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The article presents the discussion on Medieval Latin commentaries meant "notebooks" or "annotations." Topics include juxtaposing commentaries written by art educators with brief responses from scholars working in neighboring or adjacent fields; and commentaries can be small portals outside the field of art education or small apertures into the field from the outside.

This piece originated as an article in In Medias Res on 31 May 2019 and has been updated for the Journal of Classics Teaching. The author would like to acknowledge the helpful feedback from the editors at In Medias Res and The Journal of Classics Teaching on earlier drafts of this essay. Their suggestions helped produce a superior piece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The late twelfth- or early thirteenth-century elegiac comedy Pamphilus, Glisce-rium et Birria, which was written in France and the names of whose characters are taken from Terence's Andria, is conceived as a parody of the Passion of Christ, his resurrection, and ascension into his Father's reign. This can be proved by lin-guistic and scenic allusions that do not only serve as a means of making readers laugh occasionally, but serve the duty of forming a coherent narrative, although it seems probable that the plot refers to a real event. In applying a parody of biblical texts--a technique familiar in Latin lyrics--to the "modern" genre of elegiac comedy, the author enriches it by a new feature. As he also makes use of elements of the vernacular narrative of the chevalier errant, he creates a specific piece of entertaining literature. Both innovations may point to a rather late dat-ing of the play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dutch morality play Elckerlijc, written at the end of the fifteenth century, and its translations and adaptations into English and Latin, may add some new insight into the role of systems and polysystems in the early modern period. It also modifies the concept of foreign literature, since Latin and vernacular literatures written within one country influenced each other intricately. Thus, the international Latin Republic of Letters was foreign in its use of another language, but it was common in the use of the same subjects, motifs and structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents a literary criticism of "The Arte of English Poesie" by George Puttenham. He discusses the use of style according to Puttenham, his comments on dramatic poetry, and presents several examples of the translation of early modern Latin drama and their stylistic issues.