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Previous research has demonstrated disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders for men and ethnic minorities. The current study sought to investigate differences in eating pathology and measurement validity of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) at the intersection of gender and ethnicity in a nonclinical sample of undergraduates. A total sample of 1173 undergraduates (177 Latino men, 133 non-Latino White men, 554 Latina women, 309 non-Latina White women) completed the EDE-Q as part of a larger study on eating habits. A series of ANOVAs indicated a similar pattern of effects for gender and ethnicity for the original four-factor, 22-item EDE-Q and an alternative three-factor, seven-item variant. Women scored significantly higher than men on all subscales, and Latinx participants scored significantly higher than non-Latinx White participants on the Shape Concern and Weight Concern subscales. A significant interaction of gender by ethnicity was observed on the Shape Concern subscale in which larger effects of ethnicity were observed for men compared to women. Tests of confirmatory factor analysis suggested only the three-factor, seven-item EDE-Q provided acceptable fit and demonstrated scalar invariance across gender and ethnicity. Our study highlights the importance of examining eating pathology and measurement validity at the intersection of demographic characteristics. Results suggest that Latino men may be at higher risk of eating pathology relative to non-Latino White men and that a three-factor, seven-item EDE-Q appears to be a valid measure of eating pathology across gender and ethnicity among U.S. undergraduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the issues of epidemiology, conditions, and treatment of eating disorders in men which are not widely recognised in either Polish and other International research. The aim of this paper is to provide an narrative overview of published research to date on the epidemiology, determinants and treatment of eating disorders in males, to discuss some of the differences reported in studies of self-identified gender disparities, and differences in comparison to the literature on female eating disorders. The prevalence and extent of the issue is underestimated by those affected and by clinicians. Consequently, men suffering from eating disorders (EDs) are less likely to be recognised or to receive appropriated timely help. This paper is based on a narrative review analysis of research reports on EDs. The authors discuss the issue of EDs in the context of gender, indicating how self-identified gender can affect clinical presentation (including somatic self-perception, and the methods employed and motives in striving for a 'perfect' figure) and how these relate. Both the methods used in collecting data on eating disorders and the precision of diagnostic criteria for recognising eating disorders (mainly anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) (both on the DSM and ICD systems) are based largely on research conducted in female clinical populations. Analysis of the empirical material to date leads us to assume that symptoms of EDs in men are more often (than in the case of women) related to (self)stigmatisation, difficulties in obtaining a correct diagnosis, coexistent body dysmorphic disorders, substance addictions, and greater physical activity.'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The empirical structure of eating disorder (ED) pathology has often been studied in female, clinical samples, leaving questions about the structure of ED pathology in males and nonclinical samples. Method: A latent class analysis was performed on data combined from two different studies (N = 1,751) using the behavioral items in the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q; binge eating, self-induced vomiting, laxative use, and excessive exercise), with the addition of an item representing restraint. Validation analyses examined weight, shape, and eating concern among the classes. Results: Three similar classes emerged for both the men and women’s models: very low ED behaviors, binge eating, and high ED behaviors. Discussion: These results suggest that binge eating occurs within the context of lower symptom and higher symptom presentations, and that the empirical structure of ED symptoms does not differ in men and women in the nonclinical population. Further research is needed to clarify whether ED phenotypes differ in men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, male presentations of eating disorders (EDs) have been perceived as rare and atypical – a perception that has resulted in the systematic underrepresentation of males in ED research. This underrepresentation has profoundly impacted clinical practice with male patients, in which i) stigmatization and treatment non-engagement are more likely, ii) a distinct array of medical complexities are faced, and iii) symptom presentations differ markedly from female presentations. Further, the marginalization of males from ED research has hindered the assessment and clinical management of these presentations. This critical review provides an overview of the history of male EDs and synthesizes current evidence relating to the unique characteristics of male presentations across the diagnostic spectrum of disordered eating. Further, the emerging body of evidence relating to muscularity-oriented eating is synthesized in relation to the existing nosological framework of EDs. The impact of marginalizing male ED patients is discussed, in light of findings from epidemiological studies suggesting that clinicians will be increasingly likely to see males with ED in their practices. It is suggested that changes to current conceptualizations of ED pathology that better accommodation