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The article is devoted to the analysis of the content of a person’s right to an environment safe for life and health. Scientific approaches to determining its content are analyzed. The presence of at least three approaches has been established: in the narrow sense,-as an environmental right of a person; as the right of a person to a safe environment, which includes the right to safe food and household products, to proper, safe and healthy conditions of work, living, education, etc. and in a broad sense, as the right to a safe environment for human existence. It is justified that the right to an environment that is safe for life and health should be understood in a broad sense, which is close to the right of an individual to safety, which has not yet acquired normative consolidation, however, is widely discussed in scientific schools. It has been proven that the right to an environment safe for life and health includes the right of a person to information about the state of the environment, the quality of food products, in particular, its collection, storage and distribution. The latter is a specification of the right to information, enshrined in Art. 34 of the Constitution of Ukraine. This allows us to draw a conclusion about the complex nature of this right. This approach is due to the desire of the legislator to move away from the outdated approach of limiting the right to a safe environment either exclusively to the ecological sphere, or only to the right to information about the state of the environment. It was concluded that safety in a broad sense is a state of risk control, a consequence of activities and measures aimed at its achievement. It is argued that the legal nature of the content of the rights of the right holder has a passive nature and is reduced to the right of a person to be in the specified controlled (free) state of the environment. Accordingly, these powers are opposed to a double obligation: not to violate the existing state of security, and the state and its bodies have an additional obligation to take actions within their competence aimed at creating and ensuring such conditions (the obligation to minimize and control risks and eliminate danger). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postmenopausal bone loss due to estrogen deficiency necessitates effective therapeutic strategies. Our study explores targeting macrophage Aurora A kinase to mitigate bone loss. Aurora A kinase phosphorylation is observed being increased in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) from ovariectomy (OVX) mice, along with a reduction in programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression. Detailed analysis reveals that PD‐L1 plays an immunomodulatory role by lowering the ratio of T helper 17 cells and regulatory T cells. The metabolic shift toward glycolysis through transcriptome sequencing, induced by Aurora A kinase inhibition, is essential for PD‐L1 expression in BMDMs. The interaction between Aurora A kinase and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5B is found to enhance PD‐L1 expression. To apply these findings therapeutically, a multifunctional system is developed using a Nickel‐metal organic framework combined with bisphosphonate and MLN8237 (BP@Ni‐MOF/MLN8237). This system targets bone tissues through bisphosphonate and effectively delivers MLN8237 to macrophages, promoting PD‐L1 expression for a favorable immune environment. Moreover, this system exhibits an obvious angiogenic effect. The present study highlights the crucial roles of macrophage Aurora A kinase and PD‐L1 in maintaining bone homeostasis as well as the angiogenesis effect by Ni‐MOF engineered system, presenting a promising therapeutic approach to prevent postmenopausal bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To highlight oversimplified quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) calculations and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) regarding lifestyle metformin and placebo as flaws in the trial‐based (Diabetes Prevention Program) cost‐effectiveness analysis. Materials and Methods: We revised the QALY calculations to conform to convention and calculated appropriate ICERs using both original and revised QALYs results. We used several additional health economics tools to present results, showing the consistency of each method and the added value of each. We presented net monetary benefits, assessed decision uncertainty and calculated net losses. We also used graphics, making correct interpretation clearer and allowing illustration and calculation of technical and economic inefficiencies of treatments that were not cost‐effective. Results: ICERs with either QALY calculation indicated that metformin was technically and economically inefficient and not cost‐effective. There was virtually no decision uncertainty. All methods employed pointed to an identical conclusion. Conclusions: In contrast to original claims, although lifestyle was cost‐effective in diabetes prevention, metformin was not, and acting otherwise imposes significant monetary and health costs. Various available tools of economic evaluation would probably have prevented the original misinterpretation by the authors had they been used. The varied tools implemented here illustrate with a common example their consistency and value to the field, showing how to depict the results in various ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses optimal control problems with loss control regions. In that context the state space is partitioned into disjoint subsets, referred to as regions , which are classified into two types: control regions and loss control regions. When the state belongs to a control region, the control is permanent (i.e. the control value is authorized to be modified at any time). On the contrary, when the state belongs to a loss control region, the control must remain constant as long as the state belongs to this region. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, we reformulate the above setting into a hybrid optimal control problem (with spatially heterogeneous dynamics) involving moreover a regionally switching parameter, and we prove a corresponding hybrid maximum principle: hence first-order necessary optimality conditions in a Pontryagin form are obtained. Second, this paper proposes a two-steps numerical scheme to solve optimal control problems with loss control regions. It is based on a direct numerical method (applied to a regularized problem) which initializes an indirect numerical method (applied to the original problem and based on the aforementioned necessary optimality conditions). This numerical approach is applied to several illustrative examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions surrounding Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) are occurring in academia, industry, and the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Automatic collision avoidance, as one of the key technologies of MASS, is the core of the autonomous navigation function of MASS, and its role is to solve the autonomous collision avoidance problem during MASS navigation. Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) is a fundamental basis for automatic collision avoidance, and the navigation of MASS should adhere to it. However, the applicability of MASS to COLREGS has not yet been resolved. Responding to these issues, the paper proceeds to analyze the principal challenges of MASS to COLREGS in terms of the application of MASS to good seamanship, the neglect provision, the lookout provision, the insight of one another provision, and the problems of the deviation provision. Furthermore, suggestions are put forth for the revision of COLREGS, including the mode of revision, the reconstruction of MASS collision liability, the long-term coexistence of MASS and traditional ships, and the risk control of COLREGS revision in the context of artificial intelligence. These suggestions aim to establish a foundation for a more effective adaptation to the advent of the MASS era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow loss caused by the fan blades in a turbofan engine with a large bypass ratio is significant, and the wake considerably affects the inlet flow of downstream components. Surfaces with bird feather-like convergent–divergent (C–D) riblets have been proven to modulate the boundary layer flow by inducing counter-rotating rolling modes; however, the effects of these surfaces on the total pressure loss and wake turbulence of transonic compressor cascades remain unexplored. In this study, the effects of C–D-riblet surfaces on the total pressure loss and wake turbulence of a transonic compressor cascade were experimentally investigated using a five-hole probe and hot-wire measurements. The flow-loss-control effects of C–D-riblet surfaces with different characteristic lengths were also analyzed. The most significant reduction in the area-averaged total pressure loss (11.23%) was achieved using a C–D-riblet surface with a characteristic length of 30 μm at a Mach number of 0.94; this total pressure loss reduction corresponded to an increase in the mean velocity and a decrease in the turbulence intensity of the wake profile. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the loss control varied significantly with the spreading position of the C–D riblets. The optimal control effect was observed in the divergence-line region, and the control was slightly less effective as the measurement position neared the convergence line. This paper demonstrates the promising potential of using C–D riblets to achieve flow loss control in transonic compressor cascades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piracy has long plagued the maritime industry, and has led to significant losses of life and goods. The risk of maritime piracy is largely predicted at present based on static analysis. This does not suitably address practical needs because the behavior and activities of maritime pirates are dynamic. Selecting an appropriate strategy for reducing the risk of piracy under a dynamic environment featuring uncertainty thus remains a key challenge. In this study, we propose a two-stage technique for order of preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) model based on the Bayesian network (BN). A data-driven BN is constructed in the first stage of the proposed method to identify the causal relationships influencing the behaviors of pirates. The second stage involves calculating a decision matrix of the strategies by using TOPSIS, where this enhances the strength of risk prediction and dynamic diagnosis by the BN. The main novelty of the proposed model is that it can provide quantitative measurements of strategies for reducing the probability of piracy in a dynamic environment. It provides a decision-making tool for researchers, shipping companies, and national navies to assess the risk of piracy and select effective measures to reduce its likelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A standard practice in statistical hypothesis testing is to mention the P-value alongside the accept/reject decision. We show the advantages of mentioning an e-value instead. With P-values, it is not clear how to use an extreme observation (e.g. P << α) for getting better frequentist decisions. With e-values it is straightforward, since they provide Type-I risk control in a generalized Neyman-Pearson setting with the decision task (a general loss function) determined post hoc, after observation of the data--thereby providing a handle on "roving α's." When Type-II risks are taken into consideration, the only admissible decision rules in the post hoc setting turn out to be e-value-based. Similarly, if the loss incurred when specifying a faulty confidence interval is not fixed in advance, standard confidence intervals and distributions may fail, whereas e-confidence sets and e-posteriors still provide valid risk guarantees. Sufficiently powerful e-values have by now been developed for a range of classical testing problems. We discuss the main challenges for wider development and deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, the ampacity of an overhead transmission line (OHTL) is a static value obtained based on adverse weather conditions, which constrains the transmission capacity. With the continuous growth of power system load, it is increasingly necessary to dynamically adjust the ampacity based on weather conditions. To this end, this paper models the heat balance relationship of the OHTL based on a BP neural network using Bayesian optimization (BO-BP). On this basis, an OHTL ampacity prediction method considering the model error is proposed. First, a two-stage current-stepping ampacity prediction model is established to obtain the initial ampacity prediction results. Then, the risk control strategy of ampacity prediction considering the model error is proposed to correct the ampacity based on the quartile of the model error to reduce the risk of the conductor overheating caused by the model error. Finally, a simulation is carried out based on the operation data of a 220-kV transmission line. The simulation results show that the accuracy of the BO-BP model is improved by more than 20% compared with the traditional heat balance equation. The proposed ampacity prediction method can improve the transmission capacity by more than 150% compared with the original static ampacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to find out the main causes of coal mine safety accidents and improve the pertinence of coal mine safety risk management and control, the identification and analysis of coal mine safety risks and hidden dangers are carried out based on the analysis of coal mine accident reports. Combing the complex network theory, a complex network model for the evolution of coal mine safety risks is constructed. The key elements that affect coal mine safety risk accidents are obtained through quantitative research on the characteristic indicators of the complex network model of coal mine safety risks. And the key nodes of coal mine safety risk spread network are obtained through network interference to the overall efficiency. The research results show that the complex network of coal mine safety risks illustrate the characteristics of a small-world network, and the spread of a certain risk is likely to cause coal mine safety accidents. Strengthening the risk management and control of hidden dangers with higher intermediate centrality can isolate the spread of coal mine safety risks and reduce the possibility of coal mine accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retarding side effect and the compatibility with other additives are the main problem to limit the field application of the fluid loss control additive (FLCA) synthesized. The effect of the pH of the synthetic solution, and the type of carboxylic acid group on the retarding side effect and the compatibility with the retarder AMPS-IA synthesized by 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and itaconic acid (IA), and the influence mechanism was studied in this paper. The pH value of the synthetic solution has a significant impact on the performance of fluid loss agents containing different carboxylic acid groups. For fluid loss control additive containing maleic acid (MA), as the pH value of the synthesized solution gradually increases, the compatibility between the fluid loss agent and the retarder gradually deteriorates, but the side effects