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Rail accidents have decreased in recent years, although not significantly if measured by train accidents recorded in the last six years. Therefore, it is essential to identify weaknesses in the implementation of security and prevention systems. This research aims to study the trend and classification of railway accidents, as well as analyze public databases. Using the business management method of benchmarking, descriptive statistics, and a novel approach to the Ishikawa diagram, this study demonstrates best practices and strategies to reduce accidents. Unlike previous studies, this research specifically examines public databases and provides a framework for developing the standardization of railway accident causes and recommendations. The main conclusion is that the proposed classification of railway accident causes, and its associated database, ensures that agencies, researchers, and the government have accessible, easily linkable, and usable data references to enhance their analysis and support the continued reduction of accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, additive manufacturing has been widely used in industrial, medical, and educational fields. Material extrusion is used in most industries to increase development efficiency and reduce costs. This study used the material extrusion to discuss the print quality of additive manufacturing and optimized the processing parameters based on material properties. Based on the literature, this study summarized the fishbone diagram influencing printing quality. The layer height, nozzle temperature, printing speed, infill pattern, and filling spacing were selected as the control factors of the Taguchi method. An orthogonal array L16 was used for parameter design. The optimal parameters were analyzed using the variance and the response surface method. The results of the study are as follows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze the interactions between economic and sustainable development elements in the context of remanufacturing in India. Design/methodology/approach: To comprehend the hierarchical and contextual link among factors impacting remanufacturing in India, the study used interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methodologies. Findings: The integrated ISM-DEMATEL approach identifies optimal utilization of the resources as the most crucial factor influencing remanufacturing in India, followed by reducing landfills, conserving energy and low cost. The study also reveals that optimal utilization of resources, reduction of landfills, conservation of energy and incorporated advanced technology impacts most of the factors but get affected by a few factors. Practical implications: Industry practitioners and policymakers should consider the remanufacturing process to achieve sustainable and economic development. The government and other stakeholders can use the ISM framework and cause-and-effect diagram to classify the impact factors and their impact on the Indian economy and environment. Social implications: This study supports the process to save the landfills and curbing pollution, conserve energy and optimize utilization of the resources, generate employment and supporting the development of the economy. Remanufacturing will undoubtedly contribute to the development of an environment and economy in India that benefits both. Originality/value: ISM and DEMATELs strategy offers a tiered model and a cause-and-effect relationship between the variables affecting remanufacturing in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key element of any quality management system is continuous improvement and a systematic approach to managing non-conformances. The aim of this paper is to use selected statistical methods and quality control techniques to present a way in which an organisation can achieve quality improvement. The 8D methodology was used to solve the observed front grid problem on the bumper of a Porsche Cayenne using a structured eightstep Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach to problem solving. As this was an important customer originating from Dubai, it was imperative to immediately start solving the issue that arose with the ACC grid on the front bumper, the problem identified was an existing cut-out in the radar grid. Using the 8D methodology and supporting tools such as the Ishikawa diagram or 5Why, the root cause of the problem was identified and permanent corrective actions were planned and implemented as recommended in the 8D report to reduce the likelihood of the problem recurring and increase customer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study outlines the application of the Six Sigma methodology to rectify oil seal leaks in an automobile company's hollow drive shafts. Persistent issues with oil seepage through the shaft's oil seal led to clutch malfunctions, power failures, and subsequent breakdowns, resulting in high warranty costs, which negatively impacted the status of a firm in the market and the level of fulfillment experienced by its clients. Projects are crucial for translating an organization's strategic goals into achievable outcomes, serving as the cornerstone of success. We implemented a quality-driven effort using Six Sigma and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) to foster a culture of continuous improvement. Utilizing the procedures-oriented DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Verify) technique, the oil seal leakage issue was addressed and resolved successfully from the gearbox. The Pugh matrix was used to choose a new design from various alternatives, a KANO model to evaluate customer demands, and a cause-and-effect diagram to analyze possible failure situations. The overall aim was to determine the failure situations that were most likely to occur. Through its deployment, we intended to improve both the product's dependability and the production process's efficiency. Following the design improvements, the defects observed in the assemblies dropped to 58, with no occurrences of oil seal leakage. It is plausible to conclude that these techniques can significantly enhance product quality. The study demonstrates the efficacy of Six Sigma methodologies in tackling intricate situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Fatec Zona Sul (REFAS) is the property of Revista Fatec Zona Sul (REFAS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Supersaturated designs (SSDs) are often used for screening experiments, and cause-and-effect diagrams (CEDs) are