male ED presentations are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent overeating episodes, accompanied by loss of control (LOC), in the absence of compensatory behaviors. The literature supports that men overeat as often or more often than do women, but they are less likely to endorse LOC and other BED symptoms. Thus, rates of BED are lower among men. However, differences in prevalence rates may reflect gender bias in current conceptualizations of eating disorders and BED diagnostic criteria, not necessarily truly lower rates of disordered eating among men. The purpose of this study was to gather detailed information about how men experience overeating and related body image concerns, to identify common themes. The grounded theory approach was utilized to examine narratives from 11 overweight/obese male college students about their experiences with overeating, with results suggesting that overeating is consistent with male gender role, but LOC is not. Other overeating themes included mindless eating, emotional antecedents, negative consequences, unintentional dietary restriction, and social encouragement to overeat. Participants also reported dissatisfaction with their bodies, a desire for their bodies to be both muscular and thin, concerns related to their physical functioning and health, and a distinction between body image and self-worth. Collectively, these themes suggest further study to more fully explore the features and consequences of how disordered eating and body image concerns may manifest among men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much attention has been focused on eating disorders in young girls and women. Eating disorders in boys and men are not often discussed, yet rates are increasing and it is thought that a significant number of sufferers remain unidentified. In this article the author provides guidance on how disorders can be identified and managed, and what sources of support are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive models, targeting the development of eating disorders (EDs) in males, often employ a sociocultural perspective and empathize the importance of body dissatisfaction (BD). To further illuminate psychological factors contributing to the development of ED pathology, we propose a mediator model of disturbed eating and compensatory behavior (DECB) for men. This model suggests that emotion dysregulation and the susceptibility to body-related cognitive distortions (thought-shape fusion, TSF) mediate the relationship between BD and DECB. Based on data from a cross-sectional online-survey we tested our model in a non-clinical community sample of young men (N=123, 18–37 years). We found a significant positive association between BD and DECB, accounting for participant's body mass index (BMI), age and depressive symptoms. While TSF partially mediated the relationship between BD and DECB, we did not detect a corresponding effect for emotion dysregulation. Based on our findings, we concluded that TSF, which describes specific distorted cognitions with respect to one's own body triggered by fattening/ forbidden food, contributes to the pathological eating- and body-related behavior in men who are dissatisfied with their body. We suggest that TSF should be included in etiological models as a relevant aspect of cognitive information processing with emotional and behavioral consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eating disorders are traditionally thought of as a problem specific to women, but evidence suggests the disorders also occur in men. Identifying the problem and referring patients for treatment can be difficult. Understanding the nuances of these disorders and realizing the incidence in men is important, as it is often overlooked as a differential diagnosis. Eating disorders are traditionally thought of as a problem specific to women, but evidence suggests the disorders also occur in men. Identifying the problem and referring patients for treatment can be difficult. Understanding the nuances of these disorders and realizing the incidence in men is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined if familial and peer social support longitudinally predicted disordered eating for late adolescents in the transitional first year of college, and if body dissatisfaction mediated this relation. Gender differences between support types and disordered eating, and body dissatisfaction as a mediator, were also examined.Participants/methods: 651 late adolescent males and females (Mage=18.47) completed measures of social support at the end of the first semester of college and of disordered eating and body image approximately five months later, at the end of the first year.Results: Lower levels of familial social support prospectively predicted greater disordered eating, but not greater body dissatisfaction, and lower levels of peer social support prospectively predicted greater body dissatisfaction but not greater disordered eating, above and beyond the other type of social support type, prior levels of body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and BMI. Body dissatisfaction did not mediate the relation between familial social support and disordered eating; however, it did significantly mediate the non-significant relation between peer social support and disordered eating, which was further moderated by gender.Conclusion: These findings suggest that parental social support remains a significant predictor of disordered eating for late adolescents even after they transition to college, and has a stronger relation to disordered eating than peer support. In contrast, peer social support seems to be especially linked to feelings of body dissatisfaction and may be an avenue for intervention of this type of negative self-perception that is a risk factor for later disordered eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Deficits in emotion regulation are known to characterize disordered eating patterns including binge eating, purging, and dietary restraint, though much of this work has been conducted exclusively on women. Eating expectancies, or expectations regarding reinforcement from food and eating, constitute one cognitive mechanism that is thought to serve as a proximal influence on eating behavior. Previous research shows that eating to manage negative affect (a negative eating expectancy) is associated with eating pathology in women, but less is known about eating as a reward or for pleasure (a positive eating expectancy). In addition, no prior work has examined eating expectancies among men. This study examines the role of emotion regulation and eating expectancies on disordered eating in women and men.Materials and Methods: Participants were 121 female and 80 male undergraduates who completed self-report measures of emotion regulation, eating expectancies, and disordered eating.Results: In women, body mass index (BMI), emotion regulation, and eating to manage negative affect directly predicted disordered eating in the final multivariate model, whereas eating for pleasure or reward was inversely associated with disordered eating. However, in men, emotion regulation predicted disordered eating, but not when eating expectancies were added to the model. In the final model, only BMI and eating to manage negative affect contributed significantly to the variance in disordered eating.Conclusions: These findings suggest that some correlates of eating pathology, particularly eating expectancies, may vary by gender. Future research should continue to examine gender differences in the explanatory mechanisms underlying disordered eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Much research points to higher levels of disordered eating and more negative body image in gay and bisexual men than in heterosexual men. The reasons for this difference, however, remain unclear. We hypothesized that disturbed body image and eating attitudes in gay and bisexual men would be partially explained by susceptibility to social messages.Methods: Two hundred and sixty-two men (203 heterosexual, 46 gay and 13 bisexual) between 18 and 35 years of age participated in the study. They completed measures of disordered eating, body image, internalization of attitudes toward appearance, and concern for appropriateness. In addition, they were asked to what extent they were influenced by ten advertisements, four that emphasized physical appearance, and six that did not.Results: As shown in previous research, gay and bisexual men reported higher levels of disordered eating and dissatisfaction with their bodies than heterosexual men. In addition, the gay and bisexual men were more susceptible than the heterosexual men to social messages, and reported being significantly more influenced than heterosexual men by advertisements focusing on physical appearance, but not by other advertisements. Susceptibility to social messages fully mediated the association between sexual orientation and disordered eating.Discussion: Results provide support for the hypothesis that sensitivity to social messages about appearance explains, at least partially, the link between sexual orientation and disordered eating in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A retrospective chart review was conducted to elucidate the clinical and medical characteristics of male youth admitted to a tertiary inpatient treatment center for eating disorders. A total of 23 male youth were identified who had received treatment between January 2003 and February 2014, and for whom charts were available. The majority of the sample (n= 19; 82.6%) received a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, and the data suggest that these male youth were significantly medically compromised. The patterns in this data will be discussed in the context of previous published research on male youth with eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objectives. Females are more likely to develop an eating disorder (ED) than males. Studies of affected men may therefore inform models of risk and resilience to EDs. The aim of this study was to examine putative neurocognitive intermediate phenotypes of EDs in affected males. Methods. Cognitive flexibility, central coherence (global/detail processing), complex emotion recognition and social-threat sensitivity were investigated in men with EDs and healthy men. Measures of distress, perfectionism, and obsessive compulsivity were collected. Results. Men with EDs were more cognitively inflexible across tasks and had more difficulty integrating global information than healthy men. Unexpectedly, there were no group differences on a visuospatial task of detail processing or on social-emotional processing tasks. Men with EDs had higher scores on measures of distress, perfectionism and obsessive compulsivity than healthy men. Conclusions. Men with EDs share some of the intermediate cognitive phenotype present in women with EDs. Like their female counterparts, males with EDs show an inflexible, fragmented cognitive style. However, relative to healthy men, men with EDs do not have superior detail processing abilities, poor emotion recognition or increased sensitivity to social-threat. It is possible that gender differences in social-threat processing contribute to the female preponderance of EDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We investigated sadness, anger, guilt, fear, and urgency with disordered eating. [•] Unique aspects of guilt were positively related with eating pathology. [•] Unique aspects of fear were negatively related to eating pathology. [•] Urgency was not a moderator between negative moods and disordered eating. [•] Urgency was related to global EDE-Q scores only for women. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: To examine the clinical features of male patients with eating disorders in Singapore; and determine the differences in clinical features between the patients across the diagnostic categories. Methods: This is a database analysis of all male cases presenting to the Eating Disorders Clinic at Singapore General Hospital between 2003 and 2012. Results: 72 cases were identified; 36.1% were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, 33.3% had bulimia nervosa and 30.5% had the diagnosis of eating disorder not otherwise specified. The mean presenting age was 19.9 years. 63.9% were heterosexual, while 15.3% were homosexual/bisexual. 61.1% had comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, with depression being the most common. 59.7% recorded premorbid obesity, while 66.7% reported excessive exercise. The patients in the various diagnostic categories had more similarities than differences. Conclusion: With more male cases over the years, it is important to further understand this condition, to better refine prevention, detection and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western society promotes a culture of appearance both for males and females, although dieting and the drive for thinness are more typical female concerns. In contrast, men desire a larger body with more muscle instead of low weight. For this reason, this study aims to determine whether men who endorse a strong male identity (i.e. have a high score in a masculinity scale) report a higher drive for muscularity and less eating concerns than individuals who score low in a masculinity scale. Data obtained from 624 male students revealed that participants with high scores in a masculinity scale reported a greater drive for muscularity and less eating concerns than individuals with low scores. Finally, it is discussed whether masculinity may be considered as a protective factor to not develop eating disorders and, at the same time, a risk factor to develop problems related with muscle dysmorphia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this clinical essay, we describe the experience of creating and delivering a group for men with eating disorders. We outline our motivation for developing a therapeutic intervention of this nature and describe the format that we established. We then focus on the dynamics of the group that evolved and the themes that emerged in relation to issues of masculinity. We consider implications and recommendations for people interested in establishing groups for men with eating difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to conceptualize a feminist narrative approach to male anorexia nervosa (MAN). Both narrative and feminist theories have been utilized to enrich the discourse of AN among women. An unintended result of this primary focus on women's experiences has been a limited focus on the experiences of men with AN. This article will explore a contemporary social discourse on masculinity, why some men utilize AN as a means of attaining the ideals put forth through such discourse, and how a feminist narrative approach can be applied to working with men struggling with AN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine whether age, awareness, and internalization of body ideal predict body dissatisfaction and abnormal eating behaviors in men and women. An intentional, non-probabilistic sample of 144 women and 138 men was divided into two different age groups (9-12 and 13-15) that had to respond to the following questionnaires: Body Shape Questionnaire, Children's Eating Attitudes Test and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire - Revised. A hypothetical model tested through path analysis made it possible to conclude that age is a direct predictor of body dissatisfaction and abnormal eating behaviors in men, while the internalization of the body ideal is the main predictor of body dissatisfaction in both genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown an association between eating disorder symptoms and both negative affect and avoidance-based emotion regulation strategies among women and men. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the cognitive emotion regulation strategy of thought suppression and eating disorder symptoms in the understudied population of men. Two-hundred ninety-six undergraduate men completed a series of questionnaires including the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the White Bear Suppression Inventory, and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Results supported an association between chronic thought suppression and both global and specific eating disorder symptoms (shape concern, weight concern, eating concern, and, to a lesser extent, restraint) among men. Further, thought suppression was found to fully mediate the relationships between negative affect and both global eating disorder symptoms and the specific eating disorder symptom of shape concern, and to partially mediate the relationship between negative affect and the eating disorder symptoms of eating and weight concerns. These findings suggest that chronic efforts to suppress unpleasant or unwanted thoughts may be one avoidance strategy that underlies the relationship between the experience of negative affect and eating disorder symptoms in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of study on construction and determination of psychometric properties of Eating Disorders and Body Image Questionnaire for Men (KBZOM II), which is the second, extended version of Eating Disorder Questionnaire for Men (KBZOM), created by Pawłowska and Stankiewicz. KBZOM II questionnaire consists of 50 items and explains 63% of the variance. The questionnaire is formed by the following scales: Concentration on muscle mass, Overeating and coping with emotions, Negative body image associated with the sense of having excessive body weight, Exercise addiction, Negative body image associated with the feeling of being not muscular enough, Purging, Social acceptance. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients for the various scales of KBZOM II are high and reach values of 0,93 to 0,72. The Questionnaire (KBZOM II) is a short tool with good psychometric properties, used to study various dimensions of disturbed attitudes towards eating and body image in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This case series aims to describe the demographic and clinical features of male inpatients with early onset eating disorders. Method: Retrospective review was made of medical files of male patients treated for eating disorders at two children's hospitals over a 2 year period, with an onset of eating disorder before age 14 years, presenting for index admission. Demographic characteristics, DSM-IV diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment received were reviewed. Results: Ten male patients with a median age of 12.8 years (range 10.2 to 13.5) were identified; three met the full criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) and four met all except the weight criterion. There was high psychiatric comorbidity: four with a major depressive episode, seven an anxiety disorder, three with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Seven engaged in over-exercise. Seven were treated with an antidepressant, and five with an atypical antipsychotic; six required nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding. Conclusion: A minority of patients met full diagnostic criteria for AN, with many not meeting weight criteria despite medical instability. The main clinical features were food restriction, over-exercise and psychiatric comorbidity. Treatment with antidepressants, antipsychotics and NGT feeding was frequent. Future prospective studies could help identify gender-specific features as well as benefits and potential side effects of pharmacotherapy in this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eating disturbances and poor body image are maintained by body-related safety behaviours and their associated cognitions. These include body checking, avoidance, comparison and display, which can be seen as safety behaviours, maintaining eating pathology and poor body image. It is not clear from the existing literature whether these behavioural and cognitive patterns are independently related to eating psychopathology. Method: This study of a non-clinical group of women and men (N = 250) explored the association of eating attitudes and behaviours with these four elements of body-related behaviours and cognitions. Results: It was found that each of the four elements had independent associations with eating attitudes and behaviours. Those associations were not explained by anxiety or depression levels. Discussion: Whilst these findings require study within a clinical group, they suggest that all four elements of body-related behaviours and cognitions need to be considered as potential maintaining factors when formulating eating psychopathology and body image disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which analyzes the relationship between heterosexual males and homosexual males with regard to their risk of developing an eating disorder. It addresses the issue on why there is a difference in the degree to which a male with a specific sexual orientation is at risk of developing an eating disorder. It states that the study was based on the completion of questionnaires and cognitive tasks.

This paper tells the story of 'John' and the ways in which he has revised his relationship with food and with himself through narrative conversations. It is the first example within narrative therapy literature that documents an approach to working with overeating. The work took place in Hong Kong, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated four (anger, depression, anxiety, impulsivity) potential risk factors for the development of eating disorders in 79 male college students. All participants completed the Setting Conditions for Anorexia Nervosa Scale (SCANS), to determine if they were at-risk for the development of an eating disorder. The hypothesis, that males who are at-risk for the development of an eating disorder would show a higher occurrence of the potential risk factors, was partially supported. Those who scored high on the Dissatisfaction subscale of the SCANS had high positive correlations with all four risk factors. The SCANS Perfectionism subscale showed no such relationships with any of the risk factoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore disordered eating and eating disorders (EDs) in Latino males. Participants: Participants are 722 male college students from a larger prevalence study conducted in the University of Puerto Rico system. Methods: Participants were selected from a list of sections of required courses for first-year students on each campus. Self-report instruments were used to explore ED symptoms (the Eating Attitudes Test [EAT-26] and the Bulimia Test-Revised [BULIT-26-R] and the Beck Depression Inventory depression (BDI). Results: Overall, 2.26% scored above the cut-off point on the BULIT-R and 5.08% score above the cut-off point on the EAT-26. Of the males, 4.43% reported sufficient frequency and severity to approximate DSM-IV criteria for bulimia nervosa. Depression symptomatology was found in those who scored above the cut-off point on both instruments of EDs. Conclusion: College health practitioners should be aware of disordered eating in Latino males and include them in efforts to detect disordered eating behaviors in college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Research