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The Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a popular metric for measuring customer loyalty and is claimed by Reichheld to predict a company's growth. However, various academic studies provide controversial results regarding its reliability and prediction powers. This study analyzes how respondents answer the likelihood-to-recommend (LTR) question in different predescribed and validated situations. One thousand participants are presented with situation descriptions that consist of previous and recent experiences with a bank and are asked how they would respond to the LTR question after such an experience. The results indicate that respondents do not always give a high score for good experiences, and a low score for bad experiences. However, with a high number of respondents, the different answering approaches even out, and the NPS results are higher for good than for bad experiences. Additionally, we notice that whereas negative experiences are evaluated as low by all respondents, Generation X and Boomers tend to give lower scores for neutral and positive experiences. Those with lower income and basic education give lower scores for neutral experiences. The recent experience influences the customer's likelihood of recommending more than the previous experiences with the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that (1) the segment of text known as Gen 10 is a collation of three separate works; (2) the works have mutually exclusive ideas about the zones and groups of the world; and (3) the zones and groupings illustrate the insight that has come to the fore of late that group identity—ethnic, national, racial, and so on—is a human, cultural product, not a set of natural, biological traits. Specifically, Semitic identity was not an obvious and long-lived category in ancient Israel and Judea, but distinct to a few particular literary works and contradicted by others. Later cultures responded to the collated text at Gen 9–11 and used its terms and concepts selectively to map their own world, which has had a pernicious, bloody afterlife down to our own times. Therefore, (4) the label “Semitic” should not be used for peoples, places, cultures, religions, and even languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational conflict stands as a significant societal challenge, influencing relationships and comprehension among different age groups. This study delves into the perspectives on intergenerational conflicts as perceived by representatives from the Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. Employing the ‘Intergenerational Solidarity’ model and adopting a phenomenological approach, the study conducted five focus group sessions involving 19 participants, utilizing a semi-structured interview form. The findings highlight the prominence of intergenerational conflicts, particularly in the realms of consensual and functional solidarity. Notably, Baby Boomers and Generation X exhibit similar viewpoints, while Generation Y presents distinctive opinions. The root of intergenerational conflict revolves around societal values, with a diminishing rate of socialization playing a pivotal role. Proposing that older adult education can foster intergenerational understanding and communication by enhancing socialization, this study suggests a potential avenue for mitigating conflicts among generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore factors associated with productivity in urologic practice. Work-relative value units (wRVUs), the basis for Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and private payer reimbursements, commonly serve to estimate physician productivity. Limited data describes which practice factors predict increased wRVU productivity. The 2017 and 2018 CMS databases were retrospectively queried for urologic Medicare provider demographics and procedural/service details. Medical school graduation year was used to estimate years in practice and generation (Millennial, Gen X, Baby Boomer, or Post-War). Treated patients' demographics were obtained. Adjusted and unadjusted linear mixed models were performed to predict wRVU production. Included were 6773 Medicare-participating urologists across the United States. Millennials produced 1115 wRVUs per year, while Gen X and Baby Boomers produced significantly more (1997 and 2104, respectively, P <.01). Post-War urologists produced numerically more (1287, P =.88). In adjusted analyses, predictors of Medicare wRVU productivity included female and pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (exponentiated beta estimate (β) 1.46, 95% CI 1.32-1.60), men's health (β 1.22, 95% CI 1.13-1.32), and oncologic subspecialization (β 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14), female gender (β 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.92), wRVUs generated from inpatient procedures (β 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.09) and office visits (β 0.88, 95% CI 0.87-0.89), and the level of education (β 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.14) and percent impoverished patients (β 0.85, 95% CI 0.83-0.88) in provider's practice zip code. Urologic experience, specialization, demographics, practice patterns, and patient demographics are significantly associated with wRVU productivity in Medicare settings. Further work should incorporate quality metrics into wRVUs and ensure patient demographics do not affect reimbursement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gen X customers find it difficult to adjust to the changing technology trends and hence face issues while using mobile credit bill payment apps. Although Gen X customers form an important segment of the banking sector, few studies have explored the barriers that Gen X customers face. It will be interesting to examine the impact of innovation-related barriers and personality traits that affect Gen X customers' continuance intention, and whether perceived gamification has a moderating effect. The questionnaire-based survey data of 306 Indian respondents were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling technique. The study found a negative influence of issues (app. quality and payment), a positive influence of conscientiousness trait and an insignificant impact of traditional barrier on continuance intention. Perceived gamification had a significant moderating influence on the relationship between app. quality concerns, security concerns, agreeableness and conscientiousness with continuance intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Being bullied is a profoundly distressing experience for children and adolescents, with the potential for adverse mental and behavioral outcomes throughout their adult years. This study aims to explore the association between juvenile bullying, self-esteem, loneliness, and social media addiction among men across three generational cohorts: X, Y, and Z. Method: The study utilized an online survey, administering structured questionnaires to 797 men aged 18-58 divided into three generational