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Text‐based hair design (TBHD) represents an innovative approach that utilizes text instructions for crafting hairstyle and colour, renowned for its flexibility and scalability. However, enhancing TBHD algorithms to improve generation quality and editing accuracy remains a current research difficulty. One important reason is that existing models fall short in alignment and fusion designs. Therefore, we propose a new layered multimodal fusion network called ETBHD‐HMF, which decouples the input image and hair text information into layered hair colour and hairstyle representations. Within this network, the channel enhancement separation (CES) module is proposed to enhance important signals and suppress noise for text representation obtained from CLIP, thus improving generation quality. Based on this, we develop the weighted mapping fusion (WMF) sub‐networks for hair colour and hairstyle. This sub‐network applies the mapper operations to input image and text representations, acquiring joint information. The WMF then selectively merges image representation and joint information from various style layers using weighted operations, ultimately achieving fine‐grained hairstyle designs. Additionally, to enhance editing accuracy and quality, we design a modality alignment loss to refine and optimize the information transmission and integration of the network. The experimental results of applying the network to the CelebA‐HQ dataset demonstrate that our proposed model exhibits superior overall performance in terms of generation quality, visual realism, and editing accuracy. ETBHD‐HMF (27.8 PSNR, 0.864 IDS) outperformed HairCLIP (26.9 PSNR, 0.828 IDS), with a 3% higher PSNR and a 4% higher IDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodResultsConclusions\nKey PointsUntil recently, empirical studies had been limited with respect to investigating factors that influence the onset and maintenance of hair pulling disorder (HPD), particularly regarding the role of dysfunctional cognitions and beliefs. The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationships between symptom severity and belief domains in a sample with hair pulling disorder compared with non-clinical participants, using the Beliefs in Trichotillomania Scale (BiTS); a recently developed measure of relevant negative self-beliefs, coping efficacy beliefs, and perfectionist cognitions.Twenty adults with HPD and 43 age- and gender-matched control participants completed the BiTS and several measures of related constructs.HPD severity was significantly and positively correlated with negative self-beliefs and low coping efficacy, but not perfectionism, even after controlling for anxiety and depressive symptoms. Focussed hair pulling, but not automatic hair pulling, was correlated with each BiTS domain; however, once anxiety and depressive symptoms were controlled for, the significant relationship between focussed hair pulling and perfectionism was no longer apparent. The BiTS psychometric properties demonstrated good internal consistency and differentiated clinical from non-clinical participants, with clinical participants endorsing greater negative self-beliefs, lower coping efficacy, and greater perfectionism compared with control participants.Negative self beliefs, low coping efficacy, and perfectionism have differential relationships with HPD severity and hair pulling styles, variable on the presence of co-occurring anxiety and depressive symptoms. While further support for the BiTS internal consistency was obtained, future examination of divergent validity with a more diverse range of constructs is required.What is already known about this topic: Current cognitive-behavioural interventions for hair pulling disorder are designed to facilitate behaviour change by targeting the habit-formation and emotion-regulation mechanisms that maintain hair pulling behaviours.The Beliefs in Trichotillomania Scale (BiTS) measures three belief domains found to be relevant to hair pulling disorder: negative self beliefs, low coping efficacy, and perfectionism.Some cognitive-behavioural interventions additionally target cognitions and beliefs, however, few studies have investigated the relationships between relevant belief domains and hair pulling disorder severity and styles.Current cognitive-behavioural interventions for hair pulling disorder are designed to facilitate behaviour change by targeting the habit-formation and emotion-regulation mechanisms that maintain hair pulling behaviours.The Beliefs in Trichotillomania Scale (BiTS) measures three belief domains found to be relevant to hair pulling disorder: negative self beliefs, low coping efficacy, and perfectionism.Some cognitive-behavioural interventions additionally target cognitions and beliefs, however, few studies have investigated the relationships between relevant belief domains and hair pulling disorder severity and styles.What this topic adds: Independent of co-occurring anxiety and depressive symptoms, negative self beliefs and low coping efficacy, but not perfectionism, were associated with hair pulling severity.Negative self beliefs, doubts about one’s coping