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For more than a century, the psychosocial concept of "double consciousness" (DC) has been inextricably linked to issues of "race," and racial objectification. Using stand-up comedy as a close proxy for presentations of self, this article presents a fundamentally different understanding, and one that Du Bois quietly pivoted towards near the end of his life: DC is a cultural issue, one best described in terms of meaning-making in conflict and recognizable in many forms — each a "major" way a human being organizes a life. Beyond the color line, "lines" revealed through the comics' acts include gender, age, class, aesthetics, and ethnonationality, in addition to more micro latent categories. Previously distinct forms of identity crises are united, inviting more constructive engagements with contemporary suffering. In terms of process, I notice a tripartite sequence in the creation of the DC perspective: from othering to objectification to full DC. The possibility of "merging" conflicting consciousnesses is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On July 28, 1917, between 8,000 and 15,000 Black men, women, and child protesters gathered in the streets of New York City to protest the continued lynchings of Black Americans. The Silent Protest Parade enacted silence to safely mobilize a double voiced critique. Drawing on Du Bois's concept of double consciousness, I consider how double consciousness (i.e. "double voice") functions in protest as a rhetorical device through the lens of "collective rhetoric." I argue that protesters' doubled rhetoric enacted a collective resistance while stifling the possibility of racialized violence. This essay illustrates a collective double voice as a rhetorical strategy in protest and underscores the importance of reexamining historical events often silenced by forces of white supremacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Methodist Church of Southern Africa's consideration of ukuthwasa, the practice of being both a Christian minister and a Traditional Healer, within the context of African Indigenous Religion. It explores instances of "double consciousness" among members of the Methodist Church, highlighting the need for intentional and critical engagement with religious pluralism in Southern African Christianity.

Known as the representative figure of black minstrelsy, Bert Williams's revolutionary success on Broadway and in the Ziegfeld Follies created a landmark opportunity for black voices to be heard in high-profile setting in a white world. The performance most notably preferred by his white audiences was Williams's minstrel song "Nobody," which from Williams's perspective was also an irreplaceable piece. Visually echoing his minstrel song, Williams's cakewalk performance success in the 1890s laid the basis for the song's popularity. Both the song and Williams's carnivalesque performance blurred the color line and transcended black minstrel stereotypes by taking African Americans' voices in the Jim Crow and lynching eras into serious consideration. However, though black minstrelsy has been largely misunderstood as exclusively racial stereotypes, what Bakhtin describes as the permeating carnivalesque inversion in black minstrel performance helps sharpen and clarify the double consciousness ideology between the burnt cork blackened face mask and the soul of black minstrel performers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The child welfare system is a microcosm of white dominant culture within America. It reflects a history of separating Black children from their families guised as protective intervention, which has evolved into disparate outcomes and a disproportionate number of Black children in foster care (Maguire-Jack et al., 2020). This analysis illustrates chronic mishandling of Black families, the impact of double-consciousness on Black child welfare practitioners, and opportunities to infuse anti-racist policies within child welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-interest is not selfishness. Selfishness is the pursuit of self-interest at the expense of another, and clearly selfishness is not a virtue. So we need to be careful in our use of words and we need to distinguish very carefully between self-interest and selfishness. If "justice" means giving everyone his or her due and what is due a client of a financial advisor is advice that serves his or her interest first, you are obliged to look at the client first; but as a side benefit, such behavior may also fill the advisor with satisfaction of having done a meaningful task, and you may "derive the pleasure of seeing" the client's good fortune. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elite athletes and nonathletes (N = 1,268) attending the same selective sport high school (4 high school age cohorts, grades 7-10, mean ages varying from 10.9 to 14.1) completed the same physical self-concept instrument 4 times over a 2-year period (multiple waves). We introduce a latent cohort-sequence analysis that provides a stronger basis for assessing developmental stability/change than either cross-sectional (multicohort, single occasion) or longitudinal (single-cohort, multiple occasion) designs, allowing us to evaluate latent means across 10 waves spanning a 5-year period (grades 7-11), although each participant contributed data for only 4 waves, spanning 2 of the 5 years. Consistent with the frame-of-reference effects embodied in the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE), physical self-concepts at the start of high school were much higher for elite athletes than for nonathlete classmates, but the differences declined over time so that by the end of high school there were no differences in the 2 groups. Gender differences in favor of males had a negative linear and quadratic trajectory over time, but the consistently smaller gender differences for athletes than for nonathletes did not vary with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, Black communities have used humor to talk back to those in power while avoiding what the author calls "the dominant gaze." She argues that Black humor acts as a resistance, especially when considered through the lens of play. Drawing from cultural play literature, critical race studies, and the literature about Black humor, she considers two related case studies based on the hashtags #PermitPatty and #Karen to explore the response of Black people to white femininity. The first case concerns the circulation of the phrase "Permit Patty" in response to a white woman who called the police against a young Black girl for selling water on the sidewalk. The second details the use of the name "Karen" online, highlighting