cohorts: 142 individuals from Gen X (born between 1965 and 1980), 275 from Gen Y (born between 1981 and 1996), and 380 from Gen Z (born between 1997 and 2005). Results: The findings demonstrate that across all three generations, there was a positive correlation between experiencing bullying in one's youth and social media addiction in adulthood. Among Gen X, self-esteem did not act as a mediator in this relationship, nor did loneliness moderate the links between bullying and social media addiction, or between self-esteem and social media addiction. However, for Gen Y and Z, self-esteem was found to mediate the relationship between bullying and social media addiction. Loneliness moderated the association between self-esteem and social media addiction in Gen Y and the association between bullying and social media addiction in Gen Z. Conclusion: The differences observed among generational cohorts can be attributed to changes in masculinity norms, the evolution of bullying types, and the rapid development of social media platforms, catering to the distinct needs and gratifications of each generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses Generation Z's perception of work, considering the different realities and generational experiences in Brazil, a country marked by profound social inequalities. The study aims to understand the social representations of young people related to work, exploring how they reflect and are influenced by demographic and organizational transformations. Based on the literature, it is identified that employees from different generations, including Generations X, Y, Z and Baby Boomers, coexist in the workplace, each with their specific expectations, values and motivations in relation to employment. This diversity creates significant challenges for organizational management, which must mediate the varied perspectives to avoid conflicts and facilitate the adaptation and assimilation of new members. The study employs a qualitative approach, using questionnaires and the Free Word Association Technique (TALP) to collect data from young people born between 1995 and 2009. The interpretative analysis of the collected data aims to reveal the complex relationships of these young people with work, understanding how these perceptions are socially constructed and how they influence their experiences and expectations. The research is based on the Theory of Social Representations (TRS) to analyze how young people structure their social reality and how this affects their insertion and behavior in the world of work. The results seek to offer insights into the aspirations, needs and motivations of Generation Z in the Brazilian labor context, highlighting the relevance of understanding such dynamics to promote more harmonious and productive work environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many argue that work motivation varies with year of birth, suggesting the utility of generational labels such as Z, Y, X, or Baby Boomer. This article tests this generational hypothesis by using multilevel regressions with data from 584,217 individuals sampled by the Integrated Values Survey in 113 countries over more than 30 years. The results show that the importance of work first increases and then decreases with an individual's age and that the importance of work tends to decrease for everyone with the passing of historical time. These age and period effects make later-born generations seem work averse, while birth year and thus generational membership hardly explain work motivation after accounting for age and period effects. The article also tests whether ten other work-related attitudes can be explained through generational membership. The results suggest that the historical time period and an individual's life course explain work motivation and work attitudes better than generational membership. This life course and historical explanation is suggested as an alternative to the generational hypothesis of work motivation and attitudes that prevails in much of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This comparative research examines the factors influencing individuals' purchase intention toward green housing. By examining these factors, this study provides fruitful insights into the purchase intentions and behaviors for greenhouses among individuals of different age groups in India. Design/methodology/approach: Data were gathered from Generation (Gen) X (313) and Generation (Gen) Y (297) using self-administered questionnaires. The "partial least squares structural equation modeling" was used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The outcome shows that attitude and green trust substantially impact the green purchase intention of Gen X and Y. More specifically, environmental knowledge insignificantly influences the green purchase intention of Gen X while significantly influencing Gen Y. However, perceived risk insignificantly affects the purchase intention of both Gen X and Y. Consequently, green purchase intention substantially impacts the green purchase behavior in both studies. Research limitations/implications: This research focuses primarily on India; future research may be conducted in different geographical contexts. This study could also be extended to all age groups individuals. Practical implications: The findings of this article facilitate policymakers, real estate developers and professional bodies in formulating strategies for sustainable nations in the future. Originality/value: The current article is the initial empirical attempt to examine the home-buying decisions of individuals in India. Moreover, the role of Generation X and Generation Y in green housing purchase decisions will provide fruitful insights into how different age groups impact the decision-making process of green housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study introduces an enhanced version of the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) method, a powerful tool that can be applied across various domains. This method plays a crucial role in our research, aiding in making well-informed decisions about smart tourism destination attributes. We achieved this by evaluating how 911 consumers from four different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z) rated these attributes based on their most recent tourist destination visit. Unlike traditional methods that often rely on subjective opinions or complex statistical models, the Improved IPA (IIPA) method offers a clear approach to decision-making. It enables decision-makers to focus on the most crucial attributes that drive consumer interest, thereby optimizing resource allocation and marketing efforts. Specifically, to remain competitive, decision-makers for smart tourist destinations should focus on queuing-time forecast and applications, websites, and content accessible for travelers with disabilities for Baby Boomers; e-complaint handling for Generation X; smart emergency response system for Millennials; and tourist-flow forecast, real-time traffic broadcast, electronic-entrance guard systems, and