efficacy, and perfectionism were all associated with focussed hair pulling behaviours, but not automatic hair pulling behaviours. However, perfectionism was no longer correlated with focussed hair pulling upon controlling for anxiety and depressive symptoms.Assessment for these domains of dysfunctional beliefs, as part of formulation-driven cognitive-behavioural interventions for hair pulling disorder, is appropriate.Independent of co-occurring anxiety and depressive symptoms, negative self beliefs and low coping efficacy, but not perfectionism, were associated with hair pulling severity.Negative self beliefs, doubts about one’s coping efficacy, and perfectionism were all associated with focussed hair pulling behaviours, but not automatic hair pulling behaviours. However, perfectionism was no longer correlated with focussed hair pulling upon controlling for anxiety and depressive symptoms.Assessment for these domains of dysfunctional beliefs, as part of formulation-driven cognitive-behavioural interventions for hair pulling disorder, is appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the metaverse era, virtual design of hairstyle becomes very popular for personalized aesthetics. As hair design tasks can be decomposed into hair attribute editing and generation, the development of generative adversarial networks (GANs) has significantly prompted its development. The majority of the existing algorithms focus on transferring the overall hair region from one face to another, which ignore fine control over the color and geometric features. Furthermore, these algorithms may result in unnatural generation results. In this paper, we propose a hair modification framework that learns hairstyle information from a reference face mask and color information from a guidance face image. Firstly, the features of the input face image and reference images are extracted through a group of encoders, and then divided into feature vectors of coarse, medium, and fine levels. Secondly, multi-level feature vectors are fused in the latent space using attention-based modulation modules. Finally, the fused feature vector is passed through a StyleGAN generator to generate face images with specified hairstyle and hair color. Experimental results show that the proposed method can finely simulate the hairstyle transition between long and short hair under the constraint of the reference mask, and can produce realistic fusion effects in the hair-covered regions, such as ears, neck, and forehead. Various hair dyeing effects that adapt to personalized characteristics are demonstrated, as facial features including skin color and hair texture are preserved when transferring the hair color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Across the country, black students are policed in schools for their natural hair and protective hairstyles. As a result of this, students who do not conform to their school's grooming policy or dress code may suffer stiff consequences including being suspended or expelled. The most notable federal piece of legislation in response to this issue was introduced in December 2019. The CROWN Act prohibits race-based hair discrimination on the federal level. The bill passed the House but the Senate blocked it in December 2021. Despite this recent development, states and municipalities are enacting the CROWN Act across the country. Over twenty states have versions of the race-based hair discrimination law. Even in states where the CROWN Act is not law, municipalities are enacting their own versions, as well. Nevertheless, these local laws contain a loophole which exempts religious schools from having to adhere to it. This Note argues the loophole grants religious schools the ability to penalize black students for their natural hair and protective hairstyles via grooming policies and dress codes. This, in turn, may perpetuate serious ramifications like introducing students to the school-to-prison pipeline and impacting their educational opportunities. I argue that in order to ensure black students are not negatively targeted for their hair, the loophole needs to be closed, or maybe more practical, made smaller. This Note details how this can be accomplished by having courts apply the "genuine religious principle test." Such test would be used to analyze whether grooming policies implemented by religious schools are truly following genuine religious principles from their faith. If not, the grooming policy should be found in violation of the CROWN Act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenomenon: Professionalism as a construct is weaponized to police and punish those who do not fit the norm of what a medical professional should look like or behave, more so when medical professionals in training engage in protests for social justice. In addition, professionalism silences trainees, forcing them not to question anything that looks or feels wrong in their eyes. Socialization in medicine, in both the undergraduate and postgraduate training spaces, poses challenges for contemporary medical professionals who are expected to fit the shape of the 'right kind of doctor.' Intersectionality seems to impact how medical