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Performing musical notes correctly does not mean that all the performers will play the notes at the exact same pitch and duration. However, it does imply that they are performing the notes within acceptable psychoacoustic ranges. Therefore, this article aims to find the range of a note' duration and pitch according to its position in a piece of music by analysing several parameters in trained-professional singers' behaviours in singing notes. To achieve the goal, the variations of eight variables on 2688 solo singing recorded files by trained professional singers were investigated to find the relationships between a performed note's F0 and duration with these variables. The variables considered in this study are the interval to the following and previous notes, the existence of rest before or after the note, the note's MIDI pitch code and duration in a music score, and the particular singing technique applied. The Bayesian hierarchical model was used to find the effect of the variables on the pitch and duration of a note sung by professionals, mainly in opera style, singers. The investigation confirms that these parameters affect the pitch and duration of notes performed by professional singers. Finally, this paper proposes formulas to calculate the pitch frequency and duration of the notes according to the variables to simulate the behaviour of the trained-professional singers in performing notes' pitches and duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the C-ORAL-ESQ corpus project, which is dedicated to the study of the speech of individuals with schizophrenia. The main aim of the project is to investigate cognitive aspects of individuals with schizophrenia. This investigation is carried through the compilation of a spontaneous speech corpus and its study, which focuses mainly on the analysis of information structuring and its prosodic correlates. The paper mainly deals with the methodological aspects of the corpus compilation and reports its present stage: it informs about the environment and the setting of the sound file recordings, the medical and ethical criteria for the selection of the participants, the corpus aimed dimensions and the present stage of compilation, as well as its design and compilation criteria, which include attention to prosodic annotation, and metadata related to the participants' characteristics. Additionally, the theory adopted for the study of information structure is summarized, focusing on those aspects that can better address cognitive processes of individuals with schizophrenia and their prosodic correlates. Finally, the perspectives for future studies and resource compilations are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to address the subject of medical information and its legal relevance. These aspects were neglected in the specialized literature from domestic law, which was concerned with the processing of special personal data from electronic health record. The last one remained unimplemented at the national level. Throughout this study, it is analyzed not only the notion of medical information -- in the narrow, but also the notion of medical information -- in an extended sense, with the emphasis on the domestic legislative advantages regarding the settlement of extended medical information. The informative elements that are subsumed under the diagnosis or included in the category of treatment are being approached in this study, as the situation of the treating doctor or the on-call doctor is addressed, likely to influence the procedural framework in medical civil liability disputes. The object of medical information, which includes these types of data (diagnosis, treatment, extended medical information) is not confused with the rights that bear on them, as we have emphasized in this scientific endeavour. Finally, the right of access to special personal data and the right of the patient to benefit from a copy of the medical file or medical records are being approached, as the patient is entitled to know the changes that could be made on this type of data, indicating the need to implement the electronic health file. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of childhood‐onset schizophrenia (COS) and early‐onset schizophrenia (EOS) during the first‐ episode psychosis and the stable period, to examine psychopharmacological treatment approaches, and to investigate potential predictive factors for prognosis.Demographic, clinical, and psychopharmacological therapy data for 31 patients diagnosed with COS and 66 with EOS were retrieved from the file records in this multicenter study. Symptom distribution and disease severity and course were evaluated twice, in the acute psychotic stage and in the latest stable phase, during follow‐up using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and clinical global impression (CGI) scales.A statistically significant difference was observed between the groups' CGI improvement rates and median last stable stage PANSS positive, negative, and general psychopathology symptom scores (p = .005, p = .031, p = .005, and p = .012, respectively). Premorbid neurodevelopmental disorder and obsessive‐compulsive disorder and comorbidities were more common in the COS group (p = .025 and p = .030, respectively), and treatment required greater multiple antipsychotic use in that group (p = .013). When the independent variables affecting the difference between pre‐ and post‐treatment PANSS scores were examined using linear regression analysis, the model established was found to be statistically significant (F = 5.393; p = .001), and the group variable (p = .024), initial disease severity (p = .001), and socioeconomic level (p = .022; p = .007) emerged as predictive factors for the disease course.Although early diagnosis and treatment is an important factor in improving prognosis in schizophrenia, more specific predictors for schizophrenia need to be identified. Additionally, preventive programs and pharmacological methods need to be developed in children with neurodevelopmental problems, particularly those from low socioeconomic status families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the feasibility of DenseNet in the establishment of a three-dimensional (3D) gamma prediction model of IMRT based on the actual parameters recorded in the log files during delivery. METHODS: A total of 55 IMRT plans (including 367 fields) were randomly selected. The gamma analysis was performed using gamma criteria of 3% /3 mm (Dose Difference/Distance to Agreement), 3% /2 mm, 2% /3 mm, and 2% /2 mm with a 10% dose threshold. In addition, the log files that recorded the gantry angle, monitor units (MU), multi-leaf collimator (MLC), and jaws position during delivery were collected. These log files were then converted to MU-weighted fluence maps as the input of DenseNet, gamma passing rates (GPRs) under four different gamma criteria as the output, and mean square errors (MSEs) as the loss function of this model. RESULTS: Under different gamma criteria, the accuracy of a 3D GPR prediction model decreased with the implementation of stricter gamma criteria. In the test set, the mean absolute error (MAE) of the prediction model under the gamma criteria of 3% /3 mm, 2% /3 mm, 3% /2 mm, and 2% /2 mm was 1.41, 1.44, 3.29, and 3.54, respectively; the root mean square error (RMSE) was 1.91, 1.85, 4.27, and 4.40, respectively; the Sr was 0.487, 0.554, 0.573, and 0.506, respectively. There was a correlation between predicted and measured GPRs (P < 0.01). