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Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University / Gazi Osman Pasa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Gaziosmanpasa University, Agricultural Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The tribe Dacini, within the sub-family Dacinae of the Tephritidae family, includes major fruit flies within the genera Zeugodacus, Bactrocera, and Dacus. The Bactrocera spp., which were previously grouped into subgenera Zeugodacus and Bactrocera, have been treated as separate genera in recent years. These dacine flies are widely spread in fruits and vegetables. The first dacine fruit fly, i.e. D. (Callantra) nepalensis reported in 1964 from Nepal is still a holotype. Altogether, 27 species have been reported in Nepal from three genera-Dacus (6), Zeugodacus (8), and Bactrocera (13), of which 10 species are attracted to cue-lure, 7 species to methyl eugenol, 2 species to zingerone, 1 species to lati-lure and 5 species to more than one lure, while lure for 2 species are unknown. Among them, 7 species are oligophagous pests, 6 species are polyphagous pests, and the pest status of 14 species is unknown. Fruit fly infestation and damage have been recorded in different crops such as; 5 species on cucurbits, 2 species on different fruits, 4 species on different fruits and vegetables, 1 species on citrus fruits, and 1 species on solanaceous vegetables. Three species; Z. cucurbitae, Z. tau, and B. minax, have been recorded from infested fruit cultures of cucurbits and sweet orange too. However, pest status, preferred hosts, and biology of many species remain yet to be explored and reported from Nepal. Further studies are necessary focusing on fruit fly species of economic importance concerning host preference for developing appropriate management strategy. Efforts are needed to identify the fruit fly species that inflict actual damage to the hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grapevine phenology is concerned with the periodic phenomenon of the vine growing cycle from bud-burst to harvest, passing several development stages. The aim of the study was to evaluate the growing degree days (GDDs) or heat units and to find the correlation between GDDs and phenological and technological characteristics of the red wine grapevine variety Kallmet in two different altitude locations of Albania. The study was carried out during three consecutive years, 2019 - 2021, in two vineyards located in Naraç, Vau i Dejes, (13 m elevation, and 41°58'57"N and 19°38'3"E), and Nderfushaz, Mirdite, (553 m elevation, 41°47'9"N and 19°52'48"E) with representative samples that were constituted by 10 vines, chosen randomly on each vineyard. Vines were labelled with unmoved tags throughout the study period. Observation and evaluation of the Kallmet grapevine phenology was based on the occurrence dates of the main phenological stages according to Eichhorn-Lorenz modified system of phenological stages: Bud burst (B) (5), Full flowering (F) (23), Veraison (V) (35), and Harvest (grape maturity) (H) (38), and then was calculated the number of days and GDDs of the periods S-F, F-V, V-M, and S-M. The total soluble solids content (TSS, oBrix), pH and titratable acidity (TA) of the must of grape were measured and analysed at harvest, using standard methods defined by the International Organization of Vine and Wine. TSSs were measured using a digital refractometer (Atago-Pal-3), titratable acidity (g L-1 tartaric acid) was determined by acid neutralization method with 0.1M NaOH solution; and pH value of grape juice and wine was determined with a pH meter (Hanna HI2211). The alcohol fraction for volume of the wine was determined using a wine hydrometer and the total anthocyanin content was determined using bisulphate bleaching method. There was observed that Kallmets phenological cycle varied according to the elevation and GDDs completed for each location. The bud burst, full flowering, and veraison of Kallmet occurred 6 days earlier in Naraç, because of greater GDDs, providing an advance in grape maturity by 8 days, showing also differences in the TSS, pH and TA of the must and wine. Given the present and possible future changes in the global climate, there is a need to find new strategies and new vineyard variety structure for the viticulture development in specific locations of Albania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatic injury is a common presentation of chronic alcohol intake. Alcohol liver diseases lead to a spectrum of diseases, including fatty liver, hepatitis and cirrhosis. Currently, no ideal treatment is available for this condition. Natural products and their derivatives are considered promising hepatoprotective agents. Mushrooms are considered a delicacy and rich source of bioactive compounds. Hence, we examined the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous ethanolic extracts of an edible mushroom, Hypsizygus ulmarius and its cultured mycelia. Hepatic damages were induced by oral administration of ethanol (36%, 2 mL/ 100 g body weight) for 30 days. Silymarin (100 mg/Kg body weight) was used as a standard reference drug. Administration of ethanol significantly elevated serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. Treatment with the bioactive extracts of fruiting bodies and cultured mycelia significantly