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Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Transition‐metal phosphides prepared from temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR) are generally known to be unstable and prone to surface structure decomposition upon exposure to air. In this work, air‐stable molybdenum phosphide (MoP) was prepared using TPR modified by sulfur. This catalyst was exposed to ambient atmosphere for up to 150 days and still maintained its surface and bulk structures as the fresh sample derived from in situ reduction. The metal phosphosulfide phase generated during TPR not only contributes to the solid structural properties but also exhibits superior catalytic activity in various hydrofining reactions compared to traditional MoP catalysts. Additionally, this preparation strategy was used to synthesize other sulfur‐doped metal phosphides, such as CoP and Cu3P. Both of these catalysts exhibited excellent air‐stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on hydrogenation reaction and distillation cutting based on molecular lump is conducted to reduce hydrogen consumption of LCO processing in a refinery. Modeling the actual working conditions on site data using Aspen HYSYS software, characterizing the LCO feedstock using molecular lump, and analyzing the concentration effect of LCO after distiilation cutting on different molecules based on molecular lump, and evaluating the changes in hydrogen consumption, product properties, and downstream comprehensive utilization after molecular concentration by modeling the hydrogenation reaction, in order to quantitatively calculate the product properties and overall benefits after light and heavy LCO refining. Combined with the site condi-tions, distiilation cutting 76.5 t/h LCO at 290-310 °C, where the light LCO is sent to the hydrofining unit and the heavy LCO is sent to the hydroupgrading unit, which can improve the selectivity of LCO hydrogenation process and effectively avoid the over saturation and ring opening of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkane. Through modeling analysis and optimization calculation, the pure hydrogen consumption in the LCO hydrogenation process is reduced by 2,380 m³/h, which is equivalent to a 9.9% reduction in hydrogen consumption of the entire factory's LCO processing. Combined with distiilation cutting energy consumption and other costs, the annual comprehensive benefit of the plan is 15.74 miilion yuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published data on hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation of model petroleum compounds in the presence of molybdenum and tungsten phosphides are analyzed. The majority of papers in which these catalysts are compared to traditional sulfide catalysts demonstrate higher activity of the phosphide catalysts. The influence exerted on the activity of phosphide catalysts in these processes by the feed composition (presence of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds), catalyst synthesis conditions and active phase content, reaction conditions, and promoter is described. When performing the synthesis at high temperatures or using large amounts of the active phase deposited onto an Al-containing support, the catalyst activity can decrease owing to the formation of AlPO4. The promotion of molybdenum and tungsten phosphides with nickel or cobalt enhances the catalyst activity. The major cause of phosphide deactivation is the presence of nitrogen-containing compounds in the feed, whereas the presence of sulfur-containing compounds, on the contrary, in most cases leads to an increase in the catalyst activity owing to the formation of the phosphosulfide phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Used aviation lubricating oil(UO) as the starting feedstock for the preparation of regenerated base oil by distillation・hydrofining・axlsorption. The properties of UO hydrorefined lubricating oil (HO) were characterized using GC・MS「H NMR and FTIR・ It was found that after the UO was hydrorefined, the viscosity index of HO was 122, and the saturated hydrocarbon content was mass fractions about 92. 26%, the colour code was 2.5, the color code of the regenerated base oil obtained only by the hydrotreating process alone not reached the standard・ Adding 10% clay and stirring at 140 °C for 1.5 h, the viscosity index of regenerated base oil was 125, and the saturated hydrocarbon content was mass fractions about 95%, the colour code was 0・ 3, the quality of the regenerated base oil reached the standard of the base oil VHVI5. The coloring substances in HO are mainly ketones and aldehydes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spent catalysts from the hydrofining process are hazardous wastes, while their appropriate utilization can also bring enormous environmental and economic benefits. Herein, a chemical resurrection method was developed to resurrect and recycle the industrial spent NiMo/Al 2 O 3 hydrofining