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the accuracy between the validation set and the test set. The accuracy in the high GPR group was high, and the MAE in the high GPR group was smaller than that in the low GPR group under four different gamma criteria. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a 3D GPR prediction model of patient-specific QA using DenseNet was established based on log files. As an auxiliary tool for 3D dose verification in IMRT, this model is expected to improve the accuracy and efficiency of dose validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Management of medical records at Sandi Karsa Hospital Makassar is still lacking in the process of assembling, reporting, and filing. This study aims to analyze the inpatient medical record management system at Sandi Karsa Hospital, Makassar. Methods: The type of research used in this research is qualitative research and data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation with key informants and supporting informants using purposive sampling techniques. Result: There is a shortage of medical records officers, and they have not received training. There are fewer computers available, SIMRS is only integrated with patient registration, and the management room is combined with the filing room. The assembly process has not been carried out in the last few months, reporting has been delayed, and there is a backlog of files. Implementation of management SOPs has not been optimal, and socialization activities have not been carried out. Completeness and returns are not up to standard. Medical record quality indicators are low, and there are no feedback activities. Conclusion: Lack of staff they have never participated in training and socialization regarding SOPs. There is a lack of facilities such as computers, the medical record room has lots of files, SIMRS is not yet integrated with medical record management, and there are delays in returns and incomplete filling out of medical record files. The hospital can provide outreach and hold regularly scheduled meetings to evaluate or assess officers' performance managing medical records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the relatively high prevalence of systemic diseases, the present study investigated the frequency of systemic diseases in patients referring to the surgery department of the Zahedan Faculty of Dentistry. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 463 patients referring to the surgery department of the Zahedan Faculty of Dentistry in 2021 - 2022 were investigated. The required information, including the type of systemic disease, age, gender, and marital status, was extracted from the patient’s medical file and recorded in the designed checklist. Next, the frequency of systemic disease was compared in terms of age, gender, and marital status. Results: The frequency of systemic diseases was obtained at 27.4%. The most common systemic diseases were hypertension (8.6%), diabetes (6.6%), and anemia (4%). The frequency of systemic diseases in terms of gender andmarital status did not differ significantly (P = 0.567 and P = 0.193, respectively), while it was significantly higher in those above 45 years of age compared to those younger than 45 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of systemic diseases in patients referring to the surgery department of the Zahedan Faculty of Dentistry is relatively low compared to other studies. Hypertension, diabetes, and anemia had the highest frequency among systemic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Giant cell granuloma is a local nonneoplastic lesion that is divided into two categories, based on its site of occurrence: Central and peripheral giant cell granuloma. Central giant cell granuloma is an intraosseous lesion that has a tendency to recure even in surgically treated cases. Several studies have proven that there is an association between different lesions clinical behavior and their histological features. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of AgNOR and Ki67 in lesions with and without recurrency. Material and Methods: Files and records of 35 patients who had been histologically diagnosed with central giant cell granuloma were investigated. Histological features were studied after performing AgNOR staining and Ki67 marker. The data were analyzed by chi‐square, Fisher, and T‐test. Results: Acquired data indicated that the count of AgNOR staining and Ki67 marker was significantly higher in lesions with recurrency than the lesions with no recurrency. The same results were attained from Ki67 intensity. Conclusion: The current study indicated that AgNOR staining and Ki67 marker have prognostic value in predicting recurrency of central giant cell granuloma lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cases of Dead on Arrival (DOA). Methodology: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all DOA files and electronic records from January 2019 to December 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. The study compared the number of DOA cases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and estimated the proportion of DOA cases that tested positive for COVID-19. Excess mortality for 2020 was calculated using linear regression with data from the previous five years. Results: Out of 950 DOA cases, 442 were recorded before the pandemic and 508 during it. The mean age of the deceased was 57.51 (±24.12). Among the 508 deaths during the pandemic, only 38 cases underwent COVID-19 testing, with 5 (13.1%) testing positive (p=0.864). The expected number of DOA cases for 2020 was 454, whereas the reported number was 508, indicating an excess of 54 cases. Conclusion: The study suggests an increase in DOA cases in 