down-regulated activities of liver injury maker enzymes and elevated activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, and reduced the level of malondialdehyde in hepatic tissue. Histopathological observations of hepatic tissue, such as reduction in centrilobular necrosis, fatty infiltration and lymphocytic infiltration, also supported the protective effect of the extracts. The results thus indicated that bioactive extracts of H. ulmarius and its mycelia possessed a significant protective effect against alcohol-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats. The findings suggested the potential therapeutic use of this edible mushroom for ameliorating alcohol-induced liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botrytis cinerea, a causal agent of gray mold disease, is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens that leads to substantial global economic crop losses, especially for tomato plants. The present study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of two microbial culture filtrates (BCA filtrate alone and combined with salicylic acid) of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Pseudomonas sp. against the phytopathogenic fungus B. cinerea on tomato plants. The biochemical modifications, gray mold disease incidence, and fruit quality parameters of the tomatoes were determined according to tested treatments. The results showed that both fungi and bacteria were able to solubilize phosphate and produce IAA and HCN. T. longibrachiatum could produce hydrolytic enzymes (chitinase, protease, and glucanase). Otherwise, Pseudomonas sp. showed the capacity to produce catalase and amylase enzymes. Both microbial culture filtrates inhibited the hyphae growth of B. cinerea. The biocontrol efficacy, in vitro, was significant: up to 50% in terms of the growth inhibition rate at a concentration of 40%. The tomato seedlings' growth was promoted by the separate preventive treatments of each micro-organism culture filtrate. In addition, disease severity in the tomato seedlings and fruit was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the combined treatment of tomato fruit with culture filtrates and salicylic acid induced significant biochemical and physiological changes in fruit firmness, juice yield, total protein, and ROS enzyme activities. The culture filtrates of T. longibrachiatum and Pseudomonas sp. can be recommended as an effective microbial biofungicide to control gray mold disease under storage conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of an apple fruit cell culture biomass as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and intended as an ingredient for food supplements in adults. The cells have been sourced from the callus grown on a piece of apple placed on a solid medium under sterile conditions. The de‐differentiated apple cells are then cultivated in liquid medium. The medium contains sucrose, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and the two synthetic plant hormone analogues, benzylaminopurine (< 0.1 mg/kg) and 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (< 0.25 mg/kg). These plant hormones are regulated under the EU pesticide legislation and their residue levels in the NF are in compliance with the EU maximum residue levels. The main components of the NF are carbohydrates (including sugars and non‐digestible carbohydrates), ash, proteins and smaller amounts of fatty acids and organic acids. Except for the amount of total fat and the organic acids (succinic and l‐malic acid), the quantities of the compositional parameters of the NF and apple have little in common. The Panel considers that a provided subchronic toxicity study was not needed to establish the safety of this NF, when taking into account the source of the NF, i.e. apples, the production process, the low intended use level and the composition of the NF, despite the noted differences to apple. The Panel considers that the NF contains proteins, which were not detected in apple and which may be allergenic. The Panel concludes that the NF, an apple fruit cell culture biomass, is safe under the proposed conditions of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mepanipyrim and cyprodinil are widely used to control and/or prevent fungal diseases in fruit culture. They are frequently detected in the aquatic environment and some food commodities. Different from TCDD, mepanipyrim and cyprodinil are more easily metabolised in the environments. However, the risk of their metabolites to the ecological environment is unclear and needs to be further confirmed. In this study, we investigated the temporal pattern of mepanipyrim- and cyprodinil-induced CYP1A and AhR2 expression and EROD enzyme activity at different time frames during zebrafish embryonic and larval development. Then, we assessed the ecological risk of mepanipyrim, cyprodinil, and their metabolites to aquatic organisms. Our results showed that mepanipyrim and cyprodinil exposure could increase the expression level of cyp1a and ahr2 genes and EROD activity by a dynamic pattern in different developmental stages of zebrafish. Besides, their several metabolites showed strong AhR agonistic activity. Importantly, these metabolites could cause potential ecological risks to aquatic organisms and should be paid more attention to. Our results would provide an important reference value for environmental pollution control and the use management of mepanipyrim and cyprodinil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pomegranate is one of the popular fruits in Asian culture. Pomegranate has many pharmaceutical applications in folklore medicine. In the present study, the extract of the dried peel of pomegranate was used as a reducing agent for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Various chemical methods such as FE‐SEM, XRD, and FT‐IR were used to characterize AgNPs. The results of XRD showed 45.55 nm for the crystal size of AgNPs. A spherical morphology was confirmed for the nanoparticles using FE‐SEM images with an average size of 63.15 nm the nanoparticles. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with AgNPs were assessed by MTT assay for 48 h about the cytotoxicity and anti‐human esophageal cancer properties on normal (HUVEC) and esophageal cancer cell lines i. e. KYSE‐30, KYSE‐50, KYSE‐70, KYSE‐110, KYSE‐270, OE33, ESO26 and FLO‐1. The IC50s of AgNPs were 487, 500, 435, 461, 285, 338, 253 and 288 μg/mL against KYSE‐30, KYSE‐50, KYSE‐70, KYSE‐110, KYSE‐270, OE33, ESO26 and FLO‐1 cell lines, respectively. The viability of malignant esophageal cell lines reduced dose‐dependently in the presence of AgNPs. It seems that the anti‐human esophageal cancer effect of recent nanoparticles is due to their antioxidant effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lemon is one of the most significant crops globally, with annual production exceeding 20.8 million tons in 2021. Spain leads the production in Europe with over 62% of lemon production (1.17 million tons in 2021). This study evaluated the real impact of cultivation conditions (rootstock and culture medium) on the compositional characteristics of 'Verna' lemons (peel and juice) using 1H-MNR metabolomic identification techniques and multivariate analyses. Twenty metabolites were identified in both the peel and juice samples. Arginine, phenylalanine, ethanol, and trigonelline were absent in the peel samples but present in all the juice. On the other hand, the metabolites asparagine, glutamate, formate, and malate were present in the peel samples but absent in the juice. The analysis of the results indicates that the rootstock had a significant impact on the metabolites related to the energy metabolism of the plant, which directly affects the development of fruits and the influence of the culture conditions (rootstock and culture medium) on the plant's adaptive response and modification of metabolic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth characteristics of P. peltatum suspension cell culture and the accumulation dynamics of phenolic compounds at different stages of cultivation were studied to assess the possibility of obtaining podophyllotoxin required to produce etoposide. It was shown that the biomass of fruit culture increased daily by 25%; of leaf bud, 23%; and of root, 13%. The biomasses of fruit and leaf bud cultures doubled in 3 d; of root culture, in 5 d. Cells obtained from fruit, buds, and roots used 18, 24, and 22% of the substrate for biomass formation and 82, 76, and 78%, respectively, for respiration. The initial acidity of the liquid nutrient medium was 5.58 ± 0.05. The pH of the suspension culture decreased by 5 d to 3.51 – 4.13, then rose and reached approximately the acidity values of the pure growth medium without inoculum in the bud, fruit, and root cultures by 20, 25, and 40 d, respectively. Then, the pH increased in suspension cultures of bud and fruit and decreased in suspension culture of root. Flavonoid and gallic acid derivatives were identified in all extracts. It was shown that a 10 – 15-day cell culture of P. peltatum obtained at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants could be considered an alternative source of podophyllotoxin and a source of a complex extract of phenolic compounds with antitumor activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türük: International Language Literature & Folklore Researches Journal / Uluslararası Dil Edebiyat Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Cultivated Plants / Journal für Kulturpflanzen is the property of Verlag Eugen Ulmer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The spotted‐wing vinegar fly (Drosophila suzukii) is currently one of the most serious, invasive pest of berry crops worldwide. Most drosophilids are known to be attracted to fermentation volatiles produced by fruit epiphytic yeasts. Therefore, vinegar and wine baits are widely used in field trapping. However, these traps are not selective for spotted‐wing drosophila. We wished to exploit the previously discovered tight‐knit relationship between this vinegar fly and a fruit‐colonizing yeast, Hanseniaspora uvarum, and utilize this in the design of a selective lure. Field trapping experiments were carried out in a commercial cherry orchard to evaluate the attractiveness of bottle traps baited with liquid culture of four epiphytic yeast species on stone fruits and soft‐skinned fruits: H. uvarum, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia terricola and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as the mixed culture of the first two species. We also completed experiments using apple juice inoculated with H. uvarum. We compared the attractivity of yeast culture baits for D. suzukii and other drosophilids