catalyst. The spent catalysts are calcined to remove the carbon deposit followed by the treatment with citric acid (CA) and ethylene glycol (EG). The results show that the calcination can also accelerate the aggregation and inerting of the active phase. However, the redispersion and reactivation of the inactive phases over the spent catalysts are realized through formation of metal complex with the citric acid, which weaken the interaction between Mo species and support. It increases reducibility of the Mo species and then improve the sulfurization degree of the resurrected catalyst. Besides, the average length of MoS 2 is reduced while the stacking number is increased. The ethylene glycol further regulates the reducibility of Ni and Mo species to promote the formation of NiMoS phase with high activity instead of Ni 3 S 2. Consequently, the average length of the MoS 2 is reduced while the average stacking number of MoS 2 and content of the NiMoS phase are increased over the resurrected catalyst compared with the spent catalyst. It recovers the hydrodesulfurization activity of the resurrected catalyst to a level higher than that over the spent and industrially regenerated catalyst. [Display omitted] • A chemical resurrection method is developed to resurrect the industrial spent hydrofining catalyst. • The role of citric acid and ethylene glycol in the chemical resurrection of spent catalyst was disclosed. • The hydrodesulfurization activity of the spent catalyst is recovered to a level higher than that of the regenerated catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Synthetic Fiber Industry is the property of Sinopec Baling Petrochemical Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The growth of domestic jet fuel demand promotes the enhancement of jet fuel hydrogenation capacity of refineries. In 2015, SINOPEC Anqing Petrochemical Company transformed the catalytic gasoline hydrogenation unit into jet fuel hydrogenation unit, using the original FGH-21/FGH-31 catalyst to produce refined jet fuel products meeting the technical requirements of No.3 jet fuel. At the end of 2019, the capacity expansion project was implemented, the production capacity of jet fuel hydrogenation unit was increased from 0.4 MM TPY to 0.8 MM TPY, and the catalyst was replaced by FH-40A catalyst. The results of industrial operation show that under the conditions of 2.9 MPa reaction pressure, hydrogen to oil ratio no less than 80 and reaction temperature about 270 °C, the modified jet fuel hydrogenation unit can produce qualified No. 3 jet fuel stably, achieving the goal of improving the product structure and increasing the economic benefits of the enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation and mathematical modeling of the performance of a diesel fuel stabilizing rectification column were carried out. An analysis of the calculation results showed that the liquid phase may fall onto the valve trays of the stripping section of the column, upon which hydrogen sulfide may get into the desired product. High-quality diesel fuel can be obtained without feeding steam (stripping agent) into the column by calculated blocking of a part of the trapezoid valves on the trays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The light cycle oil (LCO) produced after the secondary cracking is rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which is challenging to be used as a blending component of automotive diesel fuel even after hydrofining. To improve the added value of LCO, a combined process of hydrofining, fractionating, and solvent extraction was proposed. The process first hydrotreated LCO to saturate the bi- and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Then the generated hydrogenated LCO was cut into the light fraction, which was used as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) feedstock, and heavy fraction, which was used to produce diesel fuel and chemical raw materials by solvent extraction. The process combines the conventional devices in the refinery and is an effective technology for processing and utilizing LCO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrofining of semicoking coal tar from the Shubarkul deposit (Republic of Kazakhstan) in the presence of nanoheterogeneous molybdenum sulfide catalyst systems (Mo content, 0.025–0.12%) was studied in order to intensify processing technology. The catalysts were in situ prepared in the coal tar with the addition of a sulfidizing agent—elemental sulfur in an amount of 0.03 –0.09 wt % on a raw material basis. It was found that the effective Mo content of the catalyst was 0.025%, and the amount of sulfur was 0.03%, which made it possible to obtain a maximum yield of total liquid products (76.8%), which mainly contained diesel fuel fractions, at 5 MPa and 400°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of prolific chemical raw materials, the flexible dual-riser fluid catalytic cracking (FDFCC) was put forward to increase the yield