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Peer-delivered training of criminal offenders for aggression control and distress management was implemented for the first time in Correction Facility in Niš, Serbia. The aim of the manuscript is to present the method of the peer-delivered training and to evaluate the change in the levels of aggression and distress reaction of the participants after completing the program. In the first phase, prison administration chose offenders who completed training for the peer-workers, supervised by engaged professionals. In the second phase, those six convicts trained the sample of 106 fellow prisoners, randomly assigned to the program, through 12 workshops in order to learn and recognize their own dysfunctional reactions and to adapt social desirable behaviour. An independent evaluator compared pre to post-training differences in levels of aggression and distress also presence of psychopathic traits, and socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, using Buss & Perry Aggression Scale, Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale DS-14 Questionnaire and Socio-demographic Questionnaire. Results indicate increased levels of aggression and decreased levels of distress after the training. Prisoners with longer sentences had increased levels of anger, physical, verbal aggression, psychopathic traits and distress compared to subgroup with sentences shorter than 5 years. Program is beneficial for prisoners with sentences less than 5 years and with high education level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Child maltreatment (CM) is associated with psychosis; however little is known about the frequency, type, and timing of abuse in the personality pathology domain of psychoticism (PSY) in the DSM-5. The purpose of this study was to analyze childhood trauma typology and frequency according to gender and to identify sensitive periods of susceptibility to CM in women with high PSY. Methods: The Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology Exposure (MACE) scale was used to evaluate the frequency, severity and timing of each type of maltreatment. The full sample consisted of 83 participants with different psychiatric diagnoses. Psychoticism was assessed with the DSM-5 Personality Inventory (PID-5). To identify the differences in CM exposure between the PSY+ (high psychoticism) and PSY- (low psychoticism) groups, the Mann-Whitney U test, the chi square test and random forest (RF) test were used. Results: Comparing PSY + and PSY-, revealed gender differences in the impact of abuse, with highly frequent and severe types of abuse, in women. In women, PSY + and PSY-, were differentiated especially in non-verbal emotional abuse, peer physical bullying and parental verbal abuse. Several periods with a major peak at age seven followed by peaks at age 17 and 12 years old were identified. Conclusion: Increased exposure to CM occurs in women with PSY+. A sensitivity to CM exposure during early childhood and late adolescence could be a risk factor for psychoticism in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I outline the framework of (auto)ethnographic positioning analysis. Using the example of an unpleasant field experience, I first develop the "metainvective positioning circle," a heuristic model that I use to address the crisis of ethnography, its consequences for methodological development, and its implications for contemporary ethnographic practice. In the further sections, I outline how (auto)ethnographic positioning analysis combines various previously established methodological procedures, how it differs from them, and how it goes beyond them. Furthermore, I highlight key features of (auto)ethnographic positioning analysis and the most promising moments in the research process for its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth of internet usage, especially on social media, forums, review platforms, and blogs, an enormous amount of data is being generated. This data often contains users' opinions, emotions, and arguments on various topics. To make informed decisions or predictions, it's crucial to analyze and organize this unstructured data effectively. Sentiment analysis of social media data has become essential, aiming to identify different forms of sentiments like hate speech, profanity, sentiment, and targeted insults. However, in the field of natural language processing (NLP), a significant challenge in sentiment analysis is the scarcity of labeled data. Researchers have traditionally used methods like lexicon-based and traditional machine learning approaches to process this unstructured social media data. Recent studies indicate that deep learning techniques have proven effective in handling this task. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various classical machine learning and deep learning techniques employed in sentiment analysis. We explore different sentiment analysis categories and compare their performance using various evaluation metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Women must seek regular gynecological care for their checkups, childbirth, or gynecological diseases. Given the critical responsibility of obstetricians and gynecologists in safeguarding the health and lives of both mother and baby, this profession is highly sensitive and stressful. Structural factors may complicate the relationship between the doctor and client and lead to gynecological violenceA study in Iran sheds light on the violence between female gynecologists and their clients. Methods: The research is done through semi-structured interviews with clients, residents, and female gynecologists in Iran to examine the lived experiences of both. Results: Based on the WHO's definition of gynecological violence and its categories, verbal, physical, and psychological violence, social discrimination, neglect of care, and failure to maintain client confidentiality were the main themes found in gynecological violence in Iran. Conclusion: The relationship between the gynecologist and the client suffers due to differences in religious and cultural beliefs, as well as the stressful nature of the job. Female gynecologists go through a challenging training course at university and also medical practice, and the significance of maternal mortality contributes to the stressfulness of their job. Working in public hospitals with a high workload and facing conflicts of interest between financial benefits and patient health complicates the relationship between the gynecologist and the client, creating the conditions for violence between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study explored experiences of the management of challenging behaviours after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the acute hospital setting from the perspectives of family members. Materials and Methods: A qualitative, interpretive phenomenological approach was adopted involving semi-structured interviews with 10 family members. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis, with Ecological Systems Theory applied as a guiding framework to discuss findings and implications for practice. Results: Four primary themes were identified: 1) The hospital environment; 2) Hospital staffing; 3) Identifying and preventing triggers, and 4) Family support and information. Conclusions: This qualitative study highlights the need for further information, education, and support to families of patients with TBI in the acute setting. Further research investigating the implementation of best practice approaches for managing challenging behaviours practice in acute settings is needed to overcome the barriers of the hospital environment, inexperienced and inconsistent staffing, and difficulties identifying triggers within the acute hospital setting, experienced by families. Approaches for family involvement in behaviour management strategies, and facilitation of communication for people with TBI in the acute setting requires exploration. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Families reported the hospital environment, inexperienced and inconsistent staffing, and difficulty identifying triggers were challenges in effectively managing challenging behaviours after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the acute setting. Clinicians can support family involvement in preventative strategies with patients with TBI. Clinicians can enable quality of care by building rapport and providing compassionate care to patients with TBI. Families need more support and information during the acute stage of TBI in hospital settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the connection between human rights and elder abuse, employing a human rights-based approach. Through a critical examination of a fictional case study on elder abuse, the discussion highlights the vital role of nurses when safeguarding the rights of older individuals in residential care settings. The PANEL framework – encompassing Participation, Accountability, Non-discrimination, Empowerment and Legality – is a comprehensive guide for safeguarding practice and is applied to the example provided. By applying this human rights-based approach, nurses can proactively address elder abuse, ensuring individuals' rights are protected, promoted and supported. Through accountability measures, non-discriminatory practices, empowerment strategies and adherence to legal standards, the authors advocate for a holistic approach to enhance the quality of care and foster a safe environment for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages serve as the primary immune cell population and assume a pivotal role in the immune response within the damaged cochleae. Yet, the origin and role of macrophages in response to noise exposure remain controversial. Here, we take advantage of Ccr2RFP/+ Cx3cr1GFP/+ dual-reporter mice to identify the infiltrated and tissue-resident macrophages. After noise exposure, we reveal that activated resident macrophages change in morphology, increase in abundance, and migrate to the region of hair cells, leading to the loss of outer hair cells and the damage of ribbon synapses. Meanwhile, peripheral monocytes are not implicated in the noise-induced hair cell insults. These noise-induced activities of macrophages are abolished by inhibiting TLR4 signaling, resulting in alleviated insults of hair cells and partial recovery of hearing. Our findings indicate cochlear resident macrophages are pro-inflammatory and detrimental players in acoustic trauma and introduce a potential therapeutic target in noise-induced hearing loss. Cochlear tissue-resident macrophages, not infiltrated peripheral monocytes, respond to noise exposure in mice. The pro-inflammatory effects of these macrophages contribute to insults of ribbon synapses of hair cell in noise-induced hearing loss [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Bullying victimisation affects an estimated 30% of individuals worldwide. While the prevalence and risk factors of bullying have been studied in India, comprehensive research on the phenomenon of bullying itself remains scarce. Our objective was to study the experiences, perceptions, and attitudes towards bullying among seventh to ninth-grade students. The study included all seventh to ninth graders (N = 205) from two schools in the Udupi district of South India. To collect information on bullying, we used the Bully Survey - Student Version with appropriate modifications for our context. The mean age of the participants was 13 (1.05) years, with 58% being females. Our findings showed that almost half of the students had bullying roles. Students attending private schools and residing in urban areas were more likely to be victims, bullies, and bully-victims. Seventh and eighth graders experienced higher rates of bullying, whereas ninth graders were more likely to engage in bully behaviours or be bully-victims. Verbal bullying, including name calling, playing jokes, and making fun of others, was more prevalent. No gender differences were observed in verbal or physical bullying. School teachers, staff, and parents were unaware of bullying incidents almost half of the time. Anti-bullying programs should consider these aspects of bullying to be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Workplace stress can negatively impact healthcare providers' professionalism and quality of care. One source of workplace stress is the experience of workplace mistreatment. Drawing on the Job Demands‐Resources theory, this study aimed to (a) investigate the impact of mistreatment frequency experienced by healthcare workers from insider sources (i.e. co‐workers, supervisors) and outsider sources (i.e. patients, visitors) on affective ill‐being and (b) the potential moderating role of trait resilience and trait self‐efficacy, as personal resources, in the mistreatment–ill‐being relationship. Design: Lagged design. Methods: We collected data from 153 Irish healthcare workers between January 2018 and June 2019 via three surveys, separated by 1‐week intervals. Personal resources were measured at Time 1, frequency of mistreatment from the two sources was assessed at Time 2 and affective ill‐being was assessed at Time 3. We used moderated regression analyses to evaluate the association of mistreatment frequency from the two sources and affective ill‐being and the moderating effect of personal resources. Results: Only insider mistreatment frequency was positively related to affective ill‐being. Furthermore, the positive impact of insider mistreatment on affective ill‐being was moderated by self‐efficacy (but not by trait resilience). In contrast to our expectations, the relationship was stronger at high levels compared to low levels of self‐efficacy. Conclusion: Mistreatment from co‐workers and supervisors is linked to higher levels of affective ill‐being. Additionally, healthcare workers with high self‐efficacy were more vulnerable to the negative consequences of co‐worker and supervisor mistreatment as it impacted their affective ill‐being. Impact: These findings extend the literature on workplace mistreatment by integrating insider and outsider perpetrators of mistreatment and examining their differential impact on the employees' affective ill‐being. It also highlights mistreatment from organizational insiders as a significant factor in the relationship between mistreatment and affective ill‐being. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. What Does this Paper Contribute to the Wider Global Community?: The findings underscore the detrimental impact of workplace mistreatment on the well‐being of healthcare professionals.The study findings of higher frequency of insider mistreatment being associated with increased affective ill‐being call for action, with line managers and supervisors being critical to achieving respective changes in healthcare workers' environment.The findings have implications for policymakers interested in developing a framework to support healthcare professionals in addressing workplace mistreatment, enabling them to effectively fulfil their role as care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Billions of people spend hours on social media platforms every day. While there are numerous known benefits of social media, hate speech and abusive language on social media platforms have become an increasingly serious social problem affecting individuals and societies' psychological state. Detecting and preventing hate speech and abusive language is a crucial task for healthy and safety digital communication. To overcome this important social problem, we propose four various deep learning and pre-trained models: (i) Ensemble deep