with that of apple cider vinegar. To explore the relationship between lure volatile emission and trap efficiency, solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) was used to measure the headspace of the freshly prepared and 3‐day‐old lures collected from the field. Headspace samples were analysed for their volatilome with gas chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy. The H. uvarum‐containing lures were more specific for D. suzukii than other yeast tested, and the attractivity was significantly higher if it was inoculated in apple juice. H. uvarum‐fermented apple juice lures were more specific for female D. suzukii than the traditional apple cider vinegar lures. Winter‐morph females showed an altered preference for yeast volatiles in the absence of fruit substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Research of the University of Quindio / Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindio is the property of Journal of Research of the University of Quindio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extracellular laccase isozyme (FvLcc3) from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes was found to be undetectable under the culture condition for fruiting body formation. FvLcc3 was purified and determined to be an approximately 53-kDa monomeric protein. FvLcc3 showed the highest catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward 2,2-azino-bis )3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) followed by 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and guaiacol and did not oxidize 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular and widely consumed vegetables worldwide. However, tomato fruits are of a highly perishable nature, with a short shelf life of between 12 to 72 hours. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of fungal endophytes in shelf-life extension of tomato fruits. Fungal endophytes were isolated from healthy leaves and fruits of tomato and identified. Shelf life extension of the tomato fruits was carried out by soaking the fruits in the broth cultures of the test endophytes for an hour. The control treatment was soaked in sterile distilled water. The isolated fungal endophytes were identified as Aspergillus ochraceus (from fruit) and Aspergillus niger (from leave). The results obtained show that the endophytes have potential in shelf life extension of the treated fruits. At day 2, all the fruits treated with the test endophytes were very marketable compared to the control that had 66.6 % moderately marketable and 33.3 % of the fruits marketable. At day 4, all (100 %) of the fruits treated with Aspergillus niger were very marketable and very firm compared to the other treatments. The findings from this study suggest that the isolated endophytes have potential in the shelf life extension of tomato fruits. Sample B (Aspergillus niger) seems to be more effective than Sample A (Aspergillus ochraceus) in extending the shelf life of the fruits. The mode of action of the test endopohytes should be further investigated. Quality and safety assessment of fruits preserved using endophytes should be further investigated. Future research should aim at extracting bioactive compounds from endophytes that can be used in shelf life extension of fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientia Agraria Paranaensis is the property of Revista Scientia Agraria Paranaensis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

TV soap operas are disdained by the elite class in modern society, but some of them are much welcomed by ordinary people. Oshin, a 1983 Japanese serialized morning television drama, captivated both audiences. This series reflects both social transformation and prevailing norms. It also actively participates in the creation of a new social atmosphere and a new concept of womanhood. The characterization of the central heroes and heroines in this series convey the writer's ideals and anticipation. Through her actions and her demeanor, the eponymous Oshin opens up a new path toward emancipation and a new image of women. To some extent, she shapes her world and that of others. The emergence of thousands of businesswomen has both echoed and responded to this popular, rags‐to‐riches story. This explains why Oshin has met worldwide acclaim. Oshin bravely pursues her personal independence, freedom, and happiness, but she also cares about others and always puts others first. She fights against patriarchy, but she respects men and treats them as partners rather than rivals. She is the integration of Western and Eastern culture and a fruit of the Second Enlightenment. She catches the essence of dao, whose wisdom lies in synthesizing and harmonizing seeming opposites in order to resolve predicaments and move forward. As we face an increasingly severe ecological crisis, such wisdom is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the reasons limiting the apricot expansion in the world is the short period of winter dormancy in the plants and the rapid development of generative buds in the spring. Apricot flower buds often die even after small spring return frosts that limit the commercial culture of this fruit crop. The aim of this investigation was to study collection-breeding plantations and select frost-resistant genotypes that have promise for commercial and breeding use. To solve this