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Despite the unique and pressing needs of Black male students in schools, there has been a significant gap in the availability of culturally responsive group counseling models to support and empower this population. In this commentary article, I discuss the theory and research underlying the ASE group model for Black male middle school youth. Drawing on Steen et al. (2023) use of Critical Race Theory for reconceptualizing the ASE group model, I expound on the concept of white hegemony in school counseling. School counselors may unconsciously impose white cultural norms and values on students, hindering the effectiveness of the ASE model. To counteract white hegemony, I propose several strategies for creating a more inclusive, healing, and growth centered group environment.

The purpose of this study is to mengetahui keberterimaan produk yang berupa Creative Cognitive Behavior Group Counseling dalam mereduksi kecanduan game online. Penelitian ini menggunakan pola penelitian dan pengembangan Born & Galls yang terdiri dari tahap studi pendahuluan, tahap pengembangan produk, dan tahap evaluasi. The participants of this study were 20 students who were taken randomly. The study involved two guidance and counseling experts, guidance and counseling media, and product users to assess the acceptability of the product. Meanwhile, to test the effectiveness of the product, it involved 60 participants, both control and experimental groups. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis to describe the level of online game addiction. In addition, this study uses analysis quantitative descriptive to identify the degree of acceptance of the product. The analysis of the product effectiveness test using the Independent Sample T-Test. The results of the descriptive study show that online game addiction is a problem that needs the counselor's attention, one of which is by implementing Cognitive Behavior Group Counseling. The Cognitive Behavior Group Counseling has high acceptability and effectively reduces student online game addiction. This study's results should be material and consideration for further research to identify the compatibility of the characteristics of the school counselor in Indonesian with Group Counseling Services.

College and university counseling centers are facing increasing demand for services, increasing severity of psychopathology, and decreasing funding -- thus college counseling is a strained system. Group psychotherapy is a flexible and impactful treatment format which addresses these challenges and suits the population well. We review literature on group counseling in higher education and present four studies examining its appropriateness. Study 1 is a mathematical proof showing group therapy is "efficient." Studies 2 and 3 are archival survey data analyses of client feedback and student interest, showing group therapy is "effective" and "enticing." Study 4 is an analysis of clinic staffing data showing group therapy is "essential." Three recommendations are offered to counseling center staff and directors: design groups with a focus on ethics and appealing structure, promote groups both to prospective clients and within staff (i.e., "why not group?"), and apply affective process-dimension clinical skills in group delivery.

College students endure heightened levels of stress, and Latino college students experience additional stressors associated with their ethnic and cultural status, which places them at an increased risk for maladjustment. Stress management psychoeducational groups can improve college student's coping. A total of 109 Latino college students participated in a culturally-tailored psychoeducational group. Results suggest positive outcomes and implications for these findings are discussed in the context of cultural values and experiences of Latino college students.

The contemporary educational experiences of Black girls suggest a disconnect between their success and what they must navigate on their road to success. Given Black girls' experiences, schools must implement systemic intervention as a part of multitiered systems of support. Interventions should engage antiracist frameworks that center on the creation of homeplace to promote the radical imagination of Black girls while also working to dismantle oppressive policies and practices in K--12 schools. As such, we propose foundational principles of leading antiracist, culturally responsive groups for Black girls that center homeplace while supporting freedom dreaming. We also provide recommendations for challenging oppressive school policies and practices that negatively impact Black girls.

Multitiered systems of support (MTSS) teams use data to match student needs with an appropriate Tier 2 intervention. School counselors mobilize quickly to provide evidence-based and culturally affirming interventions. We present a compilation of best practices for delivering culturally affirming, small-group Tier 2 interventions with fidelity. Discussion includes implications for training; school-counselor-led, culturally affirming small-group intervention planning; strategies to ensure fidelity of implementation; and viewing data using an antiracist lens.