of light aromatics, in which hydrofining light cycle oil (HLCO) was processed in the second riser under high temperature. The process not only meets the increasing demand for aromatics, but also solves the problem of high aromatics content (more than 50 wt%) of FCC gasoline, which is difficult to meet increasingly stringent gasoline standards. The results of the pilot experiment showed that the optimization reaction temperature of the secondary riser of the FDFCC unit was 575 °C, and the content of aromatics in cracked gasoline reached 78 wt% or more. It should be noted that light cycle oil (LCO) should be subjected to deep hydrogenation from the perspective of increasing aromatics production. • The flexible dual-riser fluid catalytic cracking (FDFCC) is flexibility and multi-efficiency. • The process employs a catalytic cracking unit equipped with two riser reactors. • The main riser reactor is similar to the conventional catalytic cracking riser reactor. • Under higher reaction temperature, the second riser of FDFCC unit processes HLCO. • Light aromatics were obtained from cracked gasoline by Hydrogenation-Fractionation and Extractive combination process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogenation process of coal distillates with bp 180–360°C in the presence of Mo- and Co-containing catalysts supported on the surface of skeletal nickel (Raney Ni) was studied. It was established that, in the presence of a catalyst containing 5% Mo/Ni-Re + 7% Co/Ni-Re at a pressure of 10 MPa, a temperature of 400°C, and a feed space velocity of 1.0 h–1, phenols and nitrogen bases were completely removed; sulfur and unsaturated compounds were hydrogenated by 95.4 and 94.7%, respectively; and aromatic hydrocarbons were hydrogenated by 69.7%. The hydrofined distillate fractions with bp 180–360°C meet the requirements of GOST [State Standard] R 52368-2005 (Russia) and the EN 590-2004 EU standard for low-sulfur diesel fuel in terms of their physicochemical and operational properties, and hydrotreated gasoline can be used as a component of low-octane gasoline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of NiMo/AkO3 catalysts with Mo loadings of 5%-20% were prepared by direct reduction of the corresponding molybdenum phosphate precursors. The usability of catalyst for pyrolytic oil hydrorefining was tested at the following parameters: temperature (290-350°C), LHSV (0.5-2.0 h-1) and 3-6 MPa pressure. The 15% of Mo loading catalyst was most active, the conversion of pyridine, thiophene and cyclehexene could reach 99.18%, 98.75% and 100% respectively. The preparation method that y-Al2O3 was added in at the same time is better than other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfide catalysts PAF-FC-1–NiWS and PAF-FC-1–NiMoS synthesized by the decomposition of the [N(n-Bu)4]2[Ni(MeS4)2] (Me = Mo/W) thiosalt in pores of the PAF-FC-1 mesoporous aromatic framework and a PAF-FC-1–Mo catalyst synthesized by the immobilization of molybdenum carbonyl have been tested in the hydrotreating of middle petroleum fractions of various compositions in a batch reactor at 380°C and a hydrogen pressure of 5.0 MPa. Reaction products have been analyzed by the simulated distillation methods using gas chromatography and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. It has been found that the initial composition of the fractions does not affect either the fractional composition of the products or the sulfur content after hydrotreating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to develop new promoters of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst to increase iso-paraffin yield and avoid the decrease of research octane number (RON) caused by olefin saturation in gasoline hydrofining. SAPO-11 and LaAPO-11 molecular sieves were used as promoters to FCC catalyst to increase gasoline RON and were tested in the cracking reaction of n-dodecane on FCC conditions. LaAPO-11 molecular sieve has less and weaker acidity than SAPO-11 molecular sieve. LaAPO-11’s metallic sites polarize the C H bonds to form carbenium ions for isomerization reaction and weak acid sites make less contributions to the cracking of iso-paraffin. LaAPO-11 promoter increases the yield of iso-paraffin (C 5-9 ) from 6.4% to 10.2%. Besides that, a high yield of arene (2.0%) is caused by the dehydrogenation activity of LaAPO-11 promoter. The new contributions of this paper are the synthesis of a hydrothermal stable LaAPO-11 molecular sieve with isomerization activity and proposing the reaction routes of iso-paraffin. These new contributions are important for developing more effective RON promoters of FCC catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of studies on the determination of the effect of ozonization on the hydrofining of coal tar from the coal of the Shubarkol deposit are reported. It was established that preliminary ozonization for 60 min makes it possible to increase the total yield of liquid products by 44.8% in the subsequent catalytic