2020, possibly attributable to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The American College of Surgeons requires continuous process improvement review to maintain trauma center verification. Paper-based systems to monitor and track performance improvement are commonly used but can be inadequate to monitor concurrent ongoing improvement effectively. OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation of an electronic process to capture and monitor performance improvement in near real time. METHODS: In 2020, a Midwestern U.S. Level I adult trauma center and a Level II pediatric trauma center's trauma programs transitioned from a paper to an electronic file-sharing system for performance improvement. We converted our primary, secondary, and tertiary review documentation into a single electronic performance improvement file stored on the institution's virtual hard drive, accessible to designated staff, allowing continuous real-time updates. RESULTS: The electronic file-sharing and monitoring process reinvigorated the team and enhanced performance improvement efforts, leading to increased efficiency through documentation and effective loop closure. Real-time monitoring allowed the trauma program to identify opportunities for improvement and enact timely action plans, including targeted performance improvement projects, department education, and ongoing training. CONCLUSION: We found that implementing an electronic file-sharing system enhanced the trauma team's ability to monitor and trend performance improvement in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing relay protections for line‐commutated converter (LCC)‐ultra high voltage DC (UHVDC) transmission lines are insufficient in protection sensitivity and operation speed. The travelling wavefront fault distance information can be used to improve protection performance, which has been used in protection of voltage source converter ‐high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission lines. The adaptability of travelling wavefront protection in LCC‐UHVDC transmission line is analyzed in this paper. First, the conditions that need to be met for the travelling wavefront protections to be able to effectively recognize faults are analyzed. Eight applicability conditions of wavefront protection are revealed from the perspective of travelling wavefront generation and practical application requirements. Then the degree of match between the applicability conditions and the conditions of LCC‐UHVDC system is analyzed as a basis for assessing the adaptability of travelling wavefront protection in the LCC‐UHVDC system. It is pointed out that the index coefficient‐based wavefront protections are not available for LCC‐UHVDC transmission lines since the hardware sampling rate of protection device is insufficient, while first peak time of transient voltage (FPTV)‐based wavefront protection is available for LCC‐UHVDC transmission lines if it has enough anti‐noise ability. Finally, an enhanced anti‐noise algorithm is proposed for the FPTV‐based travelling wavefront protection. The adaptability of the travelling wavefront protection is verified by hardware‐in‐the‐loop test and filed recording experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Orthopedic surgery is a specialty at risk for medical malpractice claims. We aimed to assess the frequency of alleged malpractice cases related to orthopedic surgery in the Netherlands from the last 15 years. Methods: We systematically searched the database of the Dutch Medical Disciplinary Court for verdicts related to orthopedic surgery between January 2009 and July 2023 and extracted case data and data on allegations and outcomes. Results: We identified 158 verdicts (mean of 10.5 per year), of which 151 (96%) were filed against specialists and 7 (4%) against residents. Cases were most frequently classified as incorrect treatment/diagnosis (n = 107, 67.7%). Cases were related to the subspecialties of knee (n = 34, 21.5%), hip (n = 31, 19.6%), ankle (n = 25, 15.8%), spine (n = 22, 13.9%), and shoulder (n = 19, 12.0%). A total of 32 cases (20.3%) were judged as partially founded and 9 (6%) as founded. The Dutch Medical Disciplinary Court imposed 28 warnings, 10 reprimands, and 3 temporary suspensions. A total of 68 appeals were submitted, of which 95% were rejected for filing patients. In three instances, unfounded verdicts were changed to two warnings and a reprimand. In four appeals by an orthopedic surgeon, a warning and reprimand were dismissed, and two reprimands were changed to warnings. Conclusions: The amount of malpractice cases against orthopedic surgeons in the Netherlands is relatively low. The cases in our study may improve our understanding of allegations against physicians and improve the quality of patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of our study was to present our experience with medullary thyroid cancer and to identify the characteristics of patients in relapse or remission. Methods: In this study, data from medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) patients followed at Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Endocrinology and Metabolism outpatient clinic. Electronic records and files of patients older than 18 years of age between January 2000 and June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with medullary thyroid cancer were selected from patients with thyroid malignancy. Patient information was obtained from files. Results: A total of 855 thyroid cancer patient files were reviewed. Medullary thyroid cancer accounted for 3.5% of all thyroid cancers. A total of 30 patients with medullary thyroid cancer [median (interquartile range): age, 45 (34–59) years; 17 female (56.7%)] were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed with a median follow-up of 60 (24–120) months. The median tumor size was 15 mm (8-30), and 20% of patients had multifocal and/ or bilateral tumors. While 40% of the patients had N1 disease, 30% of the patients had distant metastases and 30% of patients had clinical stage 4C, according to The American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. Another aim is to try to identify the characteristics of patients at risk of disease recurrence or non-remission were examined, more extrathyroidal spread (P = .01), larger tumor size (P = .003), and more lymph node metastases (P < .001) and distant metastases (P < .001) were observed, and postoperative third-month calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were higher (P = .01, for all). In the survival analysis, at 25th and 80th months, we found that survival decreased despite chemotherapy (P = .017 and .002, respectively) and radiotherapy (P = .002 and <.001, respectively) treatment. Calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen cut-off values predicting relapse in medullary thyroid cancer were determined to be 5.3 pg/mL and 8.6 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Medullary thyroid cancer is a rare cancer and has a good prognosis when detected at an early stage. In cases of advanced or metastatic disease, the prognosis is poor despite treatment. Calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels measured at postoperative third month can be used to predict recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many healthcare and social science applications, information about units is dispersed across multiple data files. Linking records across files is necessary to estimate the associations of interest. Common record linkage algorithms only rely on similarities between linking variables that appear in all the files. Moreover, analysis of linked files often ignores errors that may arise from incorrect or missed links. Bayesian record linking methods allow for natural propagation of linkage error, by jointly sampling the linkage structure and the model parameters. We extend an existing Bayesian record linkage method to integrate associations between variables exclusive to each file being linked. We show analytically, and using simulations, that the proposed method can improve the linking process, and can result in accurate inferences. We apply the method to link Meals on Wheels recipients to Medicare enrollment records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quality assurance (QA) is a prerequisite for safe and accurate pencil‐beam proton therapy. Conventional measurement‐based patient‐specific QA (pQA) can only verify limited aspects of patient treatment and is labor‐intensive. Thus, a better method is needed to ensure the integrity of the treatment plan. Purpose: Line scanning, which involves continuous and rapid delivery of pencil beams, is a state‐of‐the‐art proton therapy technique. Machine performance in delivering scanning protons is dependent on the complexity of the beam modulations. Moreover, it contributes to patient treatment accuracy. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation‐based QA method that reflects the uncertainty related to the machine during scanning beam delivery was developed and verified for clinical applications to pQA. Methods: Herein, a tool for particle simulation (TOPAS) for nozzle modeling was used, and the code was commissioned against the measurements. To acquire the beam delivery uncertainty for each plan, patient plans were delivered. Furthermore, log files recorded every 60 μs by the monitors downstream of the nozzle were exported from the treatment control system. The spot positions and monitor unit (MU) counts in the log files were converted to dipole magnet strengths and number of particles, respectively, and entered into the TOPAS. For the 68 clinical cases, MC simulations were performed in a solid water phantom, and two‐dimensional (2D) absolute dose distributions at 20‐mm depth were measured using an ionization chamber array (Octavius 1500, PTW, Freiburg, Germany). Consequently, the MC‐simulated 2D dose distributions were compared with the measured data, and the dose distributions in the pre‐treatment QA plan created with RayStation (RaySearch Laboratories, Stockholm, Sweden). Absolute dose comparisons were made using gamma analysis with 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm criteria for 47 clinical cases without considering daily machine output variation in the MC simulation and 21 cases with daily output variation, respectively. All cases were analyzed with 90% or 95% of passing rate thresholds. Results: For 47 clinical cases not considering daily output variations, the absolute gamma passing rates compared with the pre‐treatment QA plan were 99.71% and 96.97%, and the standard deviations (SD) were 0.70% and 3.78% with the 3%/3 mm or 2%/2 mm criteria, respectively. Compared with the measurements, the passing rate of 2%/2 mm gamma criterion was 96.76% with 3.99% of SD. For the 21 clinical cases compared with pre‐treatment QA plan data and measurements considering daily output variations, the 2%/2 mm absolute gamma analysis result was 98.52% with 1.43% of SD and 97.67% with 2.72% of SD, respectively. With a 95% passing rate threshold of 2%/2 mm criterion, the false‐positive and false‐negative were 21.8% and 8.3% for without and with considering output variation, respectively. With a 90% threshold, the false‐positive and false‐negative reduced to 11.4% and 0% for without and with considering output variation, respectively. Conclusions: A log‐file‐based MC simulation method for patient QA of line‐scanning proton therapy was successfully developed. The proposed method exhibited clinically acceptable accuracy, thereby exhibiting a potential to replace the measurement‐based dosimetry QA method with a 90% gamma passing rate threshold when applying the 2%/2 mm criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For much of its history, archaeological research has relied on site-specific projects, regional comparisons, and theory building from case studies. However, recent research themes concerning the emergence of complex social-ecological systems and long-term land-use legacies require a new approach to archaeological data. Large-scale syntheses of archaeological data provide an effective way forward to address these new research themes. In more concise terms, "big questions" require "big data" to help answer them. The archaeological information collected by the USDA Forest Service is one such "big dataset" and represents an incalculable investment in time, resources, and expertise. This article explores this concept and presents an R package (ArchaeoSRP) designed to extract archaeological information from USDA Forest Service site record files. We demonstrate the functionality of this R package through a case study examining the archaeological data for the Cle Elum Ranger District, within Central Washington's Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest. Our results reveal the efficiency of using automated methods to extract, organize, and synthesize district-level archaeological data, which, in turn, reveal patterns of precontact and historic land use that were otherwise not distinguishable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to calculate the LACE index in patients who admitted to the emergency department (ED) with hereditary angioedema (HA) diagnosed and to predict recurrent admissions of patients. In this single-center study, patients aged 18 or higher who were admitted to the ED diagnosed with HA were included over a 12-year period. 