Comic book characters (CBCs) provide an escapism from reality while still confronting real issues. However, for Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) there is a lack of characters that look, talk, and think like them. Black Panther is an example of a character more inclusive of BIPOC populations, especially Black males. What differentiates Black Panther is the CBC can be a metaphor for issues Black males face, such as racism/discrimination. The superhero has several positive attributes, such as a strong sense of self, dignity, and strength/resiliency. Furthermore, one of the more appealing cultural aspects of Black Panther is he must undergo several rites of passages to claim his inheritance. Rites of passages are gaining recognition as a culturally responsive group method to use with Black males in school settings. Thus, a rites of passages counseling group centered on the attributes of Black Panther can offer a contemporary, school-based counseling intervention.

Career development plays a crucial role in the overall growth of K-12 students. However, it often lacks an intersectional approach to address students' diverse needs. Consequently, there is a need for a comprehensive approach that recognizes students' distinct requirements and offers practical solutions. This conceptual article addresses the unique strengths and challenges minoritized girls of color face in their career development. Given these challenges and others, we propose a group counseling experience that builds on the strengths of minoritized girls of color and fosters culturally responsive career development, including career decision-making self-efficacy.

In this article, we contextualize Black racial identity in the current sociopolitical context, and present and discuss a group counseling intervention using poetry as the medium to explore issues that foster a positive sense of racial identity in Black girls. We used the phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory as a framework to unpack the group counseling lessons, which are presented in detail. We also discuss implications for school counselor practice, preparation, and research.

The American School Counselor Association calls for counselors to utilize multitiered systems of support to minimize gaps. Specifically, Tier 2 interventions provide a method to address equity issues and foster growth. Black male students experience the greatest disparities in schools; therefore, school counselors should consider culturally affirming, strengths-based groups to meet these students' needs. This practitioner research outlines an intervention resulting in participants' decreased discipline referrals and enhanced social/emotional skills.

Background: There is a growing body of literature that indicates positive outcomes of group treatment approaches to intervention for communication difficulties in chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). The published research to date examines face-to-face group intervention. Aim: This study draws on one of these approaches, 'Improving Natural Social Interaction: Group reHabilitation after Traumatic brain injury' (INSIGHT), and examines the adaptation of this program to a virtual setting. The principles underlying the program, which involved providing an authentic contextualised and natural environment for group interactions and enhancing opportunities for identity expression, were maintained. Methods & Procedures: Six participants with mild to severe TBI and cognitive communication difficulties participated in an 8-week pilot program of the virtual INSIGHT program. Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) scores completed over the course of the intervention served as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes measures included The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Update, The Awareness of Social Inference Test-Revised, the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Outcomes & Results: A mixed multilevel analysis revealed significant improvement in GAS scores. A Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed no significant changes in secondary measures. Conclusions & Implications: There is a growing potential for this group treatment approach, in an online medium, and progress towards individualised goals was clear. The data have implications for examining the assessment measures typically used to document functional outcomes in clinical intervention. Future directions indicate a need to pursue more ecologically valid assessment methods.

LGBTQ+ teens' career decision-making processes are confounded by LGBTQ+ identity development and negative experiences in school. The authors present literature identifying specific needs of LGBTQ+ teens involved in career planning and propose a specialized career group counseling model designed to address those needs. Potential application for counselors in schools and the community are discussed.

This article summarizes a field-based experiment exploring an individual and small-group financial coaching intervention. Both types of coaching programs had the same goal: To develop clients' financial capability through a series of planned meetings focusing on client driven goals. Results indicated clients who were coached either individually or in groups demonstrated increases in financial knowledge, gains in confidence, reductions in stress, and positive changes in behavior. The findings provide support for coaching as an intervention for developing financial capability and suggests group coaching as an alternative for reaching more clients and spreading financial capability more widely in a cost-effective way.

