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Currently, the quality of school meals plays important role for the parents of schoolchildren. Expanding the range of food with hypoallergenic products is an urgent problem. In our research sorbet was used as a research object. Fruit and vegetable crops were used as the basis for the sorbet prototype. Zucchini, green apple and white currant were selected as the main ingredients of sorbets, taking into account the recommendations of a non-specific hypoallergenic diet. The goal of the research was to develop a recipe and conduct an organoleptic evaluation of a dessert based on zucchini, apples and currants. The task was to conduct an organoleptic evaluation of the prototype sorbet. The study of organoleptic indicators was carried out in accordance with GOST 31986-2012 «Catering services. Method of organoleptic assessment of the quality of public catering products». Test batches of the dessert were carried out at the Volgograd State Agrarian University at the Department of Processing and Food Production Technologies. In terms of organoleptic indicators, the new product met all technical requirements. The appearance of sorbet, a single-layer dessert in the form of a ball without glaze, decorated with mint greens. The consistency was dense. The taste was clean, characteristic of apple and currant, without any foreign tastes or odors. The color was light green, uniform throughout the mass. The product sample met the requirements of GOST R 55624-2013 «Whipped frozen fruit, vegetable and fruit-vegetable desserts. Technical conditions». A tasting evaluation of the sorbet was carried out. Employing the arithmetic mean value, the overall rating of the prototype was the highest. The use of zucchini, green apple and white currant in combination in the production of sorbet has not reduced the quality criteria of this dessert.

Soybean mutants with α-null β-conglycinin are associated with high nutritional value and low allergenic risk. Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as functional regulatory components affecting eukaryotic gene expression, little is known about lncRNA profiles in α-null-type hypoallergenic soybeans. In this study, a genome-wide integrative analysis of lncRNAs, mRNAs and epigenomic data in the soybean cgy-2 (confirmed α-null) near-isogenic line (NIL) and its recurrent parent Dongnong47 (DN47) was conducted. Nineteen novel lncRNAs that were differentially expressed (DE) only in the NIL at 18 days after flowering (i.e., α-null-associated DE lncRNAs) were delected. Sixteen putative soybean stress-responsive lncRNAs were identified, and observed to regulate 257 stress-related genes DE in the NIL. This result indicated that the α-null allele might represent an intrinsic defect stress that altered the expression of various stress-related genes in α-null-type hypoallergenic soybean. Additionally, 25 epigenetic-related lncRNAs regulated 831 DE epigenetic-related genes and simultaneously initiated multiple epigenetic activities, including ubiquitination, methylation and acetylation. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the biosynthesis of amino acids pathway was enriched with 83 DE genes regulated by nine DE lncRNAs. Changes in the expression of these lncRNAs and genes might be the reason for the altered amino acid composition in the NIL. Among all detected DE lncRNAs, MSTRG.12518 was the most conspicuous α-null-specific cis/trans-lncRNA that played an efficient, versatile and vital role in the NIL. The data indicated that the lncRNA profile differed between the NIL and DN47. Variations in lncRNAs, gene expression levels and DNA methylation states likely contributed to the intrinsic defect stress response mechanism in α-null-type hypoallergenic soybeans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cow milk protein allergy is one of the most common food allergic reactions in early childhood and often persists through adult life. Probiotics have influence on the intestinal microbiota and modulate the immune response. They may be tools that prevent or alleviate certain pathologies involving the gut immune system, such as cow milk protein allergy. In this review, significant research advances on cow milk protein allergy are explored, milk protein allergens and allergy mechanism are introduced. This review highlights recent progress in the probiotics related tothe cow milk protein allergy, which could improve milk protein allergy by regulating intestinal flora and improving intestinal immunity. Finally, the research status of hypoallergenic products is described as well as the problems faced in research and application are put forward. The in-depth study of probiotics to improve milk protein allergy has been a major breakthrough in the field of allergies, providing the theoretical basis for alleviating milk allergy.

