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The article is devoted to the issues of transport statutes as sources of transport law of Ukraine, their validity and ability to effectively regulate social relations in the field of railway, road, and inland water transport, taking into account the changes that have occurred in social, political and socio-economic life over the past time on the restoration of Ukraine’s independence in 1991. The author analyzes the formal preservation of the validity of the relevant legislative acts of the Soviet era, taking into account the normative legal acts adopted in 1991 on a legal succession of Ukraine. The author emphasizes that from a formal and legal point of view, the transport statutes of the Soviet era remain valid, however, due to the contradiction of a significant part of their norms with the legislation adopted later, these normative legal acts are increasingly losing their legal influence on social legal relations and are subject to the action of such a phenomenon as “forgetting the rules of law”. At the same time, it was noted that proposals to abandon transport statutes in favor of a cumbersome codification of transport law norms (by raising the norms of statutes to the level of law) are irrational since an overly detailed Transport Code of Ukraine or codes of laws in the fields of road, rail or inland water transport will not be simple in use and will not meet the technical and legal requirements to the law. As a result, the author concludes that transport statutes in general are necessary regulatory legal acts. Still, their current editions are to a large extent morally outdated and such that they urgently need a radical revision to bring them into line with the changed norms of the legislation of Ukraine and take into account the need for adaptation of the national legal system to the law of the European Union. Thus, the application of their current editions in practical activities should be carried out after a thorough legal examination for the relevance of certain provisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Exam exam on maritime law and law of the sea: Highway to Hell: Coastal fires out of control" deals with a case in which a fire breaks out on a transport ship carrying electric cars. Maritime law and law of the sea questions are addressed, in particular the liability for value replacement and the right of innocent passage in the coastal sea. The companies involved are Motzdo-AG, Wolfo-AG, Gapag-Floyd GmbH, and B-GmbH. It is discussed whether claims for value replacement and salvage claims exist. The proposed solutions are based on German law. [Extracted from the article]

The book review in Social Semiotics discusses Daniel E. Agbiboa's work, "They Eat Our Sweat," which delves into corruption, language, and everyday survival in urban Nigeria. Agbiboa challenges the simplistic view of corruption as the misuse of public power for private gain, instead exploring it as a multi-faceted phenomenon deeply embedded in everyday life and sociocultural relations. The book offers insights into corruption in Africa through a linguistic anthropological perspective, focusing on the popular semiology of corruption in Lagos and the informal transport sector. Agbiboa's research sheds light on the complex interactions between formal and informal actors and processes, providing valuable insights for researchers interested in corruption, informal governance, urban theory, and semiotics. [Extracted from the article]

Road accidents involving pedestrians are frequent at urban signalised intersections predominantly due to unsafe pedestrian crossings. A good proportion of these accidents are occurring at T-intersection. This study aims at analysing pedestrian crossing behaviour at signalised T-intersections. Data is collected from five signalised T-intersections in Delhi, India, by using video recordings and a perception based questionnaire survey. Data is analysed using Chi-square, student t-test and Kendall's W hypothesis testing techniques. Significant variables are used to develop binary and ordinal logistic regression models. Results show that only a small percentage of pedestrians are abiding by the law to cross the road. Further a host of significant variables such as pedestrian demographics, trip purpose and state of the journey are significantly affecting crossing behaviour. The findings would be useful to improve pedestrians' safety and enrich the knowledge of pedestrian crossing behaviour at signalised T-intersections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) affects movement coordination, but little is known about how the condition impacts the behaviours of car drivers and pedestrians. Aims: This study examined the self-reported driving and pedestrian behaviours of adults with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Methods and procedures: One hundred and twenty-eight participants (62 adults with DCD vs. 66 TD adults) responded to an online survey asking them about their perceptions of confidence and self-reported driving and pedestrian behaviours in the real-world. Outcomes and results: Results suggested that adults with DCD felt less confident and reported more lapses in attention (e.g., forgetting where their car was parked) and errors (e.g., failing to check their mirrors prior to a manoeuvre) when driving compared to typically developed (TD) adults. Adults with DCD also reported feeling less confident and reported less adherence to road traffic laws (e.g., not waiting for a green crossing signal before crossing the road) when walking as pedestrians. Conclusions and implications: These results offer some much-needed insight into the behaviours of those with DCD outside of the laboratory environment and underline the need for research investigating the driving and pedestrian behaviours of individuals with DCD in 'real-world' contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a list of various academic articles and studies conducted