This article reviews the outcomes of five purposely selected group career construction research projects conducted in a developing country context. Thematic data analysis was done on the results of these projects to identify qualitatively the strengths and areas for development (weaknesses) of the approach followed in these projects. The findings demonstrated the value of career constructing in contexts that differed substantially from the context in which the career construction counselling was originally developed. Overall, the quantitative findings in regard to career adaptability revealed that the women benefited more from the intervention than the men. The findings in regard to career decision-making difficulties also uncovered gender differences. The qualitative outcomes revealed that the participants' psychological self as an autobiographical author benefited more from the intervention than either the social actor or the motivated agent. Future research should focus on the application of group career construction counselling with larger groups, using instruments based on career construction counselling theory developed locally. Moreover, given current developments (including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment), special emphasis should be placed on research among the unemployed.

Although verbal bullying has no impact on physical health, it hurts mental health. The effectiveness of counseling to address these issues varies, and requires testing. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior counseling with reframing and group counseling with discussion techniques for students who are victims of verbal bullying. This research method is an experimental study with 80 senior high school students as subjects, 40 students are in the experimental group (cognitive behavior counseling with reframing), and 40 students are in the control group (group counseling with discussion). This study showed that the experimental group was superior in helping students do forgiveness to the control group. The involvement of cognitive-behavior elements in counseling has proven to help evoke forgiveness in students who are victims of verbal bullying. This research is then used as a reference for handling victims of verbal bullying effectively with forgiveness in cognitive-behavior counseling. This research contributes to counseling science in implementing appropriate counseling strategies.

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of a "solution-focused group counseling program to increase healthy Internet use" and "group guidance to increase healthy Internet use" to increase healthy Internet use among young people. The study group for the research comprised 39 university students (22 females 56%, 17 males 44%). In this study, the Personal Information Form, Interview Form and Problematic Internet Use Scale were used as data collection tools. Analysis of data used the ANOVA for mixed measures and content analysis of interviews with participants in the solution-focused group counseling program about increasing healthy Internet use about their experiences. In the results of the research, it was determined that the solution-focused group was more effective than the guidance group and the control group. It was determined that the guidance group was also more effective than the control group. In addition, it was determined that this differentiation in the groups continued to be effective in the follow-up measurements made 3 months after the completion of the application.

Children on the autism spectrum often experience anxiety. Mindfulness is growing in popularity as a method to support children with anxiety; however, there is limited evidence on mindfulness for children on the autism spectrum. This study investigated the feasibility of a 10-week group-based mindfulness intervention for 14 children on the autism spectrum. A one-group pre-post design determined outcomes of anxiety (caregiver and child report), mindful attention, and wellbeing (child report). Interviews explored children's and caregivers' perceptions. There were no significant differences in outcomes post-intervention. Five themes were identified from interviews: (1) Children felt calmer; (2) Parents observed differences in anxiety; (3) Breathing and yoga helped; (4) Parents wanted more; and (5) Challenges and benefits of group intervention.

The purpose of this study was to explore how life-design-based counselling can influence young learners' academic self-construction within a group context. The study involved a qualitative mode of enquiry with 12 participants. Life-design-based intervention strategies, together with various (postmodern) qualitative techniques, were used to gather data. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and identify themes and sub-themes. The findings indicate that the participants exhibited enhanced academic self-construction in general after the intervention. More specifically, they displayed improved future aspirations as they made sense of their current learning. Future research could assess the feasibility and value of life-design counselling as early as the primary school years, as it seems to hold numerous benefits for young individuals that may positively influence their life-long career development.

This article reviews group counselling interventions conducted by school counsellors that aimed to improve academic achievement. A total of 12 studies met these criteria. The studies that used comprehensive/comparative tests and GPA as academic achievement outcome measures had moderate to large effect sizes. Secondly, this review broadly examined whether a protocol or group manual was used, the number of group sessions, and demographic information of the group leaders and students. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided including exploring more international articles.