how white women align themselves with police to oppress African Americans. The author concludes that Black online users deploy elements of humor, such as the omniscient narrator and inverse stereotyping, to call attention to this reliance of white womanhood on the police state, often at the expense of Black and Brown people, and children in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective in this paper is to demonstrate the indispensability of Peirce's double consciousness to foster abductive reasoning, so that internal/external dialogue inform the worthiness of hunches. These forms of dialogue establish a mental give-and-take forum in which novel meanings/effects are particularly highlighted and noticed. Such attentional shifts are compelled by surprising states of affairs within the beholder's internal, interpretive competencies, or from external factors (pictures, gestural or linguistic performatives). The dialogic nature of these signs pre-forms operations not possible non-dialogically; they command, interrogate, or suggest alterations to established conduct/beliefs in contexts in which propositional/argumentative conflicts are obviated. This inquiry proposes experimental methodologies to measure when double consciousness (via private/inner speech) mediates hypothesis-making. Vygotsky's conflict of motive at four distinct developmental stages constitutes the foundation for the proposed experiments. Designs draw upon Vygotsky's 'double stimulation' paradigms that force decision-making processes when conflicts of motive surface. Paradigms include forced imitation of one model while ignoring another (imitating bear, not dragon), and altering a visual array to depict logical sequencing accurately (the "Cycles Test"; "The Odd One Out"). These conflicts require children to change their conduct/beliefs to accommodate to atypical states of affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines whether and how the spectre of nineteenth century Western Europe's "Jewish question" haunts W.E.B. Du Bois's concept of double consciousness. I argue that Du Bois's time as a student at the University of Berlin exposed him to the intellectual and political roots of nineteenth century German antisemitism, and in turn helped shape his theorizing of Black double consciousness in the United States. Attending to this important but to date missing context in the intellectual development of Du Bois helps reveal the consistencies and contingencies between Du Bois's understanding of Western European Jews' duality and that of Black Americans. This context also provides fruitful ways to consider a comparative framework through which to better theorize the relationship between what have often been treated as distinct racial projects: Western European antisemitism and American anti-Black racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times there has been a proliferation of scholarship exploring 'mixedness' and mixed‐race people. This is evidenced by the emergence of Critical Mixed Race Studies (CMRS) as a distinct field of academic inquiry. However, despite the growth of CMRS, there remains a scarcity of scholarship that considers mixed‐race experiences from a disaggregated, intersectional perspective. Where CMRS has been attentive to the intersection of gender, the focus has largely been on women and femininity. By way of a response, in this article I draw upon data from semi‐structured interviews with Black mixed‐race men in the UK and the US in order to explore how Black mixed‐race men negotiate their raced and gendered identities, particularly in the context of schooling. Drawing upon George Yancy's (2017) theorizations of the Black monster, I argue that a sense of double consciousness (and even multiple consciousness) means Black mixed‐race men are acutely aware of how the white gaze threatens to fragment and erase them. Yet rather than being passive victims of racism, I show that, through hybridity, the imposition of the Black monster stereotype is something that Black mixed‐race men are able to resist, modify and manipulate for their own ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adichie uses Americanah as a vehicle for cultural commentary that examines the impact that Westernization has on people from African countries. As with her previous two works, Adichie uses Americanah as a space to analyze the power imbalances between the Western hegemony and the "other." Adichie's commentary in Americana differs from that of her previous two works in that she closely examines the double-consciousness that characterizes the lives of blacks in America. This double-consciousness saturates the identities of those who are citizens of a nation that refuses to acknowledge their worthiness. Blacks in America find themselves caught between a desire for acceptance into the mainstream culture and the solidarity that they must maintain as a collective in order to counter the very culture into which they seek acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research uniquely aims to introduce a biblical intersectionality approach and its usage in reconciling the double consciousness of the Black Christian. Related to Christian education, this research informs issues associated with Christian identity development and redemptive formation among black Christian students. The unique history of African Americans aids in Black Christians feeling a part of and apart from their faith. A biblical approach to intersectionality supports understanding the complexity of the lived experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research incorporates theories of intersectional identities, place identity, and critical geography to synthesize a conceptual framework for "double consciousness" in students from a racialized city attending an engaged college in that city. Through 21 phenomenological interviews with resident-students, two themes about the city related to stereotypes and civic engagement emerge. In the interviews, students tell personal narratives of transcending these stereotypes and express responsibility for success among future generations from their city. The study identifies the critical need for service-learning practitioners in higher education to be aware of and sensitive to portrayals of the community, particularly related to issues of racialization, civic engagement, and student development. We propose additional lines of inquiry that will improve our understanding of place identity and service-learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to unpick and explore Du Boisian ideas of minority consciousness and double consciousness, to elaborate why they are of value, and to situate them in relation to the Hegelian