Background: The purpose in the present study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes of patients who had undergone a mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with either titanium niobium nitride (TiNbN) alloy implants or with fixed-bearing oxidized zirconium alloy implants. Methods: The records of two consecutive cohorts for a total of 86 hypoallergenic implants were prospectively analyzed. The first cohort consisted of 49 consecutive implantations of the hypoallergenic UKA Journey Uni Oxinium (Ox Group), while the second consisted of 37 consecutive series of UKA Oxford (TiNbN Group). All patients were evaluated by two independent surgeons who were not involved in the index surgery. The clinical evaluation consisted of evaluating each patient's Oxford Knee Score and Knee Society Score day before surgery (T0), and with two consecutive follow-ups at T1 (minimum follow-up 9 months) and T2 (minimum follow-up 24 months). Results: The two groups were homogeneous in all preoperative values, except Body Mass Index (BMI) and duration of final follow-up [both statistically higher (p < 0.05) in the TiNbN group]. Both groups showed a clinically significant improvement for all scores at final follow-up (p < 0.05). The only differences between the two groups involved a higher pre-operative Oxford Score in TiNbN group (p = 0.031), and different tibial and femoral angles at the final follow-up. Conclusions: Both TiNbN and Oxinium UKA procedures enabled patients from good to excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes after the final follow-up, regardless of the age, gender, BMI bearing type, and implant size. Level of evidence: Level II Comparative study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From ancient time peoples were using lipstick, which was made by natural sources to protect and to increase the beauty of lips. Herbal lipstick contains pigments, antioxidants, waxes, oils, fragrance and preservatives. Alkanet root is used as natural source of red pigment in cosmetics, food and textile industries. Alkanet roots are traditionally used to treat aging, wounds, inflammation and herpes. The herbal lipstick was formulated and subjected to evaluation by different parameters like breaking, melting and, softening points, surface anomalies, aging and perfume stabilities, solubility test and pH. The herbal lipstick presents quintessential properties after application. It was concluded that the formulated herbal lipstick provides less side effects and further clinical investigation is required to assess for better efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Healthy nutrition is one of the global problems that humanity is facing today, of which food safety and food allergies are the most relevant issues. A lot of chemicals used as food raw materials possess allergenic properties. Food producers are only beginning to realize the scale of this problem. As a result, hypoallergenic products and methods of food allergy prevention are at an early stage of development. Study objects and methods. The paper is a review of twenty years of research on food allergy. Results and discussion. The article describes the main sources of food allergens and allergenic proteins of plant and animal origin. It also gives various classifications of food allergens in terms of their stability and ability to maintain antigenic properties after processing, as well as provides methods for allergenicity reduction and hypoallergenic food production. Conclusion. Thermal and enzymatic processing are currently the most popular methods of reducing allergenicity of food raw materials. New approaches are based on enzymatic activity of microorganisms, the chemical modification of allergenic proteins, and the removal of allergenic proteins by binding them into complexes. The combination of enzymatic processing with high hydrostatic pressure or high-intensity ultrasound is the most promising direction in the production of hypoallergenic raw materials. Other promising methods are based on the enzymatic activity of microorganisms, chemical modification of allergenic proteins, and complexation with polyphenols, anthocyanins, etc. The future lies with genetic modification, which, however, still remains too complex, time-consuming, and understudied. Most novel methods need clinical trials to confirm the possibility of their use for commercial hypoallergenic food production.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients with positive patch tests undergoing a medial mobile-bearing titanium–niobium nitride (TiNbN) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to patients undergoing standard UKA (cobalt–chromium [CoCr] implants). Methods: Two successive groups of patients, amounting to a total of 246 individuals, who received Oxford (Zimmer-Biomet, Warsaw, Indiana, USA) UKA were included. The first group was composed of a series of 203 consecutive standard CoCr UKAs (Standard Group), while the second group comprised 43 consecutive hypoallergenic TiNbN UKAs (HA group). The patients of the second group had a positive epicutaneous patch test result for metals. Each patient was evaluated using the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Knee Society Score (KSS) a day prior to the surgery (T0) and at two consecutive follow-ups, namely T1 (minimum follow-up of 12 months) and T2 (minimum follow-up of 34 months). Radiographic measurements were performed at the final follow-up (T2). Results: No statistical differences were noted between the two groups regarding demographic data (p > 0.05). No clinical or radiographic differences were found between the HA and standard groups at any follow-up (p > 0.05). A statistically significant improvement was found at any follow-up for both OKS and KSS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: No clinical or radiographic differences between the hypoallergenic and standard cobalt–chromium groups at any follow-up were found, with a clinically significant improvement being experienced by both groups during the entire follow-up. Level of evidence: Level II—comparative prospective study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Soft silicone's flexibility, adhesive capacity and non-toxic, non-odourous and hypoallergenic nature have made it an established material for adhesive and protective therapeutic devices. In wound care, silicone is a component of contact layer dressings for superficial wounds and silicone gel sheeting for reducing the risk of scarring, as well as of barriers for incontinence-associated dermatitis. Regarding stoma accessories, silicone is established in barrier films to prevent contact dermatitis, adhesive removers to prevent skin stripping and filler gels to prevent appliance leaks. Until recently, silicone has not been used in stoma appliances flanges, as its hydrophobic nature has not allowed for moisture management to permit transepidermal water loss and prevent maceration. Traditional hydrocolloid appliances manage moisture by absorbing water, but this can lead to saturation and moisture-associated skin damage (MASD), as well as increased adhesion and resultant skin tears on removal, known as medical adhesive-related skin injury (MARSI). However, novel silicone compounds have been developed with a distinct evaporation-based mechanism of moisture management. This uses colloidal separation to allow the passage of water vapour at a rate equivalent to normal transepidermal water loss. It has been shown to minimise MASD, increase wear time and permit atraumatic removal without the use of adhesive solvents. Trio Healthcare has introduced this technology with a range of silicone-based flange extenders and is working with the University of Bradford Centre for Skin Sciences on prototype silicone-based stoma appliance flanges designed to significantly reduce the incidence of peristomal skin complications, such as MARSI and MASD. It is hoped that this will also increase appliance wear time, reduce costs and improve patient quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