by different authors on a range of topics. The topics covered include AI-induced anxiety in mobile payment services, big data analytics and AI in green supply chain integration, the impact of paid advertising campaigns on business profitability, justice of compensation for road opening in Jordanian law, the impact of financial ratios on bank profitability, competitive intelligence dimensions in the travel agency industry, the impact of computer-assisted auditing techniques, the effect of macroprudential regulation on bank profitability, the impact of green process innovation and productivity on sustainability, mobile marketing strategies for enhanced consumer engagement, the relationship between mobile marketing and customer perceptions in Jordanian banks, technology improvement in sustainable development goals, the effect of organizational structure on employee creativity, the impact of activity ratios on earnings, the role of environmental regulation and green human capital in sustainable development, corporate environmental management responsibility and firm performance, strategic management challenges through topic modeling, the impact of the Blue Ocean Strategy on competitive advantage, the role of corporate environmental management responsibility on firm performance, and the adoption of contemporary management accounting practices in the public industry. [Extracted from the article]

This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) scheme based on linear parameter variation to enhance the damping control of speed-dependent active suspensions. The controller is developed by introducing a speed-dependent term, specifically front- and rear-wheel time delays, to the half-car model using the Padé approximation. Subsequently, the model is augmented with time-varying parameter dependence. An adaptive Kalman filter based on variance matching is employed to estimate system states affected by imprecise sensor measurement noise. Finally, a set of explicit control laws incorporating road preview information and available vehicle speed are determined offline using multi-parameter linear programming (mp-LP), simplifying online implementation to searching for optimal solutions in a lookup table. Simulation results demonstrate a significant improvement in active suspension control under changing vehicle speeds compared to passive control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the problem of excessive traffic concentration at signalized pedestrian crossings. The main drawback of such crossings is the inappropriate duration of green signals for vehicles. Too long green times for vehicular traffic significantly increase time lost by pedestrians, while too short ones cause short-term congestion, resulting in long queues of vehicles and a deteriorated level of service. The negative effects of both of these situations also include dangerous behavior of road users, such as red light running or crossing. Recent (June 2021) changes in the road traffic law in Poland have privileged unprotected road users at pedestrian crossings. New models and technical and design standards proposed in this country (March 2021) recommend the installation of pedestrian priority crossings at particularly dangerous spots and in urban areas with a high proportion of pedestrian traffic. All this is done mainly for traffic-calming purposes. However, previously these measures were not a common practice in Poland. Therefore, the objective of this article was to develop a simple method of green signal timing, ensuring, firstly, priority to pedestrian traffic at such places, and, secondly, sustained capacity of vehicular traffic lanes. The developed models are practical, universal and easy to adapt in other countries. They ensure a very good or good quality of vehicle traffic service, with average lost time not exceeding 25 s in a vast majority of analyzed traffic level cases. The article also describes a traffic control algorithm dependent on traffic detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on analysis of legal framework of trucking Industry and contemporary challenges in Pakistan. It discusses the road safety laws and relevant legal framework in Pakistan along with truck companies and their liability. As Trucking industry is central to country's development, the objective is to analyze it from legal perspective. Contemporary Challenges for Trucking Industry in Pakistan includes: Improper Maintenance and Fitness Certification of Trucks, externalities, long working hours of drivers, overloading, and implementation of laws. It concludes and recommends that Pakistan should further improve trucking industry. The methodology for this paper is qualitative and an analytical method is followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radius of road curvature and the information of preceding vehicles have a significant influence on traffic flow in the vehicle-infrastructure cooperation environment. However, the existing car-following model is subjective in considering the type of preceding vehicles' information, and does not comprehensively consider the synergistic effect of road curvature radius and preceding vehicles' information. Therefore, in this study, an intelligent driver model for curved roads considering multi-preceding vehicles' information is established in the vehicle-infrastructure cooperation environment. Then, using the Lyapunov method to analyze the stability of the extended model, the linear stability condition is obtained, and the influence law of radius of road curvature and weight coefficient of the preceding vehicle on traffic flow is mastered. Finally, the theoretical analysis of the model is verified by numerical simulation experiments. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis, and both show that the stability of traffic flow increases with the increase of radius of road curvature and weight coefficient of the preceding vehicle. This shows that the extended model can not only accurately describe the car-following behavior of vehicles on a curved road in the vehicleinfrastructure cooperation environment but also stabilize the traffic flow and suppress traffic jams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the characteristics of wind-blown sand in the hinterland of the Tengger Desert and the regularity of sand deposition in road cutting are studied by combining a field test and numerical simulation. Firstly, the meteorological observation system is used to obtain the long-term monitoring of the Tengger Desert hinterland, and the perennial wind speed, wind direction, and strong wind period are obtained. Then, a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and stepwise sand accumulation instrument are used to measure the transient wind-blown sand velocity and density at the top of the cutting slope, which provide the basis and verification for the numerical simulation. Finally, Fluent software (2020R2) is used to establish two numerical models with and without grading. Based on Euler's two-fluid theory and fluctuating-wind user-defined functions, the movement of wind-blown sand in the cutting section of the desert hinterland is simulated, and the regularity of sand accumulation in the cutting section is obtained. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The strong wind period in the hinterland of the Tengger Desert in 2021 mainly occurs from April to August, and the mainstream wind direction is concentrated in the WSW and SW directions. (2) The sand in the hinterland of the Tengger Desert is mainly medium–fine, and the particle size range is mainly concentrated at 0.075–0.250 mm, accounting for 98.2% of the total sand; the curve of the wind-blown sand density with height is oblique and L-shaped. (3) The method of grading excavation is beneficial to reduce the sand accumulation rate on the road's surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitchell's philosophical contributions are part of an ongoing conversation among philosophers and scientists about laws and unification in biology, going back at least to Darwin. This article situates Mitchell in this conversation, explains why and how she has correctly guided us away from false idols, and engages several difficult questions she leaves open. I argue that there are different epistemic roles laws (or models describing lawlike regularities) play in biological inquiry. First, they play the role of "how possibly" explanations, akin to Herschel's characterization of Whewell's "a priori Pegasus," and second, they provide descriptions of empirical regularities, akin to the "plain matter of fact roadster." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of liner type denture adhesives containing ethyl alcohol (EtOH) may result in the person being considered a drunk driver, which is a social problem. This study measured the amount of EtOH loss from the materials and its effect on breath alcohol concentration (BrAC). The amount of EtOH loss of three liner type denture adhesives was measured using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Five specimens were measured for each material. The BrAC of ten participants who wore the palatal plate lined with the material having the highest amount of EtOH elution was also determined using an alcohol detector every 5 min for 60 min. The threshold for drunk driving was a BrAC of 0.15 mg/L or more. Significant differences were found in the amount of EtOH elution among the three materials. For all materials, the elution amount from the start of immersion to 30 min was significantly larger than that of the following 30 min (P < 0.05). BrAC values of the participants reached their maxima 5 min after insertion of the materials, and 80% of participants surpassed the threshold for drunk driving. However, no participants reached the threshold for drunk driving after 50 min. The results suggest that a determination of drunk drinking will not be made when 1 h or more has passed after insertion of a denture lined with a liner type denture adhesive into the mouth, though a determination of drunk driving may exist due to EtOH from the materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the idea of autonomous vehicles has been enthusiastically embraced by scientists and commercial markets alike, ranging from solving the last mile problem across shared economy models in various segments to human transportation logistics, more than just a few aspects require further development before driverless urban logistics can be organized more thoroughly and meaningfully for our practical purposes. Before fully autonomous vehicles become standard, many of these shortcomings can be addressed (in part) by the remote operation of vehicles. Besides the various technological challenges, remote operation of vehicles also has many important legal and economic implications, impacting a wide area, including data protection, liability for torts performed, and mundane fields such as road traffic law. Based on a case study of a start-up developing remote operation solutions in Germany (Vay), this paper analyses and further develops the regulatory framework of remote operation solutions by highlighting their legal and economic implications. Since remote operation solutions are comprised of cyber-physical systems, this research is located in the context of Smart Cities and Industry 5.0, i.e., our research contributes to the related regulatory framework of the Smart City concept as well as to Industry 5.0 in international terms. Finally, the paper discusses future perspectives and proposes specific modes of compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the participatory process related to a new road safety law in Mexico City, highlighting the perception of democratic legitimacy tied to such processes. It argues that participatory tools are often formulaic and used as complementary processes to legitimize decisions already made, pointing out the influence of Mexico's history of simulated democracy on these practices.