Self monitoring and self reward are self-management service techniques that are part of the behavior techniques that each individual has. Procrastination means procrastinating on work; one of the inhibiting factors for student success. This study aimed to reduced the level of procrastination of high school students through self-monitoring and self-reward services. This type of research was experimental research with the equivalent time series design. The samples were taken as many as 6 of 25 people. Data collection used treatment materials and a procrastination scale in the form of the Student-Student Procrastinational Assessment Scale (PASS) developed by Salomon and Rothblum. The results showed that the Fcount value was 1.304 with a result of 0.028, meaning the results obtained were <0.05; Because sig 0.0280 <0.05, self-management techniques, self-monitoring and self-reward strategies could reduce academic procrastination behavior in students, so that self-management techniques, self-monitoring and self-reward strategies were effective in reducing academic procrastination behavior in high school students.

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many universities moving abruptly from face-to-face to online instruction. One group of students involved in this transition was master's-level counseling students. Their experiential group counseling training (EGCT) program started in a face-to-face format and abruptly transitioned to an online format because of COVID-19. In this phenomenological study, we examined these students' experiences of participating and leading in six face-to-face and four online EGCT groups. Two focus groups were conducted, and three major themes emerged: positive participation attributes, participation-inhibiting attributes, and suggestions for group counseling training. The findings point to additional learning and skill development through the online group experience as well as its utility as a safe space to process the novel experience brought about by COVID-19.

School counselors are encouraged to employ evidence-based practices to meet students' mental health needs, yet a scarcity of outcome research limits their access to adequately supported prevention and intervention resources (Griffith et al., 2019). To maximize their impact and time, school counselors should consider conducting group counseling with students. Specifically, school counselors should consider implementing Adventure Therapy (AT), a kinesthetically engaging form of group counseling that uses adventure activities to promote participation through collaborative problem solving, encourage responsible decision-making, and foster accountability among students (Christian et al., 2019). While literature supports the use of AT in schools, there is a dearth of outcome studies examining its efficacy with students. This study explored the impact of AT on 7th graders' self-efficacy (n = 19). The researchers measured Total, Academic, Social, and Emotional self-efficacy using the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children at pre, mid, post, and follow-up. Results suggested AT groups were effective for increasing all types of self-efficacy for participants with males showing a greater increase. Implications for school counselors and future research are described.

The aim of the research is to investigate the effect of a solution-focused group counseling program on reducing social anxiety of university students. The study group consists of 30 (16 female, 14 male) students who volunteered among 224 students who continue their education at Afyon Kocatepe University in the 2019-2020 academic year. The research had a 2x3 mixed pattern with experiment and control groups and pretest, posttest and follow-up measures. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) was used as data collection tool. University students in the experimental group attended a 6- session solution-focused group counseling program about reducing social anxiety, while the control group did not participate in any study. After completing experimental processes, both groups underwent posttest and then follow-up measures at the end of 3 months. Data were analyzed with the two-way analysis of variance technique for mixed patterns. Results revealed that the solution-focused group counseling program was effective in reducing the social anxiety of university students and the efficacy continued during follow-up at the end of three months.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an anxiety-coping program for children based on cognitive behavioral therapy on children's anxiety levels. The study was conducted with 12 students in the fourth grade of primary school. Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) was during the study for data collection. Students in the experimental group participated in a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based anxiety coping program consisting of eight sessions. No study was conducted with the students in the control group. A mixed design of 2x3 was used in the study. Follow-up measurement was performed six months after the study was completed. In the analysis of the data, Mann Whitney U test and Friedman test were used. As a result of the analysis, a significant decrease was observed in the general anxiety, general anxiety disorder, separation anxiety and social anxiety levels of the participants in the experiment group after the intervention which continued during the follow-up period. Furthermore there was no statistically significant decrease in panic disorder/somatic symptoms and school phobia levels of the participants in the experimental group. The findings indicated that the anxiety-coping program for children based on cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in terms of decreasing the anxiety levels of children.