useful quality tools that help engineers decide which factors to use in experiments. Based on engineers' prior knowledge, certain factors (referred to as the primary factors) in the cause-and-effect diagram are considered more likely to be active than the others (referred to as the potential factors). Due to the unequal importance of the factors, the traditional E ( s 2) criterion is not suitable for selecting supersaturated designs. In this article, we propose a CED-based approach to select supersaturated designs that have smaller variance in the estimates of the primary factor effects and less severe aliasing between the effects of the primary and potential factors. Simulation studies show that the proposed method selects supersaturated designs that outperform other supersaturated designs in terms of power and type I error when engineers have accurate prior knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Central venous catheters (CVC) are used for dialysis in end-stage renal disease patients, presenting a significant risk for Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSI). While Lean Six Sigma has been effective in reducing CRBSI, its efficacy outside intensive care units (ICU) remains less explored. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Lean Six Sigma in mitigating CRBSI risks among non-ICU hemodialysis patients. Methods: The study was conducted in a nephrology department, focusing on patients undergoing hemodialysis with temporary CVC from February to December 2021. The Lean Six Sigma method, using Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) methodology, was implemented in 2022 to reduce CRBSI incidence. The 2021 CRBSI rate served as the benchmark, with a goal to reduce it by the end of 2022. Value-stream mapping, Fishbone Diagrams, and Root Cause Analysis identified potential CRBSI causes. After implementing targeted improvements, CRBSI rates before and after the intervention were compared. Results: The Lean Six Sigma method significantly decreased CRBSI incidence from 12.79 to 2.32 per 1,000 catheter-days following the implementation of targeted interventions ( =4.60, P = 0.05). This improvement was observed comparing February-December 2021 with January-December 2022. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the Lean Six Sigma method in non-ICU settings, suggesting broader applicability in hemodialysis patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Using correct pronouns is an impactful way to establish affirming environments for transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) patients. However, physicians often report struggling with this. Objective: This study set out to conduct an initial root cause analysis of factors contributing to medical students and physicians failing to use TGNB patients' correct pronouns. Methods: A 10-item Qualtrics survey was sent to medical students, residents, and physicians practicing in Central Ohio. Participants were asked to describe perceived challenges or barriers colleagues have regarding correctly using TGNB patients' correct pronouns. A directed content analysis of participant responses was performed utilizing a fishbone diagram root cause analysis tool as a basis for conceptualizing and categorizing barriers. All coding was completed by independent reviewers utilizing a consensus reconciliation methodology. Results: Of 928 survey respondents, 763 met the study inclusion criteria, of which 453 provided analyzable responses. Of these 453, attendings with five or more years of practice (32.5%) and medical students (27.4%) made up the two largest demographic categories. 1.7% of respondents identified as transgender, nonbinary, and/or genderqueer, and 64% identified as heterosexual/straight. Five core barrier categories were identified: documentation, patient care, environment, knowledge, and individuals. Sub-categories were also identified, including lack of documentation, discomfort, medical culture, lack of standardization, prejudice, and assumptions. Conclusion: The study identifies important barriers to medical professionals correctly using TGNB patients' pronouns. The root cause analysis conducted as part of this study demonstrates the necessity of multi-pronged, system-level interventions to support ensuring TGNB patients are addressed using the correct pronouns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is influenced by a range of incentives and barriers. EVs offer benefits such as reduced emissions and lower costs but face challenges in gaining widespread acceptance. Government subsidies, tax credits, and EV charging infrastructure have played a pivotal role in driving EV adoption, making them more financially attractive and convenient. However, barriers such as high upfront costs, limited driving range, insufficient charging infrastructure, and consumer concerns about battery life and availability have hindered broader uptake. This study presents a novel approach that considers both incentives and barriers to summarize the factors influencing EV development in the US. Through a comprehensive literature review, we explore the various barriers and incentives that affect EV deployment. Using an advanced fishbone diagram, we categorize the factors into economic and market, technical, policy, and social categories, providing a better understanding of their interrelationships. We discuss critical incentives and barriers within each category, offering a detailed analysis of their impact on EV adoption. Additionally, we present the results of a quantitative analysis of selected factors by examining their correlations with EV sales. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the incentives and barriers to EV development in the US, assisting policymakers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies and initiatives for promoting EV adoption and achieving a cleaner and more sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) is a key indicator to measure the effectiveness of production systems. This paper aims to evaluate and improve a plastic production line based on OEE evaluation. An integrated framework is proposed to enhance the production system efficiency. This paper presents the data for a Plastic production line in Jordan under real working conditions. The data covers three months. A framework process to improve the OEE of the Plastic production system was proposed. Six major stoppage losses were inspected with the help of Pareto analysis. Furthermore, the actual availability, efficiency, and quality rate measures, together with the whole OEE for each working day, week, and month of the production line were shown. The methodology is based on determining the OEE of a Plastic production line after determining the causes of failures. The fishbone diagram tool is used to determine the root causes of failures. To improve the OEE measure, several losses are identified. The results reveal that the company should improve its policy to improve the production line's performance and reduce losses. Top management should also pay attention to reducing the speed losses, which consist of 58.1%, and eliminate the planned and unscheduled disruptions covering 12.73% of all losses. This can be achieved by establishing a proper operation management procedure and strategy. This, in turn, optimized the equipment's effectiveness. The quality procedure should include the changeover program that may be executed every day. Similarly, all preventive maintenance procedures for the six machines should be properly executed in predetermined intervals. There are several limitations in the research. Firstly, the research case study is only the plastic production system. Secondly, the research is related to the downtime or stoppage by analyzing it using fishbone diagram. Further, supported by other techniques such as the Pareto chart, six big losses analyses and CED. This research conducted on a Plastic industry. However, similar studies can be carried out in future in other manufacturing industries like electronic, pharmaceutical, textile industries, etc., and service industry. However, as future research work the contributions of this paper with other lean manufacturing concept like six sigma, quality function deployment, TQM, and just-in-time manu-facturing, can also be conducting to assess the overall production line efficiency. On the other hand, several statistical tests can be implemented based on data collected of TPM performance indicators. The proposed method supports policymakers in their decision-making process on the operations management line. Further-more, it improves the production systems' productivity quality, and performance, reducing unplanned stop-pages and breakdowns, and reducing maintenance costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk management should run through the entire process of method development, utilization, and maintenance. Based on the analytical quality by design (AQbD) concept, various integrated risk management techniques were used in this study to develop an analysis method for the percolation solution of Xiaochaihu capsules. During the development of the analysis method, risk assessment was conducted using an Ishikawa diagram and failure mode effects analysis, followed by method optimization using experimental design. The probability of nonconformance calculated via an exhaustive Monte Carlo method quantitatively characterized the risk magnitude of method parameter failures, leading to the establishment of a operable design region method based on risk magnitude. Validation experiments and robustness tests of the data were utilized for model refinement and initial risk review. Methodological validation of the developed method was performed, and control strategies for the analysis method were presented through a decision tree. Stability experiments demonstrated that the samples remained stable at 4 °C for 24 h. The average recovery rate fell between 98.8% and 105%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 2.73% to 4.48%. The results showed that the established analysis method exhibited robustness. This analysis method can simultaneously determine the contents of uridine, adenine, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and guanosine. This method can also be employed for process control during percolation. This study integrated various risk management techniques to develop and maintain the analysis method, and this approach can potentially be extended to other analytical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major limitation preventing the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in routine analyses is the signal variability due to the heterogeneity of metallic nanoparticles used as SERS substrates. This study aimed to robustly optimise a synthesis process of silver nanoparticles to improve the measured SERS signal repeatability and the protocol synthesis repeatability. The process is inspired by a chemical reduction method associated with microwave irradiation to guarantee better controlled and uniform heating. The innovative Quality by Design strategy was implemented to optimise the different parameters of the process. A preliminary investigation design was firstly carried out to evaluate the influence of four parameters selected by means of an Ishikawa diagram. The critical quality attributes were to maximise the intensity of the SERS response and minimise its variance. The reaction time, temperature and stirring speed are critical process parameters. These were optimised using an I-optimal design. A robust operating zone covering the optimal reaction conditions (3.36 min–130 °C–600 rpm) associated with a probability of success was modelled. Validation of this point confirmed the prediction with intra- and inter-batch variabilities of less than 15%. In conclusion, this study successfully optimised silver nanoparticles by a rapid, low cost and simple technique enhancing the quantitative perspectives of SERS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates the effectiveness of the Shelter.Ukraine Initiative, a civic response to the humanitarian crisis resulting from Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The Initiative aims to address pressing needs through a local umbrella funding approach. Utilizing an evaluative framework that combines multiple approaches, including causal attribution techniques, contribution analysis, and regression analysis, we assess the effectiveness of the Shelter.Ukraine Initiative. We uncover influencing factors that contribute to the Initiative success. These include organizational ambidexterity, learning-by-doing, inter-organizational structure, and advanced technology for financial resource distribution. Our findings underscore the importance of reconfiguring the humanitarian aid architecture to enhance effectiveness. In addition, we suggest that the insights gained from our study can inform future evaluations of humanitarian aid initiatives. By incorporating similar evaluative frameworks and methodologies, researchers can assess the effectiveness of other initiatives and identify key factors contributing to