35 patients diagnosed with code E88.0 were evaluated according to electronic file records. The number of admissions to the ED in the last 6 months was 2. The LACE index was 4, and risk was 71.4%. The patients admitted to the hospital in the last 30 days had a higher rate of admission to the hospital in the last 6 months (p < 0.001). The LACE index at admission predicted 30 days admission with (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI (0.56–0.91)) acceptable discrimination. The LACE index and the number of admissions in the last 6 months included in the evaluation can be considered predictive in recurrent ED admissions of HA patients. However, the distribution of LACE-risk groups is no priority. Therefore, the low-, medium-, or high-risk level of LACE index values should be not taken into consideration in readmission of such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1978, Congress created a new federal bankruptcy law that has since become a key part of the American capital markets. I examine how large companies and their investors contract to make bankruptcy more or less likely, how distressed firms negotiate with creditors outside of bankruptcy, and how companies plan for a Chapter 11 filing and navigate the bankruptcy system. I also survey the strategic moves, ranging from litigation to financing, that activist investors deploy to improve their bargaining power and earn higher returns. The American bankruptcy system is evolving constantly, and prevailing accounts of bankruptcy law quickly become stale, creating a constant need for new empirical research to establish a foundation for policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mechanical defects and partial discharge (PD) defects can appear in the indoor switchgear of substations or distribution stations, making the switchgear a safety hazard. However, traditional acoustic methods detect and identify these two types of defects separately, ignoring the general recognition of audio signals. In addition, the process of using testing equipment is complex and costly, which is not conducive to timely testing and widespread application. To assist technicians in making a quick preliminary diagnosis of defect types for switchgear, improve the efficiency of the subsequent overhaul, and reduce the cost of detection, this paper proposes a general audio recognition method for identifying defects in switchgear using a smartphone. Using this method, we can analyze and identify audio and video files recorded with smartphones and synchronously distinguish background noise, mechanical vibration, and PD audio signals, which have good applicability within a certain range. When testing the feasibility of using smartphones to identify three types of audio signal, through characterizing 12 sets of live audio and video files provided by technicians, it was found that there were similarities and differences in these characteristics, such as the autocorrelation, density, and steepness of the waveforms in the time domain, and the band energy and harmonic components of the frequency spectrum, and new combinations of features were proposed as applicable. To compare the recognition performance for features in the time domain, frequency band energy, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC), and this method, feature vectors were input into a support vector machine (SVM) for a recognition test, and the recognition results showed that the the present method had the highest recognition accuracy. Finally, a set of mechanical defects and PD defects were set up for a switchgear, for practical verification, which proved that this method was general and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) format file is the text file used to record alignment information. Alignment is the core of sequencing analysis, and downstream tasks accept mapping results for further processing. Given the rapid development of the sequencing industry today, a comprehensive understanding of the SAM format and related tools is necessary to meet the challenges of data processing and analysis. This paper is devoted to retrieving knowledge in the broad field of SAM. First, the format of SAM is introduced to understand the overall process of the sequencing analysis. Then, existing work is systematically classified in accordance with generation, compression and application, and the involved SAM tools are specifically mined. Lastly, a summary and some thoughts on future directions are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Merging datafiles containing information on overlapping sets of entities is a challenging task in the absence of unique identifiers, and is further complicated when some entities are duplicated in the datafiles. Most approaches to this problem have focused on linking two files assumed to be free of duplicates, or on detecting which records in a single file are duplicates. However, it is common in practice to encounter scenarios that fit somewhere in between or beyond these two settings. We propose a Bayesian approach for the general setting of multifile record linkage and duplicate detection. We use a novel partition representation to propose a structured prior for partitions that can incorporate prior information about the data collection processes of the datafiles in a flexible manner, and extend previous models for comparison data to accommodate the multifile setting. We also introduce a family of loss functions to derive Bayes estimates of partitions that allow uncertain portions of the partitions to be left unresolved. The performance of our proposed methodology is explored through extensive simulations. for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To assess the incidence of suicides among Brazilian Federal Highway Police Officers (FHPO) between 2001 and 2020, as well as to describe their sociodemographic and occupational profile. Methods: A retrospective study analyzed all suicides among FHPO of all Brazilian states between 2001 and 2020 based on personalized police record files. Results: The average suicide rate was 18.7/100,000 persons per year. A total of 35 suicides were identified, of which 33 (91.4%) were by firearm. Most FHPO who died by suicide were male (94.3%), under the age of 40 (62.9%), working for 10 or more years (57.1%), married (65.7%), parents (68.6%), had health insurance (77.1%), and worked in alternating shifts (54.2%). Conclusion: The suicide rate among FHPO is high. Due to missing data on age and gender, standardized rates were not reported in the current study, therefore