hydrogenation conversion of tar (5 MPa, 450°C, and a pseudo-homogeneous Mo-containing catalyst) and to increase the yield of a fraction with boiling points to 180°C by 17.7%, as compared with their concentrations in the parent tar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fractional distillation of crude shale oil was carried out for the removal of low-boiling components, and the yield of this fraction was 28 wt %. The catalytic removal of sulfur-containing compounds on a DN-200 commercial catalyst was performed. The degree of removal of sulfur compounds from crude shale oil was 94%. It was found that the shale oil after catalytic refinement satisfied the GOST [State Standard] requirements imposed on the concentration of sulfur compounds, and it can be used for the production of shale oil coke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using CNOOC SZ36-1 vacuum cut three as raw material, the laboratory study of producing high aromatic rubber plasticizer by the two stage furfural extractions process and combined process of two stage furfural extractions and high pressure hydrofining was developed. The results showed that the combined process could produce the rubber plasticizer, whose CA value was more than 25%. The yield of rubber plasticizer whose CA value was over 21% accounted for over 43% of the vacuum third line distillate. The properties met the A1820 indexes of national standard GB/T 33322-2016 Rubber Plasticizer-aromatic Base Mineral Oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degree of hydrogenation of various classes of aromatic and olefin hydrocarbons in the cat cracking light gas oil hydrofining process in the presence of Al-Co-Mo and Al-Ni-W catalysts is studied. The Al-Ni-W catalyst exhibits much greater hydrogenation activity with respect to aromatic hydrocarbons than the Al-Co-Mo catalyst. However, the Al-Co-Mo catalyst exhibits much greater hydrogenation activity with respect to olefin hydrocarbons than the Al-Ni-W catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercial cobalt-molybdenum catalyst after use for two years for diesel fraction hydrofining was oxidatively regenerated and activated with organic acids (citric and thioglycolic), ethylene glycol, and combined solution. It is shown that the main reasons for the loss of activity of the studied catalyst during its use are coke deposition on the catalyst surface and change in the properties of the applied active phase, which intensify in the oxidative regeneration process. Treatment of the oxidatively regenerated catalyst with solution of the studied reagents can fully restore the activity in the reaction of hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene, and in the case where combined citric acid and ethylene glycol solution is used the observed hydrodesulfurization reaction rate constant exceeds the value obtained on fresh catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model of the dynamics of chemical-engineering processes occurring in a stationary catalyst layer is proposed using industrial hydrofining of motor fuels as an example. The influence of the boundary layer between the gas and liquid phases of disperse filtration flow is considered by means of empirical approximating formulas. Results of a computational experiment using the aforementioned model comprising a system of differential equations in partial derivatives are presented and demonstrate the efficiency of artificially generated oscillatory control modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic sulfide hydrodearomatization-hydrodesulfurization catalysts based on mesoporous organic supports made of phenol-formaldehyde resins (MPF) and porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) have been synthesized. The catalysts exhibit high activity in the hydroconversion of light cycle oil: the sulfur content decreases from 3500 to 390 ppm within 8 h of reaction at a hydrogen pressure of 5 MPa and a temperature of 380°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feasibility of producing high-quality acicular coke from heavy Yarega oil is studied. A scheme that involves deasphalting, hydrofining, delayed coking, demetallation, and thermal degradation or gasification is proposed for processing this oil. Also studied are the physicochemical properties and group hydrocarbon composition of the oil and the obtained heavy resid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity and selectivity of bimetallic Ni-Mo sulfide catalysts based on mesoporous aluminosilicate (Al-HMS) with a Si/Al ratio of 5 in shale oil hydrocracking were investigated in a fixed-bed catalytic reactor. The temperature dependences of the activity and selectivity of NiS-MoS/Al-HMS (Si/Al = 5) were studied. It was shown that this catalyst in the temperature range 330-400°C at an H pressure of 5 MPa converted the shale oil heavy fraction into fuel fractions with high selectivity for the middle distillate and reduced by 78% the sulfur content in