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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the qualification of crimes in the field of intellectual property. It is noted that the basis of the criminal-legal qualification process is exclusively the criminal law. Only the Criminal Code of Ukraine provides an exhaustive list of criminal offenses, definitions of acts that are not crimes, and characteristics of post-criminal behavior, which in each specific case have their own criminallegal significance. That is why, for the correct application of the criminal law, it is necessary to have deep knowledge, a systematic understanding and a clear and unanimous interpretation of all elements of the composition of a criminal offense, acts that are not criminal, as well as certain post-criminal behavior, if they were not disclosed by the legislator in the law itself. That is, the qualification of a criminal offense in the field of intellectual property becomes a logical continuation of the previous criminal-legal qualification only when the result of the latter turns out to be the recognition of a certain act as criminally illegal. In addition, it was established that during the criminal-legal qualification, first of all, it should be determined whether the committed act is provided for in a certain prohibitive article of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Then it is necessary to establish the conformity of the signs of this actually committed act with all the signs of a criminal offense in the field of intellectual property, which are provided for by the specified article of the criminal law. The author also emphasized the fact that an important aspect of the qualification of criminal offenses in the field of intellectual property is their combination with other criminal acts. That is why the accuracy of the qualification of the investigated criminal offenses must be achieved regardless of whether it will affect the future punishment or in some other way in the future will affect the legal position of the suspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by marked differences in communication patterns, reciprocal social interactions, and restricted, stereotyped, and repetitive interests and activities. Various behavioral problems in ASD, more so when accompanied by coexisting psychopathology, can sometimes lead to legal problems. In this study, the cases in which an opinion was requested in terms of criminal responsibility with the diagnosis of ASD in the 5‐year period between 2018 and 2022 in the expertise department of psychiatric observation, where psychiatric cases were hospitalized and observed in the Council of Forensic Medicine (CFM), which is the official expert institution in Türkiye, were retrospectively evaluated. The mean age of the group whose criminal responsibility was reduced or removed was 22.9 years (±7.52) and the mean IQ score was 76.63 ± 18.94. The most common crime in this group was intentional injury (5/11), and it is noteworthy that the victims of these crimes were usually relatives of people with ASD (5/6). The criminal acts of people with ASD are usually single‐movement, spontaneous, unplanned, impulsive acts. In addition, although there is no problem in cognitive perception in people with high functioning ASD (HF‐ASD), various forensic situations may arise due to defects in emotional awareness. When we look at the practices of the CFM in Türkiye, it is seen that in cases where the diagnosis of ASD is clear and can be associated with the crime, criminal responsibility is usually completely eliminated. In HF‐ASD types, although it is important to be associated with the crime, it is seen that criminal responsibility is generally reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To estimate how many offenses are averted through the incapacitation of first-time incarcerated offenders with sentences of two years or less. Methods: The counterfactual challenge of estimating criminal acts that would have been committed had the offender not been incarcerated is approached utilizing a matching design. Data comprise all offenders convicted in Sweden in 2018, matched on a vector of time-stable and time-varying covariates drawn from an extensive set of Swedish registers. Each incarcerated offender is matched to a nonincarcerated offender whose offending frequency is used to infer the incapacitation effect. Full sample estimates are provided as well as subgroup estimates for males, females, and various risk groups. Results: The annual incapacitation effect for first-time incarcerated offenders is estimated to be 0.53 when measured as the number of averted convictions and 1.14 when measured as the number of averted offenses that would have resulted in a conviction. For males, the annual number of convictions averted through incapacitation is 0.51, and for females 0.37. For the highest risk group, the annual number of averted convictions is 1.22, and the number of averted offenses resulting in conviction is 2.55. For offenders in the low-to-medium risk groups, the corresponding figures are approximately 0.31 averted convictions and approximately 0.68 averted offenses. Conclusion: For first-time incarcerated offenders, the incapacitation effect is modest and the heterogeneous effects found across different risk groups warrant considering whether the crime-preventive effect is sufficiently large for low-risk inmates and whether noncustodial sanctions might constitute an alternative that would ease overcrowding without producing any considerable risk for costs in terms of recidivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The journal "GesR: Health Law" published an article with various topics, including the assistance to suicide without punishment and the criminal act of killing upon request. Other topics include the approval activities of the Federal Ministry of Health regarding death and "brain death," as well as various judgments on medical law issues. In addition, new laws in the field of justice and the Capital Investor Model Proceedings Act are presented. The article also contains information on comments and updates in the field of corporate law and tax law. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores an effect of distrust of the police – unwillingness to rely on them for security and justice – on policing dynamics in contemporary Nigeria using a qualitative research design. It argues that policing according to formal prescriptions such as the Criminal Procedure Act is virtually impossible in contemporary Nigeria because of this pervasive public distrust. At the same time, police officers resort to informal processes that further undermine public trust in the criminal justice system and create a self-defeating cycle that allows many to justify support for or active participation in illegal forms of crime control, including lynching by mobs and extra-legal killing by security forces. This proposition is significant for policing studies in two ways. Firstly, it suggests a trust threshold that, when breached, leads to policing collapse. Despite widespread distrust, many police forces maintain order. Secondly, it reveals how distrust perpetuates itself, even amid attempts at reform in various countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the regulatory framework related to human trafficking in Hong Kong and identifies its deficiencies as the lack of an accepted internationally compliant definition of trafficking and the absence of any specific criminal offence of trafficking as a result. The article compares the approach taken in Hong Kong to efforts undertaken in Europe by the Council of Europe, the UK, and the European Union and identifies several lessons from the European experience that could help rectify failures observed in Hong Kong. In particular, effective combatting of human trafficking requires not only a definition of the offence that recognises the essential elements--an "act," a "means," and a "purpose" of exploitation--but also the establishment of sufficient state institutions and agencies dedicated to identifying and protecting trafficking victims. Without the detection of trafficking victims, criminals engaged in the act of trafficking perceive their chances of being caught and prosecuted as low and operate with impunity. This necessitates the adoption of a consistent and readily identifiable criminal offence of "trafficking" aligned with the approach taken by the Palermo Protocol, just as the EU and UK have done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French colonialism tried to eliminate the components and the identity of the Algerian people. In doing so, it adopted profound plans, colonialist discourses, and criminal acts whose psychological and physical consequences transmitted through generations. As a response, our intellectuals raised awareness and were desperate to engage in civilizational resistance in response to the nation’s call. They exposed the falsity of the civilizational message as well as the adopted policy of integration. Sheikh Mohamed Bachir El Ibrahimi, one of the leaders of the Algerian Muslim Scholars Association emphasizes in his reformist speeches the separation of the Algerian ego from the French colonialist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulnerable individuals are increasingly coming into custody. One safeguard implemented by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act and Codes of Practice is the Appropriate Adult measure. However, little is known about how the Appropriate Adult constructs and understands their role and the implications this may have for the enactment of their role. The current study aimed to explore how Appropriate Adults and others experience and understand their role when working with vulnerable individuals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 Appropriate Adults and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Overall, two superordinate and six subordinate themes emerged from the data that highlighted the complex and confusing role of the Appropriate Adult. In addition, Appropriate Adults suggested that they may be less likely to perform their duties if faced with excessive conflict from others working in custody. The research raises implications regarding the understanding and utilisation of the Appropriate Adult role and for the treatment and outcome of the vulnerable adult in custody. That is, if the Appropriate Adult remains passive in their role, the vulnerable individual in custody is not being appropriately safeguarded and remains at risk of providing unreliable, self-incriminating information or even a false confession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reporting entities have been made jointly responsible for protecting the financial system against money laundering. However, because of privacy rules, law enforcement is not allowed to share details about underlying criminal evidence with private parties. Gatekeepers thus do not have background information on predicate offenses or other criminal acts associated with a transaction, nor do they know whether their clients are individuals who the investigative authorities designate as professional money launderers (PLMs). At the same time, gatekeepers unknowingly come across such clients who, because of their financial behaviour or other reasons, are subsequently reported to the authorities. This article examines what we can learn from these reported transactions. It combines police registrations of 264 PMLs connected to drug trafficking with Suspicious Activity Reports filed by reporting entities. It turns out that over 5,000 reported transactions are connected to 68% of the PMLs. The study also shows several differences between categories of PMLs although recurring money laundering themes are cash money flow, loans and real estate. A key finding is that gatekeepers report more diffuse financial conduct compared to the literature about PMLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organized crime creates a particularly negative social situation in the Western Balkans, which has a direct impact on the relationships that citizens have with their society. The analysis of several characteristics of organized crime and their consequences on young people, based on a review of the literature, constitutes the main research approach on which the conceptualization of the variables is based. The research follows the methodology of a cross-sectional descriptive study, which explores through scientific means how respondents (n=1,059) perceive organized crime in Albanian society. The collection of data through the structured questionnaire, analysed statistically, highlights the factors conducive to crime and the groups most exposed, as well as the dynamics linked to opposition to criminal acts, which support scientific conclusions to focus on the