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The proposed research aimed to examine abusive leadership and workplace ostracism as predictors of employee silence among school teachers in Sargodha, Pakistan. Studies further tend to examine the moderating role of power distance. Purposive sampling was employed to acquire the data. The research variables were quantified using the Abusive Supervision Scale (Mitchell & Ambrose, 2007), Workplace Exclusion Scale (Hitlan & Noel, 2009), Silence Scale (Van Dyne et al., 2003) and Power Distance Scale (Dorfman & Howell, 1988). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between abusive leadership, workplace ostracism, employee silence, and power distance. Results showed that abusive leadership, ostracism, silence, and power distance have a positive relationship with each other. The findings of linear regression revealed that abusive leadership, ostracism and power distance positively predicted employee silence. Moderation analysis revealed that power distance significantly moderated the relationship of abusive leadership and workplace ostracism with employee silence. The proposed research provides some recommendations and conclusions for future researchers who may be interested in examining the abuse that teachers experience in a high-power-distance culture that compels them to act silently.

Research shows that peer relationships are associated with students' school adjustment. However, the importance of advantageous and disadvantageous factors for students' educational outcomes may vary by socioeconomic positioning. Drawing on sociometric and register data from a nationally representative sample of Swedish youth (n = 4996, girls 50%; migration background 19%), this study asks if family socioeconomic status moderates associations between youth's peer relationships and their subsequent educational outcomes. Based on preregistered analyses, associations that peer acceptance and rejection at age 14-15 years share with school grades at [approximately]16 years and completion of upper secondary school at [approximately]20 years were tested. The findings showed that positive and adverse peer relationships are most consequential for the educational outcomes of socioeconomically disadvantaged youth.

There has been a heightened awareness of an increased risk of suicidality among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to high rates of suicidal ideation (SI) in this population (11-66%). The current study investigated the rate of parent-endorsed SI and associated clinical features in 48 youths with ASD (Age; M: 12.97 years, SD: 2.33). SI was endorsed in 18.75% of participants. Youth with SI exhibited significantly higher levels of affective problems, externalizing problems, feelings of humiliation and rejection, and symptoms related to perfectionism. Results indicate that co-occurring mental health problems are associated with suicidal ideation and provide relevant targets for psychotherapeutic intervention. This preliminary study in a modest sample suggests the value of further research in larger samples to replicate and generalize these findings.

According to the failure model (Patterson & Capaldi, 1990), peer rejection is the intermediary link between problem behaviors and internalizing symptoms. The present study tested the model with 464 monozygotic and same-sex dizygotic twin pairs (234 female, 230 male dyads). Teacher-reported reactive aggression and internalizing symptoms, and peer-reported peer rejection were collected at ages 6, 7, and 10 (from 2001 to 2008). Support for the failure model emerged in conventional non-genetically controlled analyses, but not twin-difference score analyses (which remove shared environmental and genetic contributions). Univariate biometric models attributed minimal variance in failure model variables to shared environmental factors, suggesting that genetic factors play an important unacknowledged role in developmental pathways historically ascribed to nonshared experiences in the failure model.

Students with disabilities have described issues related to participating in activities during physical education (PE) classes with feelings of being excluded. This study investigates the inclusive process of the Deaf or hard of hearing students in school from the specific context of PE class. Qualitative research using semi-structured face to face interviews were utilised with a convenience sample of seven Deaf or Hard of hearing students. All interviews were conducted on a dialogue with assistance of a professional sign language interpreter. The results were analysed through Delucca's theoretical framework on inclusion. Thematic analysis revealed two major categories: (1) I don't understand; and (2) Feeling invisible. These categories exposed the difficulties of the inclusive PE class environment on Deaf and hard of hearing students. Students expressed difficulties understanding the PE activities and sports proposed during classes. Sign language or other strategies to communicate were not part of teachers support system for instruction, nor did the teachers interact with the Deaf students or their interpreters. All social interactions of the Deaf children were limited to the sign language interpreter. PE classes were recognised by Deaf and hard of hearing students as a place of non-acceptance and indifference.

This study aims to adapt the Adult Interpersonal Acceptance Rejection Scale to Turkish culture and examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of this scale. 653 university students selected by the convenience sampling method constitute the study sample. The original factor structure of the scale was examined by confirmatory factor analysis. The results revealed that the original factor structure of the Adult Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection Scale was confirmed in the Turkish sample. The internal consistency of the scale items was associated with the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient and was calculated as 0.908. In addition, Cronbach's alpha values were 0.915 for the mother acceptance sub-dimension, 0.909 for best friend acceptance sub-dimension, and 0.911 for the romantic partner acceptance sub-dimension. Correlation coefficients were calculated between the Adult Interpersonal Acceptance Rejection Scale and the Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale, the Interdependent Happiness Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Scale to prove the validity of the criterion. The results showed that the sub-dimensions of the scales were significantly related. These results show that the Turkish version of the Adult Interpersonal Acceptance Rejection Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used for research purposes to determine the levels of interpersonal acceptance and rejection of adult individuals.