phenomenology. The article shows that while an understanding of Hegel's master–slave dialectic is helpful in grasping how Du Bois conceives of the power held by a dominant group to afford status, Du Bois was keenly aware that no less important was the ability to invoke complicity or use coercion in denying recognition. To this end the article refuses the view that Du Bois straightforwardly adopted a Hegelian approach in a manner that minimises how this aspect of Du Bois' work also reflected remarkable intellectual originality. The article goes on to demonstrate how Du Bois' concept presents sociology with something of normative category that captures the dual character of unrecognised minority subjectivities and their transformative potential, alongside the conditions of impaired status that are allocated to racial minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Distinct contextual behaviors caused by non-aggressive/aggressive social encounters. • Social defeat increased self-grooming in animals re-exposed to the context in which the interaction occurred. • Non-aggressive interaction reduced SAP in animals re-exposed to the context where the interaction occurred. Abstract Aggressive interactions between conspecific animals have been used as a social stressor with ethological characteristics to study how social interactions can modulate animal's behavior. Here, a new protocol based on aggressive and non-aggressive interactions was developed to study how different social interactions can alter the behavioral profile of animals re-exposed to the context in which the interaction occurred. We used factor analysis to trace the behavioral profile of socially defeated and non-defeated mice when they were re-exposed to the apparatus [three interconnected chambers: home chamber, tunnel and surface area]; we also compared the behavior presented before (habituation) and 24 h after (re-exposure) the non-aggressive or aggressive interactions. A final factor analysis from defeated animals yielded 4 factors that represented 72.09% of total variance; whereas non-defeated animal's analysis was loaded with 5 factors that represented 85.46% of total variance. A 5-min non-aggressive interaction reduced the frequency of stretched attend behavior in the tunnel, whereas a single social defeat reduced time in the tunnel and increased time spent performing self-grooming in the home chamber without conditioning any other spatio-temporal and complementary measures. Together, these results suggest that different social interactions may modulate distinct behavioral profiles in animals when re-exposed to the context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Self-control and lifestyles/routine activities approaches are useful in explaining risk of criminal victimization however there are two significant issues which are not fully addressed. First, most studies in victimization literature examined respective influence of self-control and lifestyles/routine activities on victimization without considering structural relationships. Second, there is lack of research on sex invariance in the association. The purpose of the current study is to address the two issues with the first three-year data of the Korean Youth Panel Survey, including 2491 elementary students. Structural equation modeling showed that self-control had significant influence on all the lifestyle and guardianship measures. However, self-control had only indirect effect on violent victimization through either deviant peer association or parental attachment. Multiple group SEM indicated both sex differences and similarities in the relationships. For male students, self-control influenced violent victimization through deviant peer association while self-control affected victimization through parental attachment for female adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the theory of the Double Consciousness introduced by sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois. Topics covered include the three elements of the theory of Double Consciousness, Du Bois's argument that racial categories and differences support the development, organization, and elaboration of capitalist system of production, and the ways that Du Bois uses experiences with visibility and invisibility to show the processes of racialization.

Highlights • We investigated the influence of goal self-concordance on episodic future thoughts. • Goal self-concordance enhanced the sense of pre-experiencing one's personal future. • Self-concordant events were more integrated within an autobiographical context. • The level of details of future events was not influenced by goal self-concordance. • Need satisfaction was a characteristic component of self-concordant future events. Abstract While it is established that goal processing is a central component of episodic future thinking, how personal goals shape future event representations is not fully understood. Here, we explored the influence of the source of motivation underlying goal pursuit. Personal goals differ in their degree of self-concordance, which depends on the primary motives underlying goal pursuit. We distinguished between self-concordant (what one wants to achieve) and non-self-concordant (what one has to achieve) goals. Participants were asked to imagine specific future events associated with each type of goals. We found that self-concordant future events have a privileged phenomenological status: they are associated with a stronger sense of "realness" and of pre-experiencing the future, are more integrated with autobiographical knowledge, and are characterized by more positive and intense emotions. Furthermore, psychological need satisfaction was a characteristic component of self-concordant future thoughts. Implications of these findings for motivation and goal pursuit are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that Black students are more likely to be suspended from school than their White counterparts, researchers, educators, policymakers, activists, and parents have forced national attention onto the need to disrupt the school-to-prison pipeline (STPP). A perspective that needs to be further explored is that of district and school leaders who have the challenge of making leadership decisions that influence the STPP. In this article, we take the position that district and school leaders must be provided tangible solutions to dismantle the STPP for Black students. Thus, we use Du Bois' (1903) notion of double consciousness as a conceptual lens to examine the STPP and the dilemma Black school leaders face in dealing with disciplinary infractions. We then present a case from the second author's experience as a practicing school leader to explore how school leaders are