learning model, (ii) Multilingual BERT model, (iii) Arabic BERT model, and (iv) ALBERT model to detect hate speech and abusive language in Arabic text. To that end, we utilized the L-HSAB Arabic dataset to build our models, and we utilized the OSACT dataset to evaluate the generalizability of our model's architecture. Our model tackles two classification tasks: a binary classification and a multiclass classification task. Our Arabic Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)-based model achieved the best performance on the binary classification task with an F1-score of 90.8%. While our Multilingual BET-based model obtained the best result on the multi-class classification task with an F1-score of 80.0%. Finally, the generalizability experiment of our best-performing mod-el on the binary classification task achieved an F1-score of 90.2% on the OSACT dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research on asexual youth is limited, especially in understanding the impact of their outness and the intersection of sexual orientation with gender minority identities. This study investigates the influence of outness on experiences of harassment, discrimination, violence, and the risk of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among asexual youth, with a focus on those with transgender and non-binary identities. Data for this study were obtained from the 2021 Ace Community Survey, an international online survey designed to assess the needs and health status of the Ace community, targeting respondents aged 13 and older. The analysis involved a subsample of 5574 respondents aged 13 to 24 (mean age = 19.28), including 2361 cisgender (mean age = 19.65), 1,195 transgender (mean age = 18.80), and 2,018 non-binary individuals (mean age = 19.13). The results revealed that experienceds of sexual violence, verbal aggression, and physical harassment and bullying not only correlated with but also completely mediated the relationship between outness and NSSI. Asexual transgender youth experienced heightened levels of discrimination and NSSI but demonstrated notable resilience against the negative effects of identity disclosure, highlighting complex dynamics of vulnerability and protection within these communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide with more than half of survivors living with serious neurological sequelae thus, it has recently attracted considerable attention in the field of medical research. Neurogenesis is the process of formation of new neurons in the brain, including the human brain, from neural stem/progenitor cells [NS/PCs] which reside in neurogenic niches that contain the necessary substances for NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons which can integrate into a pre-existing neural network. Neurogenesis can be modulated by many exogenous and endogenous factors, pathological conditions. Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and flavonoids can modulate the neurogenic process in physiological conditions and after various pathological conditions including ischemic insults. Aim: This review aims to discuss neurogenesis after ischemic insults and to determine the role of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions with a concentration on ischemic insults to the brain in particular. Method: Relevant articles assessing the impact of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenic processes in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults within the timeline of 1965 until 2023 were searched using the PubMed database. Conclusions: The selected studies have shown that ischemic insults to the brain induce NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons integrating into a pre-existing neural network. Flavonoids and BDNF can modulate neurogenesis in the brain in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults. In conclusion, flavonoids and BDNF may be involved in post-ischemic brain repair processes through enhancing endogenous neurogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The verbal abuse research in social services is limited. This study aimed to describe verbal abuse of service users by professionals in social services. This cross-sectional descriptive study examined statutory reports of threats or risks in implementing social services in one city of Finland, from 2016 to 2020 (n = 1433). The case reports describing the verbal abuse (n = 34) were analysed using inductive content analysis. The perpetrators were registered and unregistered professionals. The types of abuse included inappropriate speaking style, oppression or dominance, and sometimes verbal abuse was accompanied by physical violence or threats of violence. The consequences affected the emotional well-being of service users, the fulfilment of their needs and the delivery of services. Actions implemented as a result of the reports consisted of monitoring, supporting, educating and alerting professionals about verbal abuse and raising awareness about the reporting. The findings suggest proactive training for professionals on behavioural boundaries and whistleblowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To understand the current situation of upward bullying in the Chinese nursing field and explore the manifestations, reasons, and outcomes of upward bullying experienced by Chinese nurse managers. Background. Workplace bullying, a serious social problem, is characterised by recurring incidents of intimidating, aggressive, and hostile behaviour. Bullying in the nursing profession exhibits all or some of the above traits. The evidence of upward bullying by subordinate nurses against nurses in positions of authority or power is limited in China. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted with semistructured, in‐depth interviews involving 12 hospital nurse managers in Wuhan, Hubei Province, between June and August 2023. The data were analysed using the Colaizzi seven‐step analysis method with Nvivo 12.0 software as a support. Results. We grouped our findings into three main categories: manifestations of upward bullying; reasons for upward bullying; and outcomes of upward bullying. Conclusions. Nurse managers in China are exposed to upward bullying in many forms and for complex reasons. More emphasis needs to be given to creating a positive work environment for them to facilitate their managerial role. Implications for Nursing Management. This study probes the realities of upward bullying against Chinese nurse managers and highlights the need for managers to develop the skills needed to identify, manage, and prevent bullying from subordinates. By contributing to the development of interventions and strategies that address workplace bullying, this study shows promise for enhancing managerial effectiveness and improving the nursing practice environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Existing studies suggest that the number of night shifts may impact the occurrence of adverse events. However, while this relationship is well-documented, previous research has not thoroughly examined the non-linear associations between night shifts and adverse events among nursing staff, which remains a gap in our understanding. Methods: Participants were 1,774 Chinese nurse staff. Psychosocial characteristics were screened by The Chinese version of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) for social support, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms. Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were applied to analyze the data. The statistical software used were R version 3.6.2 and SPSS version 22.0. Results: Over the past year, 325 cases (18.3%) were classified as adverse events. Logistic regression unveiled that social support played a protective role against adverse events, with an OR of 0.991 (95% CI: 0.983, 0.999). Furthermore, night shifts continued to surface as a substantial risk factor for adverse events, with an OR to 1.300 (95% CI: 1.181, 1.431). The restricted cubic spline regression model highlights a nonlinear relationship between night shifts and adverse events (P for non-liner < 0.001). The probability of adverse events increases with the number of night shifts, but compared to individuals working 3–4 night shifts per month, those working 5–6 night shifts per month have a lower probability of adverse events. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a non-linear relationship between the frequency of night shifts and adverse events, suggesting a complex interplay of factors. This highlights the need for nursing practice and policy to consider the intricacies of night shift scheduling and explore more reasonable rostering strategies to mitigate the probability of adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nursing students experienced various types of bullying and abuse in their practice areas. This study aims to assess the incidence, nature, and types of bullying and harassment experienced by Jordanian nursing students in clinical areas. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used, utilizing a self-report questionnaire. A convenient sampling technique was used to approach nursing students who are in their 3rd or 4th year in governmental and private universities. Results: Of 162 (70%) students who reported harassment, more than 80% of them were females and single. Almost 40% of them reported that males were the gender of the perpetrator. Almost 26.5% of them reported that patient's relatives or friends were the sources of harassment. Psychological/verbal harassment was the most reported type of harassment (79%). Findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference in psychological/verbal harassment based on gender and type of the university. Also, there were significant negative correlations between psychological/verbal harassment, professional achievement, and personal life. Conclusion: Harassment in the clinical area is affecting the professional and personal lives of students, who lack the knowledge of policy to report this harassment. Key messages: 1. Most of the students who reported harassment were females and single. 2. Psychological/verbal harassment was the most reported type of harassment. 3. Psychological/verbal harassment affected the students' professional and personal achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been widely reported that obesity adversely impacts reproductive performance of females. However, the effects of maternal obesity on fetal germ cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, by employing a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐based mouse model, it is discovered that maternal obesity disrupts the chromosomal synapsis and homologous recombination during fetal oogenesis. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling reveales the potential molecular network controlling this process. Of note, the global hypermethylation of genomic DNA in fetal oocytes from obese mouse is detected. Importantly, time‐restricted feeding (TRF) of obese mice not only ameliorate the meiotic defects, but also partly restore the epigenetic remodeling in fetal oocytes. In sum, the evidence are provided showing the deficit fetal oogenesis in obese mother, implicating a mechanism underlying the intergenerational effects of environmental insults. TRF may represent a potentially effective approach for mitigating fertility issues in obese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study investigates the representation of women in the Otolaryngology department in a tertiary academic hospital, and the challenges they face during their residencies. Methods: A questionnaire which included demographic information and a series of 54-questions of academic, clinical, social, psychological, and private practice challenges was electronically distributed among female residents registered in the Department of Otolaryngology in the last 10 years (2013–2022) throughout November 2023 to January 2024. Results: Eighty-one female residents out of 103 registered (78.6%) responded to the distributed questionnaire highlighting the challenges they faced during their training period. Conclusion: The current study addresses the barriers confronted by female residents in the department as well as identifying potential solutions that might help future encouragement of women to select otolaryngology as their specialty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate over whether intellectual giftedness acts as a protective or a risk factor for various socioemotional difficulties has persisted in gifted studies for almost a century, with two contrasting views of giftedness still coexisting in the literature. Our goal was to investigate if early adversity could contribute to reconcile these views, specifically by investigating if Early Adverse Experiences (ACEs) could account for some of the vulnerabilities (e.g., anxiety, daydreaming, heightened emotional reactivity) sometimes associated with intellectual giftedness (Intellectual Quotient, IQ ≥ 130). For that purpose, 245 intellectually gifted adults (Mage = 41.71, MIQ = 137.87) and 205 control adults (Mage = 33.36, MIQ = 116.11) were surveyed. Main results revealed comparable high rates of ACEs among both groups. Severe ACE exposure correlated with heightened anxiety (r = 0.23, p < 0.001) and absorption in thoughts (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). Heightened emotional reactivity was associated with the duration of exposure (r = 0.11, p < 0.05). Parental verbal abuse correlated with reduced scores in positive relationships with others (r = 0.12, p < 0.05) and purpose in life (r = 0.13, p < 0.05). Conversely, IQ was not associated with these difficulties, except for a small protective effect against absorption (r = − 0.10, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that ACEs contribute to distinguishing gifted adults who experience socioemotional issues. However, subthreshold Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the limited protective effect of IQ on this condition may have led to underestimating the clinical assessment of their early environment, and to conflate early adversity effects with intelligence-related traits. Despite limitations and some nuances in our results, this study was the first to assess maltreatment and neglect in gifted adults. By contributing to fill the gap between two historical views of giftedness, it may inform improved clinical practices with intellectually gifted adults while better understanding them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve vital physiological functions, but aberrant ROS production contributes to numerous diseases. Unfortunately, therapeutic progress targeting pathogenic ROS has been hindered by the limited understanding of whether the mechanisms driving pathogenic ROS differ from those governing physiological ROS generation. To address this knowledge gap, we utilised a cellular model of Parkinson's disease (PD), as an exemplar of ROS-associated diseases. We exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to the PD-toxin, MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) and studied ROS upregulation leading to cell death, the primary cause of PD. We demonstrate: (1) MPP+ stimulates ROS production by raising cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, rather than acting directly on mitochondria. (2) To raise the Ca2+, MPP+ co-stimulates NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) and the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin2 (TRPM2) channel that form a positive feedback loop to support each other's function. (3) Ca2+ exacerbates mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production