This article aimed to examine the relationships between Chinese parenting styles and child academic achievement through a meta-analytical review. After literature screening, 54 studies and 793 independent effect sizes that met the inclusion criteria were incorporated into the analysis (n = 24630). According to the results of the study, positive parenting styles like "emotional warmth and understanding" had prominent beneficial effects on child academic achievement, whilst negative ones such as "punishment and harshness", "overinvolvement and overprotection", "preference for the subject", "rejection and denial") were significantly unfavorable for child academic performance. In addition, the relation between parental overinvolvement and overprotection and child academic achievement was moderated by parental roles. Children's ages could moderate the relationships between parenting styles (except for overinvolvement and overprotection) and child academic results. The connection between parental preference for the subject and child academic achievement was moderated by disciplines. The effects of parents' emotional warmth and understanding as well as overinvolvement and overprotection were moderated by times.

Small group social skills training (SST) is recommended to improve the social behavior and peer relations of rejected children, but child responses vary. This study explored variation in intervention experiences that emerged in a large study of a school-based SST program for peer-rejected children and associations with program outcomes. One hundred and seven peer-rejected elementary students (60% White, 15% Black, 22% Latinx, 3% Multi-racial, and 65% male) were identified by classroom sociometrics and randomly assigned to a year-long small group SST program. Normative classmates served as partners. Among the peer-rejected targets of the intervention, those with relatively better pretreatment social skills received more SST sessions and were more positively engaged, whereas those with fewer social skills and more behavior problems experienced more negative peer responses during SST sessions and less collateral support from teachers and parents. Hierarchical regressions (controlling for pretreatment scores) revealed attenuated intervention benefits for children who received more negative peer responses during SST and less parent and teacher support. The findings suggest that, within a sample of peer-rejected children, those with more severe skill deficits and elevated behavior problems at pretreatment have lower-quality SST experiences that reduce intervention benefits, even when normative classmates serve as peer partners. These issues warrant careful attention in future SST intervention design and research.

This research aimed to establish the relationship between the social exclusion perceived by gifted and talented students and their sense of humor. Besides, the goal was to evaluate the relationship between the variables of the use of humor, the process of coping through a sense of humor, and the appreciating humor in cases of ignoring and avoiding during social exclusion. A relational screening model was used in the research. Among the research variables included in the model, social exclusion (ostracism) is considered as a dependent variable, while the sense of humor is an independent variable. The study group is composed of 202 students who are diagnosed as gifted and talented students. Within the scope of the study, the "Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale for Children" developed by Akin and Bilgin (2015) and the "Social Exclusion Scale for Adolescents" developed by Sertelin Mercan (2016) have been applied. When the data collected as a result of the study was examined, it was revealed that there was a positive relationship between the sub-dimensions of generating a sense of humor, coping through humor, and appreciating humor, which is the sense of humor sub-dimensions of gifted and talented students and the exclusion subdimension of social exclusion. This situation shows that gifted and talented children generate a sense of humor, cope with this situation through humor, and appreciate humor when they face exclusion in their social environment.

Social rejection is an undesirable phenomenon with serious present and future implications for children who experience it. Growing rates of social rejection and bullying in elementary-school children, especially on social networks, have been examined mostly from a pathological perspective focused on the rejected child or rejecting group. This qualitative study sought developmental explanations for the phenomenon's pervasiveness during the latency period. Specifically, it examined the individual-group interplay underlying social rejection to identify normative and nonnormative development explaining social rejection during middle childhood. Twelve focus groups of 140 Israeli children in Grade 5 discussed social rejection and other social issues. Data were categorized according to Moustakas's revised van Kaam method, yielding three themes. Participants suggested that children reject peers who do not conform to the group's developmental needs for (a) independence from adults, (b) social uniformity, and (c) participation in defiant, negative behaviors. Thus, the findings confirmed that such rejection and even bullying play a normative developmental role in latency. Practical implications for educators and mental health professionals and directions for future research are discussed to offer teachers, parents, and therapists an approach to preventing or treating social rejection at this age.