often presented with complicated choices when it comes to making decisions that potentially send a student into the STPP trajectory. Due to the fact school leaders are rarely provided tangible solutions for disrupting the STPP, we provide recommendations for school leaders on how to disrupt the STPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the double consciousness of black American patriotism in the modern era marked by publicized police killings of blacks, widespread antiracism protests, and concern for racially motivated violence. This analysis provides timely ethnographic insights into black identities that vividly captures black voices; fuses classical and contemporary race theories and extends them into the literature on patriotism; and proposes a model for understanding how double consciousness is negotiated in personal identity construction. I conducted twenty-two in-depth interviews of black Americans. I explored three questions: (1) how they interpret patriotism; (2) whether their interpretations affirm or defy their black identity; and (3) how tensions between race and nation manifest in their patriotic identity development. Many denounced hegemonic patriotism and constructed alternative patriotic brands. These brands are situated on an "Axis of Identities", which is comprised of four profiles: the bystander, the sycophant, the subverter, and the conscious patriot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Native Stranger: A Blackamerican’s Journey into the Heart of Africa (1992), Eddy L. Harris explores what it means to be the person he is. What, if anything, connects him to Africa? What is the relation between the person he knows himself to be, and the person others see? Searching for answers to his questions, he finds himself caught between his attempts to remain open to new ways of seeing and understanding the world, on the one hand, and succumbing to the pressures of monolithic narratives about African otherness, race, belonging, roots and the past, on the other hand. This tension gives rise to an ambiguity and a number of contradictions which make the text fold back on itself. His literary project therefore ultimately serves to raise questions not only about his own identity and place in the world, but also about the conditions of writing about the self. Central among the contradictions that permeate the text is a doubling of epistemological perspectives, which can be described as an effect of what W. E. B. Dubois famously termed double-consciousness. While Harris is able to use the contradictions that arise from his writing to explore and represent the complexity of the questions that are foregrounded in his text, he is unable to answer them. His project is in other words a kind of failure, but as this article argues, this failure is the price that Harris pays to access the full complexity of selfhood, beyond political and social narratives about collective identity and how the present is shaped by the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study serves to add to the existing literature on African-American men and masculinity, and to provide empirical evidence of the hypothesized mental conflict that exists among African-Americans, particularly as it relates to double-consciousness. Mental conflict was measured as a function of psychological distress, surfacing in high levels of depression, anxiety, and somatization, made evident through the measurement of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). It was hypothesized that African-American men engaged in the practice of double-consciousness made evident through the scores on the General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ). More specifically, those who failed to integrate and only identified with one’s Blackness and those who made drastic changes in one’s reality by taking on characteristics of the Eurocentric worldview were expected to have higher levels of psychological distress. Results from this study found a practical use of the theory of double-consciousness and further provide implications for future research on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores African consciousness in terms of conscious moments that regulate and give rhythm to the space of African consciousness. That is, an African consciousness insofar as it unfolds within an experience of the African moment, within terms of urban spaces and realization and estrangement. A microanalysis of the processes of African consciousness within a strategy aims to re-construct, to redirect, and combatatively re-center African subject as a sovereign entity. This is, to strategically essentialise African subject. This subject is also gathered especially under the heading of the African-look-on-African-look and estranged African consciousness using La Guma as a major literary reference point. The intention of this micro-analysis is to garner an essentialist understanding of African subject as a presence-to-African others. An African consciousness in which the solid structure of African experience, intention, and expectation are centered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this qualitative case-study is to examine the complexity and double consciousness of a Black, middle class child navigating church and school. Conceptually, the study draws from Black education and theoretically employs Cultural Historical Activity Theory and identity theories. Three research questions were investigated: (a) How are identity roles arranged in church and school settings? (b) How do these identity roles influence a Black middle class child as she navigates each space? (c) How do the literacy practices shape her identity roles? Findings suggest the need for educators to find ways to foster Black middle-class children's literacy practices in meaningful ways. Implications for educational stakeholders are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article scrutinises how Afro-diasporic tourists exemplify concepts of liminality, historical memory, and racial construction while engaging in heritage tourism, and how these concepts inform the host community's perception of the visitors. It includes the results of extensive interviews with African Americans who engaged in roots or heritage tourism in Senegal and/or Gambia in 2010, and who visited the Maison des Esclaves in Gorée Island and/or Juffureh Village in The Gambia. The research shows that African American tourists emerge from these encounters with various conceptions of self. Some felt more ‘African’ following their pilgrimage, while others felt a stronger attachment to their American identity. Some preferred an unfinished combination of the two, asserting a newfound appreciation for their ‘African American’ identities. Corresponding with the latter point, I revisit the ‘Double-Consciousness’ theory proposed by W.E.B. Dubois, revealing how some tourists reexamine their diasporic identit(ies) as ‘Africans’ and ‘Americans’ during their sojourns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of contingent self-definition, whereby place brands employ flexible self-definitional approaches in constructing their place brand architecture. Adopting a view of regions as social constructs, the article builds on and extends previous work on place brand architecture by identifying the underlying factors that drive contingent self-definition decisions. Based on an empirical study of professionals tasked with managing region brands in the Netherlands, 11 factors are identified as drivers of contingent self-definition by place brands. These factors are grouped into four thematic categories: (i) external perceptions, (ii) proximity, (iii) brand relationships, and (iv) politics and power. A dynamic approach to place brand architecture is advocated, foregrounding the amorphous character of regions as social constructs that defy reification solely as fixed territorial-administrative spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder often brings about profound, lasting, structural changes to one's sense of self. Aims: This study investigated self-complexity and self-aspect control in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: Trauma survivors with (n = 103) and without (n=102) PTSD completed an online questionnaire which involved the completion of a self-complexity task and measures of PTSD. Results: It was found that those with PTSD had significantly greater overall self-complexity than those without PTSD. Furthermore, when considering self-description valence, it was found that those with PTSD had significantly greater negative self-complexity than those without PTSD, but the groups did not differ in terms of positive self-complexity. Second, those with PTSD reported significantly less control over their self-aspects. Third, for those with PTSD, lower levels of self-aspect control were significantly correlated with greater negative self-complexity and lower positive self-complexity. Finally, self-aspect control mediated the relationship between self-complexity and PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: The theoretical implications for PTSD models and the clinical implications for the treatment of those with PTSD are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study correlates Merton's anomie theory and W. E. B. Dubois's double-consciousness theory to measure black law enforcement officers' reactions to occupational strain resulting from officers' ethnic-identification. Measuring levels of anomic behavior provides a scale for identifying levels of risk affecting the well-being of individual officers and organizations. Testing hierarchal regression models with a national sample of black state- and federal-level law enforcement officers (n = 84) reveals a presence of double consciousness as a significant predictor for levels of anomic behavior in law enforcement occupational cultures. It also further suggests that race remains a significant factor in law enforcement organizations and cultures, whereas many police executives would prefer to believe that race issues in policing are settled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a challenging task for fundamental research whether proteins can interact with their partners. Protein self-interaction (SIP) is a special case of PPIs, which plays a key role in the regulation of cellular functions. Due to the limitations of experimental self-interaction identification, it is very important to develop an effective biological tool for predicting SIPs based on protein sequences. In the study, we developed a novel computational method called RVM-AB that combines the Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) model and Average Blocks (AB) for detecting SIPs from protein sequences. Firstly, Average Blocks (AB) feature extraction method is employed to represent protein sequences on a Position Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM). Secondly, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is used to reduce the dimension of AB vector for reducing the influence of noise. Then, by employing the Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) algorithm, the performance of RVM-AB is assessed and compared with the state-of-the-art support vector machine (SVM) classifier and other exiting methods on yeast and human datasets respectively. Using the fivefold test experiment, RVM-AB model achieved very high accuracies of 93.01% and 97.72% on yeast and human datasets respectively, which are significantly better than the method based on SVM classifier and other previous methods. The experimental results proved that the RVM-AB prediction model is efficient and robust. It can be an automatic decision support tool for detecting SIPs. For facilitating extensive studies for future proteomics research, the RVMAB server is freely available for academic use at http://219.219.62.123:8888/SIP_AB . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racist caricature dominated the earliest newspaper comic strips (from 1895 to 1910). A closer look at strips by James Swinnerton and, especially, George Herriman, however, shows how these conventions could be manipulated to express a black comic sensibility--a sensibility that produced dark laughter by plumbing the ironic depths of American race relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the theological gulf that separated the Transcendentalists from their Puritan predecessors, certain leading Transcendentalists--Emerson, Fuller, and Thoreau among them--often punctuated their writings, published and private, with literary representations of dramatic episodes of spiritual awakening whose rhetorical structure sometimes betrays suggestive parallels with traditional, recognizably Christian, forms of conversion rhetoric. While all of these Transcendentalists clearly showcase representations of dramatic religious experience in their work, this reliance on Christian rhetorical patterns is most obvious in the early writings of Emerson and Fuller. Thoreau's constructions reflect little ostensible Christian influence, yet even here, thematic continuities with earlier forms of religious self-expression are discernible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Sanchez v. Kalauokalani (1917), the Supreme Court of the Territory of Hawai'i held that Manuel Olivieri Sánchez and Hawai'i's Puerto Ricans became U.S. citizens pursuant to the Jones Act. Centering on Sanchez and its aftermath, this essay investigates their