House dust mites (HDMs) are one of the major causes of allergies in the world. The group 23 allergen, Der p 23, from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, is a major allergen amongst HDM-sensitized individuals. This study aims to determine the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) binding frequency and IgE-binding residues of recombinant Der p 23 (rDer p 23) allergen amongst a cohort of consecutive atopic individuals in a tropical region. We performed site-directed mutagenesis and carried out immuno-dot blot assays using 65 atopic sera. The immuno-dot blot assays results indicated that the two residues K44 and E46 which are located at the N-terminal region are the major IgE-binding residues. The rDerp-23 sIgE titers are strongly correlated to the number of IgE-binding residues for rDer p 23 (P < 0.001). Atopic individuals who were only sensitized to HDM have a significantly higher number of IgE-binding residues than the individuals who were polysensitized to HDM and other crude allergens (P < 0.05). Individuals with allergic multimorbidity and moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis also have a higher number of IgE-binding residues compared to those with single allergic disease and mild allergic rhinitis. The results prompt us to hypothesize that the individuals who have a higher number of IgE-binding residues may face a bigger challenge to be treated through immunotherapy due to the complexity in designing an effective hypoallergen with a high number of IgE-binding residues. We propose that the development of a refined molecular diagnostic assay, which includes alanine substitution of surface-exposed residues could be a more precise diagnostic strategy to identify all the IgE-binding residues of a major allergen for an atopic individual and the development could be another new dimension in allergy diagnosis and allergen immunotherapy treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of an elemental diet in the management of inflammatory gastroenterological diseases has long been accepted as standard management and has shown to both induce and maintain remission in Crohn's disease, but the evidence is lacking for its use in diversion colitis. An elemental diet is one which provides all the required nutrition in a more easily absorbed and hypoallergenic form. In this case report, we present a patient who had a flare of diversion colitis treated with diet alone. She had a significant improvement in her symptoms with a decrease in bowel motions, rectal discharge and pain. This case suggests that there may be some role for the use of an elemental diet in the management of diversion colitis. We also examine some potential mechanisms which may lead to the benefit observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural changes and allergenicity of whey proteins (WPI) upon complexation with caffeic acid (CA) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) at acidic and neutral pH conditions were investigated. WPI-phenolic compounds interactions were evidenced by fluorescence quenching, accompanied by red-shift (32 nm in WPI-CA and 3 nm in WPI-EGCG). Negative exothermic enthalpy obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry analysis (–5966.4 ± 733.7 kJ/mol for WPI-CA and −14378.3 ± 2363.8 kJ/mol for WPI-EGCG) and reduction of surface hydrophobicity suggest that those interactions are of non-covalent nature. Additionally, changes in secondary structure pattern and increase in thermal stability were demonstrated by circular dichroism and were higher in neutral than in acidic conditions. WPI-EGCG complexes obtained in both pH conditions showed a reduced IgE-binding capacity to β-lg and BSA, two important allergens in milk. In conclusion, we suggest that complexation with EGCG could be a promising strategy to reduce the allergenicity of whey proteins.

While it is difficult to imagine that before the late 1800s, surgeons in the theatre environment operated on patients without gloves, gloves are now a clinical necessity. Their use has risen exponentially over the last 30 years, along with concerns over staff and patient allergy and sensitivity to the natural rubber latex proteins used in their manufacture. Having used latex gloves for the better part of 35 years, the author recently evaluated a latex-free alternative. In this article, which presents a rationale for the introduction of a latex-free glove policy across NHS departments and trusts, particularly in theatre settings, the author presents his experience, together with cases from four other surgeons, as well as evidence from the literature regarding potential clinical outcomes, quality of life and cost-effectiveness associated with latex-free gloves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eggs and their derived products are common foods that can induce food allergic reaction, especially in children. The reported incidence of egg allergy is 1% to 2%, and its prevalence has rapidly increased in recent years. Currently, there is no approved treatment for it. The clinical guidance for this adverse food reaction is the complete elimination of egg (and their derived products) from diet, which is difficult due to the wide use of egg ingredients in food industry. Food processing methods can affect the conformational and/or linear epitopes of allergens and may change the allergenicity of egg. Thermal treatment and various other processing methods based on the enzymatic hydrolysis and irradiation have been found useful in reducing allergenicity of certain egg allergens. However, processed egg proteins can also show an increased allergenicity after treatment and the correct pattern to follow for the generation of hypoallergenic products remains unclear. This review explores the influence of processing methods on egg allergenicity and reports the best options for the generation of hypoallergenic egg products to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the medieval era, the Royal families of Assam, India produced Muga silk fabrics. During the time of the Koch Dynasty (Historical Koch Country), Muga silk from ancient Pragjyotishpur and Koch Behar became an integral part of the trade with Bengal, Bhutan, Tibet, and the Mughals. Most households in Assam weave cloth and every girl child in the household acquires weaving skills at a very young age from her mother. In Sualkuchi, a town in Assam, there are approximately 6,872 female weavers. These weavers are very concerned about the preservation of traditional handloom weaving as they feel that over time the skills required for this could disappear. They feel that they are unable to work as efficiently in their old age as they had in their youth. The automated machine seems to be a sign of hope for them, but at the same time, they have a strong attachment to the traditional handlooms. Quite recently, the traders have started procuring traditional garments manufactured from cloth made by automated machines. This is a threat to the local weavers since these garments are sold at a lower price, and this poses a challenge to the traditional handloom fabrics of Assam. A sustainable model needs to be incorporated to improve the conditions of the local weavers. The introduction of modern techniques and business strategies will help to empower the weavers. Muga is a noninflammable, anti-bacterial, natural, lustrous gold fabric which absorbs UV rays from sunlight. Pat