not directly, but via Zn2+. (4) Zn2+ promotes electron escape from respiratory complexes, predominantly from complex III, to generate mtROS. These conclusions are drawn from data, wherein inhibition of TRPM2 and NOX2, chelation of Ca2+ and Zn2+, and prevention of electron escape from complexes -all abolished the ability of MPP+ to induce mtROS production and the associated cell death. Furthermore, calcium ionophore mimicked the effects of MPP+, while Zn2+ ionophore replicated the effects of both MPP+ and Ca2+. Thus, we unveil a previously unrecognized signalling circuit involving NOX2, TRPM2, Ca2+, Zn2+, and complex III that drives cytotoxic ROS production. This circuit lies dormant in healthy cells but is triggered by pathogenic insults and could therefore represent a safe therapeutic target for PD and other ROS-linked diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Violence against women is a prevalent, preventable public health crisis. COVID-19 stressors and pandemic countermeasures may have exacerbated violence against women. Cisgender college women are particularly vulnerable to violence. Thus, we examined the prevalence and correlates of verbal/physical violence experienced and perpetrated among cisgender women enrolled at a New York City college over one year during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: From a prospective cohort study, we analyzed data self-reported quarterly (T1, T2, T3, T4) between December 2020 and December 2021. Using generalized estimated equations (GEE) and logistic regression, we identified correlates of experienced and perpetrated violence among respondents who were partnered or cohabitating longitudinally and at each quarter, respectively. Multivariable models included all variables with unadjusted parameters X² p-value ≤0.05. Results: The prevalence of experienced violence was 52% (T1: N = 513), 30% (T2: N = 305), 33% (T3: N = 238), and 17% (T4: N = 180); prevalence of perpetrated violence was 38%, 17%, 21%, and 9%. Baseline correlates of experienced violence averaged over time (GEE) included race, living situation, loneliness, and condom use; correlates of perpetrated violence were school year, living situation, and perceived social support. Quarter-specific associations corroborated population averages: living with family members and low social support were associated with experienced violence at all timepoints except T4. Low social support was associated with higher odds of perpetrated violence at T1/T3. Other/Multiracial identity was associated with higher odds of violence experience at T3. Conclusions: Living situation was associated with experienced and perpetrated violence in all analyses, necessitating further exploration of household conditions, family dynamics, and interpersonal factors. The protective association of social support with experienced and perpetrated violence also warrants investigation into forms of social engagement and cohesion. Racial differences in violence also require examination. Our findings can inform university policy development on violence and future violence research. Within or beyond epidemic conditions, universities should assess and strengthen violence prevention and support systems for young women by developing programming to promote social cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partial or complete imaging resolution of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has gone by many names in the past few decades, including LV recovery, remission, reverse remodeling, and, most recently, improvement. This phenomenon has been described in a variety of clinical scenarios, including removal of an acute myocardial insult, unloading with durable LV assist devices, and treatment with various devices as well as pharmacotherapies, termed guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). Irrespective of definition, systolic improvement is associated with improved clinical outcomes compared to persistent systolic dysfunction. In the past few years, systolic improvement has been distinguished from HFrEF as a new clinical entity referred to as HF with improved EF (HFimpEF). Given the relative novelty of this condition, there is a paucity of data with regard to the clinical trajectory and management of this population. In this review, we describe the history of myocardial improvement terminology and explore notable findings that have led to the delineation of HFimpEF. Additionally, we highlight the importance of understanding LV trajectory and the potential opportunity for new GDMT management for clinicians when treating patients with HFimpEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition that can present as severe pulmonary edema after significant neurologic insults. This is the first documented instance that shows a plausible causal link between cannabis consumption, psychogenic polydipsia, and the subsequent development of neurogenic pulmonary edema associated with status epilepticus secondary to acute hyponatremia. Case Report: We report a case of a 34-year-old female who presented to the emergency department altered and postictal after a witnessed new-onset seizure. She developed significant respiratory distress that required intubation. Her sodium was 121 millimoles per liter (mmol/L), from 137 mmol/L 36 hours prior on routine outpatient labs. Further history revealed excessive water ingestion after eating a cannabis edible prior to the seizure. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of recognizing neurogenic pulmonary edema in connection with psychogenic polydipsia, severe hyponatremia, and status epilepticus subsequent to cannabis consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying is a frequent, yet sometimes dismissed dynamic in school-aged youth, despite all the literature around its prevalence and detrimental effects. Around the world, prevalence estimates have demonstrated wide variability. In Colombia, between 22% and 49.9% of adolescents have experienced bullying. Much research on school bullying has focused on perpetrators and those victimized; less is known about those who witness it. The main objective of this cross-sectional study of 1224 Colombian public high school students was to determine if there is an association between the different types of involvement (victims, aggressors, witnesses) in bullying and the presence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We measured individual sociodemographic factors, types of involvement in bullying, the presence of PTSD symptoms, and levels of family dysfunction. We found that verbal abuse was the most frequent behavior reported. Also, a high proportion of PTSD symptoms among victims, witnesses, and aggressors were identified. In the logistic regression analysis, presence of PTSD symptoms was associated with subjects identified as social victims (OR = 2.067; CI = 1.381– 3.095), verbal victims (OR = 2.779; CI = 1.599–4.828), victims by coercion (OR = 4.038; CI = 1.710–9.532), social aggressors (OR = 1.974; CI = 1.355–2.919), and in those with severe family dysfunction (OR = 3.372; CI = 1.744–6.520). Additional research is needed in the Colombian population to identify and explore appropriate options for prevention and intervention in those most vulnerable to bullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite how damaging the consequences of an inadequate translation of swearwords might be, little attention has been paid to insults, in both academic research and interpreting training. The mistranslation of an insult can affect how the police officer perceives the severity of the punishable offence and makes a judgment about what kind of action is appropriate. This study includes two experiments. First, an interpreting experiment was carried out with English–Spanish interpreting students (N = 36), including the translation of 30 insults in