accessible data about physical design features of accommodation, restaurants, and tourist attractions for Generation Z. Theoretically, this study advances the research on managerial decision-making by demonstrating the effectiveness of the IIPA as a clear and straightforward method for making optimal decisions about product or service attributes. In practice, the study provides decision-makers with valuable insights into the importance of different categories of smart attributes in shaping the overall holiday experience at a tourist destination for Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z tourism consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Related Articles Generation X often receives less attention in generational analysis due to its perceived lack of distinctiveness compared to preceding and succeeding generations in the contemporary United States. Politically, there is little justification for distinguishing Generation X as it is commonly defined, yet it harbors significant political divergence between its older and younger cohorts. In terms of partisanship, ideology, and public policy preferences, Generation X is markedly divided, essentially comprising two distinct political generations. Generation X can thus be viewed as the in‐between generation representing the political dividing line between young and old. The dividing point is the birth year of 1973. Due to the considerable differences in the political climate during their formative years, those Gen Xers born before 1973 lean considerably more conservative and Republican than those born in 1973 and afterward.Fisher, Patrick. 2020. “Generational Replacement and the Impending Transformation of the American Electorate.” Politics & Policy 48(1): 38–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12340.Shaykhutdinov, Renat. 2019. “Socialization, Rationality, and Age: Generational Gaps and the Attitudes toward the Chechen War in Russia.” Politics & Policy 47(5): 931–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12323.Stockemer, Daniel. 2016. “Is the Turnout Function in Democracies and Nondemocracies Alike or Different?” Politics & Policy 44(5): 889–915. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12174. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractExploration of demographic variations is required to develop dynamic web platforms that cater to the varying preferences of diverse users. Hence, this study evaluated instructors’ demographic variations on a web-based platform for connecting with practitioners for student development. Both objective and subjective measures were adopted to investigate age- and gender-related differences in gaze behavior, task completion time, perceived cognitive load, perceived usability, and trust. Compared to male instructors, female instructors had higher fixation counts, longer task completion times, and statistically significant longer fixation duration. Female instructors gave higher usability and trust ratings but reported a higher cognitive workload. Compared to Generation Y instructors, Generation X instructors had longer fixation duration, higher fixation count, and statistically longer task completion time. Generation X instructors reported high cognitive load, lower usability, and trust ratings. The study also reveals demographic differences in parameters that instructors focused on while connecting with practitioners via a web platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the leading areas of Polish research addressed in the physical culture sciences, is the declining interest in physical activity. The likely reason for this situation may be the inadequate communication of physical culture to today's generations: BB (baby boomers), X (great unknowns), Y (millennials), Z (snowflakes), Alpha (digital). Therefore, the aim of this article is to address the problem of declining interest in physical activity in Poland by identifying the appropriate approach of teachers, trainers and instructors to today's generations. The specifics of BB, X, Y, Z and Alpha generations are described and their expectations regarding physical activity are indicated. It was concluded that activating these social groups should be done by prompting topics that are important to them. Thus, BB value organizational stability, X need to see the purposefulness and attractiveness of the activities, Y equate physical activity with personal development, Z only take up useful forms of activities, and finally Alpha like smart technology-assisted activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr Joseph H. Hancock, II celebrates Madonna as a fashion icon for Latin communities. He also celebrates that Fashion, Style & Popular Culture is now officially on EBSCOhost with the aid of Amy Rollason, Bethan Ball, James Campbell and Judith Schofield. The journal has become the primary source of fashion, style and popular culture on one of the most significant search engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade of the 20th Century, the rapid development of communication, electronics and information technology decisively impacted on parts of the generational Italian literature. In the first half of the decade, logos, brands, TV catchphrases, advertising jingles, TV theme songs and all TV narratives were assimilated by generational literature. In the second half of the decade, on the other hand, the extraliterary audiovisual narratives are no longer merely mentioned in the texts, but it is the text itself that mimics their times, spaces and contents, giving rise to a "televisualised" literature, as also recalled by Enrico Brizzi in 1999. In both cases, punctual references to slogans, television calambours, characterising idioms borrowed from the small screen can be easily found. They enter into the everyday «sound del parlato» while the generational literature mimics their narrative gestures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of the article is to study the generations that are actively participating in the tourism market at the moment and to examine their attitudes towards domestic tourism. The analyses of the generations’ domestic leisure tourism practices in Bulgaria include two-dimensional frequency distributions and statistical pair-wise hypothesis testing in order to clarify the exact differences amongst the generations studied. The study reveals that the youngest generations travel more than the elders. The top 3 ‘factors’ that burden the travelling intentions amongst the Bulgarians are: lack of financial resources, lack of enough free time and family reasons. The most significant reason for older generations not traveling is lack of enough money and for the younger is mix between lack of finance and lack of enough free time. The generations differ from each other in their travel preferences, behaviour, expectations. However, some similarities are observed between them. It is noteworthy that most respondents, regardless of the generation they belong to, have visited more summer seaside resorts than mountain winter resorts in the last five years.