request for specific intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resocialization of juveniles is aimed at shaping anew in socially maladjusted persons a system of moral norms and proper rules of conduct accepted in society. The purpose of the research within the framework of this article was to evaluate the model of juvenile resocialization currently in force in Poland in a closed environment as a variation of institutional resocialization, especially in the context of its effectiveness. Both the relevant regulations contained in the Law on the Support and Re-socialization of Minors were analyzed, a selected body of literature on the subject relating to the problems of the re-socialization of minors, taking into account re-socialization in conditions of social isolation, was presented and discussed, as well as the results of scientific research and inspections by the Supreme Chamber of Control in the indicated research area. On this basis, an assessment was made of the current model of the rehabilitation of minors in Poland in a closed environment, especially in the perspective of its effectiveness in achieving the goals of rehabilitation. On this basis, the author presented the view of the necessity of functioning in the modern realities of the rehabilitation of minors in the conditions of social isolation as an adequate response to the behavior of the most demoralized group of minors and, at the same time, pointed out the necessity of developing specific legal regulations that will effectively include the family in the process of rehabilitation of minors residing in correctional institutions, district assistance centers and youth assistance centers, which is emphasized by the legislator in the preamble to the Act on support and rehabilitation of minors indicating the role of the family in the educational process. This article should contribute to a better understanding of the essence of the model of rehabilitation in a closed environment and will add to the current body of literature with regard to evaluating the operation and effectiveness of this model under current legislation.

The system of Polish law on juvenile proceedings has undergone significant changes over the years. The result of these changes is the currently in force Act of 9 June 2022 on the support and re-socialisation of minors, which replaced, after 40 years, the Act of 26 October 1982 on proceedings in juvenile matters. The aim of the article is to show the legal solutions adopted in Polish legislation, both historically and in contemporary terms. An important aspect of the study is also the evaluation of the new solutions applied to minors and the formulation of de lege ferenda conclusions.

The article defines the concept of criminalistic characteristics of illegal employment in fish, game or other water extractive fishing and outlines its main structural elements. The opinions of the leading criminologists regarding the essence of the criminological characteristics are highlighted, and a proper concept was formed based on them. In the course of the study, it was determined that the forensic characterization of illegal employment in fish, game or other water extractive fishing should be understood as an organized collection of forensic information on significant typical features that distinguish the criminal offense provided for in Art. 249 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine from other criminal offenses and determine the system of operative and investigative measures and procedural actions aimed at his detection and the fulfillment of the tasks of criminal proceedings provided for in Art. 2 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine during the investigation. All elements of forensic characteristics are interdependent, the detection of internal connections allows, knowing one element of the criminal offense system, to gain knowledge about some other elements and ultimately to uncover a criminal offense. The content of the forensic characterization should include the features of the methods and traces of the relevant types of criminal offenses, the circumstances characterizing the participants in criminal illegal acts and their illegal connections, the objective side, time, place, conditions of committing criminal offenses, the object of the offense and relationships connection of the listed factors. That is why, the elemental-component structure of the criminalistic characterization of the criminalistic characterization of illegal employment in fish, game or other aquatic extractive industry, as a data system based on the practice of law enforcement agencies and forensic research, includes: 1) the subject of criminal encroachment; 2) the setting of the crime and the trail picture; 3) ways of committing; 4) information about persons who have committed a criminal offense (identity of the offender). The specified elements most accurately reveal the content of forensic characteristics in the process of developing a methodology for investigating illegal fishing, animal or other water extractive fishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corruption is a synonym for financial crime which is perceived by the public to be severely punished, so as to make the final justice system for the settlement of corruption cases. A severe punishment even though there are several corruption cases that have harmed the country's finances in small loses, and opened up opportunities for restoration. This study aims to analyze the criteria for corruption with small state losses that can be restored and the implications of implementing restorative justice for eradicating criminal acts of corruption. This study uses a normative juridical approach by using secondary data related to restorative justice and criminal acts of corruption and then analyzing them using qualitative techniques. The results of the study show that corruption with small losses can be restored if the value of the loss is not more than 1 billion rupiah, the perpetrator does not have an important role in the implementation of the crime and is not a repetition of the crime. The application of restorative justice is believed to have juridical implications in the form of recovering state losses due to corruption. The restoration process can speed up the stages of the case settlement process, making law enforcement cost efficient, it is an alternative choice to reduce the cost of handling