of the retarder gradually decrease. For water loss agents containing IA, as the pH value of the synthesized solution gradually increases, the compatibility between the fluid loss agent and the retarder first improves and then gradually deteriorates. The compatibility is best at pH 7, but the side effects of the retarder gradually decrease. For fluid loss agents containing acrylic acid (AA), as the pH value of the synthesized solution gradually increases, the compatibility between the fluid loss agent and the retarder first deteriorates and then gradually improves. The compatibility is best at pH 12. Overall, the fluid loss control additive containing MA has the best compatibility with the retarder, and the side effects of the retarder are not strong, resulting in the best overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global climate issue is becoming increasingly serious, and studying the energy transition (ET) has proven to be an effective solution to this problem. The essence of climate mitigation is to address the issue of ensuring the public health (pH) of human beings. Still, the definitions of ET in existing literature are inconsistent, and Many researches overlook the definitions of ET in official documents and discuss the relationship between ET and pH. Therefore, this research utilizes panel data from 107 countries over the period 2000–2020 to construct an energy transition indicator based on the definition from the World Economic Forum (WEF). It also examines the link between ET and pH using a two-way fixed effects regression. In the current turbulent international environment, this paper also investigates this link in the context of composite risk control (CRC), financial risk control (FRC), economic risk control (ERC), and political risk control (PRC). The results show that ET can significantly improve pH, a conclusion that remains significant after being subjected to a range of robustness tests. The study exploring the mechanism impact on the relationship between ET and pH shows that CRC, FRC, ERC, and PRC all strengthen the effect of ET on pH, and the mechanism effect varies considerably between high-income and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); ET is more significantly affected by the mechanism in LMICs than in high-income countries. Furthermore, this paper illustrates that ET does not differ by gender in improving pH among infants, while there are gender differences in adults by using the instrumental variable regression and GMM regression to mitigate the endogenous and heteroscedasticity issue for heterogeneity test. The study in this paper can not only inspire policy researchers on which aspects to promote ET, but also provide a direction for improving pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water loss control tools have become more precise and robust while their importance for measuring and controlling nonrevenue water has increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Forest Products Industry is the property of China Forest Products Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study developed a theoretical framework on the relationship between land marketization and industrial high-quality development (HQD) to guide the formulation of policies for advancing new industrialization and high-level manufacturing capabilities. An evaluation system was constructed that can assess regional industrial HQD in seven dimensions: innovation, efficiency, structural optimization, financial risk control, openness, social welfare, and greenness. Based on data related to urban primary land markets and different industries in Guangdong province, China, from 2007 to 2021, the effect of land marketization on industrial HQD was explored using the evaluation models of land marketization and industrial HQD, the Theil index, a panel data model, and the difference generalized method of moments. The findings revealed that land marketization and industrial HQD have increased gradually in Guangdong. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), both factors have increased rapidly, albeit with low levels of land marketization and high levels of industrial HQD. Notably, the province-wide scores for financial risk control and openness have declined. In the PRD, scores for efficient and financial risk control have consistently been lower than those outside the PRD. Positive relationships were discovered between land marketization and various aspects of industrial HQD, including industrial innovation, efficiency, structural optimization, greenness, and social welfare. Conversely, land marketization was found to have negative relationships with financial risk control and openness. Compared with that in the non-PRD, land marketization in the PRD was more conducive to industrial HQD, innovation, efficiency, structural optimization, and openness but less conducive to greenness, social welfare, and financial risk control. This research concluded that land marketization can promote industrial HQD through rising land prices and an open and fair environment for land market trading. The results of this study enrich the theoretical knowledge of the effects of industrial HQD in China; thus, they can be used as a reference in the formulation of industrial HQD policies related to market-oriented reform and land allocation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate risk assessment and a lack of risk monitoring are common deficiencies in clinical laboratory, and are also the main causes of biosafety incidents. Therefore, we summarized the experience of implementing adequate risk assessment and maintaining risk monitoring, and established a procedure for continuously improving biosafety management. Methods: Learning from our laboratory's experience in implementing risk assessment, risk response, and risk monitoring before and during the COVID-19 epidemic, we summarized the procedures for fully identifying risks, accurately evaluating risks, maintaining risk monitoring, establishing and regular reviewing safety indicators. On this basis, we established a system for continuously improving biosafety management through risk monitoring and reviewing safety indicator. Results: We identified a total of 30 unacceptable risks prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and developed and implemented appropriate risk control measures. After risk control, residual risks were acceptable, and no biosafety incidents have occurred. During the COVID-19 pandemic, after multiple risk monitoring, we identified ten new risks, three ineffective risk control measures, and multiple control measures for excessive protection. Then, we timely adjusted risk control measures to avoid laboratory personnel infection and excessive protection. Meanwhile, We established eight safety indicators and identified two improvement opportunities through regular reviews. Conclusion: Adequate risk identification and accurate risk assessment are particularly important for effectively controlling biosafety risks. Biosafety management should be continuously improved to deal with ineffective and excessive protection caused by various changes in experimental activities. Continuous improvement of biosafety management can be achieved through risk monitoring, regular review of safety indicators, and management reviews. This study will help laboratory managers to fully and accurately assess risks, as well as update risks and their control measures through risk monitoring, and the continuous improvement procedure established in the study has certain reference value for laboratories to effectively respond to emerging infectious diseases and avoid excessive protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Cloud storage provides a convenient way of collaboration and