problem, the frost resistance of generative buds in 50 apricot cultivars and the breeding forms of various origins were studied by freezing treatments of the branches in a climatic chamber. The Czech cultivar 'Leala' was selected due to its best frost resistance. In late winter 2020-2021, six cultivars and breeding forms, which kept 41.8 to 65.9% of the generative buds alive, were identified. These genotypes are characterised by a slow development that prevents any negative freezing temperature effects. Thus, the results of the study confirmed the dependence of the adaptation mechanisms in apricot plants on the rates of their morphogenesis and abiotic factor pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit peels are usually disposed of or treated as fertilizer. The peel, however, contains rich nutrients that can be used as a medium for growing microbes. Conventional culture medium is widely used for growing microbes, but the cost is very high and it is not suitable to produce cyanobacterium-based biofuel, biomass, and in other applications. Therefore, this study explores the potential for using fruit peels as a culture medium for Anabaena cylindrica. The fruit peels were dried, homogenized, and filtered to make different concentrations of fruit peel media (5%, 10% and 20%). For comparison, BG-11 medium acted as a positive control whereas deionized water serves as a negative control in this experiment. Growth of A. cylindrica in different types of media was analyzed after cell counting using a hemacytometer and biomass measuring. The cyanobacterial growth rate and biomass production were recorded in different types of fruit peel media with different concentrations. A. cylindrica have greater biomass yield when growing in 20% papaya peel medium and a higher growth rate when growing in 10% pineapple peel media compared to that growing in the BG-11 medium. In other words, the fruit peel media have more potential in growing cyanobacteria than conventional medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Soil fertility and nutritional imbalance are among the main limitations in banana production. The present study aimed to diagnose soil fertility and nutrition of bananas trees cultivated in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Leaf and soil samples were collected, and banana yield was quantified in 2018 and 2019 in 53 orchards in the regions of ‘Vale do Itajaí’ and northern coast of Santa Catarina. Although orchards had satisfactory yield (42 t /ha/year), limitations related to soil fertility and banana crop nutrition were evident. The observed yield is 59.6 % of its full potential. Liming is still recurrent, mainly before orchard establishment. Fertilizer application is widespread, but in many cases, doses are overestimated. Ca, Zn, Cu, and B contents increased in leaves emitted in periods of higher soil water availability and higher temperatures. The results highlight the influence of weather conditions on the supply of these nutrients to banana plants. Nutritional factors are the main limiting factors in banana production in the state of Santa Catarina, compared to non-nutritional factors.

Copyright of Journal of Food Science & Technology (2008-8787) is the property of Tarbiat Modares University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The motif of the folktale is essentially the smallest and striking elements of narrative content with the ability to endure in tradition. It is divided into three categories: actor, item and single incident. These categories become the foundation that supports the built of the original motif-index of folk literature by Stith Thompson. Nevertheless, the index, as an analysis tool, was developed based on an analysis conducted on mostly European folk literature (folktale inclusive). It is a question dawned on the researcher regarding the applicability of the universal motifs and sub-motifs listed in the index on Malaysian folktales considering such local folktales were not involved in the making of the index many moons ago. Therefore, the study seeks to understand the applicability of the original motif-index in the local folktales’ context. The qualitative text analysis method was mainly employed in Atlas.ti, a computer-aided qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) to propel the study in understanding the scenario stated. Being the heart of the article, it is found that the original motif-index is indeed applicable in the local folktales’ context to a certain extent. Inopportunely, not all the universal motifs from the index exist in the local folktales. The applicability and dispersion of the motif classes’ weight which leans toward the D. Magic class, is heavily influenced by the differences between the local and the European cultures because truly what is folktale if not a fruit of a unique culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity of fruits existing in the Amazon region has been extensively explored by local agroindustry, causing an increase in the volume of agro‐industrial wastes and generating the need to create ways not yet applied to use these materials as alternatives for their management. Using four different wastes from the Amazon fruit industry (Acerola fruit bagasse, Pupunha peels, and clusters and mango peels) the technological potential production of glucose and ethanol was investigated in a