Recently, a mnemonic device, SHORES, was created for counselors to utilize with clients with suicidal ideation. The acronym of SHORES stands for Skills and strategies for coping (S); Hope (H); Objections (O); Reasons to live and Restricted means (R); Engaged care (E); and Support (S). In this manuscript, SHORES is introduced as a way for school counselors to address protective factors against suicide. In addition, the authors review the literature on comprehensive school suicide prevention and suicide protective factors; describe the relevance of a suicide protective factors mnemonic that school counselors can use; and illustrate the mnemonic's application in classroom guidance, small-group, and individual settings.

Purpose: The present study aims to examine to what extent the group guidance program affects the levels of couple burnout, occupational burnout and work engagement of fathers with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research Methods: In this research, a random pattern with a pre-test post-test control group in a quasi-experimental design was used. The research group of this study consisted of 22 fathers whose children attended the Education Foundation in a provincial center in Central Anatolia and volunteered to participate in the group work. With the random assignment method, 11 fathers were assigned to the experimental group and 11 fathers to the control group. The Couple Burnout Measure-Short Version (CBMS), the Burnout Measure-Short Version (BMS), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and the Personal Information Form designed by the researcher were used as the data collection tools in this study. A group guidance program of 10 sessions, once a week for ten weeks, was applied to the experimental group. Shapiro-Wilk test was used in data analysis, and the Levene test was used to test the homogeneity of variances. The pre-test and post-test scores of the fathers in the experimental and control groups were compared with the t-test for dependent and independent groups. Findings: As a result of the analysis of the data, there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test mean scores of both couple burnout and occupational burnout, while there was no significant difference between work engagement post-test and pre-test mean scores. Implications for Research and Practice: Since it has been determined that the group guidance program is effective in reducing couple and occupational burnout scores of fathers with children with ASD, this program may be useful to be implemented by psychological counselors. In addition, group psychological counseling activities using psychological intervention strategies for parents can be conducted.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of group counselling on the awareness of the participants about their feelings, their ability to recognise emotional expressions and their cognitive emotion regulation strategies. In the study, experimental pretest-posttest and follow-up testing with control group design was used and a total of 24 subjects, 12 in the experimental group and 12 in the control group, participated in the study. As a result of the study, significant differences were found in the TAS-20; whereas there was no significant difference in JACFEE, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire results. The follow-up test administered 8 weeks later showed that the scores that participants achieved from TAS-20 were maintained after the experiment.

Objective: Adjustment to retirement is heterogeneous in nature, and for some, but not all individuals, may require well-being support. However, limited information is available on the types of psychosocial interventions that can be effective during this time of transition with pre-retirees or retirees. This review identified psychosocial interventions with adults before and during retirement, and their effectiveness in maintaining or increasing well-being. Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, a multi-database systematic literature review, with a two-stage screening process, was conducted utilising narrative synthesis. Records were independently screened by two screeners against set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Two thousand four hundred and thirty-six records were identified for screening with 20 studies found eligible for final review. These included seven randomised controlled trial studies (RCT), six non-randomised quasi-experimental controlled studies, and seven single group pre/post intervention studies. Interventions covered cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), positive psychology, mentoring, family therapy and others. Conclusions: The review highlighted the benefits of psychosocial support to adults' well-being before and after they retire, especially with participation in group-based programs utilising elements of CBT. There was also evidence for well-being maintenance with longer running interventions. Results should be considered in the development of future psychosocial interventions to support individuals during this important life phase in older adulthood.

This article describes the experience of participants and facilitators engaging in a psychoeducational group counseling intervention designed to enhance college readiness among Latine first-generation college-going students--those for whom neither parent completed college (National Center for Education Statistics, 2017). The group was designed to increase students' understanding of how their various identities impacted their college preparatory experience and willingness to seek help. Findings suggest that participants recognized the importance of their identities and the way they influenced their help-seeking behaviors. Participants identified similarities among their experiences related to college going while also valuing learning from each other's differences. Last, participants felt a sense of uncertainty and angst about going to college. We also share facilitator experiences.