a careful interpretation of the rates reported should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify and analyse the specific regulations of the Bankruptcy Law to the extent that they relate to the death of an insolvent debtor. The authors attempt to determine the correct interpretation de lege lata, and where it is justified, draw conclusions de lege ferenda. Due to the fact that regulations must be interpreted together with the provisions of inheritance law and other regulations, their correct interpretation may be difficult. This study contains an analysis of three possible cases: when death occurred after the filing of a bankruptcy petition, during the course of bankruptcy proceedings, but also on the brink of bankruptcy before the petition was filed by an authorized person. In the event of death after filing for bankruptcy or after its declaration, the problem is essentially of a procedural nature and is generally resolved by identifying the persons participating in the proceedings (usually a trustee). On the other hand, in the event of the death of an insolvent entrepreneur before they file for bankruptcy, the Bankruptcy Law provides for a separate procedure. At the same time, it seems that due to the distinctness of this situation, the introduction of a different, specific definition of insolvency is justified, which the authors present in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present retrospective study analyzed the characteristics of strongyloidiasis in patients who were diagnosed at the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Toulouse, France. Sixty-nine file records were included in the study on the basis of a positive stool examination that used Baermann's method. The prominent epidemiological findings were the presence of former immigrants from Italy or Portugal, veterans from the 1st Indochina war, and autochthonous cases. Almost 1/4 of the patients were asymptomatic. Manifestations of skin allergy were the main clinical feature. Blood eosinophilia was present in 76.8% of the patients, and serum total IgE was ≥150 kIU/L in 79.7%. Immunodiagnosis was achieved from 1990 to 2001 by indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) that was then replaced with ELISA, both methods using Strongyloides ratti filariform larvae. ELISA was found to be similar to IFAT in terms of specificity but exhibited a greater sensitivity. Patients were primarily treated with albendazole or ivermectin beginning in 1993. Forty-eight patients attended the follow-up consultation. Kinetics of the clinical picture and blood eosinophilia were found to be the most convenient parameters to assess the efficacy of anthelmintic therapy. In conclusion, strongyloidiasis remains a neglected disease in Southwestern France. The resolution of clinical features along with the kinetics of eosinophilia appeared to be the most appropriate parameters to check during the posttreatment follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children and adults with dyslexia are often provided with audio-support, which reads the written text for the learner. The present study examined to what extent audio-support as a form of external regulation impacts navigation patterns in children and adults with and without dyslexia. We compared navigation patterns in multimedia lessons of learners with (36 children, 41 adults), and without dyslexia (46 children, 44 adults) in a text-condition vs. text-audio-condition. Log files were recorded to identify navigation patterns. Four patterns could be distinguished: linear reading (linear), linear reading with rereading (big peak), reading with going back to previous pages (small peaks), and a combination of strategies (combined peaks). Children generally used linear navigation strategies in both conditions, whereas adults mostly used combined-peaks strategies in the text-condition, but linear strategies in the text-audio-condition. No differences were found between learners with and without dyslexia. Audio-support does not impact navigation strategies in children but does seem to impact navigation strategies in adult learners, towards the use of more linear navigation patterns, reflecting less self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicaid is the primary payor for nearly half of all births in the United States and plays a disproportionate role in covering maternity care for low-income people, rural people, and minoritized racial groups. Newly available, modernized Medicaid claims data—the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System Analytic Files (TAF)—offer a significant opportunity to conduct novel research that can drive the development of evidence-based programs and policies for Medicaid beneficiaries before, during, and after pregnancy. Yet, the public health research community has so far underused the TAF for maternal health research. We provide an overview of the TAF and how they compare to other major data sets available to study maternal health. We highlight some major limitations of the TAF and offer strategies to maximize the potential of these novel data to accelerate timely, rigorous research to improve maternal health and health equity. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(7):805–810. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307287) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Documentación Científica is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although Australia has a proud record of health and medical research, it finds less traction when it comes to innovative product development. Patent filings are recognised as one of the measures of national innovation, and this is one measure where Australian innovators are falling short. We examined whether there may be discrete pockets of innovation in particular areas of technology where Australian researchers are making significant contributions. This study used patent filings as a measure of innovation and used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) genome editing as a case study. We found a rich patent landscape, with filings for general methods and compositions and for specific diseases. However, the contribution by Australian applicants was small, with only four out of 519 filings. This indicates that navigating the CRISPR patent landscape to secure freedom to operate is likely to be complex for Australian innovators in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MN Opthalmology / MN Oftalmoloji is the property of Medical Network and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This abstract summarizes the significance of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in