sharing. An increasing number of users are becoming more open to sharing their data with others. Consequently, the integrity of shared data has started to draw significant attention due to the loss control of it. Remote data integrity techniques can solve this problem. To resist the collusion between the third party auditor and the cloud server, existing integrity auditing schemes utilize blockchain to replace the third party auditor to do some work. However, these schemes still involve collusion between the third party auditor and the miners and cannot guarantee the third party auditor to execute the auditing process honestly. Considering this, we propose a blockchain‐based transparent and certificateless data integrity auditing scheme. Specifically, we design the smart contract combining the commitment technology to generate the challenge information and record the auditing information. Besides, we combine certificateless cryptography and the blind technology to achieve the privacy‐preserving. The proposed scheme can resist collusion, improve the transparency of the auditing process, protect the data privacy and reduce the overhead of certificate management and key management. The security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate the security and efficiency of the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research suggests age-related differences in goal orientation: Whereas younger adults are more likely to orient their goals towards gains and growth, older adults have a stronger orientation towards maintenance and loss avoidance. Three online studies with US participants on MTurk examined the role of gains, losses, and satisfaction for these age-related differences in goal orientation. Studies 1 (N = 179, 20–82 years, 49.2% female) and 2 (N = 241, 18–73 years, 53.1% female) showed that goal orientation was mainly associated with perceived gains and satisfaction with the current state but not with losses: the subjectively experienced accumulation of gains was positively associated with gain, maintenance, and loss-avoidance orientation; higher satisfaction with the status quo was associated with a stronger maintenance orientation and a weaker gain orientation. Subjectively experienced and expected losses were unrelated to goal orientation. Study 3 (N = 611, 18–83 years, 46.7% female) confirmed the causal effect of satisfaction with the current state on gain orientation (but not on maintenance or loss-avoidance orientation) by experimentally manipulating satisfaction with a given status quo. When higher (versus lower) satisfaction was induced, participants were less oriented towards striving for gains. The results suggest that, across age groups, perceived accumulation of gains and satisfaction with the current state impact goal orientation more strongly than losses. This research promotes our understanding of the antecedents of age-related differences in goal orientation and motivational development across adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual rise of the supply chain financial model and the expansion of scale, credit risk and contagion effects are gradually strengthened as business and financial links between upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain. The traditional credit risk contagion assessment model based on the financial status of an enterprise and the pledging of fixed assets has been unable to meet the basic needs of modern supply chain companies and financial institutions for risk control. Therefore, this paper introduces the Cox-Copula model to comprehensively assess a company's financial situation and the business health of upstream and downstream companies in the supply chain from the perspective of actual transactions between companies and fixed asset pledges. The study found that credit risk has a contagion effect in supply chain enterprises, and this contagion effect of credit risk has certain dynamic characteristics. At the same time, it was found that the impacts of macroeconomic factors and microfinance factors on credit risk contagion of supply chain finance have differences in the two dimensions of degree and direction of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal valve positions can lead to fluctuations in the process industry, potentially triggering serious accidents. For processes that frequently require operational switching, such as green chemical processes based on renewable energy or biotechnological fermentation processes, this issue becomes even more severe. Despite this risk, many plants still rely on manual inspections to check valve status. The widespread use of cameras in large plants now makes it feasible to monitor valve positions through computer vision technology. This paper proposes a novel real-time valve monitoring approach based on computer vision to detect abnormalities in valve positions. Utilizing an improved network architecture based on YOLO V8, the method performs valve detection and feature recognition. To address the challenge of small, relatively fixed-position valves in the images, a coord attention module is introduced, embedding position information into the feature channels and enhancing the accuracy of valve rotation feature extraction. The valve position is then calculated using a rotation algorithm with the valve's center point and bounding box coordinates, triggering an alarm for valves that exceed a pre-set threshold. The accuracy and generalization ability of the proposed approach are evaluated through experiments on three different types of valves in two industrial scenarios. The results demonstrate that the method meets the accuracy and robustness standards required for real-time valve monitoring in industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failure of a safety-critical system during mission execution can result in significant financial losses. Implementing mission abort policies is an effective strategy to mitigate the system failure risk. This research delves into systems that are subject to cumulative shock degradation, considering uncertainties in shock damage. To account for the varied degradation parameters, we employ a dynamic Bayesian learning method using real-time sensor data for accurate degradation estimation. Our primary focus is on modeling the mission abort policy with an integrated parameter learning approach within the framework of a finite-horizon Markov decision process. The key objective is to minimize the expected costs related to routine inspections, system failures, and mission disruptions. Through an examination of the structural aspects of the value function, we establish the presence and monotonicity of optimal mission abort thresholds, thereby shaping the optimal policy into a controlled limit strategy. Additionally, we delve into the relationship between optimal thresholds and cost parameters to discern their behavior patterns. Through a series of numerical experiments, we showcase the superior performance of the optimal policy in mitigating losses compared with traditional heuristic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Big data technique is now a prevalent concentration for specialist and academics due to the development of information technology, cloud computing, and Internet of Things technologies. A fiscal risk controlling model using MSHDS-RS, was innovatively proposed to deal with the current situation of unreasonable design of features in risk controlling technique. This model's innovation is that the model utilizes a normalized sparse approach for optimizing feature fusion after drawing loan customer information sources' hard and soft features, thereby forming integrated features. Then, the feature subset derived from probability sampling is trained as a base classifier, and the results of