Recently, full Poincaré beams (FPBs) with spatially variant polarization states spanning the entire surface of the Poincaré sphere have attracted considerable interests. Expanding the FPBs into an array way has the promising applications from multiparticle manipulation to optical communication. However, how to efficiently generate a high‐purity FPB array with intracavity method remains elusive. Here, a metasurface‐integrated degenerate cavity laser is proposed for efficient generation of 10 × 10 FPB array, where a pair of metasurfaces are adopted to independently modulate the circular polarization state while compensating the mode discrepancies within the cavity. Such a design strategy enables a self‐reproducing intracavity optical field, concurrently ensuring the stabilization of intracavity oscillation. It is numerically demonstrated that the purity of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the first‐order FPB array can approach to 92.89%, with a root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of polarization ellipse parameters below 8.17%. This work provides a compact and efficient design platform for the generation of a variety of vector beam arrays and may find promising applications in free space communication and multiple particle manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Gen-X filmmakers and stars, including reflections on middle age and handling aging. Topics include Nicole Holofcener's portrayal of upper-middle-class anomie in her latest film, "You Hurt My Feelings," the evolution of film and television in the digital age, and Arnold Schwarzenegger's podcast and recent public statements.

Online shopping has experienced rapid growth in the digital age, and understanding the factors influencing the adoption of online shopping by Generation X is becoming important for businesses such as e-commerce, marketers, and researchers. The purpose of the study was to understand the interaction between Perceived Behavioral Control and Personal Innovativeness in influencing the intention of online fashion shopping adoption in Generation X. This research is quantitative and qualitative, using the TAM approach. A sample of 50 Generation X men and women born between 1965 and the 1980s were users of online fashion shopping applications. Varibel X, there are 2 namely Perceived Behavioral Control and Personal Innovativeness. Variable Y, is the Intention to Use Online Fashion Shopping Apps. Data analysis uses simple correlation tests, and descriptive statistics such as mean, median, and standard deviation. Analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Data analysis includes validity and reliability tests. Instrument, descriptive analysis, and linear regression test to test the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Personal Innovativeness positively influences the Intention to Use Online Fashion Shopping. It was found that Perceived Ease of Use had a significant influence on Intention to Use Online Fashion Shopping. Perceived Usefulness also positively affects the Intention to Use Online Fashion Shopping. Research shows that the factors of the TAM approach, namely Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Personal Innovativeness, have an important role in influencing Generation X's intention to adopt Online Fashion Shopping. The research can also provide valuable insights for e-commerce companies and fashion industry players in developing and improving online shopping applications that are more attractive and easy to use for Generation X. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retirement village is increasingly accepted as a suitable living arrangement for older people post-retirement. Nevertheless, the specific design elements that should be included in the village to cater for the needs of elderly individuals in Malaysia remain unclear and open to interpretation. Thus, this research examines Generation X's expectations of the required features that a retirement village should have for more sustainable living. Generation X is selected as the case study as this generation will be the nearest generation that will be the occupant of the retirement village. In this quantitative study, the questionnaire survey method is utilised to investigate the correlation between two primary concepts: the design feature of retirement villages and their influence on the motivation to relocate to such communities. The factors are identified from the integrative literature review conducted. The structural equation model is used to verify if the retirement village design features can significantly influence Generation X's motivation to move into a retirement village in Malaysia. The retirement village posed three important design features: seniororiented basic settings, age-friendly social environment, and environmentally friendly design features. The outcome could guide stakeholders to view the retirement village concept based on the local context and set the stage for future research on age-friendly housing facilities for older individuals. However, the results derived from this [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The implementation of integrated corporate communications can be challenging for organizations owing to three main requirements: (i) genuinely committing with corporate social responsibility (CSR) beyond product profitability, (ii) effectively integrating the UN 2030 Agenda, and (iii) meeting the expectations of a wide variety of stakeholders, particularly those belonging to the younger generations. Generation Z is a particularly relevant generation marked by a context of ongoing technological, information, and social changes, as well as financial, pandemic, and war crises. The objective of this study is to analyze how the ethical, environmental, social, and labor responsibilities of the most reputed Spanish organizations are perceived by different generations, with a special focus on Generation Z. To do so, a nationwide