Mobile phones accompany us in every area of life and at the same time keep us busy while performing other basic activities such as running, cycling, driving or walking in traffic. The problem of using cell phones while driving is of interest to many scientists around the world. This offense is severely punished in many countries. The problem of using mobile phones in moving vehicles has been largely resolved; however, there is a visible high percentage of pedestrians and cyclists who are used to checking their devices while moving in traffic. The aim of the article is to get acquainted with the issues of using mobile phones by pedestrians when crossing a pedestrian crossing and to escalate the problem. Despite the introduction of a ban on the use of mobile phones when crossing a pedestrian crossing in the Polish law on road traffic, many road users still use phones. The conducted observation shows that at least 2 out of 10 people pass through the pedestrian crossing with a mobile phone in their hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Barosu Dergileri is the property of Ankara Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The need for an evaluation and international comparison of the effectiveness of national road safety management systems (NRSMSs) is growing, since international goals aim to reduce road deaths from decade to decade, which should be achieved at the national level. In addition, an NRSMS evaluation model needs to be as simple as possible to be applicable in all countries of the world. To this end, an NRSMS evaluation model was generated in this study based on Smeed's Law, which used population, vehicles, and road deaths and applied the definite integral to the following hypothesis: The effectiveness of an NRSMS is equal to the difference between the adjusted Smeed's Law assessment of road safety and the current road safety condition achieved by implementing the NRSMS. Applying this model to Montenegro and Great Britain, it was found that Smeed's Law could be used to assess the effectiveness of NRSMSs with respect to the turning point from an increasing to a decreasing number of road deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from the 545 largest European cities, we study whether the expansion of their highway capacity provides a solution to the problem of traffic congestion. Our results confirm that in the long run, and in line with the 'fundamental law of highway congestion', the expansion in cities of lane kilometres causes an increase in vehicle traffic that does not solve urban congestion. We disentangle the increase in traffic due to the increases in coverage and in capacity. We further introduce road pricing and public transit policies in order to test whether they moderate congestion. Our findings confirm that the induced demand is considerably smaller in cities with road pricing schemes, and that congestion decreases with the expansion of public transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of studies on redundancy in law that completely omit the visual element in law and of studies on traffic signs that are laconic about their redundancies, the present study proposes more focused investigation into the redundancies of traffic signs. After presentation of the broader context of existing studies on traffic signs and on redundancy in law, and following a discussion of the direct inspiration for embarking upon research into this topic, the article moves to present and discuss six proposed types of redundancies of signs. Utilizing Franciszek Studnicki's distinction between sign-types and sign-realizations, and given that traffic signs exist in various complicated relationships with each other, with written formulations in legal texts, and with the environments in which they are placed, the study comments on six types of redundancy: (1) sign-type–basic task(s) of road traffic law; (2) of sign-type's elements; (3) sign-type–sign-type; (4) sign-type–legal text; (5) sign-realization–sign-realization; and (6) sign-realization–environment. Analysis of each type is supported through examples, various subdivisions, and additional lines of inquiry. The study has value for both strictly theoretical and more practical enterprises related both to traffic signs themselves and to the wider realm of visualization of norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Públic is the property of Revista Catalana de Dret Public and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polymer grouting materials have been widely used in road repair projects. In order to study the application of polymer grouting materials in repairing the joint cracks and voids of new and old subgrades in the reconstruction and expansion projects of expressways. According to the phenomenon investigation data, ABAQUS finite element software was used to establish a three-dimensional road mechanical response analysis model, and the mechanical response characteristics of the road before and after polymer grouting were systematically analyzed. The research results of the road which was repaired by polymer grouting show that the shear force between the polymer grouting material and the materials on both sides of the old and new subgrades can repair the cracks at the joint and the diseases in the void area of the new subgrade, so as to reduce the displacement and settlement of the road surface. The maximum dynamic stress peak value of the old and new subgrade road surfaces is located at the load action position, and with the increase of the distance from the load action position, the dynamic stress peak value gradually decreases, showing an M-shaped distribution as a whole. The original stress transfer law of the road structure was changed, so that the dynamic stress of the new subgrade is significantly smaller than that of the old subgrade. The critical surface formed between polymer grouting material and subgrade material has a certain shear strength, which reduces the tensile stress and strain between structural layers. It will improve the bearing capacity of the subgrade and at the same time provide a practical reference for the treatment of longitudinal cracks in the reconstruction and expansion of expressway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Chapter 1, Agbiboa establishes an anti-essentialist position in which he calls upon scholars to go beyond lazy and problematic assumption of African culture as inherently backwards and devote attention to explaining cultural mechanisms of corruption. This book provides a valuable ethnographic investigation into the issue of corruption in sub-Saharan Africa; specifically, Agbiboa's research explores key underlying mechanisms of corruption in the transportation sector in Lagos, Nigeria. [Extracted from the article]