Postpandemic culture has provided educators the opportunity to rebuild and reclaim the education system from its very foundation. Pioneering researchers in school counseling have begun reexamining what antiracist school counseling programs look like and providing school counselors practical recommendations for addressing racism and dismantling racist policies and procedures in their schools. This article disseminates findings from a quantitative research study that examined how school counselors are currently utilizing the lens of power, privilege, and intersectionality in their implementation of small groups in their schools. The results indicated that about half (52%) of participants are implementing small-group counseling through this lens while the other half are not. Further results showed that, demographically, school counselors who identified as Black or African American are more likely to do this critical work. We discuss implications for practitioners as they explore their own racial identity and battle racial inequities in schools.

Adolescence is a very important stage, especially in the life of the talented students. This research aimed at identifying the effect of a group counseling program in enhancing the ability to form friendship among a sample of academically talented students at Halima Al-Saadia Secondary School in Jordan. The researchers used Semi experimental approach. The study sample consisted of (29) students from seventh to tenth grades, they were randomly distributed into experimental group (n=16), and control group (n=13). And a group counseling program consisted of 9 sessions has been developed and applied among the experimental group. In addition to that forming friendship scale has been developed and administrated among the participants in the two groups, pre, post applying the program, and a three weeks follow up measurement was conducted to the experimental group. Mann-Whitney test was used to examine the hypotheses validity. The results revealed increasing the level of forming friendship among the participants of the experimental group comparing with the control group, with (39.00) Mann-Whitney value, which shows the effectiveness of the training program. Also there were no statistically differences in the experimental group means due to the birth order in the effectiveness of the program, and a persistent effect of the program after three weeks follow-up. This research sheds light on the talented adolescents in the government schools not a talented school, add to that the research focuses on the social aspect while the studies addressed the academic aspects of gifted and talented students.

This article focuses on gun violence in the school setting and the role of the counselor in helping to reduce gun violence. Gun violence in schools has become pervasive for many reasons, including lack of adequate support staff, undiagnosed mental health issues, students who experience isolation, anger, depression, bullying, as well as access to guns and rifles combined with a failure to conduct extensive background checks on purchasers of weapons of mass destruction. This article explores the instrumental role school counselors have in identifying, assisting, supporting, and empowering students who are struggling mentally, behaviorally, socially, and academically. A definition of gun violence, statistics, warning signs of perpetrators, and the impact of gun violence on students, are presented.

This article focuses on the clinical training aspects of a distance counselor education program and highlights what clinical courses look like in an online synchronized classroom. Using three courses as examples, including group counseling, child and adolescent counseling, and practicum and internship, the authors share unique challenges they have encountered and solutions they have adopted when training distance students on counseling skills. The authors further discuss pedagogy, teaching strategies, and assessments that have been utilized to engage diverse distance learners in synchronized class meetings in order to maintain equivalent quality and learning outcomes with traditional clinical training methods. Finally, the authors provide recommendations for future research to increase and solidify the reality of distance clinical training in counselor education programs.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Psycho-drama Integrated Psycho-Education Program (PIPP) on divorce adaptation and resilience scores of children of divorced families. In this study, a 2x3 design with experimental and control groups and having pre-test, post-test and follow-up measurements was used. Nonparametric statistics were used in the analysis of the obtained data. Mann Whitney U test was adopted to determine the significance of the difference between the groups and Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test was utilized to find the significance of the difference between the measurements. The Child's Divorce Adjustment Inventory, Child and Youth Resilience Measure and Personal Information Form were used as data collection tools. Based on the results, it was seen that the PIPP had a highly significant effect on the increase in adaptation and resilience scores of children of divorced families and this effect was long-lasting.