three different contexts. The second task aimed to find how each of the insults was comparable across both languages, according to native speakers' perceptions. We elicited native speakers' ratings for offensiveness of each of these lexical items (British N = 204 and Spanish N = 178). The results show variation in the degree of offensiveness by Spanish and British English speakers. We argue that learning insults needs to become part of interpreting training in legal contexts. This study aims to contribute to this interdisciplinary area, with one of the practical goals being the application of our results in professional training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programming for divorce education continues to grow, but research on how programs benefit racially marginalized groups remains limited. Through a convergent mixed-methods design, this study examined the experiences of divorcing African American parents (n = 116) who took part in a state-mandated, online divorce education program. Quantitative analyses revealed women reported more problems than men in terms of what they attributed to their decision to divorce, including communication issues, emotional/psychological/verbal mistreatment, mental health, working too little, alcohol/drug abuse, online addiction, and physical violence. Participants demonstrated an improved understanding of divorce-related topics and positive coparenting practices after program participation. Findings from the qualitative analyses paralleled those from the quantitative analyses, as an increased awareness of the impacts of divorce on children emerged as the greatest benefit to participation. Participants also noted their appreciation for online delivery and content, as well as how the program helped them learn more about coparenting. Implications for facilitating divorce education programs with African American parents are discussed. Highlights: Experiences of African American parents completing divorce education were examined through a mixed-methods approach. Regarding reasons for divorce, women reported more problems than men, including communication issues and mistreatment. Both women and men improved their knowledge of divorce-related topics and positive coparenting. Qualitative analyses showed the online program was received favorably by participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the major health issues facing the world today is addiction. It is a rapidly developing health issue in Saudi Arabia. Given how intensely addictive methamphetamine is and how strongly its usage is linked to violent crimes and extremely aggressive conduct, methamphetamine addiction is one of the most hazardous health problems. There has been a concerning rise in the usage of crystal methamphetamine, often known as "Shabu," in the Saudi market in recent years. The aim of this work was to identify the type of aggressive behaviors and psychotic symptoms in patients' methamphetamine abuse and patients with polysubstance abuse without methamphetamine abuse in Emergency Department, Riyadh Hospitals. Methods: The study was conducted upon 100 drug abuse participants who attended Riyadh Saudi Arabia Emergency Department seeking for treatment of drug dependence. All patients were subjected to drug screening and assessment of delusions, mood disorders and Modified Overt Aggression Scale. Results: Verbal aggression, self-aggression and aggression against others were significantly higher in methamphetamine abusers' group than other polysubstance abusers group (p<0.05). Methamphetamine addicts exhibited higher rates of restlessness, the need for physical restraint, spouse betrayal of delusion, disorientation, and self-harm than other groups of polysubstance abusers (p<0.05). Conclusion: Methamphetamine abusers displayed significantly higher rates of aggressive behaviors and specific psychotic symptoms compared to other polysubstance abusers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aggression, and therefore gender-based violence, can be an impulsive or compulsive behavior, depending on the consumption of alcohol and/or drugs. In Europe, the prevalence of gender-based violence is 16 to 23%. This prevalence shows that there is a need to make further progress in the treatment of aggression against women. Qualitative techniques allow us to understand perceptions and attributions holistically by analyzing what people who commit the crime say, why they say it and how they say it. Aim: To explore the experience of physical and verbal aggression by a partner, dependent on the presence or absence of alcohol and drug use, in the prison population. Method: A mixed methodology was used (combining qualitative and quantitative techniques). The sample was made up of 140 men divided into two focus groups [with alcohol and/or drug consumption (SAD) and without alcohol and/or drug consumption (NSAD)] who completed the Demographic, Criminal and Behavioral Interview in Penitentiary Institutions; the Gender Violence Questionnaire (both developed for this study) and the MultiCAGE CAD-4 Questionnaire. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis and quantitative data were obtained using contingency tables. Results: It was found that the SAD group attributed the crime committed to alcohol and/or drug consumption, while the NSAD group attributed it to jealousy and to their partner. The SAD group revealed that the consequence of the physical aggressions was to get what they were looking for from their partner and the consequences of the verbal aggressions was regret, unlike the NSAD group that did not get anything from the aggressions. The SAD group recognized that to avoid future aggressions they would have to avoid alcohol and/or drug use, while the NSAD group mentioned that they would have to avoid contact with their partner. Discussion: The need to include perceptions and attributions as well as the use of alcohol and/or drugs is emphasized when assessing individuals who commit the crime of gender-based violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiences of family conflict are common in young people's accounts of homelessness, yet in‐depth explorations and conceptualisations of these experiences remain sparse. Drawing on focus group discussions with 29 participants, this article explores the accounts of young people and carers and parents about the dynamics, interactions and characteristics of family conflict. Findings highlight the primacy of verbal insults, criticisms or threats, as well as acts of aggression and violence in young people's and parent's understandings of family conflict. Feelings of mistrust, instability and a lack of safety also pervade family conflict and are considered its most impactful elements. We contend that these impacts are best understood via the concept of ontological (in)security, whereby young people's sense of self, belonging and stability are undermined by family conflict. This provides important insights for developing practice in this space, where working to remove long‐term patterns of family conflict, restoring young people's sense of self and belonging within their family, and supporting the stability and trust within a family may prove beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brief, repeated cycles of limb ischemia and reperfusion [ischemic preconditioning (IPC)] can protect against vascular insult. Few papers have considered the effect of IPC on resting vascular function, and no single study has simultaneously considered the local (trained arm) and remote (untrained arm) effects of a single session of IPC and following repeated sessions. We determined macrovascular [allometrically scaled flow-mediated dilation (FMD)] and microvascular [cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC)] function in healthy adults before, immediately post, 20 min post, and 24 h post a single session of IPC (4 × 5 min of single arm ischemia). These outcomes also were remeasured 24 h after six IPC sessions, performed over 2 wk. FMD and CVC increased in both arms 20 min post [FMD mean difference (MD) 1.1%, P < 0.001; CVC MD 0.08 arbitrary units (AU), P = 0.004] but not 24 h post (FMD MD −0.2%, P = 0.459; CVC MD −0.02 AU, P = 0.526] a single session of IPC, with no differences between trained and untrained arms. Although FMD did not increase 24 h after one IPC session, it was elevated in both arms 24 h after the sixth session (MD 1.2%, P = 0.009). CVC was not altered in either arm 24 h after the last IPC session. These data indicate that the local and remote effects of IPC on vascular health may be equivalent and that the benefits to FMD may be greater with sustained training compared with a single IPC exposure. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: For the first time in a single study, we demonstrate that resting macro- and microvascular function increases 20 min, but not 24 h, after a single IPC session and that the magnitude of this improvement was the same in the trained arm and nontrained, contralateral arm. In contrast, macrovascular (but not microvascular) function was augmented 24 h after six IPC training sessions in both arms, suggesting a cumulative benefit of IPC training on macrovascular function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased aggression due to gaming addiction is a widespread and highly publicized problem. The underlying processes by which verbal aggression, a more harmful and persistent subcategory of aggression, is affected by gaming addiction may differ from other types of aggression. In this study, data came from 252 randomly recruited current university students (50.79% male, mean age 19.60 years, SD: 1.44 years, range 17 to 29 years). Participants reported gaming addiction and different types of aggression through questionnaires. In addition, two important explanatory processes, inhibitory control, and risk preference, were measured through behavioral experiments. A Bayesian hierarchical drift-diffusion model was employed to interpret the data from the risk preference task. In contrast to previous work, the study found that inhibitory control did not significantly correlate with either gaming addiction or any form of aggression However, the drift rate, a measure of decision-making inclination under risk, partially mediates the relationship between gaming addiction and verbal aggression (but not other forms of aggression). The findings illuminate risk preference under adverse conditions as a key predictor of verbal aggression, offering avenues for early intervention and suggesting game design modifications to mitigate verbal aggression by adjusting reward mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study are: (1) To describe the levels of parental stress, self-reported child verbal abuse and corporal punishment among caregivers, and; (2) To assess the extent that having moderate or higher levels of parental stress is associated with self-reported child verbal abuse and corporal punishment. We randomly sampled 12 villages and sampled 40 households per village in Thailand's impoverished Deep South region in June 2020. Study participants included 466 caregivers residing in sampled households. Trained enumerators used the standard ST-5 questionnaire to measure stress level and asked the participants to self-report the study outcomes. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Approximately 19.1% of caregivers reported moderate, high, or severe level of stress. Caregivers with moderate and higher levels of stress were more likely than caregivers with low level of stress to report child verbal abuse (48% vs. 23%, respectively; Adj. OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.90, 5.11) and corporal punishment (28% vs. 8%, respectively; Adj. OR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.36, 5.04). We found associations between caregiver's stress level and self-reported verbal abuse and corporal punishment of children in the household. However, social desirability, lack of details in the answers, and potential confounding by mental illness co-morbidities were notable limitations of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the ongoing struggles within French pediatric nephrology, highlighting a survey revealing that many pediatric nephrologists work excessively long hours and face mental health challenges, reflecting a broader crisis in the field. It mentions the "Assises de la Pédiatrie et de la Santé de l'Enfant," launched on December 7, 2022, by the French Health Ministry, aimed at addressing pediatric healthcare issues.

Background setting: The presumption that family violence will repeat and escalate is embedded in practices including risk assessment and case management. However, there is limited evidence that further episodes are inevitable, or that subsequent episodes will increase in severity. Therefore, we need to better understand temporal patterns in aggressor behavior to inform how risk is conceptualized in practice. Methods: For a sample of 2115 family violence aggressors who came to police attention in Integrated Safety Response catchment areas in Aotearoa New Zealand, we collected information New Zealand Police routinely recorded about reported harm between 2018 and 2020. We used a hidden Markov model to estimate the latent (i.e., unmeasurable) states behind the information reported to police, and modeled aggressors' movement between those states over time. Results: We identified three latent states. The first contained low or no reported harm, the second contained low probabilities of reported harm, and the third involved a high probability of reported verbal abuse and a moderate probability of reported physical violence. We identified four pathways through the latent states over the two-year follow-up period, which we called No reported harm, High reported harm, Low reported harm, and De-escalation. Conclusions: The findings add to the body of research indicating that family violence aggressors do not inevitably repeat or escalate their harmful behavior, and that a small subset of cases account for a large proportion of reported harm. This study demonstrates how information that police routinely collect can be used to estimate aggressors' latent behavioral states and model pathways communicating the probability that they will continue to come to police attention for family violence, contributing to improved risk assessment and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbes face many physical, chemical, and biological insults from their environments. In response, cells adapt, but whether they do so cooperatively is poorly understood. Here, we use a model social bacterium, Myxococcus xanthus, to ask whether adapted traits are transferable to naïve kin. To do so we isolated cells adapted to detergent stresses and tested for trait transfer. In some cases, strain-mixing experiments increased sibling fitness by transferring adaptation traits. This cooperative behavior depended on a kin recognition system called outer membrane exchange (OME) because mutants defective in OME could not transfer adaptation traits. Strikingly, in mixed stressed populations, the transferred trait also benefited the adapted (actor) cells. This apparently occurred by alleviating a detergent-induced stress response in kin that otherwise killed actor cells. Additionally, this adaptation trait when transferred also conferred resistance against a lipoprotein toxin delivered to targeted kin. Based on these and other findings, we propose a model for stress adaptation and how OME in myxobacteria promotes cellular cooperation in response to environmental stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) have poorer adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART). This