the base classifier are fused and optimized using evidence reasoning rules. MSHDS-RS's accuracy improvement rate was about 3.0% and 3.6% higher than existing PMB-RS methods', respectively, by observing MSHDS-RS's operating results in different feature sets with soft and integrated feature indicators. Therefore, the proposed optimization fusion method is reliable and feasible. This research contributes to the control of internet financial risks and has certain value in making effective decisions on loan platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new wave of globalization, China's pre-cooked meal industry has rapidly emerged as a significant player in the food supply chain domain, owing to its convenience and diverse choices. Amidst intensifying market competition, crafting a sustainable supply chain for overseas expansion has become an indispensable core element for driving corporate internationalization. This study focuses on the sustainability generation mechanism of the overseas supply chain of Chinese pre-cooked meal A-share listed companies, employing the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method. Herein, an in-depth analysis of 388 data points from 17 listed companies has been conducted. The study systematically reveals the key factors affecting the sustainability of overseas supply chains and identifies three critical sustainability generation paths: the technology-driven and norm compliance model (path 1), the market sensitivity and product innovation model (path 2), and the robust operation and risk control model (path 3). The present study not only introduces a novel perspective on the application of a TOE framework within the realms of sustainable supply chain management and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria but also offers clear directions for companies to enhance sustainability in their overseas expansion process. This includes strengthening technological research and development, compliance construction, market adaptability, product diversity, infrastructure construction, and risk management. Moreover, the research findings provide valuable insights for policymakers in promoting the internationalization of the pre-cooked meal industry and enhancing industry competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of big data and artificial intelligence technology has put forward higher requirements for the training of tax risk management talents. This paper discusses the influencing factors of the training satisfaction of tax risk control talents based on the practice of the training of tax risk management talents for undergraduates of tax science. The attitudinal perception information of learners was collected through questionnaires, and the structural equation model was used to construct five latent variables: teacher guidance, curriculum setting, professional practice, training method and training satisfaction. The results show that the cultivation of tax risk management ability is not as good as the cultivation of risk awareness and control literacy, the curriculum has a direct and significant impact on the satisfaction of talent training, and there is room for improvement of practical teaching and training methods. According to the results of the survey, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the reform of personnel training: deepen the teaching reform and promote the ideological and political education of curriculum; Carry out practice teaching, improve risk control ability; Use case teaching to promote talent training, strengthen teacher-student interaction, create risk control atmosphere and other teaching reform suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stored grains are an integral part of human food. However, all such stored grains are affected by a variety of insects. Across several countries all over the world, insect pests cause significant harm to stockpiled grain crops, resulting in large post-harvest wastage, spoiling, and decreased market demands, resulting in a massive financial catastrophe. Food loss prevention during post-harvest stockpiling is of significant economic relevance. Although efficient and dependable, various disadvantages of synthetic chemicals, such as their negative impacts on both human beings and the environment, have prompted agriculturists to explore an alternative strategy that is potent, eco-friendly, and affordable. As a result, proper management of stored product infestations is required to protect stored grains from pest species. Insecticidal capabilities are reported to be present in a variety of bioactive phytochemical components. They might be used as an alternative to chemical pesticides. According to the current studies, bioactive phytochemical substances might be a potential source of novel insecticides. As a result, plant-derived insecticidal phytochemicals have significant potential. This study concentrates on the phytochemistry and mode of action of bioactive phytochemical constituents for stored grain insect pest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the risk of local obstruction or rupture in the operation process of the industry chain, a Grey-GERT network model of industry chain risk transmission is constructed based on the effect of input resources of each link of the industry chain, and the key links and their degree of risk in the process of industry chain network value transmission are identified and analysed to reveal the risk transmission mechanism of the industry chain. Finally, an empirical study is conducted on China's integrated circuit industry chain to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and to propose targeted control measures for the key links and their value transmission risks. The results show that the proposed model can effectively solve the problem of incomplete information on multiple transmission parameters in industry chain network activities, thoroughly analyse the risk transmission mechanism of the industry chain, and provide theoretical support for strengthening the risk control of the industry chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

East Kalimantan has a superior commodity: tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Some of these commodities are marketed to several areas in Samarinda City and to areas outside Samarinda City, namely West Kutai Regency (Barong Tongkok Market). The distribution process uses a cold chain (cool box) system for 12 hours of travel. Long distribution times cause product quality to decrease. This study aims to assess tiger shrimp's quality and handling strategies using a cold chain system at PPI Selili Samarinda City. The quality level is determined using organoleptic testing at points 1 (PPI Selili) and 2 (Pasar Barong Tongkok). The formal safety assessment (FSA) method is used to identify risks in each handling activity, risk assessment associated with tiger shrimp deterioration, risk control, and recommendations to minimize quality degradation. Based on organoleptic tests, the quality of tiger shrimp is included in the category of safe for consumption. Product handling activities included unloading products from ships, moving them to terminals, washing, structuring, packaging in cool boxes, transportation by shipping services, shipping to Melak Pasar Barong Tongkok, unloading from shipping services, and product arrangement. The highest potential risk is handling shipments to Melak Pasar Barong Tongkok, which has 22 potential hazards. Risk mitigation can be applied through socialization and evaluation related to suitable fish handling methods (CPIB) and making operational schedules for cleaning in the product loading and unloading area before and after handling activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To mitigate risks