lab‐scale. An experimental design Type 22 was conducted to evaluate pretreatment with H2SO4 1%, ranging time (30–90 min), and a load of solids (5%–15%). The pretreated material was hydrolyzed with 15 FPU/g of Celluclast 1.5L from Trichoderma reesei and hydrolysates were fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yields of ethanol and glucose were analyzed by HPLC. The wastes demonstrate the amount of lignocellulose ranging from 34.24 to 76.87%. Celluclast 1.5L was able to hydrolyze and produce glucose, ranging 0.78–1.95 g/L for acerola bagasse, 0.41–1.65 g/L for pupunha cluster, 2.56–4.50 g/L for the mango peel, and 0.55–1.09 g/L for the pupunha peel. Ethanol concentrations reached were 3.5–4.6 g/L, with 90.01 g ethanol/g glucose for the percentage of the theoretical maximum ethanol yield. The best results were obtained for mango peels waste for most fermentation parameters. Practical Applications: Wastes of the Amazonian fruit culture demonstrate the presence of a large quantity of lignocellulosic material, which can be used in the production of value‐added products like glucose and ethanol. In this study, the pretreatment of the wastes with diluted sulfuric acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of the resulting material was conducted to evaluate the potential for glucose release and ethanol production from Amazonian waste. The studies will be useful for fruit waste management in northern of Brazil and adding value to the supply chain of the fruits involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mundo Amazónico is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract In Brazil, the cultivation of pecan trees has substantially increased in the last years, thus requiring the development of scientific research and technologies to improve it. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the tipping off effect associated with the use of biofertilizer in the growth of newly implanted plants in their final site. The treatments consisted of : control; application of “supermagro” biofertilizer; tipping off of plants, and tipping off associated with the use of biofertilizer. The variables evaluated were: plant height; plant growth rate; stem thickness; number of leaves, and number of leaves/stem height ratio. In addition, leaf nutrient content analysis was performed. Tipping off and the use of biofertilizer provide greater growth of the plant height and cultivar scion diameter after sprouting. Thus, tipping off associated with biofertilizer can be used in the early phase of the pecan orchard implantation to provide the best plant development.

Copyright of Nature & Conservation is the property of CBPC - Companhia Brasileira de Producao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Global Science & Technology is the property of Global Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Commercial companies have focused on clonal rootstocks free of diseases and been propagated through tissue culture for fruit seedling production lately to obtain products with higher quality and quantity. Two important stages in tissue culture are surface sterilization and in vitro culturing of the explants to be micro-propagated. Because prunus varieties which sources of explants are grown on open lands, contamination risk is higher. This study has been conducted to minimize the contamination of DO1 (Prunus domestica) explants by microorganisms as prunus rootstock for micropropagation. Several concentrations and application durations of 4 different sterilization agents (HgCl2, NaClO, H2O2, and AgNO3) have been applied on the axillary buds taken from the rootstock for surface sterilization. Then, the explants have been transferred to MS nutrient media and the number of the aseptic explants was determined. Shoot and leaf regeneration have been observed on the aseptic explants 40 days after the application. While the highest aseptic explant rate (91%) was achieved with 2% NaClO application in 15 minutes, the lowest aseptic explant rate (23.33%) was achieved with 0.5% HgCl2 application in ten days. Finally, the lowest contamination rate was observed in NaClO applications (18.34%) and the highest contamination rate was observed in HgCl2 applications among the sterilization agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blueberry is an important commodity in Washington State, which was one of the leading blueberry producers in the United States. As a ready-to-eat fruit, blueberry has no or limited post-harvest processing, highlighting an imperative need to evaluate its microbial safety during pre-harvest practice. This study accessed the microbiological safety of blueberry produced in a commercial blueberry field applied with or without manure-derived ammonium sulfate (AS) fertilizer in a 2-year study. Indicator microorganisms of total coliforms and generic E. coli , Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella , and Listeria monocytogenes were monitored in fertilizer, soil, foliar, and blueberry fruit samples by culture methods for each production season. The population of total coliforms in soils was 3.17–3.82 Log10 CFU/g, which was stable throughout the production season and similar between two cropping seasons. Generic E. coli in soils remained at very low levels throughout the 2018 production season. Total coliforms or generic E. coli was not detected in fertilizer, foliar, and