modern healthcare administration and file recording practices. It outlines the pivotal role of EHR systems in streamlining administrative processes, enhancing documentation accuracy, and improving patient care outcomes. By centralizing patient information, facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration, and ensuring data security, EHRs offer numerous benefits to healthcare organizations and providers. However, challenges such as interoperability issues and user adoption barriers persist. Moving forward, collaborative efforts are required to address these challenges and maximize the potential of EHRs in revolutionizing medical administration and health information management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Glide path preparation has been recommended as a mandatory clinical step to ensure the safe usage of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of fracture of ScoutRace, ProGlider and One G files when used to mechanically negotiate curved canals. Materials and methods: Seven files from each brand were used to mechanically negotiate mesial canals of extracted human mandibular molars with root canal curvature angle ranging from 25 to 40 degrees. All rotary files were used until fracture occurred. The number of canals that were prepared and the total active instrumentation time for each file till fracture were recorded. Data were scored and statistically analysed using Kruskal--Wallis and Mann--Whitney tests (P ≤ 0.05). Results: One G had a significantly higher number of negotiated canals till fracture when compared with ScoutRace (P < 0.05), and no significant difference when compared with ProGlider (P > 0.05). The difference between ScoutRace and ProGlider was not significant (P > 0.05). ScoutRace recorded the highest incidence of fracture, followed by ProGlider and One G. There was a statistically significant difference between ScoutRace and ProGlider (P < 0.05), as well as between ScoutRace and One G (P < 0.05) regarding their total active instrumentation time till fracture, whereas there was no significant difference between ProGlider and One G (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Under the limitations of this study, the One G file appeared to be suitable for safe and efficient glide path establishment, followed by ProGlider and ScoutRace files. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on the Geriatric Therapeutics Review series, established in 1986 to educate physicians on prescribing for older patients, has been closed due to the evolution of geriatric medicine over nearly 40 years. It reports that the series has significantly increased awareness and knowledge in therapeutics and medication management for older adults, despite the lack of readily available information and guidelines.

Objective: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common in laparoscopic bariatric surgeries (LBS). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of muscle relaxant antagonists on PONV seen in the recovery unit by morbidly obese patients undergoing LBS. Material and Method: With the approval of the University Ethics Committee, the files and e-archive records of morbidly obese patients who had LBS were examined, and their demographic data, PONVscore (1: No nausea-vomiting, 2: Nausea, 3: Retching, 4: Vomiting), amount of antiemetic administered in the recovery unit were recorded. According to the muscle relaxant antagonist drugs administered at the end of the surgery, the patients were divided into the neostigmine group (GrupNEO) and the sugammadex group (GrupSUG). Results: A total of 206 patients were included in the study and 80 of the patients were male and 126 were female. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups when the PONV score was evaluated (p >0,05). PONV that occurred by the patients in the recovery unit was 58,16% (57/98) in GroupNEO and 50% (54/108) in GroupSUG, and there was no statistical difference (p >0,05). Regarding the metoclopramide administered in the recovery unit, the dose was lower in GroupSUG than in GroupNEO, and the difference was statistically significant (p =0,05). Conclusion: In our study, in which we compared the effects of muscle relaxant antagonists on the incidence of PONV after LBS in morbidly obese patients, it was observed that while less PONV was observed in the postoperative recovery unit with the use of sugammadex, there was a significant decrease in the dose of antiemetic used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the factors associated with success and failure of orthodontic mini-implant (MI) in orthodontic patients. Study Design: Retrospective Review. Setting: Department of Orthodontics, Sharif Medical and Dental College. Period: September-November 2021. Material & Methods: The files and records of all patients from last 3 years fulfilling the selection criteria were reviewed by an orthodontic consultant and two post-graduate residents and data was recorded in a predesigned proforma. All mini-implants were inserted by a single operator (orthodontic consultant) with a hand driven autoclaved screwdriver compatible with Dentaurum Mini-Implant (Tomas Pin©). Length and Diameter of all miniimplants were chosen to be constant with 8mm length and 1.5mm diameter. All patient-related and location-related factors related to success of mini-implant were assessed. Results: The success rate in females (85.9%) was higher than in males (69.5%) and there was significant difference between males and females (p=0.023). The TADS inserted in higher bone quality (Q1=95.8%, Q2=94.4%) showed a significant difference (p=0.001) in success rate than those inserted in lower bone quality (Q3=38.1%, Q4=23.1%). Conclusion: Bone quality and gender were significant factors, which impact the clinical performance of orthodontic mini-implants. Other patient-related and location-related factors did not significantly impact the success rate of orthodontic mini-implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In clinical trial development, it is a critical step to submit applications, amendments, supplements, and reports on medicinal products to regulatory agencies. The electronic common technical document is the standard format to enable worldwide regulatory submission. There is a growing trend of using R for clinical trial analysis and reporting as part of regulatory submissions, where R functions, analysis scripts, analysis results, and all proprietary code dependencies are required to be included. One unmet and significant gap is the lack of tools, guidance, and publicly available examples to prepare submission R programs following the electronic common technical