associated with the prescription examination, marking, dispensing, checking, and review of non-integral-dosage drugs in Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service (PIVAS), we formed a project team. Employing the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) management method, we identified potential risks in four critical steps of the non-integral-dosage drug dispensing process within PIVAS drug management: prescription verification, mixed allocation, and verification. For each step, we assigned scores for severity, incidence, and detectability, subsequently calculating the Risk Priority Number (RPN) to prioritize identified risks. Targeted measures for improvement were developed for steps with the highest RPN values. A total of 31 risk factors were documented in the management of non-integral-dosage drugs, with the dispensing process being particularly vulnerable. Specific measures were devised for eight high RPN risks. Following a 3-month optimization and improvement period, RPN values and incidences of internal differences were significantly reduced. The implemented measures demonstrated effective risk control. Notably, we established a comprehensive conversion system for partial-dose drug dispensing, directly translating into a volume of suction fluid for dispensing personnel based on doctor orders. This eliminated the need for manual secondary calculations, thereby standardizing and automating the dispensing of non-integral-dosage drugs in PIVAS. Simultaneously, our project team conducted a dissolution test on 23 types of drugs with non-integral dosage, revealing that the solvent volume increased for 11 types after dissolution. The dosage conversion for partial dosage was recalibrated based on the volume of the final solution to ensure dosage accuracy. Through the application of failure mode and effect analysis, we systematically managed the risks associated with non-integral-dosage drugs in PIVAS. This approach addressed safety concerns in the dispensing process, reduced errors, and ensured the safe and precise administration of medication to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sanyuan Canzan Yanshou Shu 三元參贊延壽書, compiled by Li Pengfei during the Yuan dynasty, is a comprehensive collection of the essence of earlier health preservation literature. Recently, the Jianwen first-year (1399) re-engraved edition by Liu Yuanran 劉淵然 (1351–1432) has emerged, which is currently housed in the Imperial Household Agency Library in Japan. It has challenged the prevailing consensus in China that the edition (1445) in the Daozang 道藏 is the earliest version. This discovery not only enriches our understanding of the text's historical dissemination but also highlights the international appreciation and preservation of Chinese traditional medical and health knowledge. Upon meticulous examination, the various editions of this text can be systematically classified into two distinct lineages: Yanshou Canzan 延壽參贊 and Canzan Yanshou 參贊延壽. The latter lineage is notably more comprehensive, with the Wanli 萬曆 edition serving as a prime exemplar of this expanded scope. Li Pengfei primarily drew upon the Yangsheng Leizuan 養生類纂 as the foundational text for his work, skillfully integrating a wealth of Daoism and medical scriptures. He adeptly restructured the content by employing the conceptual framework of three primes (sanyuan 三元), incorporating the health preservation philosophies of Confucianism and Buddhism, thereby transforming it into a more systematic and diverse Daoism scripture dedicated to health preservation. The book eloquently advocates for health-preserving philosophies centered around the principle of not diminishing (busun 不損) primordial pneuma (yuanqi 元氣), extending life through three primes, and prolonging life through the virtue of yin (yinde 陰德). These ideas emphasize a human-centered approach, focusing on preserving the primordial pneuma as the foundation and employing both loss prevention and supplementation as dual pathways. It aims to achieve a state of health preservation where there is unity of man with heaven (tianren heyi 天人合一) and a harmonious balance of yin and yang energies (yinyang qihe 陰陽氣和). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sheds light on the factors driving the maturity levels of integrated governance by analysing survey responses from 148 companies that reported on their efforts to coordinate and align their separated assurance functions. When an organization's assurance functions lack coordination, it can lead to challenges like isolated risk functions, incomplete risk coverage and redundant controls. Integrated governance aims to incorporate and optimize on organization's assurance functions to support an effective risk control environment and the integrity of information used by management and the governing bodies. Despite this goal, research indicates that no organization has achieved a mature level of integrated governance yet. To address this research gap, we identify key drivers for integrated governance maturity such as the awareness of integrated governance within the organization, the implementation of the Three Lines (of Defense) Model and the maturity levels of subsystems, that is, the risk management function and the internal control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food production, particularly cattle husbandry, contributes significantly to air pollution and its associated health hazards. However, making changes in dietary habits, such as reducing red meat consumption and minimizing food waste, can lead to substantial improvements in both air quality and human health. In this study, we explored the impact of dietary changes on future air quality and human wellbeing. We also assessed the influence of dietary transformation policies in the context of climate change mitigation, with the objective of understanding how policies can effectively complement each other. We used a chemical transport model and an integrated assessment model to determine changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) concentrations. Then, an exposure model was applied to estimate premature deaths as a consequence of air pollution. Our results showed that dietary changes could play a crucial role in mitigating air pollution, particularly in regions where agricultural activities emit significant quantities of ammonia. In the European Union, for example, dietary changes could lead to a reduction of 5.34% in PM2.5 by 2050. Similarly, in Asia, the models projected a reduction of 6.23% in PM2.5 by 2100. Ground surface O3 levels in Southeast Asia were projected to drop by as much as 12.93% by 2100. Our results further showed that dietary changes could lead to significant reductions in global mortality associated with PM2.5 and O3, with 187,500 and 131,110 avoided deaths per year expected by 2100. A combined approach that integrates dietary changes with climate change mitigation measures could lead to more comprehensive air quality improvements in specific regions. However, careful consideration is needed to address any potential adverse effects on O3 concentrations in some areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety management of maritime traffic is crucial for archipelagic states such as Indonesia, especially in areas like the connection between the Sunda Strait and the Java Sea. This study proposes a traffic lane design using the IMO routeing measures, employing the Formal Safety Assessment scientific method. The study recommends implementing Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS), precautionary areas with a recommended counterclockwise route, and inshore traffic zones. Results indicate that TSS is more effective in reducing collision frequency compared with two-way routes, with