fight for U.S. citizenship--both its attainment and the realization of the supposed benefits of that citizenship--in the face of laws and policies that legitimized unequal treatment. Drawing on critical theory insights, it explores how Hawai'i's Puerto Ricans held both a deep criticism of law as a tool of the powerful, as well as a transformative vision of law as a vehicle to validate their place in the U.S. polity. Embracing a "double consciousness" about law and rights assertion, Hawai'i's Puerto Ricans fought for legal rights in Sanchez, but recognized that U.S. citizenship would not mean immediate freedom from discriminatory treatment. They therefore pushed for the attendant rights of that citizenship, and against cultural vilification and inferior treatment in their daily lives. In doing so, they sought to compel powerful actors and institutions to recognize their humanity and dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social representations have a deep impact on how societal multilingualism, individual plurilingualism, and plurisemiotic resources are described, reported, and accepted. Traditionally, two perceptions of the relationship between languages in plurilingual minds have been prevalent: the juxtaposed and the interdependent representation. A third perspective has recently emerged, reporting more dynamic and plurisemiotic communicative practices. We will analyze the most frequent patterns children use to represent their linguistic resources through visual narratives and how these representations fit into those perspectives. Our analysis evinces the dominance of more traditional representations of plurilingual resources as the sum of features from several clearly separated languages. However, some productions already point out at more supple and flexible possibilities of arranging linguistic resources. Finally, we provide some clues about the development of linguistic curricula designed for plurilingual children engaged in Heritage Language classes, and we discuss epistemological issues regarding the analysis of multimodal plurilingualism and complex plurilingual practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People often view themselves more favorably than others, displaying unrealistic optimism. In the present study, we investigated whether people perceive their reasons for eating as better than those of others. Furthermore, we investigated which mechanisms of inaccuracy might underlie a possible bias when perceiving why people eat what they eat. In Study 1, 117 participants rated the social desirability of eating motives. In Study 2, 772 participants provided information on their own and others' motives for eating behavior. In Study 1, particularly desirable motives were eating because of hunger, health reasons, and liking. Particularly undesirable motives were eating to make a good impression, to comply with social norms, and to regulate negative affect. Study 2 revealed that for socially desirable motives, participants perceived their own motives to be stronger; for undesirable motives, the opposite pattern emerged, with others being attributed stronger motives. Moreover, the perception of others' emotional and social motives varied with participants' own healthy eating behavior. Since the perception of eating motives of others should be independent of one's own behavior, this pattern of results indicates a relative inaccuracy in the perception of others' eating motives. In conclusion, there is evidence for unrealistic optimism in eating motives. For social and emotional motives, this self-favoring view seems to be driven by a relatively inaccurate perception of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of self-regulation, the capacity to voluntarily modulate thoughts, emotions and actions is strongly related to the maturation of the dopamine-mediated executive attention network (EAN). The attention control processes associated with the EAN greatly overlap with efficiency of the executive functions and are correlated with measures of effortful control. Regulation of dopamine levels within the EAN, particularly in the basal ganglia is carried out by the action of dopamine transporters. In humans, the SLC6A3/DAT1 gene carries out the synthesis of the DAT protein. The 10-repeat allele has been associated with an enhanced expression of the gene and has been related to ADHD symptoms. Little is known about the impact of DAT1 variations on children's capacity to self-regulate in contexts that impose particular demands of regulatory control such as the school or home. This study defines a multi-domain phenotype of self-regulation and examines whether variations of the DAT1 gene accounts for individual differences in performance in 4-5 year old children. Results show that presence of the 10r allele is related to a diminished ability to exert voluntary regulation of reactivity. These findings shed light on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying individual differences in self-regulation during childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning to learn and learning to cooperate are two important goals for individuals. Moreover, self regulation has been identified as fundamental to prevent school failure. The goal of the present study was to assess the interactions between self-regulated learning, cooperative learning and academic self-efficacy in secondary education students experiencing cooperative learning as the main pedagogical approach for at least one school year. 2.513 secondary education students (1.308 males, 1.205 females), 12-17 years old (M D 13.85, SD D 1.29), enrolled in 17 different schools belonging to the National Network of Schools on Cooperative Learning in Spain agreed to participate. They all had experienced this pedagogical approach a minimum of one school year. Participants were asked to complete the cooperative learning questionnaire, the strategies to control the study questionnaire and the global academic self-efficacy questionnaire. Participants were grouped based on their perceptions on cooperative learning and self-regulated learning in their classes. A combination of hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses was used. Results revealed a four-cluster solution: cluster one included students with low levels of cooperative learning, self-regulated learning and academic self-efficacy, cluster two included students with high levels of cooperative learning, self-regulated learning and academic self-efficacy, cluster three included students with high levels of cooperative learning, low levels of self-regulated learning and intermediate-low levels of academic self-efficacy, and, finally, cluster four included students with high levels of self-regulated