoting the formation of Ni 2 (Cr,Mo). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4) nanostructures (NSs) were synthesized via a low-cost and reproducible co-precipitation method. The as-synthesized material was annealed at different temperatures to investigate electrochemical performances for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and energy storage capacity. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the cubic structure of NiFe 2 O 4 (NF) NSs. The decreased agglomeration and increased particle size were observed by field effect scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with annealing temperature. The presence of Ni–O and Fe–O bonds at tetrahedral and octahedral sites was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The electrochemical analysis studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated that the NF NSs annealed at 900 °C exhibited impressive electrochemical activity with a specific capacitance of ∼136 F/g, outperforming samples synthesized at lower temperatures. Moreover, the electrode material displayed excellent long-term stability over 3000 cycles for ORR activity. The remarkable electrochemical performance of NF NSs at higher annealing temperatures highlights their potential for future energy storage and conversion devices. [Display omitted] • The NiFe 2 O 4 NPs were successfully synthesized by using a simple and economical co-precipitation method. • The cubic nature of the NF NPs was confirmed by XRD and HR-TEM analysis. • The NF annealed at 900 °C showing the highest capacitance of 136 F/g. • The NF NPs having excellent long-term stability over 3000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]