Children and adolescents who experience parental incarceration are faced with significant challenges. Additionally, parental incarceration disproportionally affects African American families and families in urban settings. Due to institutional, economic, and social barriers, access to community mental health services for these affected children and teens is often limited. However, professional school counselors (PSCs) are positioned to fill the gap in services and provide much needed support for these students. This article presents a six-session, small counseling group plan for high school PSCs working with teenagers of incarcerated parents. Additional considerations related to prescreening participants and collecting data are also provided.

This study examined the mediating role of psychological maladjustment in the relationship between Turkish high school students' perception of teacher rejection and educational stress levels. The study was based on a sample of 399 high school students located in Turkey (231 students were female; 168 students were male). The Teacher's Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire: Child Version Short Form, the Personality Assessment Questionnaire: Child Version, Education Stress Scale, and Personal Information Form were used as measures. Result revealed that psychological maladjustment mediated the relationship between perception of teacher rejection and educational stress. Additionally, the results showed that female students' educational stress levels, psychological maladjustment levels, and GPAs were significantly higher than male students. However, male students' perception of teacher rejection levels was significantly higher than female students. Results also documented that younger female and male students tended to recall more educational stress than older female and male students. GPA was significantly and negatively correlated with psychological maladjustment for males. The results may help the expansion of the IPARTheory. At the practical level, school counselors may include individual or group counseling practices to increase students' psychological adjustment in intervention programs to prevent or eliminate educational stress. [Note: the citation on the PDF is incorrect.]

This study aimed to investigate the impact of a group counseling program on reducing parental stress and depression among mothers of Jordanian children with autism. A purposive sample comprising 40 mothers of children with autism was selected from three autism centers in Zarqa and Rusaifa in Jordan; these participants were then randomly assigned to either an experimental group (N = 20) or control group (N = 20). Participants were asked to complete both the Parental Stress Index--Short Form (PSI--SF; including its three sub-scales) and an amended Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS): pre- and posttest by both groups, and a six-week follow-up test by the experimental group. A CBT-based group counseling program was designed and 14 sessions were held three times per week over a four-week period. The difference between the pre- and posttest scores for the two groups revealed that the experimental group was significantly more likely to have lower levels of parental stress and depression. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in scores between the experimental group's posttest and follow-up assessment: Total Stress (Total PSI), Parental Distress (PD), and depression had all decreased significantly; Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction (PCDI) had also decreased, but not significantly; however, although not significantly, stress levels associated with a Difficult Child (DC) had increased.

This study aimed to understand the effectiveness of Forgiveness Group Therapy on forgiveness and forgiveness flexibility levels among university students. 16 students who studied at Mersin University joined the study. Enright's Process Model of Psychological Forgiveness Scale was utilized when the program is designed. The group counseling program was conducted in the presence of two psychological counselors and a supervisor. The Heartland Forgiveness Scale and Forgiveness Flexibility Scale were used to gather data. The main purpose of that program was forgive to others. To analyze the effectiveness of the Forgiveness Group Counseling Therapy on forgiveness and forgiveness flexibility, the experimental design was implied. Pre and post-test were implied to two groups which were experimental and control groups. The data which collected owing to scales was analyzed by using non-parametric methods in SPSS program. The results showed that forgiveness the others and forgiveness flexibility increased for the experimental group while forgiveness of self and forgiveness of the situation wasn't.

The aim of this study is to examine experimental studies conducted with solution focused brief therapy psychological counselling in Turkey. In this study in which descriptive method was used, the data were analysed with document analysis. In this respect, a total of 26 studies, 24 graduate theses and 2 articles, which were conducted experimentally with solution focused counselling approach, were analysed. According to the results of the study, it was found that there was an increase in studies conducted with this approach in recent years, the majority of the studies were conducted in the fields of education and nursing, and the sample groups of the study were mostly secondary school, high school and university students. It was found that mostly group counselling method and semi-experimental pattern were used in studies, a great majority of the studies were conducted with 6 sessions, all of the studies except one included control group, 3 of the studies included placebo group and follow-up test was conducted in 14 of the studies. It was found that the studies were applied on very different problem areas, mainly undesired behaviours and that 4 of the studies met all the criteria determined for solution focused approach. When the studies conducted were examined, it was found that there were no studies in which solution focused approach was compared with another psychotherapy approach. As a result of the study, it was found that in all studies except one, solution focused counselling had a significant effect on the experimental group.