trainees experience professionalism, be it intersections of gender, race, how they dress or adorn themselves, how they carry themselves and who they identify as. Although there is literature on the challenges pertaining to professionalism, not much has been written about the weaponization of professionalism in medical training, particularly in the South African context. There is also a paucity of data on experiences of professionalism during or after social upheaval. Approach: This is part of a study that explored the experiences of professionalism of five medical trainees during protests and after protests, extending into their postgraduate training. The main study had 13 participants, eight students and five graduates, who were all interviewed in 2020, five years after the #FeesMustFall protests. For the five postgraduate participants, we looked at how gender, race, hairstyles, adornment, and protests played out in the experiences of professionalism as medical trainees at a South African university. We employed a qualitative phenomenological approach. An intersectional analytical lens was used in analyzing the transcripts of the five graduate participants. Each transcript was translated as the story of that participant. These stories were compared, looking for commonalities and differences in terms of their experiences. Findings: The participants, four males (three Black and one white) and one Black female, were victimized or judged based on their activism for social justice, gender, and race. They were made to feel that having African hairstyles or piercings was not professional. Insights: Society and the medical profession has a narrow view of what a doctor should look like and behave – it should not be someone who wears their hair in locks, has body piercing, or is an activist, least of all if she is a woman, as professionalism is used as a weapon against all these characteristics. Inclusivity should be the norm in medical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the use of naturally derived styling polymers with heat protection properties for hair cosmetic products. Ashland's protected Styleze ™ es polymer line offers an excellent sustainability profile and performance profile. The polymers protect the hair from daily styling damage and enable the development of products for unique individual hairstyles. A new technology called Styleze es-forza is introduced, which not only allows for weather-resistant styling but also has thickening properties and can reduce the use of additional thickeners. The data shows that the hair can be protected from the negative effects of high-temperature styling devices through the use of this technology. [Extracted from the article]

As more and more consumers make eco-conscious decisions, demand for sustainable, biodegradable cosmetics is increasing, and hair care is no exception. Hair styling products are performance-driven, with customers expecting the eco-friendly product offerings to deliver equal or superior performance as their traditional synthetic counterparts. Ashland’s proprietary Styleze™ es (eco-styler) polymer line is plant-derived with an exceptional performance and sustainability profile. These polymers deliver an outstanding styling and sensorial experience, giving formulators the ability to create products for unique and personalized hair styles, that protect hair from the everyday grooming damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper covers the glass bowl fragments brought to light at Intercisa (Dunaújváros, Hungary). Bowls occur in relatively high number among the finds from the vicus and the military fort of Intercisa. The open vessels assigned to this category have a rim diameter exceeding the vessel height or exceeding the vessel height by at least 60%. Of the roughly 700 glass fragments known from the site, no more than 72 represent bowls, accounting for about 10% of the vessel glass, a relatively high proportion. Facet-cut bowls are the most frequent type among bowls: 40 pieces can be assigned to this category. Mosaic and ribbed bowls, as well as some cast and mould-pressed bowls are typical of the early Roman period. The vast majority of the bowls are blown vessels and date to the later second and the third centuries, with a few exemplars dating to the fourth century. Two bowl types stand out from among the finds, namely the facet-cut bowls and the scallop bowls of the late Roman period, which, judging from their regional distribution, had probably both been produced in a glass workshop active on the Intercisa settlement. One remarkable fragment from a hemispherical bowl bears a male head with a hedgehog hairstyle; it is paralleled by several vessels not only from the Cologne area, but also from Pannonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face style transfer aims to transfer parts of appearance features from a reference to a source face and to keep the important characteristics of the source as well. During face style transfer, hairstyle structure of the reference and personal identity of the source are two important appearance characteristics, but few existing models can maintain both of these features during the transfer