cases to be efficient. This reduces the problem of overcapacity in correctional institutions, while socially this concept affects the public's perception that state losses due to corruption can be returned without punishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines law enforcement in an effort to maintain security and order in Indonesian archipelagic waters. Indonesia has accommodated the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage by establishing three archipelagic sea lanes. In implementing the right of Indonesian archipelagic sea lanes passage, many violations have occurred both by ships and foreign aircraft, there are still many criminal acts and violations of sovereignty both at sea and in the air. The research aims to find the concept of coordinating law enforcement for the right to sea lanes passage in ALKI. The method to be used in this research is normative juridical. The specification of the research used is analytical prescriptive. Based on the results of the study it is known that law enforcement agencies have overlapping powers. BAKAMLA has very broad powers including authority as the TNI and authority as the Police. Coordinative law enforcement can be realized through the distribution of authority among law enforcers in a proportional and coordinated manner under one command. Criminal acts at sea will be the domain of all law enforcers but in coordination of the Water Police. While acts of violation of sovereignty committed by foreign ships or aircraft will fall under the authority of the Indonesian Navy and Indonesian Air Force as Coordinators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tax crimes are criminal acts in the field of administrative law that can harm the State due to losses caused by unpaid taxes or other things. In this case, what regulates sanctions for tax crimes is Law Number 28 of 2007. Where this tax crime can be committed by Natuurlijk Persons (individuals) and Legal Entities (recht persons) by taking advantage of reproaches to commit crimes. With sanctions What you get is a fine you have to pay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery of financial losses suffered by subsidiaries should prioritize recovery efforts that have a non-punitive nature or without punishing a certain person who is considered responsible for the management of BUMN subsidiaries unless there is intentional unlawful conduct and there are elements of criminal acts in it. In accordance with the principle of business judgment rule, the directors can be exempted, because the directors are considered to have made business decisions in accordance with good faith. In this research, the author uses a descriptive analytical research method, because the author will describe or provide an overview of the object under study through the data collected. The form of research used in this writing is normative legal research, because this research uses legislation and court decisions and also legal norms that exist in society. Researchers also collect data in the form of decisions from the corruption court on corruption cases that harm state finances. Losses arising in subsidiaries of SOEs whose capital is not sourced from the state budget or is not equity participation of SOEs and does not receive or use state facilities, are not included in the State's losses. the role of the business judgment rule if the person commits acts of criminal acts of corruption not due to encouragement or coercion and/or business decisions that are not based on prudence from the directors, the directors will be free from legal liability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to explore how these differing definitions influence legal interpretations, law enforcement practices, and societal perceptions of crime. Additionally, the study will examine the impact of these definitions on the development of criminal law policies and how they affect the treatment of various offenses within the justice system. Thus, this research will provide a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted nature of crime definitions and their implications for both theory and practice in the fields of law and criminology. Research method the type of research used in writing this thesis is a type of normative legal research which is supported by empirical research, namely by conducting research through observations in the field where the research is then compared with the concepts contained in the library materials used and statutory regulations. Invitation as a legal basis for solving problems. Conclusion Law enforcement of the criminal act of falsifying Motor Vehicle Owner's Books (BPKB) in the Bali Regional Police's legal area is as follows. Carrying out outreach to the public, spreading information that you should not easily believe the perpetrators of the criminal act of falsifying Motor Vehicle Owner's Books (BPKB). Report immediately if there is someone. Suspicious related to the criminal act of falsifying the Motor Vehicle Owner's Book (BPKB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alauddin Law Development Journal is the property of Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alauddin Law Development Journal is the property of Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alauddin Law Development Journal is the property of Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Chief of the Police Security Maintenance Agency Regulation Number 1 of 2017 concerning Patrols in preventing assault crimes within the jurisdiction of Bali Police. The main issue addressed in this research is the extent to which this regulation can reduce the incidence of assault crimes and the challenges encountered in its implementation. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with police officers, document analysis, and direct observation. The data analysis was conducted by identifying patrol implementation patterns and measuring their success in preventing assault crimes. The research findings indicate that the implementation of the Chief of the Police Security Maintenance Agency Regulation Number 1 of 2017 has been quite effective in reducing the incidence of assault crimes within the jurisdiction of Bali Police, although several challenges remain in its implementation, such as limited human resources and infrastructure to support patrols. The implications of this research suggest the need for enhancing personnel capacity and patrol facilities to improve the effectiveness of crime prevention. Additionally, recommendations for improving regulations and operational procedures are proposed to make them more adaptive to local conditions in Bali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Paratransit is a system that operates along a more or less defined route and then stops to take passengers on demand. They offer on-demand door-to-door service from any origin to any destination in a service area, and are operated by public transit agencies, community groups or not-for-profit organizations, and for-profit private companies or operators. In transit, criminal acts including rape, kidnapping and/or abduction, robbery, carjacking, vehicle theft, and even acts of terrorism are committed. These crimes are occasionally committed by other passengers since not every individual who boards a vehicle is a real traveller. This study examined the incidence of paratransit crimes in Akure, Nigeria using a Secured System Approach. Results: This study employed a household-based form of sampling to select the study locations in Akure. Convenient sampling was used to select two streets in each of the residential areas from which one hundred and twenty (120) houses were sampled purposively. The questionnaire was used to gather the primary data, with descriptive analysis. The study found that most of the transit crimes were perpetuated with taxi and motorcycles. Also, kidnapping was the major transit crimes in Akure. The Oba-Adesida road and Arakale road (situated along the study areas) were the hotspots for transit crimes in Akure. Finally, the respondents did not have a good perception of the proactiveness, integrity, reliability, respectability, and trustworthiness of security agencies regarding paratransit crimes in Akure. Conclusions: Incidence of paratransit crimes in Akure, Nigeria was explored among residents in Akure households. Kidnapping was dominant in Akure along Oba-Adesida and Arakale road, and mostly perpetuated with taxi and motorcycles. Since the participant did not have a good perception concerning the proactiveness, integrity, reliability, respectability, and trustworthiness of security agencies in Akure. Recommendations were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet is gaining relevance as a platform where extremist organizations seek to recruit new members. For this preregistered study, we developed and tested a novel online game, Radicalise , which aims to combat the effectiveness of online recruitment strategies used by extremist organizations, based on the principles of active psychological inoculation. The game "inoculates" players by exposing them to severely weakened doses of the key techniques and methods used to recruit and radicalize individuals via social media platforms: identifying vulnerable individuals, gaining their trust, isolating them from their community and pressuring them into committing a criminal act in the name of the extremist organization. To test the game's effectiveness, we conducted a preregistered 2 × 2 mixed (pre–post) randomized controlled experiment (n = 291) with two outcome measures. The first measured participants' ability and confidence in assessing the manipulativeness of fictitious WhatsApp messages making use of an extremist manipulation technique before and after playing. The second measured participants' ability to identify what factors make an individual vulnerable to extremist recruitment using 10 profile vignettes, also before and after playing. We find that playing Radicalise significantly improves participants' ability and confidence in spotting manipulative messages and the characteristics associated with vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyper‐realistic silicone masks provide a viable route to identity fraud. Over the last decade, more than 40 known criminal acts have been committed by perpetrators using this type of disguise. With the increasing availability and bespoke sophistication of these masks, research must now focus on ways to enhance their detection. In this study, we investigate whether super‐recognisers (SRs), people who excel at identity recognition, are more likely to detect this type of fraud, in comparison to typical‐recogniser controls. Across three tasks, we examined mask detection rates in the absence of a pre‐task prompt (covert task), and again after making participants aware of their use in criminal settings (explicit task). Finally, participants were asked to indicate which aspects of the masks could support their detection (regions of interest task). The findings show an SR advantage for the detection of hyper‐realistic masks across the covert and explicit mask detection tasks. In addition, the eye, mouth, and nose regions appear to be particularly indicative of the presence of a mask. The lack of natural skin texture, proportional features, expressiveness, and asymmetry are also salient cues. The theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with its development, the category of sexual gratification emerged which received a lot of attention from the public and law enforcement officials. This sexual satisfaction is different from the satisfaction we know in general. The difference lies in the object. Sexual gratification is a form of degrading women's dignity. In Indonesia, sexual gratification has not been explicitly regulated. Therefore, this research will discuss the regulation of sexual gratification based on positive law in Indonesia and the evidence. From the results of the analysis it is known that sexual gratification can be included in the provisions of Article 12 B paragraph 1 of Law 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. This can be found in the phrase "other facilities" where "facilities" themselves are defined as the means used to facilitate an implementation. Therefore, the use of sexual service facilities with the aim of achieving all desires is the intention of the party providing satisfaction. Proof of the existence of sexual gratification in eradicating corruption in Indonesia is based on criminal procedural law which refers to the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) in Article 184 paragraph (1) and Article 26A of Law Number 20 of 2001 Jo. Law Number 31 of 1999 uses a reverse or balanced evidentiary system where the burden is on the Public Prosecutor and the defendant to provide evidence of the criminal act of sexual gratification