document specification. Methods: We introduce a simple and sufficient R package, pkglite, to convert analysis scripts and associated proprietary dependency R packages into a compact, text-based file, which makes the submission document self-contained, easy to restore, transfer, review, and submit following the electronic common technical document specification and regulatory guidelines (e.g. the study data technical conformance guide from the US Food and Drug Administration). The pkglite R package is published on Comprehensive R Archive Network and developed on GitHub. Results: As a tool, pkglite can pack and unpack multiple R packages with their dependencies to facilitate the reproduction and make it an off-the-shelf tool for both sponsors and reviewers. As a grammar, pkglite provides an explicit trace of the packing scope using the concept of file specifications. As a standard, pkglite offers an open file format to represent and exchange R packages as a text file. We use a mock-up example to demonstrate the workflow of using pkglite to prepare submission programs following the electronic common technical document specification. Conclusion: pkglite and the proposed workflow enable the sponsor to submit well-organized R scripts following the electronic common technical document specification. The workflow has been used in the first publicly available R-based submission to the US Food and Drug Administration by the R Consortium R submission working group (https://www.r-consortium.org/blog/2022/03/16/update-successful-r-based-test-package-submitted-to-fda). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of smartwatch users has been rapidly increasing in recent years. A smartwatch is a wearable device that collects various types of data using sensors and provides basic functions, such as healthcare‐related measurements and audio recording. In this study, we proposed the forensic authentication method for audio recordings from the Voice Recording application in the Samsung Galaxy Watch4 series. First, a total of 240 audio recordings from each of the four different models, paired with four different smartphones for synchronization via Bluetooth, were collected and verified. To analyze the characteristics of smartwatch audio recordings, we examined the transition of the audio latency, writable audio bandwidth, timestamps, and file structure between those generated in the smartwatches and those edited using the Voice Recording application of the paired smartphones. In addition, the devices with the audio recordings were examined via the Android Debug Bridge (ADB) tool and compared with the timestamps stored in the file system. The experimental results showed that the audio latency, writable audio bandwidth, and file structure of audio recordings generated by smartwatches differed from those generated by smartphones. Additionally, by analyzing the file structure, audio recordings can be classified as unmanipulated, manipulation has been attempted, or manipulated. Finally, we can forensically authenticate the audio recordings generated by the Voice Recorder application in the Samsung Galaxy Watch4 series by accessing the smartwatches and analyzing the timestamps related to the audio recordings in the file system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: This paper proposes an instrumental variable regression estimator of population totals using a sample, a set of links between the sample units and records on an administrative file, and a set of calibration totals calculated from the administrative file. This paper proposes a survey‐weighted estimator of a population total that is valid when the survey non‐response mechanism is non‐ignorable and false negatives occur in the administrative‐survey linkage. False negatives lead to measurement error in the administrative variables that are available on the survey and will lead to biased estimates if not taken into account. We show the benefit of the proposed approach in a simulation and in a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that in the Ottoman Empire, no official attempt was made to compile Turkish words used among the people. However, archival documents show otherwise, there were two unknown official attempts, one in the time of Abdülhamid and the other at the Second Constitutional Period. The subject of compiling Turkish words used among the people first started in 1894 with the proposal of an unknown person named Ethem, who introduced himself as a Bosnian immigrant. As a result of the personal initiative of Grand Vizier Cevad Pasha, a circular was sent to the provincial education administrations that the Turkish words used among the people were compiled and sent to the center by recording them in the tables. However, this first attempt was inconclusive due to the skepticism of Sultan Abdülhamid and the indifference of the Ministry of Education. The issue of compiling the words that lived in the folk language but were not included in the dictionaries was brought up again because of the initiatives of Celal Sahir, the director of Bilgi Magazine, during the Second Constitutional Period. In 1914, a new circular was sent to the provinces regarding the compilation of Turkish words. Compilation charts began to arrive from the provinces to the Ministry of Education. However, while the cover letters about the compilation charts from the provinces remained in the Ministry of Education, the charts were sent to Celal Sahir. The compilation charts were requested from Celal Sahir by the Ministry of Education later; but there is no record in the file about what Celal Sahir replied or whether he answered. Celal Sahir did not make any statement on this issue in the following period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the evolution of individual earnings inequality and dynamics in Canada from 1983 to 2016 using tax files and administrative records. Linking individual tax filers to their employers (and rich administrative records on firms) beginning in 2001, it also documents the relationship between the earnings dynamics of workers and the size and growth of their employers. It highlights three main patterns over this period: First, with a few exceptions (sharp increase in top 1% and declining gender gap), Canada has experienced relatively modest changes in overall earnings inequality, volatility, and mobility between 1983 and 2016. Second, earnings inequality and the distribution of earnings growth vary substantially over the business cycle. Third, the earnings dynamics of individuals are strongly related to the size and employment growth of their employers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]