This study investigates the association between classroom practices and individual social status outcomes in junior high. A nested design using 678 grade 7 and 8 students in 38 classrooms showed that classroom practices are associated with peer social status. Classrooms rated high on "instruction" were associated with a decreased probability of students with rejected status. In contrast, classrooms rated high on "atmosphere" and "student engagement" were associated with an increased probability of students with rejected and popular status. Student perceptions of classrooms revealed that "social comparison" was associated with an increased probability of students with both rejected and popular status, while "competition" was associated with an increased probability of students with popular status. Results inform intervention programs that target the peer ecology of the classroom by raising teachers' awareness of the intersection between pedagogical practices and student social status among peers.

This paper reports the findings of a narrative study with two pre-service English language teachers (PELTs) who have dyslexia. The main objective of the study was to understand how this condition of having dyslexia was present in becoming an English language teacher. The two PELTs participated in a life history interview as part of the data collection. By considering the main objective of the study, the researchers used the information collected to write the narratives and subsequently proceeded to interpret and analyze them. The findings show that dyslexia is as serious as any other disability, and it does generate rejection and lack of understanding on the part of teachers and other PELTs. Furthermore, negative feelings linked to the learning or teaching process are generated in PELTs with dyslexia, which leads them to hide their condition to avoid discrimination most of the time. However, findings also show that once negative feelings were overcome, PELTs turn their problem into an advantage, discovering themselves as more empathetic to those with special needs and making them more resourceful teachers. We conclude that although PELTs can turn their weaknesses into strengths, the role of teacher educators is also fundamental in the processes of identity construction; teacher educators might provide spaces and strategies to minimize the conditions that affect the performance of PELTs, both as language students and as language teachers.

This study is designed to identify the prejudice or discriminatory behaviors towards refugee children that can be observed in children in early childhood and to determine the extent of the interaction of refugee children with other children. It is a case study which is one of the qualitative research methods. In this study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 pre-school teachers, who had refugee children in their class, through the semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. As a result of the study, it was concluded that although there is no complete integration in the classes with refugee children, children do not have any prejudice or discriminatory behaviors towards refugee children, and even Turkish children cooperate with refugee children. In the education and adaptation of refugee children, it was concluded that the failure in speaking the Turkish language is an important obstacle, and the way in which children are raised in the family and cultural differences cause disciplinary problems in refugee children in some cases. It suggests that provision in the classroom of language and adaptation training for the integration of refugee children will help to integrate the cultural differences of children into the classroom environment.

As in other organizations, there is ostracism also in educational organizations. Apart from the individual consequences of being ostracized, there are also undesirable organizational consequences. Considering the potential of educational organizations to transform individuals, the effect of ostracism on teachers becomes particularly important. The purpose of the study was to examine the reasons for and results of the ostracism that teachers face at schools by the school principals, and the recommendations for solutions to prevent ostracism. The study group of the study, which was structured with the phenomenology design, consisted of 12 elementary and middle primary school teachers who had personal experience with ostracism. The data collected through interviews were analyzed with content analysis. The study revealed that teachers were exposed to ostracism for political, social and/or individual reasons. Ostracized teachers experienced psychological and organizational problems. The teachers stated that preventing ostracism in schools would be possible with a more democratic and fairer organizational culture.

The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of interpersonal cognitive distortions between perceived parental rejection and dating anxiety in emerging adults. The study also examined whether gender and grade level also differ in terms of dating anxiety. Participants were 574 (334 women, 240 men) university students studying in a state university in Turkey who were reached with stratified sampling method. The data were collected with Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire-Short Form, Dating Anxiety Scale and Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale. The results of the study showed positive correlations between perceived parental rejection and dating anxiety and interpersonal cognitive distortions. According to the path analysis results, interpersonal cognitive distortions were partial mediator in relationship between perceived maternal rejection and dating anxiety. However, it was found that paternal rejection had a direct effect on dating anxiety, and cognitive distortions did not have a mediating role on this relationship. It was found that dating anxiety did not differ significantly in terms of gender, while it differed in terms of grade level. Warmth and acceptance centred parent-child relationship can be considered as a protective factor that can increase the dating anxiety by increasing the cognitive distortions.

Ostracism in the academic workplace has not received attention commensurate with its frequency and seriousness. One of the more detailed models of workplace ostracism incorporates the organisational antecedents of ostracism, its pragmatic and psychological impact and behavioural outcomes. Using a detailed written account of experiences within an Australian university, the model is examined to determine its limitations and suggest extensions which may make it more applicable to academic environments. This paper advances a modified version of the model, tailored specifically to cater for ostracism within academia, by taking into consideration the nature of the academic workplace and the significance of scholarly reputation. Future research may identify additional extensions for academia as well as modifications to the original model to ensure its applicability to other specialised workplaces. This may also lead to better ways in which to anticipate and prevent the antecedents of workplace ostracism and ameliorate its consequences.

