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Analyzing Android applications is essential to review proprietary code and to understand malware behaviors. However, Android applications use obfuscation techniques to slow down this process. These obfuscation techniques are increasingly based on native code. In this article, we propose OATs'inside, a new analysis tool that focuses on high-level behaviors to circumvent native obfuscation techniques transparently. The targeted high-level behaviors are object-level behaviors, i.e., actions performed on Java objects (e.g., field accesses, method calls), regardless of whether these actions are performed using Java or native code. Our system uses a hybrid approach based on dynamic monitoring and trace-based symbolic execution to output control flow graphs (CFGs), 27 pages. for each method of the analyzed application. CFGs are composed of Java-like actions enriched with condition expressions and dataflows between actions, giving an understandable representation of any code, even those fully native. OATs'inside spares users the need to dive into low-level instructions, which are difficult to reverse engineer. We extensively compare OATs'inside functionalities against state-of-the-art tools to highlight the benefit when observing native operations. Our experiments are conducted on a real smartphone: We discuss the performance impact of OATs'inside, and we demonstrate its practical use on applications containing anti-debugging techniques provided by the OWASP foundation. We also evaluate the robustness of OATs'inside using obfuscated unit tests using the Tigress obfuscator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It is important for professional divers and candidates to be medically and physically fit to undertake their underwater work safely. This study aimed to review the screening of dysbaric osteonecrosis (DON) using conventional radiography, which has been stated in the legislation as part of fitness-to-dive examinations, in terms of international standards and scientific facts. Methods: Data on clinical, demographic, laboratory, and radiological evaluations were retrospectively collected for 46 professional divers or candidates who were referred for fitness- to-dive examinations between 2018 and 2020. The approach of the Professional Divers Regulation to DON was compared with that of the Military Health Regulation for the Turkish Armed Forces and the Turkish Underwater Sports Federation Equipped Diving Instruction, as well as that of the legislation of United Kingdom and European Diving Technology Committee standards. Results: Forty-six divers (males: n=45; female: n=1) were enrolled in the study. Their median age was 34 (range: 18-63) years, and the mean body mass index was 25.42 kg/m2 . The prevalence of DON was 2.17% in the study group. Compared with the national and international legislations, Professional Diver Regulation was the only regulation that mandated radiological evaluation for DON in both the initial and periodic fitness-to-dive examinations. Conclusion: One of the aims of regulations is that medical fitness-to-dive standards should be evidence-based and compatible with contemporaneous clinical practice. By the 2000s, attitudes toward DON, fitness to continue diving, and compressed air work have changed in Europe. In light of the findings of the present study, we believe that it is time for a critical reappraisal of the Professional Divers Regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panic arising from physical or psychological stress is a common issue in reported incidents and accidents in scuba diving. Due to its effect on perception, thinking and diver behavior, the panic reaction is often a significant factor in the generation or escalation of problems, potentially leading to injuries and fatalities. The instinctive behaviors associated with panic are incompatible with the constraints of scuba diving (e.g., flight response to threat, leading to rapid ascent). Although the dangers are wellknown, the psychological mechanisms of panic and the implications for prevention/risk reduction are not sufficiently highlighted to recreational divers. In applied psychology, there are grounded theoretical models which describe the onset and maintenance of anxiety and panic, and an evidence base for approaches to anxiety management. For example, these models are used within structured psychological approaches for people experiencing anxiety disorders; and panic attacks are resolvable. Based on these models and underlying theory, this article proposes a new, accessible model for panic in divers. The potential uses of the model are to: (1) provide a simple framework for divers to understand the onset of panic; (2) promote the need for adequate training; (3) describe the importance of staying within training standards, qualifications and personal limitations; (4) support diver and dive educator understanding of individual factors in panic reactions (e.g. psychiatric conditions) placing greater emphasis on psychological fitness to dive; and (5) draw attention to approaches to improved regulation of emotion and promote individual responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SCUBA divers make a range of accidental and intentional contacts with the benthos during each reef visit. Reefs with high levels of diving tourism can be subjected to major impacts. Whilst strategies currently exist to reduce diver contacts, including pre-dive briefing and carrying-capacity approaches, significant impacts still occur. This study tested the effectiveness of Low-Impact Diver (LID) training on 183 certified SCUBA divers. The aim was to assess if specific training could provide divers with the skill base to avoid, or significantly reduce, contact with the reef, regardless of certification or experience level. Students completed a single pre-training dive, in which a set of tasks was completed to the best of their current ability and which could be used as a baseline for comparison with a similar post-course completion dive. Regardless of an individual diver’s certification, or experience level, LID training was shown to significantly reduce contact with the benthos during subsequent dives. This study demonstrated a clear deficiency in current entry-level diver training standards and shows that divers from all experience levels are capable of learning and applying LID techniques. This study presents evidence that LID techniques provide a viable ecotourism management strategy to reduce diver impacts globally. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Pre-dive checklists can prevent mishaps, injuries, and deaths in recreational scuba diving. However, the prevalence of checklist use remains low. Understanding the environmental and individual factors influencing a diver's checklist use may help in promoting checklists. In the summer of 2012, 617 divers were enrolled in the intervention group of a cluster randomized trial. The divers received an intervention pre-dive checklist to use before they made dives. Logistic regression analyses were used to model adherence to pre-dive checklist with generalized estimating equations. About 70% divers (n=430) adhered to the intervention pre-dive checklist. Factors associated with greater adherence were the use of a diver's own written self-checklist - odds ratio (OR) = 2.48 (95% confidence intervaI: 0.95, 6.44), older age (> 35 years) - OR = 1.67 (1.15, 2.42), and higher average annual dives (6-10 dives vs. 0-5 dives) - OR = 1.87 (1.09, 3.21). Factors associated with lower adherence were diving in North Carolina as compared to the Caribbean - OR = 0.42 (0.20, 0.85), non-white race - OR = 0.54 (0.27, 1.09), and female gender - OR = 0.77 (0.54, 1.12). Checklist adherence is also a function of risk perception, facilitators, and barriers. Future studies should try to understand diver risk perceptions, promote facilitators, and reduce barriers to foster the use of pre-dive checklists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of controlling the state and location of scuba divers is of importance. This work consider the possibility to use for this purpose a low-frequency noise of a scuba diver. The noise of a scuba diver under a dry swimming suite near the trachea and in the water at a distance of 50 m was recorded.It wa shown that both sygnals are characterized by the presence of quasi-periodic components induced by the amplitude modulation of wide-band breathing noises by the brething rhythms of a scuba diver. The quasi-periodic componentss distinguished can be used to evaluate the physiological parameters of the state of a scuba diver and to establish his location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reprint of the article "Daredevils of the Deep" published in "Popular Mechanics" in February 1944 is presented. Topics include salvage diving at the U.S. Navy (USN) School at Pier 88, New York, the need of the U.S. government for underwater workers to clean up sinkings at Pearl Harbor and New York City, and instruction provided the school on air valve manipulation. It also features photographs of the first batch of participants of the school during their training.