for which the defendant is charged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is indicated that the provision of an effective system of criminal legal protection of employees of security structures and the prevention of relevant criminal acts requires an investigation of the identity of the criminal. The article examines the personal characteristics of individuals who commit crimes in the field of security activities. The study of the criminal's personality is a fundamental aspect of criminology, without which it is difficult to explore other criminological issues, such as the determinants of crimes and methods to combat them. Existing doctrinal approaches to understanding the category of "criminal personality" are analyzed, the main elements that make up the structure of these individuals' personalities are identified, and their socio-demographic, social-role, criminal-legal, and moral-psychological features are analyzed. A criminological profile of individuals who commit crimes in the field of security activities has been established: these are men aged 25-50 years, local city residents with general secondary or vocational education, who are officially unemployed, abuse alcohol, and have previous administrative or criminal offenses (sometimes previously convicted). Special attention is paid to the issues of classification and typology of such criminals. Individuals who commit crimes in the field of security activities can be classified according to the degree of stability of their antisocial orientation (situational (unstable), forced, malicious (stable), particularly dangerous types); their relationship with the victim (previously acquainted with the victim or not); motives (selfish, prestigious, vengeful types); and state of intoxication (those who were intoxicated at the time of the crime and those who were not). The characteristic features of individuals who commit crimes in the field of security activities, as well as the types of offenders in this category, allow for the creation of an effective system of measures to prevent these crimes. However, the study of the criminological characteristics of these individuals cannot fully reveal the complexity of human behavior problems. Therefore, the issue of criminological features of individuals who commit crimes in the field of security activities requires further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses legislative novelties in the part concerning criminal liability for undergoing terrorist training. Thus, the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes of Ukraine in Connection with the Ratification of the Additional Protocol to the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism, as well as to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Improving the Fight against Terrorism» of March 21, 2023, No. 2997-IX Art. 258-4 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine has undergone significant changes. Based on the analysis of objective and subjective signs of the corpus delicti provided for in Art. 258-4 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine «Assistance to the commission of a terrorist act, training in terrorism», we have made the following conclusions regarding the training of terrorism as one of the forms of a socially dangerous act. First, terrorism training should be seen as a process, not an outcome. Such an approach will mean that the moment of the end of the criminal offense will be the very fact of the beginning of training. Terrorist training can only be done with direct intent. This means that the person is aware of the goals for which he or she has started his or her studies. In this context, terrorism training is greater in scope than related criminal offences. It is the subjective side that makes it possible to distinguish the training of terrorism from related socially dangerous acts. First of all, we are talking about preparing to commit a terrorist act. Thus, it is established that preparation for terrorist training includes not only preparation for the commission of a terrorist act, but also cases that are not related to a specific manifestation of a terrorist act. The authors disclosed other features that distinguish criminal acts related to terrorist training. This work also discloses the legislative shortcomings of the formulation of the conditions for exemption from criminal liability of a person who voluntarily refused further criminally illegal activity and reported it to a law enforcement agency. Ways to improve the legal norm in this part are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario Turismo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Empresas Turísticas y Hoteleras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Under routine activities, we can highlight all the specifics that can be linked to the specific way of life of a certain social group in a certain area that developed during the historical development of that society. Such a way of life led to excessive liberalization regarding the freedom of behavior of individuals, which was used for a series of actions and activities that have a delinquent sign. Thus, individuals become perpetrators of some of the criminal acts. The old norms of behavior were rejected, and modern trends were accepted, in which the rules apply primarily: "the end justifies the means". This implies the fact that it is important to reach a certain goal, but the way in which that goal was reached or the means used are not important at all, i.e. it is irrelevant whether it is a permitted or illegal way and with the use of permitted or illegal means. In the light of contemporary social events, even though in one historical period the development of criminology as a science was slowed down, and even stopped. It certainly left a mark on the development of the theory of routine activities and the problems it deals with, i.e. contemporary aspects of society that have significance for the overall events that fall within the domain of studying criminology and the theory of routine activities from the aspect of criminal behavior and its prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The provision of restitution to victims of criminal acts is considered not optimal in its implementation with various problems such as from the regulatory aspect and at the level of implementing relevant stakeholders in the implementation of prosecutions. The results of this