Relations among White (non-Latinx) children's empathy-related responding, prosocial behaviors, and racial attitudes toward White and Black peers were examined. In 2017, 190 (54% boys) White 5- to 9-year-old children (M = 7.09 years, SD = 0.94) watched a series of videos that depicted social rejection of either a White or Black child. Empathy-related responses, prosocial behaviors, and racial attitudes were measured using multiple methods. Results showed that younger children showed less facial concern toward Black than White peers and greater increases with age in concern and prosocial behaviors (sharing a desirable prize) for Black, compared to White, targets. Children's facial anger increased with age for White but not Black targets. The findings can extend our understanding children's anti-racism development.

Introduction: Individual social status among peers (i.e., acceptance and rejection) has important implications for students' social and academic development. The present study investigates the role of individual problem behavior and classroom norms in the development of acceptance and rejection among students with intellectual disabilities (ID) in special needs schools. Methods: School staff reported on problem behavior and social status of 1125 students with ID (M = 11.26 years, SD = 3.76; 31% female) in special needs schools at the beginning and end of a school year. Results: More individual problem behavior at the beginning of the year predicted students' lower acceptance and greater rejection at the end of the year, controlling for earlier problem behavior and other variables. The effect of problem behavior was independent of the prevailing classroom norms. Conclusion: Our findings show that behavioral problems pose a risk for social exclusion of students with ID among their peers in special needs settings.

Objective: This study examines rape myth acceptance among students attending a Historically Black College (HBCU). Participants: One hundred and thirty two students participated in the study. Methods: A survey consisting of demographic questions and the Updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (IRMA) was distributed using an anonymous paper questionnaire to students on campus. Results: Analysis of the scale indicate a moderate to high rejection of rape myths regardless of gender, with the highest acceptance in both genders of the "She Lied" subscale. Both male and female students were likely to agree that a girl would lie about being raped to get even with a guy or after a sexual encounter that she regretted. Gender differences were found in the "She asked for it" subscale, with men having a statistically significant higher acceptance than women. Conclusions: These results have implications for the design and implementation of targeted sexual assault interventions on HBCU campuses.

The present paper highlights that social inequality in some rural regions can substantially and harshly affect school coexistence. The present study is carried out in a Spanish rural school, and it aimed to understand which factors affected coexistence and generated situations of exclusion. Participant observation and the different voices in contrast -- students and teachers -- reveal how the environment has generated a situation of exclusion in some families who have recently settled in the village. Furthermore, the unfair socioeconomic situation of the outsiders, legitimated at school by a punitive model of coexistence, turns teachers and students into approving actors of structural violence resulting in the rejection and isolation of some students. Together with the value of ethnography, these results are discussed to transform the teachers' beliefs and perceptions about coexistence.

This study analysed the associations between preschoolers' perceived maternal acceptance-rejection and their social and emotional competence. Participants were 90 Portuguese children (55.6% boys) aged 54-82 months and their parents. Children completed the Early Childhood Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Mothers' Short Form) and parents reported the children's social and emotional skills using the Social Skills Rating System and the Emotion Regulation Checklist. Significant correlations between perceived maternal acceptance-rejection and children's age and mothers' education were found. Older children reported higher maternal rejection and children with lower educated mothers perceived less maternal warmth/affection. Moreover, hierarchical regression analysis showed that after controlling for children's age and mothers' education, maternal rejection contributes independently to children's social skills, with children who perceive more maternal rejection showing fewer social skills. The findings suggest that families should be supported with more knowledge about the importance of expressing daily warmth to children in early childhood.

Research Findings: The present study examined the relationship between poverty (income-to-needs ratio [INR], parent education, material hardship, and food insecurity) and children's school readiness (vocabulary, mathematic skills, and phonological awareness) through the mediating roles of stimulation and chaos in the home environment, maternal depression, and perceived maternal rejection. Participants were 5-year-old children (N = 184) and their mothers living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods in Turkey. Mothers completed scales regarding poverty, home quality, and depression. Children were tested for their school readiness via several assessments. Moreover, children reported the parenting quality of their mothers. The results indicated that family INR and parent education positively, and food insecurity negatively predicted children's school readiness through the mediation of stimulation at home and perceived maternal rejection. Stimulation at home was positively related to children's math skills and receptive vocabulary, mothers' depression was negatively related to math skills, and perceived maternal rejection was negatively related to receptive vocabulary and phonological awareness. Practice or Policy: Implications of the findings for social policies and intervention programs are discussed. Improving home environment quality and mothers' parenting behaviors should be targeted in future policies to contribute to children's school readiness.