The book review discusses "Hong Kong Competition Law: Comparative and Theoretical Perspectives" by Thomas K. Cheng and Kelvin Hiu Fai Kwok. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of Hong Kong's competition law regime, examining its development, decisional practice, and normative questions. It also compares Hong Kong's competition law with policies in the EU, US, UK, Australia, and Singapore. The book highlights the challenges and successes of Hong Kong's competition law, and suggests areas for improvement, such as re-evaluating exclusions, implementing a comprehensive merger clearance regime, and allowing stand-alone private actions. Overall, the book is highly recommended for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers interested in Hong Kong's competition law. [Extracted from the article]

This paper provides conditions that guarantee existence and uniqueness of classical solutions for a non-local conservation law on a ring road with possible nudging (or 'look behind') terms. The obtained conditions are novel, as they are not covered by existing results in the literature. This paper also provides results which indicate that nudging can increase the flow in a ring road and, if properly designed, can have a strong stabilising effect on traffic flow. More specifically, this paper gives results that guarantee local exponential stability of the uniform equilibrium profile in the L 2 state norm even for cases where the uniform equilibrium profile in a ring road without nudging is not asymptotically stable and the model admits density waves. The efficiency of the use of nudging terms is demonstrated by means of a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public land access issues regularly arise across the West because of the unique landscape of federally owned public land, state owned public land, and private property. In Idaho, and other western states, there is a trend of private parties purchasing large landholdings and subsequently closing off roads that have historically been used to access public land. If the roads are public, then blocking access across them is illegal. However, it is not always clear whether a road is public. This comment frames public land access issues around Idaho road law; it also uses a Montana Supreme Court case to explore how the issue pervades the West. Is there a way to ensure that roads remain open and useable by the public despite them crossing private land? There are some avenues that the Idaho Legislature should pursue to ensure that public land remains accessible to the broader community. They should incentivize local governmental agencies to fulfill their legal duties to remove obstructions and encroachments. Private citizens should be given a cause of action to sue those who obstruct public roads. And penalties for illegally closing public roads ought to be increased to discourage private citizens from opting for an "obstruct now--ask questions later" mindset. With proper legislative changes, the public can continue to access their public lands as they have for generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The law regulating overloading of heavy commercial vehicles in UAE has been deactivated within a decade of its enactment in 1986. • Overloading is resulting in road safety concerns with risk of death in a truck collision in the UAE being 62% in comparison to 2.8% in Britain. • Violation trend indicates influence of seasons and material in the UAE. • About 95% of the land transport operators reported their acceptance of the overloading law if reenacted while their major concern was increase in the overall cost of land transport for their company. In March of 1986, the United Arab Emirates established a federal law to regulate heavy commercial vehicle's maximum weight limits, which was deactivated a few years after its implementation. As a result, the overloading rates by land transport operators (LTO) have increased over the years due to the lack of an effective regulatory framework. In the commuting system, an overload is defined as a load that exceeds the legal truckload limit and varies by the truck types specified by the number of axles. The overloaded heavy trucks negatively affect the road infrastructure by placing undue pressure on the road leading to severe damages. This research assesses the impact of overloaded heavy trucks in Abu Dhabi by conducting a trend analysis using Weigh-In-Motion data. Also, the study examines the behavior of these operators towards overloading using survey responses. The study contributes towards preserving the Emirate's road infrastructure and enhancing road user's safety and heavy truck operations. The results reveal 61% of trucks that passed through the weigh-in-motion stations were overloaded, and winter months reported the highest violations. Individual LTOs reported their perceived concerns about implementing the weight limit law and adapting to the law if implemented. A framework of activities is proposed for effective formulation and implementation of the weight limit law for all road user's safety in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• U.S. driver speeding behavior histories can inform new anti-speeding interventions. • Speeding increases with driver confidence, comfort, and perceived skill. • Driving up to 10mph over the speed limit is the norm and considered safe. • Considering the safety of other roadway users and passengers reduces speeding. • Speeding interventions should highlight safety issues and reduced driver control. Speeding is a major cause of unintentional roadway death in the United States. Existing data show that U.S. drivers tend to speed less as they age, but reasons for this change remain largely unknown. Limited research has examined why U.S. drivers decide to speed or why U.S. drivers decide not to speed, and none to date has determined why speeding behaviors change over the life course. Research into these issues can provide insight that may be harnessed for more effective anti-speeding interventions that catalyze decisions not to speed. Methods: The current study asked a national sample of U.S. drivers (N = 309) about their driving behaviors and how they have changed over time using an open-ended prompt in an online survey. The authors qualitatively coded responses using a narrative analysis lens to identify common themes. Results: Results show U.S. drivers often make deliberate choices to speed and some do not consider speeding to be dangerous after achieving perceived mastery of driving skills. Participants tended to report speeding less over time, citing increased concern for family and other roadway users, which may help explain national speeding data trends. Several other themes emerged identifying individual cognitive factors, environmental contexts, and key persons impacting speeding decisions. Practical Applications: Findings show that the most effective means of encouraging U.S. drivers to decide not to speed may be multi-pronged intervention approaches highlighting how speeding reduces roadway driver control, connecting speeding with safety, and encompassing road design and law enforcement strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]