study investigates the interconnectivity of stressors induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety and family dynamics on adolescents' adherence to ART. A telephone survey was conducted among 196 South African ALHIV previously enrolled in support groups. Generalized structural equations modeling was used to understand how pandemic-related stressors affected ART adherence. Respondents reported experiencing life stressors since the implementation of COVID-19 restrictions, including doing worse at school (32%), loss of household income (44%) and less food available (38%). Forty-two percent reported greater verbal aggression from adults at home and 60% experienced anxiety. The structural equations model demonstrated a direct path from experiencing life stressors to increased verbal aggression from caregivers, which led to anxiety and ultimately, poorer ART adherence. Each stressor experienced increased the odds of experiencing verbal aggression by 51% (OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.14-2.00) which, in turn, increased the odds of having anxiety four-fold (OR=4.1, 95%C =2.16-7.76). Anxiety was associated with a 74% reduction in the odds of being fully ART adherent (OR=0.26, 95%CI=0.08-0.81). COVID-19-induced stressors exacerbated the mental and physical vulnerability of ALHIV. Findings elucidate how both discord at home and anxiety can result in poorer ART adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) in Emergency Departments (EDs) is an increasingly recognized challenge healthcare providers face in low-resource settings. While studies have highlighted the increased prevalence of WPV in healthcare, most of the existing research has been conducted in developed countries with established laws and repercussions for violence against healthcare providers. More data on WPV against ED providers practicing in low-resource settings is necessary to understand these providers' unique challenges. Objective: This study aims to gain insight into the incidence and characteristics of WPV among ED healthcare providers in India. Methods: This study was conducted at two EDs in geographically distinct regions of India. A survey was designed to assess violence in EDs among healthcare providers. Surveys were distributed to ED workplace providers, completed by hand, and returned anonymously. Data was entered and stored in the RedCAP database to facilitate analysis. Results: Two hundred surveys were completed by physicians, nurses, and paramedics in Indian EDs. Most reported events involved verbal abuse (68%), followed by physical abuse (26%), outside confrontation (17%), and stalking (5%). By far, the most common perpetrators of violence against healthcare workers were bystanders including patient family members or other accompanying individuals. Notably, reporting was limited, with most cases conveyed to ED or hospital administration. Conclusion: These results underscore the prevalence of WPV among Indian ED healthcare providers. High rates of verbal abuse followed by physical abuse are of concern. Most perpetrators of WPV against healthcare providers in this study were patient family members or bystanders rather than the patients themselves. It is imperative to prioritize implementing prevention strategies to create safer work environments for healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents what titles Lucifer of Cagliari applies to Emperor Constantius II. The main part of the work is preceded by a short introduction, which contains basic information about the Author and his works. The main part describes selected contexts of use of individual groups of titles and the functions they perform. The bishop used titles to express irony, show the ruler his error and persuade him to convert. The titles used for the monarch were also compared with those used for other people and with the titles used by Hilary of Poitiers for Constantius II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study examines the extent of exposure to verbal violence experienced by people with intellectual disabilities and whether it differs based on their housing situation: living in the community, with family, or in a residential facility. Method: One hundred and eighty‐nine people with intellectual disabilities were interviewed about their experience with verbal violence. Results: Eighty‐six percent reported experiencing verbal violence in their lifetime and approximately 77% experienced it the past week. Participants were most likely to be yelled at, and friends were the most common perpetrators. While there were few differences by setting, people living with their families were more likely to be laughed at and marginally more likely to experience rude comments. Conclusions: Verbal violence is prevalent in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities in Israel. Interventions are necessary to assist people with intellectual disabilities to deal with such incidents, with possible additional supports needed for those living with family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bronchiectasis presents a significant challenge due to its rising prevalence, associated economic burden and clinical heterogeneity. This review synthesises contemporary understanding and literature of bronchiectasis exacerbations, addressing the transition from stable state to exacerbations, underlining the importance of early and precise recognition, rigorous severity assessment, prompt treatment, and prevention measures, as well as emphasising the need for strategies to assess and improve early and long-term patient outcomes. The review highlights the interplay between stable state phases and exacerbations in bronchiectasis, introducing the concept of “exogenous and endogenous changes in airways homeostasis” and the “adapted island model” with a particular focus on “frequent exacerbators”, a group of patients associated with specific clinical characteristics and worse outcomes. The pathophysiology of exacerbations is explored through the lens of microbial and nonmicrobial triggers and the presence and the activity of comorbidities, elaborating on the impact of both exogenous insults, such as infections and pollution, and endogenous factors such as inflammatory endotypes. Finally, the review proposes a multidisciplinary approach to care, integrating advancements in precision medicine and biomarker research, paving the way for tailored treatments that challenge the traditional antibiotic paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence against police is a reality for many officers. Despite growing concerns over the rise in violence against police and the serious individual and societal repercussions associated with it, a comprehensive overview of the psychological and physical consequences of verbal and physical violence against police remains elusive. By performing a scoping review (n = 21) of studies and reports identified via database searches (Web of Science and Google Scholar), reference mining, and purposive sampling, and published between 2010 and 2023, this article is the first of its kind to map psychological and physical consequences of violence against police, as well as the risk and protective factors that respectively increase and decrease adverse consequences. Results indicate that officers experience primary victimization by a range of different adverse consequences, but also deal with secondary victimization. The literature has come to a standstill due to lack of (recent) studies and a lack of diversity on how consequences of violence against police are studied. We argue that this lack of academic attention might be influenced by predominant societal perspectives and officers' perceived victim status, and discuss the implications for police, policymakers, and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]