The differential susceptibility model proposes that some children are more susceptible to both positive and negative peer relationships than others. However, experimental evidence supporting such a proposition is relatively scarce. The current experiment aimed to help address this gap, investigating whether Chinese (pre)adolescents who have higher levels of general sensitivity to the environment (i.e., higher levels of sensory processing sensitivity [SPS]) would be more strongly affected by peer acceptance and rejection. (Pre)adolescents aged 8.75-15.17 (N = 1,207, M[subscript age] = 11.19 years, 59.7% boys) randomly received four hypothetical vignettes describing either peer acceptance or peer rejection. Before and after this manipulation, they reported on their positive and negative mood. We assessed (pre)adolescents' SPS using (pre)adolescent self-reports, as well as caregiver reports for a subset of (pre)adolescents (n = 480). Results supported differential susceptibility to peer rejection and acceptance for self-reported SPS, but not caregiver-reported SPS. (Pre)adolescents with higher levels of self-reported SPS not only had stronger increases in positive mood upon peer acceptance (susceptible "for better"; [beta] = 0.09, p = 0.001) but also stronger increases in negative mood upon peer rejection (susceptible "for worse"; [beta] = 0.09, p = 0.023). These findings illustrate the short-term dynamics that may underlie differences in children's long-term susceptibility to acceptance or rejection by peers.

This study aims to determine whether assertiveness predicts restriction anxiety, separation anxiety and expectation of rejection, which are the sub-dimensions of Separation-Individuation Test of Adolescence. The study was conducted with high school students in a Central Anatolian city during the second semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. A total of 488 students, 324 girls and 164 boys, participated in the study. Regression, Pearson correlation and t test were used in the analysis of the data obtained T-test results indicated that sex significantly differentiated the scores of separation anxiety while it did not differentiate the scores of restriction anxiety and expectation of rejection. Correlation analysis showed that there was a negative relationship between assertiveness level of adolescents and level of separation-individuation (restriction anxiety, separation anxiety and expectation of rejection). Regression analysis revealed that assertiveness was the negative predictor of separation anxiety, expectation of rejection and restriction anxiety. These results indicate that, for a healthy development in adolescence, a critical period in personality development, becoming assertive and escaping passiveness can have a significant contribution to the personality development of the individual. The findings of the research were discussed and interpreted within the framework of the literature and suggestions were made to researchers and practitioners.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects executive function and attention. Many children display ADHD-like symptoms. However, diagnosis requires at least six symptoms that interfere significantly with a child's life for a period of time. School and home can be greatly influenced by executive function deficits that characterize the disorder. A variety of interventions are needed at home and at school to support children with ADHD. Without appropriate interventions, they may have more difficulty coping with the long-term challenges in their lives.

This study examined the mediating role of psychological maladjustment in the relationship between Turkish high school students' perception of teacher rejection and educational stress levels. The study was based on a sample of 399 high school students located in Turkey (231 students were female; 168 students were male). The Teacher's Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire: Child Version Short Form, the Personality Assessment Questionnaire: Child Version, Education Stress Scale, and Personal Information Form were used as measures. Result revealed that psychological maladjustment mediated the relationship between perception of teacher rejection and educational stress. Additionally, the results showed that female students' educational stress levels, psychological maladjustment levels, and GPAs were significantly higher than male students. However, male students' perception of teacher rejection levels was significantly higher than female students. Results also documented that younger female and male students tended to recall more educational stress than older female and male students. GPA was significantly and negatively correlated with psychological maladjustment for males. The results may help the expansion of the IPARTheory. At the practical level, school counselors may include individual or group counseling practices to increase students' psychological adjustment in intervention programs to prevent or eliminate educational stress. [Note: the citation on the PDF is incorrect.]

Objectives: Adolescents endeavor to meet their social needs, to be accepted and to develop close friendship relationships. However, quality and close relationships may not always be possible. Identity development may be affected if adolescents cannot be included in social groups and cannot establish quality friendship relationships. This can be caused to false identity of adolescents who have not yet gained the ability to develop a original identity. Methods: The study group consisted of three high schools, determined according to the entrance score of secondary education in Sivas city center and 510 students enrolled in secondary education with general aptitude exams in the 2017-2018 academic year. Social Exclusion Experiences Scale for Adolescents, False Identity Scale for Adolescents and Friendship Quality Scale were used as data collection tools. Results: According to the regression analysis findings, it was observed that false self and acceptance variables predicted significant negligence, which is the sub-dimension of social exclusion variable. It significantly predicts the exclusion sub-dimension of the social exclusion variable of proximity and acceptance variables. Conclusion: The results of this study will contribute to adolescent identity development and will provide guidance to parents and teachers in order to establish a healthy friendship relations.