success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The semiconductor manufacturing sector has contributed to the advancement of technical development in the sphere of industrial applications, but one crucial factor that cannot be overlooked is the evaluation of a machine's state. Despite the presence of advanced equipment, data on their performances are not properly reviewed, resulting in a variety of concerns such as high rejection rates, lower production output, manufacturing overhead cost issues, and customer complaints. This study's goal is to evaluate the performance of die attach machines made by a prominent subcontractor semiconductor manufacturing business in the Philippines; our findings will provide other organizations with important insights into the appropriate diagnosis of productivity difficulties via productivity metrics analyses. The study focuses on a specific type of die attach machine, with machine 10 showing to be the most troublesome, with an overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) rating of 43.57%. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) identified that the primary reasons for the issue were idling, small stoppages, and breakdown loss resulting from loosened screws in the work holder. The risk priority number (RPN) was calculated to be 392, with a severity level of 7, an occurrence level of 7, and a detection level of 8. The findings provide new insight into the methods that should be included in the production process to boost efficiency and better suit the expectations of customers in a highly competitive market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government of India has cleared the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 by bringing out many reforms in the education sector with a focus on education design, delivery, and assessment. This work is an attempt toward perceiving the post-COVID-19 era as an enabler in the engineering education process for the implementation of blended learning. Causal analysis through the Ishikawa diagram is brainstormed for enlisting all the potential causal factors for the inability to restore normalcy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) is adopted for restoring normalcy through prioritized corrective actions. Thus, NEP 2020 is considered for leveraging blended learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This work aims to present a Quality-by-Design (QbD) step-by-step methodology to formulate anti-ulcer and gastro-protective oral suspensions. Methods: Sucralfate was used as a drug model. The Quality Target Product Profile was established early during preformulation. Viscosity, resuspendability, pH, and density were assessed through the screening of several suspension platforms based on different prototype compositions. A compatibility study between the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the excipients was performed by thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. An Ishikawa fishbone diagram and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis were employed to identify the Critical Material Attributes (CMAs), Critical Process Parameters (CPPs), and Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs). CMAs' and CPPs' impact on identified CQAs was further assessed through a 22 full factorial experimental design at normal conditions after manufacture and one month at super-accelerated stress conditions. Results: The lead prototype exhibited no physicochemical incompatibilities. The risk assessment tools revealed that the concentration of the wetting agent and the total concentration of thickening agents represented critical factors for the quality profile of the preparation in terms of viscosity. The optimized formulation comprising 1.125 w/v% total concentration of Natrosol 250 HX and Avicel RC 591 exhibited an enhanced performance according to the established profile. Conclusions: The analytical and physicochemical tests showed the robustness and compliance of the final preparation with the quality profile. The proposed step-by-step methodology based on QbD, Design of Experiments, and Quality Risk Management presented in our research holds practical implications for local industries and formulation scientists involved in the development of oral suspensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs computational techniques to predict the performance of a modified release matrix formulation of chirally pure S (--) metoprolol succinate, using a quality by design (QbD) approach. The research defines the quality target product profile and critical quality attributes of the S (--) metoprolol succinate matrix formulation. To assess risks, an Ishikawa diagram and failure mode and effects analysis following International Conference on Harmonization Q8 guidelines were conducted. The formulation screening process utilized Plackett--Burman design, followed by optimization through Box--Behnken design. The modified release formulation was developed using high shear granulation, incorporating a combination of high and low viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymers along with other excipients. The impact of polymer composition and stearic acid on the release profile of S (--) metoprolol succinate was investigated, revealing their significant influence on the drug delivery system's desired effect. Specifically, the variables X1: HPMC K4M and X2: HPMC K100M were identified as key factors affecting drug release (Y1). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) confirmed the significance of the selected model, with predicted outcomes aligning well with observed results, comparable to the reference product Seleken® XL range. Both drug content and release performance were found to be similar to the innovator formulation. In summary, this investigation underscores the potential of employing a QbD approach with a combination of low and high viscosity HPMC polymers to achieve precise single-dose delivery of S (--) metoprolol succinate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementing quality tools and methods creates a basic foundation for innovations, sustainability, optimization, and competitiveness in the era of Industry 4.0 and Quality 4.0. This paper aimed to investigate the use of quality tools and methods in the 24 divisions of a mother manufacturing company without the influence of external factors such as geographical location (America, Africa, Asia, and Europe). It was important for the mother manufacturing company to implement a uniform process standard for innovation and performance. Research methods focused on using