a counterclockwise flow further mitigating crossing situations. The proposed measures, particularly Risk Control Option 3, show a 54% reduction in collision frequency compared with the existing conditions. However, despite improvements, collision frequencies remain intolerable, necessitating additional strategies. The total collision frequency for all proposed measures is deemed unacceptable, requiring further methods to enhance safety. The economic evaluation shows potential savings, with estimated values for Gross Cost of Averting Fatality and Net Cost of Averting Fatality at US$ 3.21 million and US$ 2.9 million, respectively. Thus, while the proposed measures demonstrate some efficacy, additional strategies are imperative to adequately address collision risks in the designated area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of saving energy standards depends on the ability to anticipate the heat loss of buildings. Environmentally friendly materials, also known as eco-friendly or sustainable materials, have a minimal negative impact on the environment throughout their life cycle. These materials are designed to conserve resources, reduce pollution, and promote sustainability. The characteristics of non-stationary and non-linear heat loss through environmentally friendly materials make it challenging to anticipate accurately. At the same time, many of the industry's presently accessible computational models have been created with this in mind; the majority call for powerful computers and time-consuming computations. The artificial neural network (ANN) has been utilized for prediction, and ground-breaking research has shown the viability of this strategy. This research proposes an artificial neural network (ANN) prototype to estimate construction cooling load usage. ANN is integrated with the vortex search algorithm (VS), stochastic fractal search (SFS), and multi-verse optimizer (MVO) models to compare the three models' outcomes and suggest a more accurate strategy. These techniques make a linear mapping among the output and input parameters, often utilized for modeling and regression. The value of the multiple determination coefficient is also determined. The values of the training R2 (coefficient of multiple determination) are 0.9464, 0.99827, and 0.99522 for VS-MLP, SFS-MLP, and MVO-MLP, respectively, with an unknown dataset which is acceptable. The training RMSE amounts for VS-MLP, SFS-MLP, and MVO-MLP are 0.06433, 0.00619, and 0.01028 for the unknown dataset, which is acceptable. According to the MAE values of 0.0082902, 0.0047834, and 0.0076534 in the training phase for VS-MLP, SFS-MLP, and MVO-MLP approaches and the values of testing MAE error of 0.029107, 0.018167, and 0.029212 for VS-MLP, SFS-MLP, and MVO-MLP approaches, respectively, it is obtained that the SFS-MLP has a lower MAE value. The lowest RMSE value and the higher R2 value indicate the favorable accuracy of the SFS-MLP technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum cryptography revolutionizes secure information transfer, providing defense against both quantum and classical computational attacks. The primary challenge in extending the reach of quantum communication comes from the exponential decay of signals over long distances. We meet this challenge by experimentally realizing the Quantum-Protected Control-Based Key Distribution (QCKD) protocol, utilizing physical control over signal losses. By ensuring significant non-orthogonality of the leaked quantum states, this control severely constrains eavesdroppers' capacities. We demonstrate the performance and scale of our protocol by experiments over a 1707 km long fiber line. The scalability of the QCKD opens the route for globally secure quantum-resistant communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barrier materials are highly susceptible to breakage under various disturbances leading to pollution barrier failure. Therefore, it is necessary to construct self-healing materials for pollution barrier technology. Barrier materials are highly similar in composition to concrete materials. Therefore, the self-healing mechanism of concrete materials and related evaluation methods are described in detail. Based on the existing self-healing materials, the possibility of combining different self-healing mechanisms with barrier materials and the compatibility of self-healing mechanisms with complex polluted environments were analyzed in detail. Barrier self-healing materials not only ensure the long-term effectiveness of pollution barrier technology, but also significantly extend the service life of pollution barrier walls. Therefore, this paper proposes a theoretical support for the self-healing mechanism of barrier materials and points out the key research direction of pollution barrier technology in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous literature shows that prevalent risk measures such as value at risk or expected shortfall are ineffective to curb excessive risk-taking by a tail-risk-seeking trader with S-shaped utility function in the context of portfolio optimisation. However, these conclusions hold only when the constraints are static in the sense that the risk measure is just applied to the terminal portfolio value. In this paper, we consider a portfolio optimisation problem featuring S-shaped utility and a dynamic risk constraint which is imposed throughout the entire trading horizon. Provided that the risk control policy is sufficiently strict relative to the Sharpe ratio of the asset, the trader's portfolio strategies and the resulting maximal expected utility can be effectively constrained by a dynamic risk measure. Finally, we argue that dynamic risk constraints might still be ineffective if the trader has access to a derivatives market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes an on-line minimum loss (ML) control strategy that considers the iron and copper losses of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor in torque-controlled applications. The proposed ML control strategy utilizes a constrained optimization problem to satisfy torque reference tracking and loss minimization. An equivalent iron loss resistance circuit is adopted for the loss minimization. To solve the optimization problem, the Lagrange multiplier method is applied through a numerical analysis algorithm. The resulting solution provides the optimal current reference for every sampling instant. The Lagrange multiplier method needs parameters such as magnetic flux linkages, dynamic inductances, and iron loss resistance. Fundamental magnetic flux linkages are estimated using a flux observer, and the dynamic inductances are estimated with high-frequency voltage signal injection. The proposed iron loss resistance estimator estimates the equivalent iron resistance without any preliminary experiments. DC input power is measured using a current sensor for the accurate on-line estimation of iron loss resistance. To analyze the effectiveness of ML control compared with conventional maximum torque per ampere control, finite element analysis is used. The feasibility of the proposed ML control strategy is verified through simulation and experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In shale gas drilling in the Fuxing area, downhole troubles, such as mud losses in the Lianggaoshan formation, coexistence of well kick and mud losses in the Dongyuemiao member of the Ziliujing formation as well as borehole wall collapse which resulted in frequent pump and top drive halt, have frequently been encountered. To solve these problems, rock samples of the Lianggaoshan formation taken from the well Xingye-L2HF and the well Xingye-1002HF as well as rock samples from the Dongyuemiao member of the Ziliujing formation are analyzed with XRD