learning, low levels of cooperative learning, and intermediate-high levels of academic self-efficacy. Self-regulated learning was found more influential than cooperative learning on students' academic self-efficacy. In cooperative learning contexts students interact through different types of regulations: self, co, and shared. Educators should be aware of these interactions, symmetrical or asymmetrical, because they determine the quality and quantity of the students' participation and achievements, and they are key elements to prevent school failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to scrutinize self-esteem of university students and explore association of self-esteem with academic achievement, gender and other factors. A sample of 346 students was selected from Punjab University, Lahore Pakistan. Rosenberg self-esteem scale with demographic variables was used for data collection. Besides descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression and t test were used for analysing the data. Significant gender difference was observed, self-esteem was significantly higher in males than females. Logistic regression indicates that age, medium of instruction, family income, student monthly expenditures, GPA and area of residence has direct effect on self-esteem; while number of siblings showed an inverse effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the psychology behind shame as recounted in the book of Dorothy Allison entitled "Bastard Out of Carolina." It cites the double bind nature of individuation and relationality as a nature of shame exhibited by the protagonist in the novel particularly the shame of being a bastard and being involved in sexual and emotional abuse. It cites the importance of the uncontrollability of shame causing an individual to seek other people.

This study aims to explore recovery for those who ring psychic hotlines excessively. Participants were self-selected and were predominantly female, educated, employed and single. The cohort is retrieved from the Psychic Junkie website, which is the only online support place for these people recovering from ringing psychics excessively. Recovery was defined as attempts to stop or to cut down ringing psychics. Recovery included abstinence or harm reduction strategies to control the amount of spending on psychics. A popular attempt to remain abstinence from psychic hotline ringing was within a spiritual context, which included strategies such as prayer, meditation, and attending 12 step groups. Other strategies included blocking psychic hotlines on their phone, cutting up credit cards, counselling, and medication. Harm reduction strategies included setting a budget to decrease the time spent talking to psychics. These attempts resonated with similar recovery strategies for other excessive behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living among the Whites has caused many problems for the Blacks throughout the history. African Americans, who are African in their roots and American in their life, as opposite races, are segregated from the White's societies due to their colored skin. They are considered as uncivilized and lowbrow people who do not have equal rights to the Whites. Thus, racial segregation acting like a veil, as Du Bois refers to, brings African Americans a dual identity which leads to their double consciousness. Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, written in 1960, further to its depiction of racial prejudice and discrimination issues of American society in 1930's, pictures the life of a minor character named Calpurnia as a black woman who lives with a white family and has the role of a mother for the white children. Therefore, living among the Whites and the Blacks at the same time leads her to a double consciousness, which is the result of segregation. Thus, using W. E. B. Du Bois' concepts of "veil" and "double consciousness", in this study it has been tried to investigate the inner as well as the outer truth of African Americans' life and their merged identity under the impact of racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discrimination is an acute and chronic stressor that negatively impacts the health of many ethnic groups in the United States. Individuals who perceive increased levels of discrimination are at risk of experiencing psychological distress and symptoms of depression. No study to date has examined the relationship between perceived discrimination and mental health in Native Hawaiians. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between perceived discrimination and depression based on the Homestead Health Survey mailed to Native Hawaiian residents of Hawaiian Home Lands. This study also explores the role of cultural identity and how it may impact experiences of discrimination and symptoms of depression. Based on cross-sectional data obtained from 104 Native Hawaiian residents, a significant positive correlation was found between perceived discrimination and symptoms of depression (r= 0.32, P<.001). Cultural identity did not significantly correlate with discrimination or depression. Multiple linear regression analyses indicate that the relationship between depression and discrimination remained statistically significant (coefficient estimate of 0.18; P<.01), after accounting for differences in socio-demographics and degree of identification with the Native Hawaiian and American cultures. These findings are consistent with other studies that have focused on the effects of discrimination on psychological wellbeing for other ethnic minority populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective identities of the Self vs. the Other are not only conveyed in and between cultures through verbal discourse, but also through pictures. Cultural encounters are often comprehended by storytelling, the verbal expression of which has been abundantly studied. Pictorial manifestations of narration, however, have received comparatively less attention. Mostly, narration has been associated with verbal discourses, where, briefly put, events or situations are temporally ordered. Even though the narrative capacity of pictures has been taken for granted by e.g. art historians, attempts to elucidate the semiotic and cognitive basis of visual narrativity, esp. in static pictures, have been relatively rare (cf. Ranta, 2013). Within cognitive science, narratives are regarded as crucial and fundamental cognitive instruments or tools (e. g. Bruner, 1990; Schank, 1995). As Roger Schank suggests, the identity of (sub-) cultures is to a considerable extent based upon the sharing of narrative structures. According to Schank, culturally shared stories--or stories in general--occur frequently in highly abbreviated