the Kanban card, Ishikawa diagram, affinity diagram, Flowchart, 5S, OPL, layout, and Pareto analysis. It was determined in this research that the synergy (combination) of quality tools and methods in divisions improves the process performance. This hypothesis was confirmed by the results of implementing quality tools in processes within divisions. A top result was the new innovative model of synergy of the quality tools and methods for divisions of the parent company thus filling a gap in the scientific field. This model created the basis for the uniform process standard in all divisions. The results brought improvements in the processes such as material input inspection, spare parts production, production process, and product packaging. This model could be a proactive instrument for process innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fierce competition between industries today makes PT. Electronics must always be competitive. Product quality is the main factor in competing. Problems that arise at PT. Electronics is the quality of the cahill model printer product in the left housing stage that still has part defects. This study was conducted to determine the most dominant factors causing defects, identify the factors that cause part defects, determine the relationship between variable part defects and production results and also, to provide improvement proposals to PT. Electronics to reduce defective parts on the left stage housing. This study uses the 7 Tools method to find the root cause of the solved problem, Based on the results of the analysis of the data that was successfully collected, the results were obtained that the 6 types of defects obtained on the check sheet were defects, short mold, dirty, loose, scratch, bending, broken. Of the six types of disabilities, the highest percentage is scratch disability of 30.12%, Based on the fishbone diagram, it can be known that the occurrence of defects is caused by several factors, namely from humans, materials, methods, and the environment. The relationship between the variable defect of the part and the production result is stated to be quite normal and can still be controlled if there is improvement. And the proposed problem improvement obtained is to conduct training to hone employee skills, check materials and work areas repeatedly, and widen the workspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxation is Indonesia's largest source of national income. Public facilities such as school, hospital, bridges, airport, highway, and more are positive outcome taxpayer contributions to national development. Taxpayer compliance is the main key to generate national income. The Tax Service Office (KPP) in Pati is a unit of the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP) with a broad service area covering Pati Regency and Rembang Regency. This study aims to extract the root causes of taxpayer compliance issues at KPP Pati, focusing on office services, officer resources, taxpayer resources, and modern tax administration using technology analyzed through a fishbone diagram. Qualitative research method was employed to gather insights from 10 informants for gaining multiple points of view representing different perspectives on the four aforementioned aspects. Informants included a frontliner of NPWP, a frontliner customer service representative, two village officials, two account representatives, a service department head, and three taxpayers from different generations. The results revealed that the role of the millennial generation is significant due to their population dominance, while poor digitalization platforms at the DJP were getting worse. Improving digital platform functionality is crucial to enhance taxpayer compliance in the current era. This includes initiatives such as digital marketing, digital account, digital application, and transparent reporting practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive research was conducted with a qualitative approach. The study included three MSMEs of convection in Kudus because Muslimah clothing convection in Kudus is increasing. However, in the production process, several defective products are still found. The existence of these defects indicates the presence of waste in the production process. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to find out the causes of defects in the production process and take corrective steps to reduce defects. Based on the waste identification that has been done, the most critical waste defects are selected using the AHP questionnaire. Then the DPMO calculation was carried out, which showed the sigma level value for the three MSMEs, namely 3.75, 3.57, and 3.64. Next, the root causes of waste was analyzed using fishbone diagrams and FMEA tables. Recommendations for improvements are given to reduce the occurrence of these root causes. If the recommendations for improvement are implemented, there will be an increase in the sigma level for the three MSMEs, namely 4.02, 4.19, and 3.97. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing transition towards more sustainable and renewable energy sources represents a multi-factorial process posing to socio-technological systems novel hazards, characterized by both epistemic and aleatory uncertainty. In the realm data data-driven approaches, historical data can provide knowledge by deriving from them low-dimensional features. Building on this concept, this paper proposes a comparative analysis of two methodologies for identifying influential factors in the assessment of emerging risk. The former approach is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) integrated with a fishbone diagram, while the latter relies on gradient-boosted decision trees and feature importance, integrated into the fishbone diagram framework. The study focuses on accelerating and mitigating factors associated with accidents and near misses within the context of the energy transition, elucidating insights gained from post-accidental investigations, and covering both the technical and organizational aspects. A set of accident data was collected and utilized, covering both industrial settings and urban industrial port data. The last investigated context is of peculiar interest, considering the significant responsibility to assess emerging operational risks and mitigate potential catastrophic events, mainly connected to hazardous material handling. The paper aims to offer a nuanced understanding of the strengths and limitations of the explored approaches, contributing to attaining enhanced decision-making processes in