silk is hypoallergenic, and it contains sericin, which reduces allergic reactions in the skin. Eri is antifungal, and this makes it a unique fabric for face masks, baby clothes, undergarments, blankets, quilts, medical uses, mosquito nets or special attire to protect one from UV rays, fungus, bacteria, and insects. The full range of the unique qualities of the fabrics of Assam should be widely publicized to increase the consumer demand for these handlooms. The area also has the potential to make castor oil out of the castor plant (Ricinus Communis Linn), which is a fed to the Eri Silkworm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rising proportion of the world population suffers from food-related allergies, including incompatibilities to apples. Although several allergenic proteins have been found in apples, the most important proteins that cause allergic reactions to apples in Central-Northern Europe, and North America are the Mal d 1 proteins, which are homologues of the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. As the demand for hypoallergenic fruits is constantly increasing, we selected apple genotypes with a low total content of Mal d 1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis from segregating populations and tested the tolerability of these fruits through a human provocation study. This tiered approach, which exploited the natural diversity of apples, led to the identification of fruits, which were tolerated by allergic patients. In addition, we found a significant correlation (coefficient >0.76) between the total Mal d 1 content and flavan-3-ol amount and show that the isoform composition of the Mal d 1 proteins, which was determined by LC-MS/MS has a decisive effect on the tolerability of apple genotypes. The approach presented can be applied to other types of fruit and to other allergenic proteins. Therefore, the strategy can be used to reduce the allergen content of other plant foods, thereby improving food safety for allergy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sterile protective gloves are used to reduce the risk of infection for patients and clinicians in all healthcare settings. This is particularly important in operating theatres, where surgical site infection is a common and serious complication for perioperative patients. These gloves have traditionally been made from natural rubber latex and dusted with cornstarch powder. However, frequent use of latex gloves can lead to a hypersensitivity or allergy to latex. A latex allergy causes discomfort and inconvenience, and it may reduce productivity, impose significant financial burdens and even be life threatening. There has not been sufficient evidence to ban the clinical use of latex; however, in cases of suspected latex allergy, guidelines recommend the use of either latex-free gloves or powder-free, low-protein latex gloves. The use of these alternative gloves has typically been limited to cases of allergy, because they have previously been associated with reduced dexterity and durability compared with latex gloves. This article presents four case studies, in which health professionals in a perioperative setting compare the advantages and disadvantages of using traditional latex surgical gloves with those of latex-free gloves manufactured by Cardinal Health. The findings of these case studies suggest that these latex-free gloves are equal to latex gloves in terms of establishing asepsis and providing comfort and dexterity to the wearer, without presenting the risk of developing latex sensitivity and/or allergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of sutureless, adhesive securement devices in vascular access has become recommended as best practice, because they are a cost-effective, reliable solution. After a vascular access device has been inserted, catheter securement is one of the most important aspects of care and maintenance. The Grip-Lok® range offers secure, comfortable adhesive securement for all types of vascular access devices. The products use hypoallergenic medical adhesive, which reduces the risk of skin irritation and provides a reliable, adaptable alternative to suturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With polynucleotides being brought to the forefront in the aesthetics sector, editorial board member Alexandra Mills talks about their mechanisms, impact and versatility [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of recombinant allergens is a promising approach in allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Considerable limitation, however, has been the ability of recombinant allergens to activate effector cells leading to allergic reactions. Recombinant hypoallergens with preserved protein folding and capacity to induce protective IgG antibodies binding effectively to the native allergen upon sensitization would be beneficial for safer AIT. In this study, hypoallergen variants of the major horse allergen Equ c 1 were designed by introducing one point mutation on the putative IgE epitope region and two mutations on the monomer-monomer interface of Equ c 1 dimer. The recombinant Equ c 1 wild type and the variants were produced and purified to homogeneity, characterized by size-exclusion ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. The IgE-binding profiles were analyzed by a competitive immunoassay and the biological activity by a histamine release assay using sera from horse allergic individuals. Two Equ c 1 variants, Triple 2 (V47K + V110E + F112K) and Triple 3 (E21Y + V110E + F112K) showed lower allergen-specific IgE-binding capacity and decreased capability to release histamine from basophils in vitro when using sera from six allergic individuals. Triple 3 showed higher reduction than Triple 2 in IgE-binding (5.5 fold) and in histamine release (15.7 fold) compared to wild type Equ c 1. Mutations designed on the putative IgE epitope region and monomer-monomer interface of Equ c 1 resulted in decreased dimerization, a lower IgE-binding capacity and a reduced triggering of an allergic response in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Natural latex contains allergenic proteins which can cause hypersensitive immune responses.1,2 This ranges from mild local cutaneous reactions to lifethreatening anaphylaxis and death.3 The severity of symptoms depends on the individual’s susceptibility and the route of exposure, with parenterally administered products posing the greatest risk.3 Vials with stoppers containing latex risk the allergenic proteins leaching into the aqueous preparation.3 Aim: To identify whether products prepared in the aseptic unit contain latex or latex derivatives. Objectives • To review the SPC for all cytotoxic drugs and monoclonal antibodies prepared in the aseptic unit, to identify products containing latex or latex derivatives • To contact the manufacturer for all cytotoxic drugs and monoclonal antibodies prepared in the aseptic unit, to identify products containing latex or latex derivatives Method: A list was obtained of all the cytotoxic drugs and monoclonal antibodies prepared in the aseptic unit. Every product’s SPC was checked for information on its latex and latex derivative content. The manufacturers were contacted via their medicines information sources to confirm the latex and latex derivative content status of the product. The information provided by the SPC and manufacturer were compared. Results Discussion/conclusion: Most manufacturers avoid latex and latex derivatives in their products as the most appropriate safety precaution. A small number of manufacturers, however, still use natural dry rubber as a component in the vial stoppers. This refers to hardened sheets of Hevea latex, with much fewer latex proteins making the final product much less antigenic.2,3 However, it is not known whether trace amounts of latex from latex-containing vial stoppers can cause allergic reactions in latex-sensitive patients.2 To improve practice and patient safety, the following actions will be implemented: 1. All products must be assessed for latex/latex derivative content prior to preparation in the aseptic unit 2. For products that may contain latex or a latex derivative, the following must be added to the label: ‘May contain latex or latex derivatives’ 3. The allergy status of patients must be assessed at the new patient assessment by the nurses and at the clinical screening by the clinical pharmacist 4. The pharmacovigilance process for investigating adverse reactions must be updated to include the assessment of the latex and latex derivative content of the products administered 5. Staff training on the importance of assessing the latex and latex derivative content must be implemented 6. Commercial units need to be approached, to ensure they have a process for identifying products that potentially contain latex or latex derivatives and be requested to add this to their labels. 