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of social connectedness on the relationship between university students' parents acceptance-rejection and loneliness. The research was carried out with the descriptive research method. The universe of the research consists of 6818 students who attend Atatürk Faculty of Education in the 2019-2020 academic year. The sample of the study was determined using the stratified sampling method. The sample of the study consists of 387 university students, 271 of whom are women (70%) and 116 of them are men (30%). The scales used are Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Scale - Short Form, Ucla Loneliness Scale and Social Connectedness Scale. In line with the main purpose of the study, the model proposed to explain loneliness theoretically was tested and tested by the Structural Equation Model analysis. Relationship between variables in data analysis were determined by Pearson Correlation Analysis. The findings show that the model has acceptable significance and the model is statistically confirmed. According to the verified model; it is seen that the perception of parents' acceptance/rejection in childhood has an effect on loneliness. When the mediator effect of social connectedness is examined, in the model; it appears that the mediating role of social connectedness is confirmed.

The present study examines whether low body image satisfaction in school-aged children predicts decreasing academic engagement and the degree to which risk factors such as emotional problems, peer rejection, and low physical activity exacerbate this association. The participants (ages 8-10) were 353 children (177 boys, 176 girls) from a public school required to represent the state of Florida in terms of ethnicity and family income. Children completed self-reports of body image satisfaction, academic engagement, physical activity, and emotional problems at two time points (in the fall and the winter of the same academic year). Peer rejection was assessed through peer nominations. Low levels of body image satisfaction predicted greater subsequent declines in academic engagement, an association that was particularly strong for children with emotional problems and for children rejected by peers. The findings have practical implications, suggesting that low body image satisfaction during childhood should be added to the list of risk factors that predict early declining engagement in school.

Autistic students often experience peer relationship difficulties. As peer acceptance and rejection may be malleable over time, we examined predictors of change in peer acceptance and peer rejection among early elementary-age autistic students. We followed 166 autistic children (mean age: 6.1 years [range: 4-8], 82.5% boys, grades preK-2nd) longitudinally across 2 school years. Social skills, internalizing problems, and externalizing behaviors were considered as predictors of change in teacher-rated peer acceptance and rejection, covarying IQ and autism characteristics. Autistic children experienced high rejection and low acceptance; 51.9% of children were rejected by peers in one or both school years. Results revealed distinct predictors for peer acceptance versus rejection: social skills predicted change in peer acceptance across school years, whereas externalizing problems predicted change in peer rejection. Internalizing problems did not predict change in either construct. Findings can assist school professionals in supporting social acceptance and acceptance for young autistic students. [For the corresponding Grantee Submission, see ED621597.]

Social media can lead to rejection, cyber-bullying victimisation, and cyber-aggression, and these experiences are not fully understood as experienced by autistic adults. To investigate this, 78 autistic adults completed self-report measures of social media use, cyber-bullying victimisation, cyber-aggression, and self-esteem. High levels of social media use were found to be associated with an increased risk of cyber-victimisation; whereas self-esteem was positively correlated with feelings of belonging to an online community and negatively correlated with feelings of being ignored on social network sites and chat rooms. Future studies are needed to further investigate the experience of cyber-bullying victimisation of autistic adults.

The issue of trust in science has come to the fore in recent years. I focus on vaccines, first looking at what is known about trust in vaccines and then concentrating on whether what science education teaches about vaccines can be trusted. I present an argument to connect the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy to the issue of trust and then argue for what an education about vaccines in school science might look like that takes seriously the notion of respect for students, including students who hold views about vaccination with which science teachers might disagree. Trust in others (people and institutions) varies greatly, both between countries and within countries, and depends on the characteristics of both trustor and trustee, and there are great differences in the extent to which people trust vaccines. However, it is a mistake to think that people who do not trust vaccines are simply ill-informed. There are a range of reasons for rejecting what is often an unexamined narrative about vaccines, namely that vaccines are always desirable. Many people come from communities that have sound reasons for being suspicious of what they are told by governments, business and the medical establishment. COVID-19 and earlier reactions to vaccination health scares show how important high-quality education about vaccines is. Much of that education can take place out of school, but the foundations are laid in school. Vaccine rejection and hesitancy have major global public health implications. Good quality vaccine education should help students understand about relevant biology and the nature of science; it should also be respectful of all students, including those who come from families that reject vaccines or are hesitant about them.