Students in foster care frequently experience barriers that influence their personal, social, and academic success. These challenges may include trauma, abuse, neglect, and loss--all of which influence a student's ability to be successful in school. Combined with these experiences, students in foster care lack the same access to resources and support as their peers. To this end, school counselors have the opportunity to utilize their unique position within the school community to effectively serve and address the complex needs of students in foster care. This paper addresses the current research, presenting problems, implications, and interventions school counselors can utilize when working with this population.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of counseling interventions using self-information to increase student career certainty. This study was conducted with a quasi-experimental pre-test--post-test non-equivalent group design. The number of subjects was 94 high school students, out of which 44 were male and 50 were female; the experimental group consisted of 39 people and the control group consisted of 55 people. The Self-information used in this study was provided through the Self-Directed Career Exploration Inventory, while research data was obtained through the Career Plan Certainty Scale. The results showed that career counseling services using self-information were effective in helping high school students to increase their career choice certainty. The mean score of the students of the specialization group in the experimental group increased and was significantly different from the mean score of the students in the control group. In addition, the mean score for the study plans of male and female students was not significantly different.

Unrecognized grief (also called disenfranchised grief) is an emotion experienced when a loss is not socially supported, mourned, or acknowledged (Doka, 1989). Elementary students often experience unrecognized grief when relationships with friends, family, teachers, support professionals, and pets change or end. While these developments are often a normal part of life, elementary students experience grief that may lead to academic or behavioral difficulties in school. The purpose of this article is to review the concept of unrecognized grief experienced by elementary students due to relationship loss and provide school counselors with individual, group, and system-wide strategies.

This study explored through applied statistics the importance and confidence levels of African American counselors-intraining core group counseling skills while at the same determining the difference among their colleagues of different ethnic backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to assess core group counseling skills while at the same determining the difference among their colleagues of differing ethnic backgrounds. Participants were sixty-eight counselors-in-training enrolled in a Group Counseling Course in the spring of 2015 and fall of 2016. Of the sixty-eight participants 38 (55.88%) African Americans and 27 (39.71%) White/Caucasian had an opportunity to complete the Core Group Work Skills Inventory - Importance and Confidence (CGWSI-IC) as an extra credit assignment pre- and post their group counseling facilitation experience. Results suggest African American participants had confidence in determining their effectiveness as group members or leaders. A significant difference and a very large effect between pre-test and post-test of African American counselor-in-training importance level of the individual behavioral items in the CGWSI-IC items were seen. Implications for specific training for African Americans in group counseling for core group counseling skills should be examined.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST) is an evidence-based indicated depression prevention program that has been shown to reduce depression symptoms. Research is needed to identify moderators of IPT-AST's effects. Although trauma history has emerged as a moderator of depression treatment outcomes, the impact of trauma on short- and long-term outcomes in the context of preventive interventions for adolescent depression is unknown. This study examines the impact of trauma on prevention outcomes in a school-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which 186 adolescents (mean age = 14.01 years, SD = 1.22; 67% female) were randomly assigned to IPT-AST delivered by research staff or to group counseling (GC) provided by school counselors. Trauma history significantly moderated intervention outcomes during the active phase of the intervention but not during long-term follow-up. During the active phase, youth in IPT-AST with low or no trauma exposure experienced significantly greater reductions in depression symptoms than youth in GC with low or no trauma exposure, but there were no significant differences in rates of change between the two interventions for youth with high or any trauma exposure. These findings highlight the importance of assessing trauma and investigating whether these interventions can be tailored or supplemented to enhance the effects for youth with trauma exposure.