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) in practical applications is currently used to invert the direct arrivals (diving waves, no reflections) using relatively long offsets. This is driven mainly by the high nonlinearity introduced to the inversion problem when reflection data are included, which in some cases require extremely low frequency for convergence. However, analytical insights into diving waves have lagged behind this sudden interest. We use analytical formulas that describe the diving wave's behavior and traveltime in a constant-gradient medium to develop insights into the traveltime moveout of diving waves and the image (model) point dispersal (residual) when the wrong velocity is used. The explicit formulations that describe these phenomena reveal the high dependence of diving-wave imaging on the gradient and the initial velocity. The analytical image point residual equation can be further used to scan for the best-fit linear velocity model, which is now becoming a common sight as an initial velocity model for FWI. We determined the accuracy and versatility of these analytical formulas through numerical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with conceptual development in an emerging activity, Technical diving. Tech divers are equipped with innovative, complex machines (the “rebreathers”) to perform deep dives. The developmental methodology of cross self-confrontation was used to investigate the psychological dimensions of safety in diving with a group of volunteers (divers and instructors). One sequence of these data helps us analyze carefully the development of one concept in use in this milieu, the “confidence in the machine.” Building on 30 years of French-speaking research in work analysis on conceptualization in the work activity, we highlight the conflicting nature of the professional concepts as well as their multifunctionality. In the sequence analyzed in this article, the conceptual development takes the form of the discursive discovery of this complexity, which may open new possibilities for action (here, through the transmission of renewed concepts to other practitioners). The argumentative logics of the dialogical framework requires from the participants that they go beyond well-established knowledge to be able to convince both the researcher and their colleague. However, the stabilization of the concept emerging in this debate is related to its double anchoring: anchoring both in the emotions of the participants and in the professional genre of the milieu. This article shows the potential of the developmental methodology of cross self-confrontations in conceptual development: combining careful observation of routine behaviors, comparisons of personal habits, and thorough discussion of convergences and discrepancies, the methodology encourages reflexive practice and conceptual renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The author shares his views on the incidence of accidents and risk management strategies in the recreational diving industry. The author points that the degradation in training standards for diving instructors and students, dive masters and assistants have led to an increase in diving accidents and deaths, which also led to the rise in lawsuits. The industry also experienced a decrease in qualified and experienced diving leaders. Risk management tools such as waivers and releases and defensive teaching play a critical role within the industry.