diffraction for their mineral composition. Using SEM, the micromorphology of these rock samples is analyzed. By studying the field operational data, the mechanisms of borehole wall collapse and mud losses are summarized. The oil-based drilling fluid previously used is improved based on the studies for its emulsion stability, friction reduction and plugging capacity. The new oil-based drilling fluid for the drilling operation in the Fuxing area has plugging PPA of less than 2 mL and invasion depth into the sand tube of less than 2 cm. Based on the sand blocking effect in fracturing job, a mud loss control slurry formulated with compound lost circulation material, inducing agent and suspending agent was developed. The pressure bearing capacity of the mud cakes formed by this mud loss control slurry is 7 MPa, making it suitable for controlling mud losses into formations with multiple fractures. Compared with the high density diesel oil-based drilling fluid used in drilling a well in the Fuxing area previously, this new oil-based drilling fluid has lower viscosity, lower gel strengths and higher lubricity, and the occurrence of the complex situations, such as mud losses and borehole wall instability, has significantly been reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the cementing problem of long open hole malignant leakage wells, the thermo-sensitive shape memory loss prevention spacer and foam leakage prevention cement slurry were developed, which synergistically reduce the cementing loss risk of long open hole malignant leakage loss wells. The thermo-sensitive shape memory material was developed, which resistance temperature is 150 ℃ and deformation memory temperature is 80～110 ℃, the length of thermo-sensitive shape memory mesh particles after deformation is 10 times that of normal temperature, and the diameter of shape memory expansion ball after expansion is 3 times that of normal temperature. The thermo-sensitive leak-proof spacer was developed, and the bearing-capacity of 3mm crack can reach 8.5MPa. Foaming agent and foam stabilizer were selected, and foam cement slurry were developed, and the density can be adjusted from 1.12 to 1.31 g/cm3, the difference between the upper and lower parts was less than 0.01 g/cm3, and the compressive strength of 1.12 g/cm3 foamed cement stone can reach 6.6 MPa at 30 ℃/72 h, and bubbles in set cement are uniformly dispersed. The spacer duration design method that considering the equivalent plugging time and washing efficiency was established, and the foamed cement slurry section constant gas injection method was formed. Based on thermo-sensitive anti-leakage spacer and foam cement slurry, The leak-proof cementing technology has been applied for 2 Wells, and the one-time sealing section length exceeds 4000 m, and the spacer and cement slurry returned to the surface successfully and got good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A major railway project is a complex, giant system with multi-party participation, one characterized by complex geological conditions, long construction periods and large scale, which leads to an increased likelihood of safety risk events during construction. In order to solve the problem of scientific selection and formulation of safety risk prevention and control strategies for major railway projects, an auxiliary selection method of safety risk prevention and control strategies for major railway projects based on weighted Euclidean distance (WED) is proposed. The relevant ontology is used to conceptualize and formalize the knowledge of safety risks of major railroad projects, and combine the characteristics of major railroad projects; it refers to the prevention and control measures of historical safety risk events associated with major railroad projects, and then constructs the knowledge structure and case base around safety risks of major railroad projects and the circumstances of the case. In determining the comprehensive weights, the G1 method is used to determine the subjective weights, the anti-entropy weight method is used to determine the objective weights and game theory combines the subjective and objective weights. In comparing the array of safety risk prevention and control cases associated with major railway projects, the weighted Euclidean distance is used to calculate the similarity between these cases and the target case, which in turn assists project managers in determining the safety risk prevention and control strategies appropriate for major railway projects. This study takes Landslide No. 1 in the Tunnel A inlet planning area as an example. It utilizes the WED method to assist in selecting safety risk prevention and control strategies for major railway projects, which verifies the method's feasibility. The proposed method enriches the method of the assisted selection of safety risk prevention and control strategies for major railway projects, makes strategy formulation more scientific, has specific reference significance for the formulation of safety risk prevention and control strategies for major railway projects, and promotes the improvement of safety risk prevention and risk control for participating units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyber–physical distribution systems with renewable energy should have high resilience under extreme conditions. However, in a distribution system with deep cyber–physical coupling, the propagation of information risk impairs the resilience of the system. This paper proposes a strategy to improve the resilience of cyber–physical distribution systems that considers cross‐space propagation of information risk. First, the mechanism for interaction between the cyber space and physical space is analyzed, and an information risk cross‐space propagation model is proposed. Second, the risk status of key device nodes is quantified according to the risk propagation model, and an optimization strategy for information risk control is obtained, whose objective function is the minimum risk of the coupling network. Third, a fault restoration strategy that considers cyber space risk is proposed. Finally, the paper reports experiments using the modified IEEE 33‐node and 123‐node distribution networks to simulate the proposed strategy and verify its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever‐increasing consumption of fossil energy highlights the urgent need to develop technologies to ensure the efficient drilling and exploration of oil and gas resources mainly distributed in deep layers. The complex geological conditions in deep formations with the feature of high temperature, high pressure, and high salinity result in high requirements for the performance of drilling fluids. Various additives are demonstrated to decide the physicochemical properties and functional characteristics of water‐based drilling fluids. As one of the most widely used additives in water‐based drilling fluids, various polymeric filtrate reducers play an important role in minimizing fluid loss, maintaining wellbore stability, ensuring drilling safety and efficiency as well as avoiding formation damage. Herein the design, preparation, and applications of polymer‐based filtrate reducers for fluid loss control in drilling operation are comprehensively summarized. The spotlight is centered on the design strategies and structure–property–performance relationships of polymeric filtrate reducers to minimize fluid loss under high temperature, high pressure, and high salinity conditions. Future perspectives for achieving excellent comprehensive performance are also discussed to motivate new strategies and technologies to design and develop high‐performance drilling fluids with optimal rheological and filtration properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]