7. Regional procurement needs to be contacted to ensure they are aware that some products contain latex and latex derivatives and request that the assessment of this is incorporated into their tendering process for regional contracts. Products that may contain latex or latex derivatives should be avoided where possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Caffeic acid and EGCG bind to whey proteins (WPI), modifying their structure. • WPI-EGCG complexation reduced allergenicity of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and BSA. • EGCG possibly binds to β-lg and BSA epitopes, masking IgE-binding sites. • Interaction with EGCG may be a promising way to obtain WPI hypoallergenic products. Abstract Structural changes and allergenicity of whey proteins (WPI) upon complexation with caffeic acid (CA) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) at acidic and neutral pH conditions were investigated. WPI-phenolic compounds interactions were evidenced by fluorescence quenching, accompanied by red-shift (32 nm in WPI-CA and 3 nm in WPI-EGCG). Negative exothermic enthalpy obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry analysis (–5966.4 ± 733.7 kJ/mol for WPI-CA and −14378.3 ± 2363.8 kJ/mol for WPI-EGCG) and reduction of surface hydrophobicity suggest that those interactions are of non-covalent nature. Additionally, changes in secondary structure pattern and increase in thermal stability were demonstrated by circular dichroism and were higher in neutral than in acidic conditions. WPI-EGCG complexes obtained in both pH conditions showed a reduced IgE-binding capacity to β-lg and BSA, two important allergens in milk. In conclusion, we suggest that complexation with EGCG could be a promising strategy to reduce the allergenicity of whey proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose — Metal sensitivity might provoke complications after arthroplasty. Correspondingly, coated "hypoallergenic" implants are of interest but long-term follow-up data are missing. Thus, we assessed immunological and clinical parameters in such patients. Patients and methods — 5 years' follow-up data were obtained from 3 centers, which used either a standard total knee replacement (TKR) or the identical implant with multilayer surface zirconium nitride based coating. Of the 196 patients (mean age 68 years (44-84), 110 females) 97 had arthroplasty with a coated surface, and 99 were treated by a standard TKR of the same type. Investigations were Knee Society Score (KSS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), radiographic analysis, and cytokine measurement in peripheral blood. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by cytometric beads assay and RT-PCR. Results — Survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) was 98% for coated and 97% for uncoated implants after 5 years. Mechanical axis and KSS pain score (42 vs. 41 (0-50)) were comparable. Most serum cytokine levels were comparable, but mean interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 levels were higher in the group with an uncoated implant. IL-8: 37 (SD 7.5) pg/mL vs. 1.1 (SD 4.3) (p < 0.001); IL-10: 3.6 (SD 2.5) vs. 0.3 (SD 1.8) pg/mL (p < 0.001). Interpretation — There was similar clinical outcome 5 years after standard and surface-coated TKR. In peripheral blood there was an increased pro-inflammatory status, i.e., significant elevation of IL-8 and the anti-inflammatory IL-10, after standard uncoated prosthesis. Any long-term effects of these cytokine changes are unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of BioBiteCorrector (BBC), a fixed mandibular protrusion hinge used in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Topics discussed include its use by dental technicians and process of using it. It further presents several features of BBC including hypoallergenic, it shouldn't be parallelized and its pre-assembling.

Consumption of soy protein and its products has increased significantly due to the increasing costs of animal proteins, esoteric supplement requirements, and several functional health benefits. Recently, the need to upgrade the functional features of soy protein led to new technologies including chemical and enzymatic processes. Hypoallergenic formulas and other immunomodulatory products are crucial targets of enzyme technology. Several proteases are used to achieve varying physiological properties and degrees of hydrolysis of soy protein, but reports on the use of pepsin are few, whereas it is among the paramount digestive proteases in the gastrointestinal tract of man. Bitterness and digestibility of soy protein hydrolysates have always been of concern, and there are ways of evading them. This review examines the potentials of pepsin-educed soy protein hydrolysates in relation to immunomodulatory and functional food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rate allergenic properties of the complementary food line based on grains, fruits/vegetables and meat in the diet of infants (0–1 years old). Methods: The study included children aged 4–6 months with natural, mixed or artificial feeding, who had not received any complementary food before. The children were almost healthy or had a burdened allergic history. Complementary foods (porridge, vegetable puree, meat puree and fruit puree) were administered basing on an individual plan depending on age, nutritional status and nature of feces. Tolerability of products and dynamics of mass-height and laboratory parameters were evaluated. At the beginning and at the end of the study, capillary blood was taken to determine the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells (MCH), the equivalent of hemoglobin in reticulocytes (RetHe), iron, ferritin, prealbumin, and specific E class immunoglobulin (IgE) to the proteins in cow's and goat milk, apples, pears, prunes, zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, rice, maize, buckwheat, turkey meat, and rabbit meat (quantitative allergy diagnostics using an express method). In addition, a scatological study was performed. Results: 60 healthy children received complementary foods based on grains, fruits/vegetables and meat on a step-by-step basis. The level of specific IgE to food allergens in all children under the study was within normal range (0–135 IU/ml) both initially and after the administration of all the complementary foods studied. Conclusion: The investigated complementary foods have a low sensitizing potential, including in children with a burdened allergic history. This allows us to describe them as hypoallergenic products.