the liquid hydrocracking products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of long holds (500 - 10,000 h) at a temperature of 450 - 750°C on the structure and properties of steel 08Kh18N10T used for furnace coil pipes in devices for hydrofining of diesel fuel is studied. Metallographic (light and electron microscopy) and x-ray diffraction analyses are performed; mechanical properties of the steel are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feasibility of incorporating synthetic oil produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process from synthesis gas of a wood-biomass gasification process into the production of class K5 alternative low-pour-point fuels by processing in a blend with straight-run diesel distillate employing a two-stage scheme (first stage, hydrofining in the presence of conventional hydrofining catalyst Co-Mo/AlO; second, hydroisodewaxing) is investigated. It is shown that a nickel-molybdenum-containing hydroisodewaxing catalyst based on a binary mixture of zeolites (high-silica low-alkali zeolite TsVN of pentasil structure and mordenite) enables the production of diesel fuel for Arctic conditions (limit filterability temperature -45°C) and aviation kerosene with an initial crystallization temperature of -63°C. A mixture of boron and lanthanum oxides was used as the promoter; a mixture of amorphous aluminum silicate and γ-alumina, as the binder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity and selectivity of a bimetallic Ni-Mo sulfide catalyst based on mesoporous aluminosilicate Al-HMS with Si/Al ratio of 10 in the vacuum gas oil hydrocracking process in a reactor with a fixed catalyst bed was studied. The dependence of the activity and selectivity of the NiS-MoS/Al-HMS (Si/Al = 10) catalyst on the process parameters (temperature, hydrogen pressure, volume stock feed rate, etc.) was investigated. It was shown that in the 380-450°C range at 5 MPa hydrogen pressure the catalyst ensures conversion of the heavy part of the hydrocarbon stock into fuel fractions with high selectivity in the middle distillates and makes it possible to reduce the sulfur content of the liquid hydrocracking products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of co-hydrofining of pyrolysis products and Fischer-Tropsch synthetic crude with petroleum diesel distillate at a pressure of 5-8 MPa and 330-370°C in the presence of a conventional CoMo-AlO hydrotreating catalyst has been studied, and the trends in the behavior of the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting products have been revealed. The feasibility of manufacturing class K5 diesel fuel containing the alternative components in amounts of 20 and 30 vol % by involving the pyrolysis products and synthetic crude, respectively, in the process has been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed and summarized the optimized long-term performance of the FH-98 catalyst under variable working conditions in the 450 kt/a gasoline hydrogenation unit of PetroChina Karamay Petrochemical Co., Ltd. By comparing with similar industrial catalysts, the outstanding durability and versatility of the FH-98 catalyst were demonstrated. It expanded the application scope of FH-98 catalyst for coking gasoline hydrofining unit and has referenced significantly to similar units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogenation of naphthalene, toluene, and 2-methylnaphthalene used as model compounds; the hydrodearomatization of the methylnaphthalene fraction; and the hydrocracking of oil sludge over Ni-W sulfide catalysts supported on BEA/TUD, BEA/SBA-15, and ZSM-5/SBA-15 composites containing SBA-15 and TUD mesoporous silicates have been studied. Catalytic tests have been conducted in an autoclave at 300-400°C and an initial hydrogen pressure of 50-90 atm. It has been found that the highest activity is exhibited by the catalyst based on the ZSM-5/SBA-15 (1) composite prepared by the double-templating synthesis and characterized by a specific surface area of 400 m/g and an acidity of 409 μmol/g. Thus, in the case of dearomatization of the methylnaphthalene fraction at 300°C and an H pressure of 50 atm, the content of diaromatic compounds has decreased from 99.0 to 53.4%, while the amount of sulfur compounds has decreased almost 15-fold. The hydrocracking of oil sludge over NiW/ZSM-5/SBA-15 (2) at 400°C and an H pressure of 90 atm has led to an increase in the content of light fractions to 52%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel-tungsten sulfide catalysts for the hydrogenation and hydrodesulfurization of aromatic hydrocarbons are synthesized by the in situ decomposition of thio salts using different methods: the in situ decomposition of a [BMPip]Ni(WS) precursor in an ionic liquid, the in situ decomposition of a [BMPip]Ni(WS) precursor in a hydrocarbon feedstock, the in situ breaking of a SPAN-80 surfactant-stabilized suspension of solid Ni/(NH)WS precursor particles in a hydrocarbon feedstock, and