study will be presented by describing the data obtained through literature studies analyzed by quantitative methods. The study shows that there is a need for an arrangement that contains a substitute crime if the defendant or convicted person is not able to pay a replacement crime as a norm that becomes the legal basis for public prosecutors and judges in prosecuting and deciding cases. The problem arises due to the lack of comprehensive regulations regarding criminal charges in lieu of the payment of compensation, the nonregulation of criminal substitutes for the payment, and the nonregulation of the amount of the criminal substitute. The ideal arrangement in a criminal prosecution that is carried out comprehensively and correctly by the relevant parties is expected to provide legal certainty, justice, and expediency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The definition of abuse (violence) is not only interpreted physically, but also mentally and even passively (neglect). It can be known, it is undeniable that on the other hand, Abuse in its implementation cannot be separated from the element of violence. Violence can be interpreted as wrong treatment, cruel treatment. In this regard, the problem is: how to enforce the law against sexual violence against children and how obstacles are to the implementation of law enforcement against sexual violence against children. The method used in this study uses a normative juridical method, namely research that focuses on finding legal norms, legal principles and legal doctrines to answer the legal issues to be studied. The results of this study found that the form of law enforcement used in this case uses a preventive method which prevents a person from committing a criminal act for the first time and also in the implementation of law enforcement there are still inhibiting factors that make the implementation of this law enforcement not run optimally, namely internal factors and external factors. Therefore, professional law enforcement is needed and also who can involve other stakeholders so that this law enforcement can run better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the law of confessions in England and the United States of America Supreme Court's Fourteenth amendment cases, with a focus on suspects who are vulnerable. The question that is asked in the piece of work is whether the English statutory provisions and the decisions of the US Supreme Court provide sufficient protection to vulnerable suspects who falsely confess to crimes. A novel approach is adopted with this comparative analysis as it extends the knowledge base by examining vulnerability and the law of confessions within two jurisdictional parameters. A further contribution to knowledge can be seen as the paper provides a bespoke piece of legislation that affords protection to such individuals, and thereby adds to the current debate on vulnerability in the criminal justice system. Firstly, the work critically examine why vulnerable suspects will falsely confess to criminal acts. It will be established that vulnerable suspects may confess even if they have not been coerced, and this will be the foundational basis for the suggested reform: a vulnerable suspects confession should be excluded as a result of their characteristics or that such individuals should be provided with mandatory legal advice. The focus will then turn to the extant position in England, where it will be revealed that confessions will be excluded if they have been obtained by unfair practices or through inhumane or degrading treatment. It will also be recognised that the English jurisdiction affords limited protection to vulnerable suspects even though they are entitled to legal advice and an appropriate adult being present. The US Supreme Court's position will then be evaluated by chronologically critiquing the use of the due process clause in cases of confessions. It will be identified that the vulnerability of the individual can be considered in determining whether a confession should be excluded but cannot be utilised in isolation of other factors. The two jurisdictions will then be critically compared and the positive and negative aspects of the law in the jurisdictions will be evaluated. It will be established that neither England nor the US Supreme provides sufficient protection to vulnerable suspects and the law requires further refinement, by placing priority on mandatory legal advice and/or an opportunity to exclude the confession. A de novo remedial statutory provision for England is provided as an effective solution to the issue of vulnerability and false confessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, mobbing is carried out by children against adults, but on the contrary mobbing is carried out by adults against children. The raid caused minor injuries and trauma to the child as a victim. Raids are included in the criminal act of persecution that must not be allowed and must be carried out by law enforcement. This study aims to analyze the law enforcement process against the criminal act of adult mobbing on children carried out by the Gempol Palimanan Sector Police of Cirebon Regency to the process at the Sumber Prosecutor's Office of Cirebon Regency. The type of research used qualitative research with a descriptive approach to analysis that describes and analyzes facts or data that exist and are collected when conducting research, research methods used empirical juridical or sociological, namely through interviews or interviews with related parties, police, perpetrators, victims and prosecutors. Based on the analysis, it was found that Gempol Police conducted law enforcement assisted by the victim's family in arresting the perpetrators, not all perpetrators were caught. Only one was caught and law enforcement proceedings were carried out. The law enforcement process continues to the Source Prosecutor's Office, the perpetrator asks for a resolution to be carried out by Restorative Justice at the Source Prosecutor's Office. Settlement through Restorative Justice is also agreed upon by the victim. For the sake of justice, Gempol Police should also process other perpetrators of mobbing, if possible, Restorative Justice is carried out in investigations and investigations at the police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is motivated by cases of sexual violence in children have a serious impact on children, both directly and