survey was conducted among Spanish adults (N = 5,087) and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was applied to identify dissimilarities across generations. Findings show that Generation Z assesses CSR dimensions more positively than the other three generations. Also, women of the two older generations (Boomers and Generation X) assess CSR dimensions more positively than men, while there are no significant gender differences in Millennials and Generation Z. From a Generation Theory perspective, these findings represent a turning point in the theoretical rationale that correlates age with the acceptance of organizations' labor and social commitment. From a Stakeholder Theory perspective, since this study is conducted on the most reputed Spanish organizations, reputation can be hypothesized to be a mediating variable when it comes to engaging with younger generations within the integrated communication paradigm. Although it is important to note that our study did not investigate the underlying reasons for these differences in perception, our findings demonstrate that generational and gender differences in CSR perception exist and that companies should take this into account when developing and communicating their CSR programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergency department (ED) has increasingly become an important public health partner in non‐targeted hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and referral to care efforts. HCV has traditionally been an infection associated with the Baby Boomer generation; however, recent exacerbation of the opioid epidemic has resulted in a growing number of younger cohorts, namely Millennials, also impacted by HCV. Examination of this age‐related demographic shift, including subsequent linkage success and linkage barriers, from the perspective of an ED‐based testing and linkage programme may have implications for future population and health systems interventions. A retrospective descriptive chart review was performed, inclusive of data from August 2015 through December 2020. We compared the quantity of positive HCV screening antibody (Ab) and confirmatory (RNA) tests and further considered linkage rates and correlative demographics (e.g. gender, race). Patient barriers to HCV care linkage (e.g. substance misuse, lack of health insurance, homelessness) were also evaluated. The data set was disaggregated by birth cohort to include Silent Generation (SG) (1928–45), Baby Boomer (BB) (1946–64), Generation X (Gen X) (1965–80), Millennial (1981–96) and Generation Z (1997–2012). Descriptive statistics and chi‐square analysis were performed. Overall, 83,817 patients were tested for HCV (50.6% of eligible); 6187 (7.4%) were HCV Ab positive, and 2665 were HCV RNA positive (3.2%). RNA‐positive individuals were more likely to be white (70.4%) and male (67.7%); generational distribution was similar (BB 33.3%, Gen X 32.0% and Millennials 32.7%). Amongst Ab‐positive patients, white (45.5%), male (47.2%) and Millennial (49.7%) individuals were most likely to be RNA‐positive. Overall, 28.1% of the RNA‐positive cohort successfully linked to care; linkage to care rates were significantly higher in older generations (38.1% in BB vs. 17.8% in Millennials) (p <.00001). Over 90% were identified as having at least one linkage to care barrier. Younger generations (Gen X and Millennials) were disproportionately impacted by linkage barriers, including incarceration, lack of health insurance, history of mental health and substance use disorders, as well as history of or active injection drug use (IDU) (p <.00001). Older generations (SG and BB) were more likely to be impacted by competing medical comorbidities (p <.00001). The ED population represents a particularly vulnerable, at‐risk cohort with a high prevalence of HCV and linkage to care barriers. While past HCV‐specific recommendations and interventions have focused on Baby Boomers, this data suggests that younger generations, including Gen X and Millennials, are increasingly affected by HCV and face disparate social risk and social need factors which impede definitive care linkage and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this investigation was to study the effect of organizational competency development practices on turnover intentions and whether affective commitment explains this relationship. Another of the study's objectives was to test whether these relationships vary according to the generation to which the participant belongs. The study sample consisted of 2123 participants working in Portuguese organizations. The results indicate that organizational competency development practices (training, individualized support, and functional rotation) negatively and significantly affect turnover intentions and that affective commitment mediates this relationship. However, these relationships vary according to the participant's generation. For Generation Y and Generation X, this mediating effect is found in all dimensions of organizational competency development practices. For the baby boomer generation, there is only a mediating effect of affective commitment in the relationship between individualized support and turnover intentions. These results indicate that human resources should consider the generation to which the participant belongs when implementing competency development practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Not all tourists are aware of and able to support sustainable gastronomy; one factor influencing it is the age of tourists. Purpose: This research aims to determine the priority level of tourists' abilities based on age in supporting sustainable gastronomy. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to produce alternative priorities and criteria weights in determining the contribution of tourists in creating sustainable gastronomy. Findings/Result: The results showed that tourists' awareness and ability to support sustainable gastronomy differed from the age of tourists. Baby boomers can support sustainable gastronomy through the viability of local food products; Generation X can support sustainable gastronomy through the survival of local food production and business; Generation Y has the highest ability to support the diversity of local food products, while Generation Z has the highest awareness is in The transmission of culinary knowledge. Conclusion: The authenticity of gastronomic products and the welfare of the gastronomic business community will indirectly increase with the high awareness of tourists in their participation in creating sustainable gastronomy. Originality/value (State of the art): These potentials and opportunities show that each generation desires to participate in creating sustainable gastronomy following their respective roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ideological expectations from the right and the left saturate higher education. With public controversies detailing historic sexual abuse, research misconduct and plagiarism, how is the PhD positioned in a university sector losing its purpose, meaning and momentum? The doctorate is not only indicative, illustrative or representative of wider societal concerns, but also requires nuanced recognition of its distinctiveness from undergraduate degrees. This article activates a thought experiment to consider what is happening in international higher education, and how this history has been shaped and creased through the (post) pandemic environment. Uberfication is a provocative trope that enables the development of a generational modelling of our universities, spanning the baby boomers, Generation X, and millennials. With three generations circulating in higher education, can the assumptions and expectations be managed and aligned? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the next 15 years, the U.S commercial air carrier workforce will undergo a significant turnover of 50% due to mandatory retirements, normal attrition, and airline expansion, resulting in a younger emerging pilot workforce comprised of Generations Y and Z, following the retirement of Baby Boomer and Generation X pilots. This paper provides an overview of the emerging pilot workforce and an analysis of training methods that may be used to train this workforce, including emerging technologies and associated learning methods. Understanding effective training and checking methods for the emerging pilot workforce may help guide curriculum development and research efforts to examine new technologies' efficacy and potential limitations in civilian flight training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of the article is to study the generations that are actively participating in the tourism market at the moment and to examine their attitudes towards domestic tourism. The analyses of the generations’ domestic leisure tourism practices in Bulgaria include two-dimensional frequency distributions and statistical pair-wise hypothesis testing in order to clarify the exact differences amongst the generations studied. The study reveals that the youngest generations travel more than the elders. The top 3 ‘factors’ that burden the travelling intentions amongst the Bulgarians are: lack of financial resources, lack of enough free time and family reasons. The most significant reason for older generations not traveling is lack of enough money and for the younger is mix between lack of finance and lack of enough free time. The generations differ from each other in their travel preferences, behaviour, expectations. However, some similarities are observed between them. It is noteworthy that most respondents, regardless of the generation they belong to, have visited more summer seaside resorts than mountain winter resorts in the last five years [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the frequency of food intake as a source of dietary fibre and saturated fatty acid intake in terms of preventive health care for women and men of the baby boomer (BB), X, Y, and Z generations. Design/methodology/approach: The research instrument was a survey questionnaire administered through the computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI) method using Google Forms. The survey was conducted from February to March 2023. The survey included 204 respondents between the ages of 19 and 60, residents of Gdynia. Purposive group selection was used. The results of the survey are presented as the percentage distribution (percentage) of each evaluation (% of indications). A chi-square test with Yates correction was used to determine the effect of gender and age on lifestyle, dietary style and frequency of dietary fibre and saturated fatty acid intake in the study groups. Findings: Analysis of the consumption of selected food groups by respondents showed that gender and age influenced the lifestyle and type of selected food products consumed by adults, and therefore the attainment of individual nutrient requirements, and the risk of chronic non26 communicable diseases. It is satisfactory that the level of fat intake among the surveyed group of respondents was at an appropriately low level. On the other hand, the inadequate and very low intake of dietary fibre among women and men remains a concern. Research limitations/implications: The research has certain limitations. The results obtained are not representative and cannot be generalised to the population of women and men of the baby boomer (BB), X, Y and Z generations in Poland. Practical implications: The present study is part of health risk management and health promotion in the Polish population. It is important that adults (in Poland) pay attention to the impact of the products they consume on their health, since the lack of a balanced diet and an excessive supply of simple carbohydrates and saturated fatty acids carries a risk of reducing their quality of life. It is essential to conduct research monitoring the dietary