Amandin is the major storage protein and allergen in almond seeds. Foods, containing almonds, subjected to thermal processing typically experience Maillard browning reaction. The resulting destruction of amino groups, protein glycation, and/or denaturation may alter amandin immunoreactivity. Amandin immunoreactivity of variously processed almond containing foods was therefore the focus of the current investigation. Commercial and laboratory prepared foods, including those likely to have been subjected to Maillard browning, were objectively assessed by determining Hunter L*, a*, b* values. The L* values for the tested samples were in the range of 31.75 to 85.28 consistent with Maillard browning. Three murine monoclonal antibodies, 4C10, 4F10, and 2A3, were used to determine the immunoreactivity of the targeted samples using immunoassays (ELISA, Western blot, dot blot). The tested foods did not exhibit cross-reactivity indicating that the immunoassays were amandin specific. For sandwich ELISAs, ratio ( R) of sample immunoreactivity to reference immunoreactivity was calculated. The ranges of R values were 0.67 to 15.19 (4C10), 1.00 to 11.83 (4F10), and 0.77 to 23.30 (2A3). The results of dot blot and Western blot were consistent with those of ELISAs. Results of these investigations demonstrate that amandin is a stable marker protein for almond detection regardless of the degree of amandin denaturation and/or destruction as a consequence of Maillard reaction encountered under the tested processing conditions. Practical Application Foods containing almond are often subjected to processing prior to consumption. Amandin, the major allergen in almond, may experience Maillard reaction. Understanding the change in amandin immunoreactivity as a result of Maillard reaction is important for amandin detection and production of hypoallergenic food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy is caused by the extractable latex proteins in dipped rubber products. It is a major concern for the consumers who are sensitive to the allergenic extractable proteins (EP) in products such as NRL gloves. Objective of this research was to develop an economical method to reduce the EP in finished dipped NRL products. In order to reduce the EP levels, two natural proteases, bromelain from pineapple and papain from papaya, were extracted and partially purified using (NH4)2SO4. According to the newly developed method, different glove samples were treated with a 5% solution of each partially purified enzyme, for 2 hours at 60°C. Residual amounts of in treated samples were quantified using the modified Lowry assay (ASTM D5712-10). Bromelain displayed a 54 (±11)% reduction of the EP from the dipped rubber products, whereas it was 58 (±8)% with papain. These results clearly indicate that the selected natural proteases, bromelain, and papain contribute significantly towards the reduction of the total EP in finished NRL products. Application of bromelain enzyme for the aforementioned purpose has not been reported up to date, whereas papain has been used to treat raw NRL towards reducing the EP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cow milk is a nutritious product that could be the first food introduced into infant's diet when breastfeeding is not possible. However, ingestion of cow milk can cause allergenic reaction in subjects which adverse immunologic response to bovine milk proteins. Clinical trials demonstrated that the microbial fermentation of bovine milk could be a possible strategy to reduce allergic symptoms in childhood. During fermentation process, some epitopes of milk proteins are destroyed by digestive enzymes of lactic acid bacteria. The antigenicity reduction depends on the specificity of the proteinases from these bacteria. In this study, functional three autochthonous Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp dextranicum isolated from Algerian dromedary milk were tested for their proteolytic and hypoallergenic properties. Hydrolysis of cow milk proteins by isolates was assayed using different techniques. Results revealed that Lactobacillus plantarum C22P was associated with rapid growth and pronounced proteolytic activity when cultured in the presence of cow milk proteins. A total degradation of beta lactoglobulin and k-casein was obtained by this strain. Results presented in this manuscript suggest that Lb plantarum C22P could be used as new potential adjunct bacteria with interesting proteolytic and hypoallergenic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania ranks third in the EU28 in terms of sheep numbers (9.8 millions), having a self-sufficiency for sheep meat of 150 % and therefore exports are important at national level. Objectives of the current research trials were: i) to evaluate the potential of the Turcana breed to produce organic lamb meat under highland pasture-based conditions; ii) to evaluate the overall resistance of the breed and fitness indicators, in comparison with two native breeds, reared under lowinput conditions; iii) to study the genetic base using molecular assisted selection in order to produce hypoallergenic milk and derived milk products. The conventional pasture from the current project had a potential of production of 189 kg/ha for Turcana purebreds, and of 236 kg/ha for F1German Blackheaded x Turcana (GBxTA) crossbreed lambs. While for the organic pasture, it was estimated a production potential of 191 kg of meat per hectar while rearing Turcana purebred lambs, and of 240 kg/ha for the F1GBxTA dualbreeds. In the current preliminary study, the genetic polymorphism of ovine β-casein gene in the Romanian Zackel breed was highlighted, using TaqMan assay. β-casein in sheep is strongly correlated to economically important milk quantitative traits, being a first step in introducing genomic selection for the production of organic hypoallergenic sheep milk and derived products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hair dye is one of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis. The main allergen has been identified as para-phenylenediamine. To prevent the recurrence of contact dermatitis to para-phenylenediamine, patients should discontinue the use of para-phenylenediamine-containing hair dye products. However, many patients are unable to discontinue their use for cosmetic or social reasons. Sometimes, they continue to have symptoms even after switching to so-called "less allergenic" hair dyes.Objectives: To evaluate the safety of 15 commercially available hair dye products in patients with allergic contact dermatitis due to para-phenylenediamine.Methods: We performed patch tests using 15 hair dyes that were