form, as "skeleton stories" or "gists", not least in pictorial form. Moreover, in ways that correspond to Schank's account of storytelling and cognition, these may also have implications for conceptions of one's home-culture in relation to an alien-culture. Many pictures and visual artworks have indeed been produced in order to consolidate, modify, and demarcate certain cultural stances. In this paper, I shall focus upon one (and even today highly relevant) example of creating cultural identity, namely the racist confrontation of the "Aryans" vs. the Other (esp. Jews, but also Slavs and Romani) as promoted by National Socialist thinking and politics during the Third Reich in German history. Some concrete pictorial examples indicating these attempts will be discussed and analysed from a narratological and cognitive semiotic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older individuals is associated with increased risk of progression to dementia. The factors predicting progression are not yet well established, yet cognitive performance, particularly for memory, is known to be important. Anosognosia, meaning lack of awareness of one's impaired function, is commonly reported in dementia and is often also a feature of MCI, but its association with risk of progression is not well understood. In particular, self-appraisal measures provide an autonomous measure of insight abilities, without the need of an informant. Methods: The present study examined the utility of self-appraisal accuracy at baseline for predicting cognitive decline in 51 patients using an informant-free assessment method. Baseline task performance scores were compared to self-assessments of performance to yield a discrimination score (DS) for tasks tapping into memory and executive functions. Results: Linear regression revealed that a larger DS for executive function tasks in MCI predicted functional decline, independent of age, education, and baseline memory and executive task scores. Conclusion: These findings indicate that objective estimates of self-appraisal can be used to quantify anosognosia and increase predictive accuracy for decline in MCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindfulness-based interventions are believed to counteract cognitive biases that exacerbate cognitive and physiological reactivity to emotional experiences and that contribute to the development and persistence of psychopathology. One process by which mindful practices may produce such salutary effects is by enhancing the capacity to "decenter"-or to adopt a self-distanced, nonjudgmental perspective on conscious experiences (e.g., thoughts, memories, and feelings). Findings consistently indicate that decentering, assessed via self-report, represents an important aspect of mental health and well-being; however, numerous researchers have called for more objective measures of skills associated with mindfulness and decentering to further evaluate the mechanisms and benefits of mindfulness-based practices. Thus, in the current investigation, we developed a behavioral task that requires mental manipulation of negative emotional (and neutral) material away from the self (self-distancing), as a means to assess the skills associated with mindfulness and decentering that likely underlie healthy emotional processing. In 2 nonmeditating, university samples, we found that higher levels of self-reported mindfulness and higher levels of 1 facet of decentering (the capacity to adopt a distanced perspective on experiences) predicted behavioral indicators of self-distancing. Results suggest that the self-distancing task shows considerable promise for capturing skills associated with mindfulness and at least 1 element of decentering. (PsycINFO Database Record [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose that Experiential Self-Referential Processing (ESRP)-the cognitive association of present moment subjective experience (e.g., sensations, emotions, thoughts) with the self-underlies various forms of maladaptation. We theorize that mindfulness contributes to mental health by engendering Experiential Selfless Processing (ESLP)-processing present moment subjective experience without self-referentiality. To help advance understanding of these processes we aimed to develop an implicit, behavioral measure of ESRP and ESLP of fear, to experimentally validate this measure, and to test the relations between ESRP and ESLP of fear, mindfulness, and key psychobehavioral processes underlying (mal)adaptation. One hundred 38 adults were randomized to 1 of 3 conditions: control, meta-awareness with identification, or meta-awareness with disidentification. We then measured ESRP and ESLP of fear by experimentally eliciting a subjective experience of fear, while concurrently measuring participants' cognitive association between her/himself and fear by means of a Single Category Implicit Association Test; we refer to this measurement as the Single Experience & Self Implicit Association Test (SES-IAT). We found preliminary experimental and correlational evidence suggesting the fear SES-IAT measures ESLP of fear and 2 forms of ESRP- identification with fear and negative self-referential evaluation of fear. Furthermore, we found evidence that ESRP and ESLP are associated with meta-awareness (a core process of mindfulness), as well as key psychobehavioral processes underlying (mal)adaptation. These findings indicate that the cognitive association of self with experience (i.e., ESRP) may be an important substrate of the sense of self, and an important determinant of mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-determination theory (SDT) conceptualizes basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness as innate and essential for ongoing psychological growth, internalization, and well-being. We broadly review the literature on basic psychological need satisfaction at work with three more specific aims: to test SDT’s requirement that each basic psychological need should uniquely predict psychological growth, internalization, and well-being; to test whether use of an overall need satisfaction measure is appropriate; and to test whether the scale used to assess basic psychological needs influenced our results. To this end, we conducted a meta-analytic review of 99 studies with 119 distinct samples examining the antecedents and consequences of basic need satisfaction. We conclude with recommendations for addressing issues arising from our review and also identify points for future research, including the study of need frustration and culture, integrating the basic needs with other motivation theories, and a caution regarding the measures and methods used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]