on the influence of body shape model on adolescent males is scarce. The current study aimed to assess this influence among adult males involved in intense physical activity and to determine its relationship to eating behaviour. Possible variations between 1998 and 2008 were also analysed. Method: A total of 950 males (672 in 1998 and 278 in 2008), all aspiring professional soldiers, were studied using the Questionnaire of Influences on Body Shape Model (CIMEC-V) and the Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40), as well as by assessing their physical/sporting activity and body mass index (BMI). Results: Scores on the CIMEC-V were significantly correlated with the EAT-40 and BMI. As regards physical activity the only positive correlation referred to gym-based exercise. A cluster analysis revealed two subgroups with respect to physical activity, BMI, and scores on the CIMEC-V and EAT-40. One of them scored higher on these three variables and they also had a BMI > 25. The comparative study of data from 1998 and 2008 showed significant changes in some variables. Conclusions: Generally, the results differ considerably from those reported for younger samples (which would suggest a lower risk of disordered eating behaviour). However, there is a higher risk group in which the influence of body shape models, physical activity and eating behaviour are related to greater body volume. The influence of the body shape model on males has increased, especially as regards the influence of friends and in terms of behaviours aimed at weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relation between gender identity and body dissatisfaction as well as disordered eating was examined in a population-based sample of Finnish adults aged 18 to 44 years ( N = 1,142). Participants with a conflicted gender identity were compared to controls matched on age and biological sex. Participants with a conflicted gender identity showed higher levels of body dissatisfaction, women with a conflicted gender identity also showed more eating disturbance than controls. Among men with a conflicted gender identity, male–male sexual experience was associated with more body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Among women with a conflicted gender identity, female–female sexual experience was related to less body dissatisfaction. Possible explanations for these findings and the potential clinical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of both eating disorders and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) is relatively high among men who have sex with men (MSM). Yet, only one study has explored the influence of body mass index (BMI) on sexual risk-taking behaviors in this population. The objective of this study was to reexamine the practice of anal intercourse among overweight and obese MSM and to assess the consistency with which condoms were used. MSM who had placed same-sex sexual advertisements were asked to complete a brief online survey. A total of 576 MSM completed the survey, which assessed: age, HIV-status, height, weight, rejection of sexual partners, number of anal intercourse partners, and condom use during anal intercourse. Increased BMI was associated with a lowered likelihood of rejecting sexual partners and decreased number of actual anal intercourse partners. Increased BMI was also associated with decreased condom use. In addition to cardiovascular disease, obese MSM may be at a higher risk for STDs relative to normal weight MSM. There was some evidence to suggest that inconsistent condom use in such men may be an expression of the overexcitement concomitant with the comparatively rare event of acquiring an anal intercourse partner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Men's body image issues have a number of manifestations and gay men are at particular risk for body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. This study sought to examine body image and disordered eating as they relate to demographics, conceptions of masculinity, external motivations for fitness, and internalized homophobia in a sample of New York City gay and bisexual men. Higher body dissatisfaction scores were associated with external motivations for working out and older age. Eating disorder scores were positively correlated with more frequent and longer exercise sessions, and states of anxiety, depression, ambivalence, and concerns about the perceptions of others, all in regard to a gay or bisexual orientation. Findings are discussed with implications for researchers and health care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: To examine whether outpatient treatment for male patients with bulimic symptomatology is as effective as it is for females. Method: The outcome of 19 male patients was compared to that of 150 female eating disorder (ED) individuals after a group CBT treatment. Results: A reduction in ED symptomatology was observed after treatment for both genders. Main effects for gender indicated that after collapsing across the mean pre/post values, lower mean scores were found for men in the EAT-40, in the EDI-total score and in the following EDI subscales: “drive for thinness”, “body dissatisfaction” and “interoceptive awareness”. Conclusions: A group CBT treatment appears to be effective for male and female ED patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses a research study which evaluates the effects of high-fat (HF) diet and sedentary lifestyle in the development of obesity and chronic disease among men. Topics of the research highlights that men were measure according to criterias on personal diet, exercise, medical history of metabolic or pulmonary disease and monitored by implanted electrical devices. It conclude HF diets were rich in saturated fatty acids which showed favorable changes in the risk for chronic disease.