advertised as "hypoallergenic," "no para-phenylenediamine" and "non-allergenic" products in the market.Results: Twenty three patients completed the study and 20 (87.0%) patients had a positive patch test reaction to at least one product. While four (26.7%) hair dye products contained para-phenylenediamine, 10 (66.7%) out of 15 contained m- aminophenol and 7 (46.7%) contained toluene-2,5-diamine sulfate. Only one product did not elicit a positive reaction in any patient.Limitations: Small sample size and possibility of false-positive reactions.Conclusions: Dermatologists should educate patients with allergic contact dermatitis to para-phenylenediamine about the importance of performing sensitivity testing prior to the actual use of any hair dye product, irrespective of how it is advertised or labelled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusidic acid, an antibiotic produced from theFusidium coccineumfungus, belongs to the class of steroids, but has no corticosteroid effects. It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusstrains. The aim of this study was to search for the properties of fusidic acid published so far in the literature, as well as the methods developed for its determination in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations. From the findings, we can conclude that fusidic acid has been used for decades and is indicated for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive microorganisms to this day. Furthermore, it is a hypoallergenic agent, has low toxicity, shows low resistance, and has no cross-resistance with other clinically used antibiotics. The analytical method of high-performance liquid chromatography has been widely used for determining fusidic acid, since it can reduce the cost and time of analysis, making it more viable for routine quality control in the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 7-month-old girl was brought to hospital due to vomiting. Upon admission, she was in a convulsive state and stupor with extremely low blood glucose. Head computed tomography showed brain edema, and comprehensive treatment for acute encephalopathy was initiated immediately. Severe hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, elevation of ammonia and serum transaminases and creatine kinase suggested metabolic decompensation. Infusion of a high-glucose solution containing vitamins, biotin, and l-carnitine resolved the metabolic crisis quickly, but brain damage was irreversible. She was found to have been fed exclusively on a hypoallergenic formula (HF) for 7 months, although she was found later to be non-allergic. Evidence of inborn metabolic diseases was absent, therefore biotin deficiency and carnitine deficiency were concluded to be a consequence of reliance on a HF for a prolonged period. Health-care professionals should warn parents of the consequences of using HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peanut allergy continues to be a problem in most developed countries of the world. We sought a processing method that would alter allergenic peanut proteins, such that allergen recognition by IgE from allergic individuals would be significantly reduced or eliminated. Such a method would render accidental exposures to trace amounts of peanuts safer. A combination of boiling and frying decreased recovery of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 at their expected MWs. In contrast, treatment with high pressures under varying temperatures had no effect on protein extraction profiles. Antibodies specific for Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 6 bound proteins extracted from raw samples but not in boiled/fried samples. However, pre-incubation of serum with boiled/fried extract removed most raw peanut-reactive IgE from solution, including IgE directed to Ara h 1 and 2. Thus, this method of processing is unlikely to generate a peanut product tolerated by peanut allergic patients. Importantly, variability in individual patients’ IgE repertoires may mean that some patients’ IgE would bind fewer polypeptides in the sequentially processed seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food allergy is a major public health problem in children, impacting upon the affected individual, their families and others charged with their care, for example educational establishments, and the food industry. In contrast to most other paediatric diseases, there is no established cure: current management is based upon dietary avoidance and the provision of rescue medication in the event of accidental reactions, which are common. This strategy has significant limitations and impacts adversely on health-related quality of life. In the last decade, research into disease-modifying treatments for food allergy has emerged, predominantly for peanut, egg and cow's milk. Most studies have used the oral route (oral immunotherapy, OIT), in which increasing amounts of allergen are given over weeks-months. OIT has proven effective to induce immune modulation and 'desensitization' - that is, an increase in the amount of food allergen that can be consumed, so long as regular (typically daily) doses are continued. However, its ability to induce permanent tolerance once ongoing exposure has stopped seems limited. Additionally, the short- and long-term safety of OIT is often poorly reported, raising concerns about its implementation in routine practice. Most patients experience allergic reactions and, although generally mild, severe reactions have occurred. Long-term adherence is unclear, which rises concerns given the low rates of long-term tolerance induction. Current research focuses on improving current limitations, especially safety. Strategies include alternative routes (sublingual, epicutaneous), modified hypoallergenic products and adjuvants (anti-IgE, pre-/probiotics). Biomarkers of safe/successful OIT are also under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to reduced allergic potency, hypoallergenic variants have been suggested as safer and potentially more efficacious alternative to the corresponding wild-type allergens in allergen-specific immunotherapy. Here, we aimed at investigating the efficacy of recombinant Bet v 1B2, a hypoallergenic folding variant of Bet v 1, in epicutaneous immunotherapy to suppress asthmatic features using a murine model of birch pollen allergy. Methods and Results: Before, or after sensitization with rBet v 1 plus ALUMW and intranasal challenges with birch pollen extract, BALB/c mice received epicutaneous immunization (EPI) with rBet v 1, or rBet v 1B2 on their depilated back. Prophylactic EPI with rBet v 1B2, but not with rBet v 1, suppressed serum