process simultaneously. To concurrently retain the two important features, we propose a framework with two stages to deal with the two sub-tasks respectively. In the first stage, our model uses region-guiding masks and the modified cycle loss to generate an image where the hairstyle is transferred adequately. Based on the hairstyle-transferred face, we focus on preserving the identity with a face replacement procedure and refining the image quality in the second stage. In addition to hair-style-aware transfer, we also exhibit that this framework can be extended for other region-aware tasks, such as eyeglasses transfer. User evaluation and the application of face recognition as a metric demonstrated that our proposed framework can generate high-quality images with accurate hairstyle transfer from the reference image while preserving the identity of the source image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates the regulation of women's pregnant bodies through and by discourses of care. It illustrates how present practices reflect those of slavery where the dressing of the body, styling of the hair, and dancing, communicated gender difference that complicated sexual difference. 1 The presentation explores the body as material, fleshy, changing, and regulated. It demonstrates that even when motherhood is seen as a social construct, there is a sexual attachment to certain practices of mothering (such as pregnancy and breastfeeding) that speaks to its materiality which intersect with the ideological aspect of motherhood. Michel Foucault argues that the social actor is a mere body, and power is exercised upon individuals as bodies are categorized, trained in procedures, and placed in hierarchies. The body therefore becomes docile through its ability to learn, and to internalize discourses that regulate thoughts and behaviors. Using the narratives of ten CARICOM mothers residing in Barbados, this paper unpacks the body politic of motherhood, noting specifically how motherhood operates as institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viewing multiple images of a newly encountered face improves recognition of that identity in new instances. Studies examining face learning have presented high-variability (HV) images that incorporate changes that occur from moment-to-moment (e.g., head orientation and expression) and over time (e.g., lighting, hairstyle, and health). We examined whether low-variability (LV) images (i.e., images that incorporate only moment-to-moment changes) also promote generalisation of learning such that novel instances are recognised. Participants viewed a single image, six LV images, or six HV images of a target identity before being asked to recognise novel images of that identity in a face matching task (training stimuli remained visible) or a memory task (training stimuli were removed). In Experiment 1 (n = 71), participants indicated which image(s) in 8-image arrays belonged to the target identity. In Experiment 2 (n = 73), participants indicated whether sequentially presented images belonged to the target identity. Relative to the single-image condition, sensitivity to identity improved and response biases were less conservative in the HV condition; we found no evidence of generalisation of learning in the LV condition regardless of testing protocol. Our findings suggest that day-to-day variability in appearance plays an essential role in acquiring expertise with a novel face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past two decades have seen a rapid increase in neuroscientific evidence being used to characterize how contextual, structural, and societal factors shape cognition and school readiness. Measures of functional brain activity are increasingly viewed as markers of child development and biomarkers that could be employed to track the impact of interventions. While electroencephalography (EEG) provides a promising tool to understand educational inequities, traditional EEG data acquisition is commonly limited in some racial and ethnic groups due to hair types and styles. This ultimately constitutes unintentional systemic racism by disproportionately excluding participants from certain racial and ethnic groups from participation and representation in neuroscience research. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of how cultural considerations surrounding hair density, texture, and styling consistently skew samples to be less representative by disproportionately excluding Black and Latinx participants. We also provide recommendations and materials to promote best practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In several flowering plants, pollen is not delivered directly from the anthers to the pollinators but is transferred to and presented by another floral structure, a phenomenon known as secondary pollen presentation (2PP). The new pollen-presenting structure, that is, the pollen presenter, is usually the style, but other floral organs may also be involved in this within-flower pollen transfer. This transfer usually happens during late bud development when pollen is already released and thus is associated with extreme protandry. The evolutionary