sustainable energy transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A SPA is one of the types of health care. The legislation states that a healthcare facility is any space that is intended for the provision of health services. Furthermore, it is noted that one of the types of health care is medical rehabilitation care. This care is provided precisely on the premises of the SPA. The purpose is to maximally restore the client's physical, speech, sensory, and psychological functions. However, in the SPA, it is also necessary to solve risk management. SPAs represent an infrastructural element and, at the same time, can be considered as a soft target. Therefore, significant attention must be paid to this issue, and the area of risk analysis for these elements be addressed. As part of the contribution, risk identification and analysis will be carried out. In the results of this paper, types of threats to SPA facilities will be published--methods such as brainstorming, What If analysis, and Ishikawa diagram will be used. Based on the performed analysis, recommendations for SPA facilities will be proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out in the Agricultural Transportation Company of Pinar del Río province, due to the need to define the vulnerabilities of the risk integral management system implemented by this organization. The objective of this article is focused on analyzing the current state of the risk integral management in the Agricultural Transportation Company of Pinar del Río, which will allow knowing the vulnerabilities in the process to improve quality, protection and safety without compromising efficiency and sustainability. The historical-logical method was used in order to analyze the evolution, operation and development of risk integral management in companies of the transport sector; the analysis-synthesis, which allowed revealing the essential relations and more general characteristics of risk integral management. Among the research techniques used were the interview, survey, checklists and documentary analysis, whose results were processed to arrive at conclusions with the help of the statistical method, as well as the Ishikawa diagram, to determine the causeeffect relationships in the risk integral management process. As main results of the diagnosis, the insufficient risk integral management in the company stands out, where the causes and subcauses are determined by each stage of the risk management life cycle, being the identification stage the one with the highest number, however, each of the problems detected have an impact on the other functions due to the systemic nature of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research aims to elucidate critical impurities in process validation batches of tacrolimus injection formulations, focusing on identification and characterization of previously unreported impurity at RRT 0.42, identified as the tacrolimus alcohol adduct. The potential root causes for the formation of new impurity was determined using structured risk assessment by cause and effect fishbone diagram. The primary objective was to propose mitigation plan and demonstrate the control of impurities with 6 month accelerated stability results in development batches. Methods: The investigation utilizes method validation and characterization studies to affirm the accuracy of quantifying the tacrolimus alcohol adduct. The research methodology employed different characterization techniques like rotational rheometer, ICP‒MS, MALDI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT-135 NMR for structural elucidation. Additionally, the exact mass of the impurity is validated using electrospray ionization mass spectra. Results: Results indicate successful identification and characterization of the tacrolimus alcohol adduct. The study further explores the transformation of Tacrolimus monohydrate under various conditions, unveiling the formation of Tacrolimus hydroxy acid and proposing the existence of a novel degradation product, the Tacrolimus alcohol adduct. Six-month data from development lots utilizing Manufacturing Process II demonstrate significantly lower levels of alcohol adducts. Conclusions: Manufacturing Process II, selectively locates Tacrolimus within the micellar core of HCO-60, this prevent direct contact of ethanol with Tacrolimus which minimizes impurity alcohol adduct formation. This research contributes to the understanding of tacrolimus formulations, offering ways to safeguard product integrity and stability during manufacturing and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety management represents an important concern in contemporary society. The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system is a crucial tool for meat producers, preventing and controlling major food safety concerns in the process. This research investigates key barriers to HACCP implementation in the meat industry, employing the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) model to identify and categorize these obstacles. Using the insights of 18 experts, a cause-and-effect relationship diagram is generated through which twelve barriers are categorized in terms of their cause and effect and then analyzed. Threshold value is calculated as 0.299. The findings reveal poor management as the primary impediment, followed by challenges in training, knowledge, and dedication. Categorizing the barriers into four groups emphasizes the critical role of effective management and human resources. The study contributes valuable insights to food safety management literature, serving as a practical resource for industry practitioners. Despite limitations in relying on expert opinions and the industry-specific focus, the research lays a foundation for informed decision-making, stressing the importance of effective management in successful HACCP implementation. Future research directions include diversifying geographical representation, exploring practical solutions, and integrating emerging technologies for a better understanding of HACCP adoption challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study sought to provide a matrix by which to prioritise hypotheses in an Ishikawa diagram while considering a combination of the hypotheses' relation to the problem and the cost and effort to investigate because potential failure causes in an Ishikawa diagram are often prioritised for investigation using subjective methods, and not concrete criteria. Methodology/Approach: A survey was sent to organisations seeking to determine three levels of prioritisation