levels of Bet v 1-specific IgE antibodies and reduced the number of eosinophils and the concentrations of Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage. In an established allergic condition, serum levels of Bet v 1-specific IgE antibodies were similar between PBS-treated control mice and EPI-treated mice. However, therapeutic EPI with rBet v 1B2, but not with rBet v 1, significantly suppressed the development of airway inflammation and lung function impairment. Conclusion: This study is the first to show the effect of therapeutic EPI with a recombinant form of a hypoallergenic folding variant on the suppression of asthmatic features. Our results suggest that rBet v 1B2 along with its reduced IgEbinding capacity could be a preferred therapeutic allergen than wild-type rBet v 1 in epicutaneous immunotherapy of birch pollen-induced allergic asthma, in particular due to a lower risk of allergic side effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic asthma caused by house dust mite (HDM) is becoming a public health problem. Specific immunotherapy is considered to be the only curative treatment, but it is always associated with IgE-mediated side effects in the therapy process. A few studies showed that the disruption of allergen IgE epitopes could reduce IgE reactivity and thus reduce allergenic activity. In this study, a hypoallergenic derivative of the major HDM allergen Der p2 was constructed by genetic engineering. This derivative was confirmed to have a considerably reduced IgE reactivity compared with Der p2. For its application in vivo, recombinant Lactococcus lactis (LL-DM) was engineered to deliver the Der p2 derivative to the intestinal mucosal surface. Oral administration of LL-DM significantly alleviated Der p2-induced airway inflammation, as shown by reduced inflammatory infiltration and a reduction in Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage. This protective effect was associated with an up-regulation of specific IgG2a and a decrease in IL-4 level in the spleen which may affect specific IgE response. Moreover, the levels of regulatory T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen were markedly increased in mice fed with LL-DM, suggesting that LL-DM can inhibit allergic responses via the induction of regulatory T cell. Our results indicate that the Der p2 derivative is a promising therapeutic molecule for specific immunotherapy and recombinant lactic acid bacteria could be developed as a promising treatment or prevention strategy for allergic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The FAST (food allergy-specific immunotherapy) project aims at developing safe and effective subcutaneous immunotherapy for fish allergy, using recombinant hypoallergenic carp parvalbumin, Cyp c 1. Objectives: Preclinical characterization and good manufacturing practice (GMP) production of mutant Cyp (mCyp) c 1. Methods:Escherichia coli-produced mCyp c 1 was purified using standard chromatographic techniques. Physicochemical properties were investigated by gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism spectroscopy, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Allergenicity was assessed by ImmunoCAP inhibition and basophil histamine release assay, immunogenicity by immunization of laboratory animals and stimulation of patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Reference molecules were purified wild-type Cyp c 1 (natural and/or recombinant). GMP-compliant alum-adsorbed mCyp c 1 was tested for acute toxicity in mice and rabbits and for repeated-dose toxicity in mice. Accelerated and real-time protocols were used to evaluate stability of mCyp c 1 as drug substance and drug product. Results: Purified mCyp c 1 behaves as a folded and stable molecule. Using sera of 26 double-blind placebo-controlled food-challenge-proven fish-allergic patients, reduction in allergenic activity ranged from 10- to 5,000-fold (1,000-fold on average), but with retained immunogenicity (immunization in mice/rabbits) and potency to stimulate human PBMCs. Toxicity studies revealed no toxic effects and real-time stability studies on the Al(OH)3-adsorbed drug product demonstrated at least 20 months of stability. Conclusion: The GMP drug product developed for treatment of fish allergy has the characteristics targeted for in FAST: i.e. hypoallergenicity with retained immunogenicity. These results have warranted first-in-man immunotherapy studies to evaluate the safety of this innovative vaccine. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) defined a formula as hypoallergenic if it ensures with 95% confidence that 90% of infants with confirmed cow’s milk allergy (CMA) will not react with defined symptoms under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions. This study’s objective was to determine whether a new amino acid–based formula (AAF) meets the AAP hypoallergenicity criteria. Methods. Children with CMA were randomized to double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) with a new AAF and a commercial AAF in crossover fashion followed by an at-home open challenge with the new AAF. Allergic reactions were assessed using a scoring system. Results. Thirty-three subjects completed DBPCFCs with both formulas without acute allergic reactions. The lower bound 95% confidence interval for hypoallergenicity was 91.3%. No unusual stool patterns, allergic symptoms, or signs of intolerance were reported during the open challenge. Conclusion. The new AAF meets AAP hypoallergenicity criteria and can be recommended for the management of CMA. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Few large studies concerning the importance of food allergy in adolescents and adult patients with atopic dermatitis exist. The evaluation of food allergy to egg white and yolk, peanuts, soy, cow milk and wheat in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. Two hundred forty patients (70 men, 170 women) were examined. Complete dermatological and allergological examination was performed in all patients, including specific IgE, skin prick test and atopy patch test. The challenge test was performed according to the results of examinations with suspected foods. The food allergy to peanuts was confirmed in 20% of patients, to egg in 6%, to soy in 3.3%, to wheat in 2.5% and to milk in 0.8% – altogether in 65 patients (27.5%). The positive results in examinations without clinical symptoms of food allergy were recorded in another 78 patients (32.5%). The diagnostic work-up should comprise not only the laboratory methods, but also the diagnostic hypoallergenic diet and the challenge test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]