the decomposition of oil-soluble precursors (tungsten hexacarbonyl and nickel(II) 2-ethylhexanoate) in a hydrocarbon feedstock. The resulting catalysts are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy; their catalytic activity is studied in a batch reactor using the example of the hydrofining of light cycle oils with different compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, shale oil hydrogenation was upgraded in a two fixed-bed reactors to maximize light fraction with ultra-low sulfur and nitrogen. Three types of catalyst grading for shale oil hydroprotection, hydrofining, and hydrocracking were investigated to evaluate the hydrogenation performance. A lumping kinetic model of hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrification, and hydrocracking based on catalysts grading was established for the first time. Model parameters were determined using the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm. Results revealed that the model could accurately predict the removal rations of sulfur, nitrogen, and desired product yields in shale oil hydrogenation under different catalyst grading. Thus, the model can be used for optimization of catalyst stacking to meet the requirements of hydrogenation products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper are presented research results, made by the authors, in order to identify specific corrosion phenomena of the pressure equipment of the hydrofining units and the intensity of these phenomena depending on the composition environments. Analysing the structure and the morphology of the deposits on the samples of steel tested in the watery condense from the high pressure vessel, the most corrosion products are of oxihydroxide type and damaged iron sulphide emphasised especially by the Mössbauer microscopy. Between the corrosion products that are also very well crystallised stages under the form of oxides type magnetite but that are not preponderant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using programming support environment FreePascal and FreeBasic, the program providing to calculate values of efficient rate constants for hydrogenation reactions of benz- and dibenzothiophenes in the process of diesel fuel hydrofining, is developed. The basis of the developed algorithm of solving reverse kinetic problem is the method of optimization by scanning the permissible scan area, which let it possible to make calculations with inaccuracy not exceeding 0.007%. By using the developed program, is conducted the calculation of velocity constants and activation energy of transforming individual sulphur compounds on the basis of laboratory stand experimental data, obtained under different conditions. The program can be implemented in oil and gas industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of palladium and ruthenium admixtures on the activity of an industrial NiW sulfide catalyst has been studied. It has been shown that Pd and Ru can increase the activity of the industrial catalyst in the hydrodesulfurization reaction of cycle oil by 8.0 and 2.8%, respectively. Under the experimental conditions, the hydrodearomatization of hydrocarbons composed of two or more rings results in the formation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons. The conversion of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the temperature range of 260-300°C is 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distribution of sulfur compounds in catalytically cracked (CC) light (IBP-130 °C) and heavy (130°-EP) gasoline fractions is studied, and separate hydrofining of these fractions on GKD-205 and S-12 catalysts is performed. Hydrofining of catalytically cracked light gasoline fractions is conducted at low temperature (70-100 °C) and pressure (0.5-1 MPa) to minimize the drop in octane number (ON). Under these conditions, the degree of hydrogenolysis of the total and mercaptan sulfur comprises 72.7 and 93 %, respectively, and the degree of hydrogenation of olefins is 9.2 %. When equal proportions of light and heavily catalytically cracked gasoline fractions are blended, and the blend obtained is added to commercial gasoline in the amount of 45-50 %, the total sulfur content in the latter falls from 200 (without hydrofining of the CC gasoline) to 30 ppm. The ON loss is no more than 0.5 point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is dedicated to application of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technology for production of highly effective diesel-fuel hydrofining catalysts. Because of the peculiarities of the structure of the active components formed at high temperatures, these catalysts can be used both without supports and in a blend with conventionally formed catalysts on supports. The synthesized catalysts are several times more effective than conventional GO-70 catalysts, and maintain the residual sulfur content at the 30-35 ppm level. It is shown that a maximally optimal nanostructured system distinguished by