blueberry fruit samples collected in both 2017 and 2018 production seasons. STEC and L. monocytogenes were below the detection limit in fertilizer, soil, foliar, and blueberry fruit samples collected in both production seasons. Salmonella was not detected except for soil samples collected pre- and post-fertilizer application in the 2018 cropping season. Collectively, data indicated, under good agricultural practices, blueberry fruits produced in the field with or without manure-derived AS fertilizers had no microbiological safety concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biological Resources & Nature Management is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first record of Conotelus luteicornis Erichson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) was made in a commercial passion fruit vine planting in the municipality of Senador Guiomard, Acre state, Brazil. The insects were found inside the flowers where larvae and adults feed, causing early abortion and, consequently, losses in production. Therefore, the first record of this species is made in the Brazilian Amazon. Researches related to damage level, population dynamics, prospecting for natural enemies, and control methods are strongly recommended since this nitidulid is an insect with high harmful potential to the passion fruit vine culture in the Amazon region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assortment of ready-to-eat extruded products and the chemical composition of their ingredients according to the complex of basic and biologically active substances have been analyzed. The feasibility of developing new formulations of extruded breakfast cereals using non-traditional nut-bearing raw materials by means of adjusting the composition and types of leguminous and fruit components has been substantiated. The technology of multicomponent dry breakfast cereals based on wild nut-bearing raw materials of Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine, as well as cultivated types of plant crops, has been developed. The process of extrusion is improved through the use of CO2 with partial extraction of the lipid components of the raw materials. The composition of the six introduced formulations of dry breakfast cereals is substantiated by predictive forecasting of biological activity and preservation ability of the main food components after technological processing and storage of the extrudates. An increased nutritional value and a decrease in amino acids limiting the biological value of their proteins in formulations with leguminous, nut-bearing and fruit-grain components are established (formulations 1–3 − reduction in lysine deficiency by 18–26%, for methionine and cystine by 12–21%; formulations 4–6 − for lysine by 22–29%, leucine and valine by 17–36%). The absence of toxic effects and the increase in the integral biological activity of the Stylonichia mytilus test-culture in terms of its survivability by 18–31% for the developed formulations, compared with traditional extrudates, are shown. The antioxidant activity of the samples, determined volumetrically by the intensity of the isopropylbenzene oxidation, made it possible to establish the oxidation induction period and the concentration of antioxidants. According to the obtained results, the guaranteed shelf life of the developed types of dry breakfast cereals that meet safety requirements can be prolonged by 24–39% compared with the control, and the introduction of secondary raw materials to the formulations can improve technical-and-economic indicators. The nutritional and biological value, organoleptic and structural-mechanical properties, as well as the biological activity of the products developed, allow us to recommend introducing them into production.

The establishment of a modern fruit culture in developing countries requests an accurate evaluation of the preexisting germplasm and its health status. This to prevent the possibility to introduce new germplasm which can be easily prey of the endemic diseases carried by asymptomatic host plants. Therefore, after the identification of cases of citrus plants affected by Tristeza virus, a survey of the germplasm cultivated in the Nangarhar valley and some nearby regions was run. The survey was focused on the identification of the main Citrus species widely cultivated using barcoding analysis of conserved sequences located in the plastid DNA. The sequence of matK and rbcl genes did not show any discriminatory ability while the analysis of the the non-coding psbA-trnH intergenic spacer (psbA-trnH) showed a robust single nucleotide polymorphism (sNP) discriminating C. aurantium from C. sinensis in all analysed samples. These non-coding regions have no known function; thus, much of the variation may result from the spread of mutations unconstrained by selection. Because nucleotide variation in the psbA-trnH spacer region is high, mutational hot spots maybe useful to detect species-level variations. According to our study, the afghan citrus germplasm belong to the C. aurantium species which is commonly used in citrus culture as a rootstock. In Afghanistan it is widely cultivated for fresh consumption, without topworking with selected varieties and this may be the reason why symptoms are often mild and cultivation can be anyhow carried on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]