behaviour of various population groups to evaluate the need for preventive actions to ensure health and better safeguard the mental and physical condition of current and future generations. Social implications: The research is part of health risk management and health promotion in the Polish population. Originality/value: The research adds to the knowledge of adult eating behaviour from the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health & Nursing Management / Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi is the property of Logos Medical Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The workplaces of the 21st Century are multi-generational, wherein employees of different generational groups—from experienced Baby Boomers to the new-bees Gen Z—work alongside. Entry of the youngest generation—Gen Z—into the workforce has challenged the dynamics of leading teams at workplaces. Literature has established consensus that employees of each generational group have unique expectations and preferences for leadership behaviour. However, it has not been addressed adequately, especially in the Indian context. Since work performance is impacted significantly by how a leader leads his/her team, we contribute to the existing body of knowledge by building upon the behavioural theory of leadership. We adopted qualitative research methodology to explore the leadership behaviour preferences of Indian Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z employees in a multi-generational work environment. Our findings provide ample evidence of both differences and similarities in the leadership behaviour preferences of the Indian Gen X, Gen Y and Gen Z employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the article is to answer the following questions: What are the problems faced by university managers responsible for managing multigenerational work teams? Is it possible, and if so, what are good practices in integrating the potential of multigenerational teams of employees? What is the overall assessment of multigenerational teams – do university executives see them as an opportunity or a burden? Research Design & Methods: Qualitative research in the form of a case study was carried out. This method included seven individual interviews with executives at the Faculty of Organization and Management at Lodz University of Technology. Findings: Executives at the selected university identify various types of problems in managing multigenerational teams, while recognising opportunities to integrate the potential inherent in age-diverse teams. Respondents are mostly positive about intergenerational teams, but they also note some difficulties for managers related to having a multigenerational team. Implications / Recommendations: The role of people responsible for leading multigenerational teams is becoming increasingly demanding. Striving to achieve equal involvement of representatives of all generations in the work is one of the most difficult challenges faced by university managers today. The effort, however, is worth making, as any diversity can positively influence the team and foster improvements in knowledge management. Contribution: The article adds to the characterisation of each generation of employees with aspects from a knowledge management perspective.

ObjectiveBeing bullied is a profoundly distressing experience for children and adolescents, with the potential for adverse mental and behavioral outcomes throughout their adult years. This study aims to explore the association between juvenile bullying, self-esteem, loneliness, and social media addiction among men across three generational cohorts: X, Y, and Z.MethodThe study utilized an online survey, administering structured questionnaires to 797 men aged 18–58 divided into three generational cohorts: 142 individuals from Gen X (born between 1965 and 1980), 275 from Gen Y (born between 1981 and 1996), and 380 from Gen Z (born between 1997 and 2005).ResultsThe findings demonstrate that across all three generations, there was a positive correlation between experiencing bullying in one’s youth and social media addiction in adulthood. Among Gen X, self-esteem did not act as a mediator in this relationship, nor did loneliness moderate the links between bullying and social media addiction, or between self-esteem and social media addiction. However, for Gen Y and Z, self-esteem was found to mediate the relationship between bullying and social media addiction. Loneliness moderated the association between self-esteem and social media addiction in Gen Y and the association between bullying and social media addiction in Gen Z.ConclusionThe differences observed among generational cohorts can be attributed to changes in masculinity norms, the evolution of bullying types, and the rapid development of social media platforms, catering to the distinct needs and gratifications of each generation.

One of the leading areas of Polish research addressed in the physical culture sciences, is the declining interest in physical activity. The likely reason for this situation may be the inadequate communication of physical culture to today's generations: BB (baby boomers), X (great unknowns), Y (millennials), Z (snowflakes), Alpha (digital). Therefore, the aim of this article is to address the problem of declining interest in physical activity in Poland by identifying the appropriate approach of teachers, trainers and instructors to today's generations. The specifics of BB, X, Y, Z and Alpha generations are described and their expectations regarding physical activity are indicated. It was concluded that activating these social groups should be done by prompting topics that are important to them. Thus, BB value organizational stability, X need to see the purposefulness and attractiveness of the activities, Y equate physical activity with personal development, Z only take up useful forms of activities, and finally Alpha like smart technology-assisted activities.