a highly developed surface, and, consequently, maximum number of active catalysis centers is formed in the catalyst-synthesis process in a thermocentrifuge at an excess load of 80 g. This ensures maximum desulfurization of the feedstock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of nitrogen bases of vacuum gas oil and hydrogenation products obtained at 360 and 380°C is studied. The nitrogen bases of the initial distillate are represented by nitrogen and nitrosulfur compounds, the major part of which consists of benzoquinolines and thiophenoquinolines. The characteristic features of the nitrogen bases of the hydrogenation products are absence of nitrogen- and sulfur-bearing structures, increased content of poorly substituted quinolines, appearance of mononaphthenopyridines and mononaphthenoquinolines, and reduced benzoquinoline content. Elevation of vacuum gas oil hydrofining temperature from 360 to 380°C causes increased yield of concentrate of extractable nitrogen bases. The qualitative composition of the extracted bases remains unchanged in this case, and the differences occur only in the relative content of various types of compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to product the low content of sulfur, nitrogen and the good stability dean fuel oil component, the experiment of hydrogenation of medium-temperature coal tar was studied based on the hydrocarbon composition of medium low-temperature coal tar similar to that of natural oil. Using medium and low temperature coal tar hydrocarbon composition similar to natural oil characteristics, coal tar hydrogenation experiment research was carried out in order to produce low sulfur, nitrogen content and good stability, clean fuel oil components. With a hydrofining test, medium temperature coal tar fraction below 500 °C produced clean fuel on the small hydrogenation reaction apparatus. The study focused on the reaction temperature, pressure and liquid volume space velocity on the hydrotreating effect that obtained the optimal condition. And then the product oil was distilled to obtain naphtha(<160 °C),diesel oli (160-330 °C) and tail oil (>330 °c). And the naphtha and diesel oil fractions respectively accounts for 15. 16% and 60. 38% of the total volume. Tail oil fraction is a good hydrocracking raw materials, and increases cracking section in the device and constituted hydrocracking-hydrofining antitone series process. Coal tar could transform totally, and the naphtha and diesel oil fractions accounte for 23. 17% and 72. 41%. and their group composition and sulfur, nitrogen content were analyzed. The results indicate that the produced oil can achieve clean fuel oil standards totally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces basic situation and energy use of 120X104 t/a diesel hydrofining unit in Yangzi Petrochemical Refinery. According to the characteristics of the unit, a series of energy saving measures have been put forward on the new hydrogen compressors, heating furnaces and pumps, which not only solve the problems of these equipments in the production process, but also greatly reduce the unit energy consumption. The energy consumption of the unit decreases from 18.42 kgEO/t at the start to 11.63 kgEO/t in 2011. To further reduce the energy consumption of the unit, hydraulic turbine will be added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total and mercaptan sulfur contents in gasoline fractions of crude oils of various compositions and their blends with gas condensates are analyzed. An analysis has been made of the distribution of low-molecular mercaptans in close-cut gasoline fractions. Recommendations are offered for optimization of the fractional composition of the feedstock of the hydrofining unit of the reforming plant [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is dedicated to proper selection and optimization of the composition of leaching agents and the conditions of the process of excess aluminum removal from intermetallic alloys for producing highly efficient diesel oil hydrodesulfurization nanocatalysts. The intermetallic alloys were synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modified industrial alumina-nickel-molybdenum catalysts manufactured by OOO NZK have been tested in the mode of hydrotreating of heavy vacuum gas oil on a pilot plant of OAO Middle Volga Research Institute of Oil Refining (OAO SvNIINP). A change in hydrocarbon-type and structural-group composition of gas oils during the hydrogen treatment process has been considered. It has been found that hydrotreating on the GR-24M, NKYu-300, and NKYu-330 catalysts under the examined conditions (340-400°C, 4.0 MPa, 0.5-1 h, hydrogen: feedstock ratio of 500-800: 1 Nm/m) leads to a reduction in sulfur, nitrogen, and metal contents of the gas oil and to saturation of polyaromatic compounds with hydrogen, thereby facilitating the further destruction of the feedstock in a catalytic cracker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]