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The smart city concept is often simply considered equivalent only to technology. This paper starts by introducing the necessity of a holistic, integrated, and multidisciplinary approach to the concept of smart cities. Smart cities are evolving by the creation of tools that are application specific; therefore, European classification of smart city applications will be reviewed (as authors have used these criteria to classify the analyzed applications) and the relationship between the different European smart classification standards are analyzed. Moreover, in order to see how reality aligns with the theoretical concept of smart cities, the authors analyzed 61 applications from 33 smart cities distributed in North America, South America, Europe and Asia. From these, 16 specific applications from eight cities have been selected and described in detail so they provide an overview of existing tools in different application areas, as defined by European standards. After showing actual smart cities, the concepts and steps for building future smart cities are suggested in a conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the developments on the utilization of network technologies on instrumenting a city and the production of urban technologies of massive streams of data in real time and space. According to the author, the development of ubiquitous devices of comparatively low cost has changed the initial conceptions of the wired city. The impact of big data on urban theory and planning is also discussed.