significance of 2PP is reflected by its occurrence in at least 29 families of angiosperms, suggesting many instances of independent evolution. The functional role of 2PP includes pollen saving and pollination accuracy, by reducing pollen loss and increasing the precision of pollen transfer to the stigma. Many types of 2PP have been described, distinguished either by the structure of the pollen-presenting organs or by the different processes involved in pollen transfer and presentation to pollinators. Herein three main mechanisms of 2PP are distinguished: (1) The deposition mechanism is the most common type of 2PP among angiosperms. Pollen is transferred to the presenter, often with the assistance of sticky secretions or hair tracts. (2) In the brush mechanism, pollen is wiped off of the anthers by attached hairs as the style elongates or moves relative to the anthers. (3) In the pump mechanism, the style acts as a piston, pushing the pollen out of a cylinder formed by laterally contiguous floral organs. In this article, we present a short introduction into the diversity and functional significance of 2PP, providing examples as case studies that can be easily observed in the lab or field courses. Potential avenues for future research on 2PP are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies of behavior therapy for trichotillomania (TTM) have shown that response is variable, and relapse after treatment discontinuation is common. Little information is available concerning prognostic factors capable of predicting individual differences in response or maintenance of improvement. The present study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (N = 36) of the Comprehensive Behavioral (ComB) model of treatment for TTM (Carlson et al., 2021). We investigated age, disorder history, pre-treatment symptom severity, longest prior period of abstinence from pulling, and Emotion and Intention hair pulling styles as predictors of initial response. We studied age, disorder history, pre-treatment symptom severity, longest prior period of abstinence from pulling, and post-treatment symptom severity or hair-pulling abstinence as predictors of relapse following treatment. Older age significantly predicted lower TTM severity following treatment. Lower pre-treatment severity significantly predicted lower severity of TTM at the 3-month follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tomb stele in good condition, which was acquired to the Burdur Museum by a citizen, is preserved in the garden of the museum. The stele from Karacaören village of the central district of the province must have been carved in an itinerant workshop in Hadriani. The tomb stele, which has a flat lower part and a triangular upper part, features a standing man and a woman in the scene. Both figures are of the "Dioscurides" type. This type, which is quite common in the man figures of the Roman Imperial period, is also preferred for the woman figures. The most distinctive features of this type are that the right arm, bent at the elbow with the posture of the figures, is enclosed in a sling formed from the himation, while the left arm adjacent to the body is slightly bent at the elbow and extended downwards, holding the end of the himation. This type also represents the status of the man figure and his family. The tomb stele, which is dated to the Roman Imperial period with its rather simple appearance, has been suggested a period based on the stylistic evaluations of the man and woman figures. The hairstyle of the man figure is similar to that of the portrait of Traianus in type I. The hair fashion in the woman portrait is similar to that in the "Ceres" type portrait of Vibia Sabina, the wife of Hadrianus (117-138 AD). In addition to this hairstyle/fashion, other stylistic features of the figures reflect the stylistic characteristics of the Traianus (98-117 AD) period. As a result of the analyzes, the tomb stele was dated to the Late Traianus-Early Hadrianus period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Traction alopecia (TA) is very common in Africa but few studies on African population are available. We sought to determine factors associated with TA and measure the association between these factors and TA. Methods We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study in 29 hairdressing saloons in the city of Yaoundé. A questionnaire was administered and scalp exams were performed in order to look for TA and determine Marginal TA severity score if present. Participants were separated in two groups: TA group and a group without TA. Results We finally included 223 women (77 having TA and 146 without TA). The median age was 26 years for women with TA and 24 years for women without TA. The factors associated with traction alopecia we found included: age ≥ 35 years (adjusted OR = 4; p = 0.016). Hairdressing undertaken by hairdressers only (adjusted OR = 0.2; p = 0.008), the avoidance of the regular use of nets, caps and head ties (OR = 0.2; p = 0.006) and relaxing hairs once a year or less (adjusted OR = 0.2; p = 0.005) could be protective factors. As well, we found a positive correlation between age and TA severity (r = 0.235; p