COVID-19, the most recent multi-dimensional global food crisis, challenged leadership and impacted individuals' personal networks. Two cross-sectional surveys were disseminated to women involved in their state's women's leadership committee to understand food waste behaviors. An egocentric network analysis was chosen as the methodology to better understand personal advice network characteristics and examine the impacts of Farm Bureau women's leadership committee members' advice networks on their food waste behavior. A multilevel model was conducted to identify factors related to respondents leading their network members toward positive food waste decisions. Independent variables included in the variables at the individual (e.g., each respondent's race, generation), dyadic (e.g., length respondent has known each member of her network), and network levels (e.g., proportion of the respondent's network that was female) were included in the model. Women were more likely to report connections with people they led to positive food waste behaviors and food security when: they had higher food waste sum scores, they were part of Generation X, the network member they led to more positive food waste behaviors was a friend, and if there were fewer women in their advice networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to identify the innovative leadership qualities of Generation X and Y nurses and explore factors affecting these qualities in both generations. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 324 teaching and research hospital nurses. Data were gathered using a Personal Information Form and the Innovative Leadership Scale from October 2021 to March 2022. Descriptive statistics were applied, followed by Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H tests, and multiple linear regression. Of the nurses, 34% were Generation X, while 66% were Generation Y. Both Generation X and Y nurses exhibited high scores of innovative leadership, with no significant difference in their overall scale scores. Generation X nurses scored higher on average in the subscales of being entrepreneur, motivating others, and being energetic. In contrast, Generation Y nurses excelled in being open to new ideas and being a chan-gemaker. The factors influencing nurses' innovative leadership qualities included their educational level, position, work clinic, clinical experience, shift type, and perception of themselves as leaders. These results suggest that nurses from both generations manifest differing innovative leadership qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every twenty years or so, a new generation emerges, in the sense of a large group of individuals with their own set of characteristics. And each generation is slightly different than the previous ones, and faces challenges in communicating with other generations. In this theoretical research, we analyze the various generations that exist, with a focus on their main characteristics, similarities and differences. There are six main generations, from the beginning of the 20th century (around 1920's till present day): (1) the mature generation; (2) baby boomers; (3) generation X; (4) generation Y; (5) generation Z and (5) generation Alpha. The purpose is to give a broad view about their main traits and recommendations about how to talk to each generation and we hope these ideas will help improve communication both at work, on a professional level and between generations, mainly on a personal level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a model of vertical competition two firms draw costly public signals that are informative about the quality of their products and then competitively set prices. When each firm generates information independently from the other, there will be overinvestment (underinvestment) in information generation if the market share of the quality follower in the subsequent market equilibrium is high (low). Moreover, information generation by one firm has a positive externality on the other firm. Hence, coordination (e.g., via industry associations) increases information generation. When product qualities are endogenous, information generation may prevent quality degradation and thus have an additional social benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Generational Theory, on the other hand, has been used uniformly in numerous studies without taking into account the historical, social, and cultural variations from one place to another. Because Generation X, and Millennials are currently the most significant generational cohorts for the employment market, this study aims to investigate from a historical perspective the fundamental and work value, leadership styles, and work attitudes of these generations, taking into account regional differences between the North America and European nations. The review indicates that an increasing number of studies have adopted the assumption that, regardless differences in social and economic situations of different nations, generational cohorts have the same patterns and biases. The research conducted in this article contributes to enhancing the approach of generational theory in organizational behaviors studies and highlighting the idea of stark disparities across various areas and nations based on various historical occurrences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long before X-men, X-Factor, Apple OS X, Netflix, Xbox, and SpaceX, the letter X was already a fascinating and potent character. It primarily represents the unknown, a trait it shares with photography. From cameras (Pentax) and film (Tri-X) to x-rays, xerography, crossing out and thus rejecting undesirable images, posing for photographs with our legs crossed, and more. It even refers to Generation X (of which I am part), a phrase coined by none other than Robert Capa, famed photojournalist and founder of Magnum Photos. This project focuses on the complex relationships between the letter X, artists' bodies, frames, and processes involved in making art using photographs and/or tools of photography. In a nod to the roman numeral X, I chose ten works from the collection of the Archives of American Art that feature literal or conceptual X's. I created new X-forms through collaboration, elimination, and transformation. These are hybrid works, unspecified things, objects that one need not give a specific name. They are artistic pseudonyms for 'things' that wish to remain unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the differences in commitment to organizations between Generation X and Generation Y. The research suggests that Generation Y tends to have higher levels of commitment due to their openness to participation in decision-making and their value of flexibility, innovation, and opportunities for development. In contrast, Generation X may have lower expectations and be more skeptical, which affects their level of commitment. The article recommends that organizations implement broader empowerment practices for Generation Y and clarify organizational values for Generation X to increase commitment and overall organizational performance. It also highlights the distinct characteristics of Generation Y, such as their prioritization of work-life balance and desire for work with personal value, as well as the skepticism and testing behavior of Generation X. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing these generational differences in order to create effective human resource management strategies. [Extracted from the article]