The results of underwater visual fish censuses (UVC) could be affected by fish changing their behavior in response to the snorkeler or diver conducting the survey. We used an underwater video camera to assess how fish abundance, family richness, and community composition were affected by the presence of snorkelers ( n = 12) and self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) divers ( n = 6) on a coral reef in Thailand. The total number of families, abundance of some fish families, and overall species composition showed significant differences before and during snorkeling disturbances. We did not detect significant and consistent changes to these parameters in the presence of a SCUBA diver; however, this could be a result of lower statistical power. We suggest that the use of a stationary video camera may help cross-check data that is collected through UVC to assess the true family composition and document the presence of rare and easily disturbed species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents proposed changes in the two-week introductory full-time diving medical courses implemented at the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Adelaide Hospital in Australia. The article discusses on the suggestions to the program that include changes and topics involving the number of full-time lecturers, course syllabus, available relevant literature, interactive techniques, diving and recompression-chamber exposure, investigations, qualifications, examinations, and critiques.

The article reports on the development of the first-ever in-water scuba diving experience camp for individuals who are cognitively impaired. The camp was held in July, 2005 on Little Cayman Island in the Western Caribbean, and was organized by divemaster Ron Thomson and John Johnston, the grandfather of a cognitively impaired individual. Thomson and Johnston partnered with Oceans for Youth Foundation, a non-profit organization designed to encourage underwater education for youths, to develop the idea of the camp.The successes of the five campers, who were paired with their own volunteer scuba instructors, is chronicled.

Free diving is a sport that in the past few years has increased in importance, in terms of the number and the level of practising athletes. To reach depths close to 100 m in constant ballast, new physical and mental training techniques have been developed, and innovative materials and new shapes have been adopted for the fins. Usually the introduction of such improvements is based on manufacturers’ experience, while their evaluation is remitted to athlete’s opinions and not to quantitative measures. The aim of this study is to assess a new simple methodology to determine quantitatively the performance of free-diving fins. This methodology is shown in detail and the results of an analysis on a very popular fin are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the inclusion of scuba technology in the science curriculum as an interdisciplinary investigation of the gas laws and the human respiratory system. Link between physics and biology; Reinforcement in the discussion of the complexities of human physiology; Concepts in physical science; Mechanism of the decompression sickness; Medical dangers of scuba diving. INSET: Using scuba to learn physiology and the gas laws..

The article offers information about the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society's (SPUMS) Diploma of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. To be eligible for the diploma, a candidate should satisfy several conditions including being medically qualified, being a current financial member of the society, and must have completed an examined two-week full-time course in Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. Candidates must correspond with the Education Officer in Writing to apply for the diploma.