long-term. One form of legal protection for children to overcome sexual violence against children, the Government issued Perppu No. 1 of 2016 which was passed into UU No. 17 of 2016. This study aims to find out how the view of human rights in Indonesia and Islamic criminal law regarding chemical castration as an effort to overcome sexual violence in children. This research uses library research method using descriptive analysis approach. The result of this study is in human rights The implementation of chemical castration is an act of violence and is considered contrary to the 1945 Constitution, namely in Article 28 G paragraph 2 and Article 33 paragraph 1 of UU No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. Meanwhile, Islamic criminal law basically does not recognize castration. The punishment of chemical castration is ta'zir. This study concludes that from the perpetrator's side, this criminal conviction is clearly not in accordance with human rights. From the side of the child as a victim, of course, this chemical castration crime can be an appropriate crime. In Islamic penal law, chemical castration can be imposed if rape committed by the perpetrator is included in an act close to adultery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification process at the crime scene (TKP) is one of the essential tasks carried out by police investigators. One critical aspect is the collection and analysis of evidence found at the crime scene, referred to as biological evidence (BB). This evidence serves as a crucial source for determining whether an incident occurred and, if so, whether it was a suicide or another criminal act (such as murder, etc.). The biological evidence found can be analyzed using molecular serobiology approaches, which are rapidly advancing in the fields of forensic medicine and medicolegal practice. One such approach involves utilizing DNA traces, although a common challenge is that often the DNA recovered at crime scenes is degraded. Therefore, a DNA amplification method utilizing the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, along with the short tandem repeat (STR) – CODIS identification approach, is necessary. The analysis of DNA traces using the STR-CODIS approach enables investigators to determine whether the incident was purely criminal, a suicide, or another type of accident involving the victim. Furthermore, the DNA analysis using the STR-CODIS method can also aid in identifying the victims discovered at the crime scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the connections between human rights and ethics with hate crimes and incitement related to homophobia and transphobia, revealing the problems in ensuring human rights in the context of these crimes. The research problem in this article is the insufficient theoretical clarification of concepts related to hate crimes based on homophobia and transphobia, as well as the problems arising in practice in ensuring human rights, specified by these questions: how are hate crimes based on homophobia and transphobia defined? What human rights problems arise in the context of hate crimes based on homophobia and transphobia? The novelty of the topic is based on the need to extensively discuss the concepts of hate crimes based on homophobia and transphobia, and the human rights issues that arise in the context of these crimes. It is noted that the rights of individuals affected by hate crimes and incitement related to homophobia and transphobia are not sufficiently ensured. Object of the research: the significance of human rights in the context of hate crimes based on homophobia and transphobia. Aim of the research: by discussing the characteristics of hate crimes based on homophobia and transphobia, to reveal the significance and problems of human rights emerging in the context of these crimes. Research objectives: 1. To reveal the concepts of hate crimes based on homophobia and transphobia; 2. To highlight the human rights problems arising in the context of hate crimes and their incitement based on homophobia and transphobia. Research methods: method of analyzing scientific literature, method of analyzing legal acts, summarization. The article concludes that crimes considered homophobic and transphobic hate crimes can include intimidation, damage to personal property, threats, assaults, health impairment, or even murder, as well as any other criminal act where the victim is chosen specifically because of their actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity. Homophobic hatred is the fear or anger felt towards homosexual or bisexual individuals. Transphobia is a negative attitude exhibited by society and individuals towards people who do not conform to prevailing gender norms, manifesting as prejudice, disgust, fear, and/or hatred. Transphobia can be directed against transgender and transsexual individuals. No person can be discriminated against based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. Regarding the equal human rights that belong to all individuals, it can be highlighted that the rights of homosexual, transsexual, and transgender persons to freedom of expression and assembly, family rights, and the right to gender change are not always fully ensured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the exploration is to understand social interactions, both in person and through online platforms, on the behavior of online gambling players, by analyzing how social relationships, support from friends or family, and pressure from the social environment influence gambling decisions; Method The study method used is a descriptive technique with a qualitative approach, which focuses on explaining what is seen in the field or events that occur today. Descriptive studies focus on actual problems as they occur during the research; Results The results show that although there are still doubts about the negative impact of online gambling, most online gambling users in Cinta Makmur Village are workers. Therefore, the possibility of criminal acts or other things happening in the community is minimal. Most people have accepted online gambling as an integral part of their modern lives, seeing it as legitimate entertainment and even as an opportunity to earn extra income. In the midst of the never-ending urban rush, online gambling has become a pleasant escape for the people of Desa Cinta Makmur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]