The aim of this research is to review the relationship between university students' resilience and levels of social exclusion and forgiveness. Study group of the research includes 355--206 (58%) female and 149 (42%) male--students who marked at least one item in Risk Factors Determination List. This study is a correlational survey model. The Resilience Scale, The Risk Factors Determination List, The Social Exclusion Scale for Adolescents and Forgiveness Scale are used as data collection tools. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis are used in data analysis. In the wake of correlation analysis, a significant relationship cannot be found between resilience and forgiveness level. A negative and significant relationship is found between resilience and exclusion and negligence sub-dimensions of social exclusion. In the wake of regression analysis, sub-dimensions of social exclusion predict resilience. In order to increase the resilience of university students, rejection by their friends should be minimized, and in order to prevent individuals from being exposed to social exclusion, communication skills can be improved. Social support, which is among the protective factors of resilience, has an important place in life of university students. Therefore, social activities that every student can participate in can be hold.

This paper is derived from a field study in the framework of my doctoral dissertation, in which we analyze life stories (Bertaux, 2005) of young people who have discontinued their studies at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) in four courses with a high rate of dropout between the years 2005-2015: Computer Engineering, Anthropological Sciences, Chemical Sciences and Communication Sciences. With that goal in mind, seventy-five interviews were conducted with fifty-nine people: sixteen key informants and forty-three young people who discontinued their university studies between 2005 and 2015. In this paper we present one aspect of the analysis: the reconstruction of the symbolic framework of the discontinuation experience from the perspective of its protagonist, and how this outlines specific types of discontinuation.

The perception of being ostracized in a foreign country is a great obstacle that may lead to international students' strain. The present study aimed to understand ostracism from the perspective of adult attachment. We proposed a moderated mediation model in which attachment anxiety was hypothesized as an antecedent of ostracism and as a moderator of the ostracism -- strain links. Participants were 119 international students enrolled at a large public university in U.S. Results largely supported the model, which showed that the attachment anxiety exaggerate the harmful effects of perceived ostracism on depression and physical symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

The quality of early parent-child relationship affects children's later emotional development, social competence and school performance (Caputi, Lecce, & Pagnin, 2017). Moreover, the perception of a warm relationship with parents supports the use of adaptive social skills and approach-oriented coping strategies (Chan, 2011). Children characterized by psychopathological symptoms are likely to experience difficulties in social adjustment over time (Burt, Obradovic, Long, & Masten, 2008) and typically present a dysfunctional coping style (Seiffge-Krenke, Weidemann, Fentner, Aegenheister, & Poeblau, 2001). In turn, children adopting maladaptive coping strategies usually have rejecting, ignoring, inconsistent, or punishing parents (Chan, 2011). This study investigates the effects of the interaction between psychopathological symptoms and parent-child relationship, controlling for their main effects, on social skills and coping strategies.

This study investigated both the risk factors and the protective factors against peer rejection at multiple levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their typically developing peers. Using standard sociometric procedure, we studied the peer rejection of 108 children with ADHD (aged 7 to 12) and their classmates of the same sex and age (n = 108). Risk factors (i.e., emotional/behavioral difficulties, academic performance, conflicts in the student-teacher relationship, parental rejection) predicted peer rejection in both groups, but the quality of relationships with teachers had a stronger predictive power in children with ADHD. Protective factors at multiple levels: individual ("extracurricular activity"), family ("parental warmth" and "family social support"), social ("school social support" and "friendship"), compensated for all the risks of peer rejection in children with ADHD. However, the effect of "prosocial" behavior was insignificant after controlling for emotional/behavioral problems. Only "school social support" and "friendship" moderated the relationship between rejection and the risk factors in children with ADHD. Compensatory and moderating effects of all factors were found in the comparison group. Prevention and intervention of the peer rejection of children with ADHD should be focused on multiple levels of factors, especially social ones.

This study aimed to investigate how children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adjust to school when compared to typically developing students. The convenience sample consisted of 135 children--27 with ADHD and 108 in the control group--and 19 prevalent teachers from 6 primary and secondary schools in Northwest Italy. Children were assessed with a sociometric questionnaire. Evaluations were also used to assess teachers' perceptions of their relationships with their students, children's behaviors, and children's academic competencies. Chi-squared tests, independent sample t tests, bivariate correlations, and one-way multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the data. The chi-squared test showed that children with ADHD were rejected by their peers and more unpopular than expected. The results of the one-way MANOVA tests showed greater difficulty on the teacher's part in establishing relationships based on affective closeness with children with ADHD than with typically developing children. Children with ADHD also showed higher levels in emotional symptoms, behavioral problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems than typically developing children. This study's findings suggest that teachers should consider the wellbeing of children with ADHD to improve their social and behavioral development on children's ability to adjust to school.