for effort in hours to investigate a problem and costs to investigate. The results were then entered into a matrix that listed three levels of relationship between the hypothesis and the problem as well as three levels of costs and effort. A scenario was given to study participants in the industry to determine if participants with the hypothesis prioritisation matrix could find the correct hypotheses to investigate first, more often than participants without the matrix. Findings: The survey resulted in criteria for prioritisation of hypotheses to investigate. A study with employees in the industry found that participants with a hypothesis prioritisation matrix identified the correct hypotheses to investigate first more often than participants without the matrix. Research Limitation/implication: This paper provides concrete criteria for prioritising hypotheses to investigate during a root cause analysis. Originality/Value of paper: This paper provides concrete criteria for prioritising hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, the imbalance between population needs and urban spaces' organized development has been accentuated by increasing urbanization. The implementation of smart city actions began in the 1990s, with the development of integrated solutions in cities, harmonizing social, environmental, and economic aspects. This research measures the impact of thematic areas on smart cities' management performance. The multi-criteria Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method was used to identify the interdependent relations between smart cities' thematic areas, structuring a diagram of cause-and-effect relations using threshold quantification values. Considering their degree of importance in smart city management, the thematic areas of technology and innovation, living environment and infrastructure, education and training, and governance and engagement are highlighted. For the degree of influence, the most influential thematic areas are coexistence and reciprocity, living environment and infrastructure, entrepreneurship, and healthcare. Also, the cause-and-effect analysis identified governance and engagement, education and training, and mobility as central thematic areas for smart city management. Finally, the research construct was developed by ranking the thematic areas' performance in urban space planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foundry industry is an important component of the economy on which other progressive industries depend. The reliability of the products it manufactures is determined by the technologies used, but, most importantly, it ensures the expected level of quality. The purpose of the article is to develop a synergistic quality-cost model for the improvement of casting products. The model is based on an integral methodological configuration that makes it possible to determine the level of relevance of the causes of casting nonconformity in the quality-cost context. The model integrates techniques such as the Pareto-Lorenz diagram, ranking, brainwriting, Ishikawa diagram, Likert rating scale, and matrix diagram. Verification of the method by its implication in the manufacturing process of a gearbox casting is performed. The model makes it possible to identify quality-cost relationships between key categories of problem causes and major product nonconformities. The main causes of the loss of quality stability of the analyzed product are found to be low quality of molding sand, poor technical condition of foundry equipment (too infrequent repairs and overhauls), and ineffective quality control. Carrying out the analysis made it possible to develop appropriate improvement measures. It is proposed to implement changes in the casting process, implement the TPM method, conduct periodic training, develop job instructions, implement a control system, and provide supervision of employees. Further research directions will concern the implications of the method within the other positions in the casting company and its development towards automation of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research is carried out in the Municipal Administration with the objective of studying the behavior of the mental workload in the work places. The procedure used consists of three stages: preparation, experiments and results. The indicators selected for the study are: Simple Reaction Time, Complex Reaction Time, Discrimination Threshold, Depth Perception and Yoshitake Test are selected. SPSS software is used or the statistical analysis of the data, EndNote as a bibliographic manager and VOSviewer for its graphical representation. An Ishikawa Diagram is used to determine the causes that provoke mental fatigue during the working day in the individuals studied. As a result, out of the 12 workers studied, 6 presented extreme risk, 5 a worrying level and 1 a moderate level of mental workload. A proposal of measures to prevent and reduce the effect of mental workload is elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, 10 formats are proposed as a single instrument, for taking mining cycle times based on the principles of the value chain map tool. As part of the methodology, we applied the 10 proposed formats in time recording, we analyzed the productive, contributory and non-contributory times, for this we used the Ishikawa diagram that shows us which activities have the greatest impact on low productivity in the horizontal excavations (Mining Cycle) later the mapping of the current state was carried out, finally the time efficiency was processed and calculated. To validate the results, we applied the proposal in the Esmeralda mining company, in its El Teniente mine for 4 months. As a result, we revealed that from a total cycle time of 22.85 hours: the productive time was 13.22 hours, the Contributory time was 4.53 hours and non-contributory time was 5.11 hours. We also revealed that the activities that show the lowest performance are: ventilation, marine loading, coining and drilling. The final conclusion is based on the contribution of the 10 formats and is applicable to underground mining companies who can use the 10 proposed formats to analyze productive, contributory and non-contributory times, and then take corresponding actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the most significant material defects found in pistons for internal combustion engines, along with a graphical method of categorization using a Pareto-Lorenz chart. For the top three defects (constituting approximately 80% of all issues), a slightly different Ishikawa