Abstract: Background: Dietary factors contribute to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, a disorder associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and some cancers. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the intake frequencies of certain food groups, eating habits, and the risk of metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional study of Korean men. Methods: Study participants were recruited from the National Cancer Center in South Korea. A total of 7,081 men aged 30 years and older were recruited between August 2002 and May 2007. Metabolic syndrome was defined as having three or more of the following conditions: obesity, high blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, high triglyceride level, and high fasting blood glucose level. The association of metabolic syndrome and sociodemographic characteristics, food intake frequencies, and eating habits assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, was examined. Results: The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome for men aged 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and 60+ years was 18.2%, 19.8%, 21.9%, and 20.5%, respectively. The study participants with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (27.6% vs 21.6%, P<0.001), and were more likely to be current smokers (50.1% vs 45.3%, P=0.005) than their counterparts. Among food group items, participants with metabolic syndrome showed significantly higher intake of seaweed (odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 1.50), and oily foods (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.57) than participants without metabolic syndrome. In addition, the group with metabolic syndrome was more likely to eat quickly (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.12 for fast vs slow) and to overeat frequently (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.85 to 3.05 for more than 4 times a week vs less than once a week). Conclusions: The results suggest that high intake of seaweed and oily foods as well as eating habits such as eating faster and frequent overeating, are associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome. In contrast, high fruit intake may be associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. The importance of dietary habits in metabolic syndrome development needs to be pursued in further studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Previous studies have examined the influence of femininity on disordered eating behavior in female undergraduates, but few studies have examined the relation between gender roles and disordered eating in male undergraduates. The present study examined whether gender roles relate to disordered eating behaviors the same way in male and female undergraduates. 512 undergraduates (58% female) at a large university in the Pacific West region of the United States responded to a survey asking about eating behaviors and gender role orientation. Women displayed higher levels of disordered eating than did men. Undifferentiated and masculine women had higher levels of disordered eating than did androgynous women, whereas undifferentiated and feminine men had higher levels of disordered eating than did masculine and androgynous men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: This study examines the association between eating disorders and a history of childhood abuse in gay and bisexual men, and how substance abuse and depression might impact this relationship. Method: 193 white, black, Latino gay, and bisexual men were sampled from community venues. DSM-IV diagnoses of anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder were assessed using the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: Men with a history of childhood sexual abuse are significantly more likely to have subclinical bulimia or any current full-syndrome or subclinical eating disorder compared with men who do not have a history of childhood sexual abuse. A history of depression and/or substance use disorders did not mediate this relationship. Conclusion: Researchers should study other potential explanations of the relationship between a history of childhood abuse and eating disorders in gay and bisexual men. Clinicians working with gay and bisexual men who have a history of childhood abuse should assess for disordered eating as a potential mechanism to cope with the emotional sequelae associated with abuse. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study in which a 23-year-old single man with a history of benign pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebellum removed four years ago lost about 80 pounds. He was discharged from a local psychiatric hospital with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). A telephone interview confirmed that he was qualified for the diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) Restricting Type. The case shows that psychiatrists can miss the diagnosis of AN in men.

Symptoms of eating disorders (ED) have increased among males recently. The SCOFF questionnaire for screening ED counts on a formal validation in Colombian only on girl students. However, psychometric properties of this questionnaire in males are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the internal consistency and factors of the SCOFF questionnaire and make a gender comparison among adolescent students from Bucaramanga, Colombia. A probabilistic sample of 2496 male and 2375 female, aged 10-19 year-old, completed the SCOFF questionnaire and the CAGE questionnaire that identifies abusive alcohol consumption (divergent validation). The internal consistency of the SCOFF was established with the Kuder-Richardson's formula 20, and the divergence with the CAGE questionnaire with the Pearson's correlation. Results showed among male an internal consistency 0.521, and among female a consistency of 0.584. One factor explained 34.7% of the variance in males, and one factor was responsible of 37.5% of variance in females. Finally, SCOFF scores and CAGE scores presented a poor correlation both males and females. In conclusion the SCOFF questionnaire presents an acceptable internal consistency, and a high divergence with the CAGE questionnaire among male and female adolescents. Further, the criterion validation of SCOFF questionnaire is needed for males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]