The article focuses on two different versions of the childhood and life history of a female "child of a Russian" who grew up in the Soviet occupation zone and the later German Democratic Republic (GDR). Besides a biographical-narrative interview, there is also a published text on the author's childhood memories. The article concentrates on the childhood of the author/interviewee, since the published version does not provide any information on her later life, and picks out two so-called "key scenes" that appear in both the published version and the interview, comparing the different versions with each other and examining them for ruptures, inconsistencies and changes. For the purpose of better understanding the analysis of these scenes, a third scene is added, which, however, only comes up in the interview. The analysis pursues the question of whether different presentations of a scene have something to do with the methodological particularities of an oral autobiographical narration as opposed to a written one, and what kind of knowledge is gained from contrasting two different self- testimonies.

Self-regulation is a process that may affect the degree of peer rejection but may also be determined by the degree of peer rejection, whereby the degree of acceptance/rejection can influence the processes that lead to the strengthening or weakening of self-regulation. In this study, we concentrate on self-regulatory mechanisms (self-regulated behavior and strategies for emotional regulation) in peer-rejected students compared to non-rejected students. With the aid of structural equation modeling, we identified models of self-regulation mechanisms in three groups of students according to their acceptance/rejection. These groups differ in the degree of peer rejection, the structure of the regulation of emotional relations, and the degree of self-regulation behavior. The results suggest that peer-rejected students do not form a monolithic group from the perspective of self-regulation mechanisms, as it is possible to identify diverse structures of relations between the self-regulation mechanisms that probably depend, inter alia, on the degree of peer rejection.

Purpose: Coworker relationships are important in every organization and especially in higher educational institutions (HEIs); however, ostracism is one of the factors that deteriorate these relationships. This study aims to analyse the impact of coworker ostracism on coworker directed knowledge hiding through the mediating role of relational identification and the moderating role of perceived harming intention. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 241 teaching faculty members working in HEIs of Lahore were surveyed. By using the bootstrapping technique, mediation and moderated mediation analysis was conducted via PROCESS models 4 and 7. Findings: The results concluded that perceived harming intention moderates the indirect relationship between coworker ostracism and coworker-directed knowledge hiding through relational identification with coworkers. Such that when more harmful intention is perceived the impact of coworker ostracism on coworker-directed knowledge hiding through reduced relational identification would be stronger. Practical implications: This study offers managerial implications for HEIs management and faculty for reducing coworker ostracism, improving relational identification and training about attribution techniques to minimize the impact of ostracism on knowledge hiding. Originality/value: This study has complimented and augmented the research strand of ostracism and knowledge hiding research from emphasizing lateral workplace relationships. Intertwining the Conservation of Resources Theory with Attribution theory a novel insight into the above-stated association is illuminated through the mediating role of relational capital and moderating role of perceived harming intention.

Objectives: Despite suggestions of strengths and abilities of autistic people, it has been an underexplored area in autism research, the primary focus of which has been on examining differences and atypicalities as deficits rather than strengths. Understanding the self-reported impediments via first-person accounts of autistic adults for facilitating the strengths is an important prerequisite for an in-depth comprehension of the unique diversities and potentialities of autistic people, and roadmap development. Objectives Methods: The study is based on qualitative phenomenological inductive thematic analysis through in-depth interviews with 10 verbally- and cognitively-able autistic adults, following purposive and snowball sampling. Methods Results: The impediments at home, school, and communities are presented through the five inductively extracted themes. Additionally, the study proposes future pathways for fostering an effective environment to nurture the innate potentialities of autistic people via a strength-focused lens. Results Conclusion: The study endorses the paradox of strength and atypicalities and advocates a shift from a deficit-focused approach to a strength-focused approach of support, and promotes the neurodiverse model of acceptance and embrace.

The hypothesis was tested that some children develop a defensive mindset that subsumes individual social information processing (SIP) steps, grows from early experiences, and guides long-term outcomes. In Study 1 (Fast Track [FT]), 463 age-5 children (45% girls; 43% Black) were first assessed in 1991 and followed through age 32 (83% retention). In Study 2 (Child Development Project [CDP]), 585 age-5 children (48% girls, 17% Black) were first assessed in 1987 and followed through age 34 (78% retention). In both studies, measures were collected of early adverse experiences, defensive mindset and SIP, and adult outcomes. Across both studies, a robust latent construct of school-age defensive mindset was validated empirically (comparative fit index = 0.99 in each study) and found to mediate the impact of early child abuse (38% in FT and 29% in CDP of total effect) and peer social rejection (14% in FT and 7% in CDP of total effect) on adult incarceration.