chart was employed to identify the causes behind their occurrence. Remedial actions were proposed, to be implemented primarily within the interoperative quality control of piston casting. It was concluded that it is crucial to prevent the excessive iron content in the alloy used for alfin inserts (AS9 alloy), particularly for cast iron ring carriers. The research was conducted in collaboration with Federal-Mogul company in Gorzyce (F-MG), one of the largest piston foundries in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health plasters are one of a pharmaceutical company's excellent items. There are still defective products in the manufacturing process, including torn paper, joint 1, not cut, perforated edges, joint 2, tucked, long-short, and asymmetrical. Research conducted between June and December 2021 reveals that 192.960 Kg of substandard items were discovered. The contribution of this research is to identify the underlying reasons of the problem and decrease the number of product faults. By using the QCDSME (Quality-Cost-Delivery-Safety-Morale) method analysis in the cost stage, this company is known to experience losses due to defective products of IDR 18,047,232 / year. The results of the analysis using the six sigma method at the analyze stage using the fishbone diagram tool are known that defective products are caused by the absence of size standards in the repair of plate and pressure roll positions, differences in operator responses, the absence of written procedures for handling product defects, and the existence of product roll rolls that are too loose or tight. The improvement proposal made next is to make a size standard for the plate position with a value of 12.5 ± 1 cm and a pressure roll with a value of 22 ± 1 mm with additional tools in the form of a ruler. After taking corrective steps and quality control on product defects, the results showed that the value of product defects decreased from the previous average of 1,119 pcs/day to 205 pcs/day, so that the company's loss value was reduced to IDR 3,306,240/year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tolerance allocation is an extremely sensitive task due to the complex effects on quality, product, and cost. Thus, tolerance allocation optimization covers design and manufacturing aspects and can help to bridge the gap between tolerance design and manufacturing process. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to establish a tolerance optimization method based on manufacturing difficulty computation using the genetic algorithm method with optimum parameters. To do this, the objective function of the proposed GA algorithm is to minimize the total cost. The proposed GA constraints are the tolerance equations of functional requirements considering difficulty coefficients. The manufacturing difficulty computation is based on tools for the study and analysis of reliability of the design or the process, as the Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) and Ishikawa diagram. The proposed approach, based on combining the Difficulty Coefficient Computation (DCC) and the GA optimization method produces the GADCC tool. This model is applied on mechanical assemblies taken from the literature and compared to previous methods regarding tolerance values and computed total cost. This comparative study highlights the benefits of the accomplished GADCC optimization method. The results lead to obtain optimal tolerances that minimize the total cost and respect the functional, quality and manufacturing requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify the root of the problems in the accounting information system for budget implementation and reporting at the Accounting Department, State Polytechnic of Malang. This research uses a qualitative method with a Root Cause Analysis approach. Problems that occur in companies are analyzed using a fishbone diagram. The method of collecting data in this research is in-depth interviews. The results of this research explain that some problems occur in the company as budget implementation and reporting procedures are still being done manually. This research provides a solution for the Accounting Department to create a website that can be used to process budget implementation and reporting in real time, which can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of business processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aqueous solution containing different concentration (0.5, 0.6 and 1.0%) (w/v) of Polyvinyl pyrrolodon-Iodine (PVP-I) complex, a well-known antiseptic; is prepared and the stability and homogeneity of these solution is assessed as per the ICH Guidelines and International Harmonized Protocol respectively. The solutions were found to be sufficiently homogeneous and stable for a year at 25 °C (60%RH). Measurement uncertainty of the prepared PVP-I solutions were estimated by identifying possible sources of uncertainty using Ishikawa diagram and preparing uncertainty budget based on scope of calibration laboratory. The stable and homogenized PVP-I solution is to be used in a clinical trial for the application on oro and nasopharynx against novel SARS-CoV-2 Virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of risky accidents during bridge construction, this study proposes a bridge construction risk assessment method based on variable weight theory and the cloud model theory. Firstly, the fishbone diagram was used to identify risk factors in constructing a bridge construction risk index system. Secondly, according to the cloud model theory, the comment cloud model of each risk index was established by using the forward cloud generator. Finally, the risk factor weights were quantified according to the intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IFAHP). Combined with the variable weight theory, a zoning variable weight function was constructed and the weights were reallocated. Through the mutual aggregation of the comment cloud model and weights, the risk level of construction bridges was obtained. The method takes full account of the fuzziness and randomness existing in the evaluation process, optimizes the distribution of weight values of indicators, and uses Delphi iteration to effectively eliminate the subjective defects of individuals. A construction bridge in Changchun was used as an example for risk assessment, and the advance of the method was well verified. The results demonstrate that the method is highly feasible and effective after accuracy verification and sensitivity analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]