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Compsoctena pulla sp. nov. (Abb. 1-4, 6a, 9, 10) Type material. HOlOtype. ♁, Thailand, PhitsanulOk, 16°53,3′ N / 100°16,1′ E, 45 m MSL, 04.v.2022, at light, leg. R. Breithaupt. BTTH20220561. Holotype depositeds at the ZSM. Paratypes. 2 ♁, 1 ♀, same data as hOlOtype. BTTH20220537 ♀ (CTS), BTTH20220554 ♁ and BTTH20220562 ♁ (THNHM). Etymology. Pullus, pulla (latin: dark-colored), due to the basic color of the wings of the males and females. Description. Holotype ♁ (Fig. 1), body length 11.5 mm, wingspan 26 mm, forewing length 11.5 mm, WI 2.9. Head (Fig. 4). Antennae 6.0 mm long, 44-45 segments. Scapus and Pedicellus densely covered with yellowbrown scales. Antennal segments ventrally ciliated, dorsally densely scaled. Scales of basal segments dark brown mixed with few light brown scales, lightening distally. Scales narrow, mostly forked. Antennal segments bipectinate, pecten, maximum 6.5 times the length of the antennal segment, decreasing in length distally. Pecten dorsally covered with narrow light brown and several dark brown scales. Eyes large, EI 0.55. Frons and vertex covered with yellow-brown scales. Labial palpi (Fig. 6a) directed forwardly, protruding the eyes, tripartite. Basal and middle segment dark brown scaled, distal segment yellow brownish scaled. Basal segment broad, curved, 0.35 mm long, middle segment elongated, 2 mm long, distal segment reduced, 0.3 mm, curved downwardly. According to Dierl (1970), this corresponds to a ratio of 1: 5.6: 0.8. Thorax. Brown scaled. Scales narrow, distally partially lighter. Mesonotum with lighter scales. Rear-side greybrown. Forelegs scaled dark brown. Tibia with long epiphysis (EPI 0.7). Epiphysis distally longer than tibia. Basal segment of tarsi nearly the length of the four distal segments of tarsi of equal length combined. Mid-legs dark brown, with one pair of spurs. Hind-legs dark brown, tibia and tarsi lighter brown dorsally, with two pairs of spurs. Forewing venation (Fig. 10) with ten veins from dc. R1 to r3 to the anterior margin, r1+r2 from one point or very short stalked, all other veins free emanating, dc with accessory cell of about the same size as intercalary cell. Scales of class 3–4 (after Sauter 1956), rounded distally and predominantly four to five-pointed. Single scales mostly darker distally. Dark grey-brown scales with black-brown scales vaguely scattered over the entire wings, some of which are arranged in indicated transverse lines. At the middle and distally of the dc two indistinct bordered darker spots each.A third spot between middle dc and posterior margin. The distal half of anterior margin very narrow with light brown scales. Fringes multi-pointed, brown-grey, basally lighter. This contrasts with the darker scaled termen of the wings. Rear-side uniformly grey-brown, without markings. Between cup and posterior margin a field of light grey, narrow scales. Hindwings (Fig. 10) slightly lighter, narrow scales (class 2–3). Six free emanating veins from dc, median stem forked. Scales and fringes uniformly light brown, veins somewhat more densely scaled, therefore appearing darker. Rear-side coloured like upper side, darker at the anterior margin. Abdomen. Uniformly grey-brown scales, longer yellow-brown scales distally. Male genitalia (Fig. 7). 2.1 mm long, Uncus bilobed, sparsely setose, triangular, rounded distally. At the tegumen the posterior margin rounded, median not notched. Tuba analis present. Appendices lateralis very narrow band-like, terminating in two tips directed outwards. Transtilla as a narrow, horseshoe-shaped structure, wavy in the middle. Valves curved, distally with numerous setae, rounded, basally straight, with a small sclerotized lobe near base. Posterior margin with clearly protruding sacculus, there numerous setae. Clasper as a detached, inwardly curved, pointed spike. Vinculum broad trapezoidal. Phallus 1.0 mm, slightly double curved, tubular, broad at base, tapering distally. ♀ (Figs 2, 3) wingspan 35 mm, labial palpi blackish brown scaled. Antennae 7.7 mm, filiform, 45 segments, diameter distally decreasing. Dorsally short broader scales, light brown. Basal and middle segments each with a pair of ventrolateral with a pair humps with darker long, very narrow bicuspid scales. This gives the impression of sawn feelers. Frenulum with 11-12 bristles, cOlOuring like ♁, markings lesser distinct. Female genitalia (Fig. 9). At rest, total genital length 10.0 mm. Oviscapt visible, clearly protrudes beyond the abdOmen, distally with fine setae. Genital prOpped by three pairs Of apOphyses. POsteriOr apOphyses almOst reaching total genital length at 9.8 mm, anterior apophyses thickest, 5.0 mm long, third pair of apophyses 3.8 mm long. Ostium bursae arched, postvaginal plate elongated, basally narrower. Habitat. The habitat is a fruit orchard with fish ponds, bordering a landfill area. Inside the orchard the ground is covered with grasses and a row of dense shrubs is growing along the border fence. In the area of the landfill a 1 m thick layer of soil (sand with few clay) has been dumped on the former rice fields to prepare the area for construction. As a topsoil layer is missing and the sandy soil does not store much water, the vegetation in this area is rather scarce. The whole area is part of the Menam plains at an altitude of 45 m. The species came to the light on 5.iv.2022 (one specimen), 4.v.2022 (15 specimens, partly as type series) and 2.vi.2022 (3 specimens). Diagnosis. There is a certain similarity to C. reductella (Walker, 1863) described from India (“Darjiling, Sikkim ”), and also reported from East Nepal (Dierl, 1970). It was originally described monotypically in the genus Toxaliba Walker, 1863. It is the only species known to be diurnal. The wingspan of males varies between 22 and 29 mm. The wings are significantly wider than in C. pulla sp. nov. (WI 2.2 versus 2.9 in C. pulla sp. n.). According to Dierl (1970), the scapus and pedicellus of the antennae is covered with dark brown scales dorsally. The wing colour is dark brown and has a slight copper sheen, as well as violet-grey clarifications. The anal hair-tuft is yellow-grey. Foretibia with epiphysis, EPI index 0.63. The labial palps (Figs 5, 6b) are compressed and the second palpus segment in particular is short (ratio basal palpus segment: middle palpus segment: distal palpus segment corresponds to 1: 1.4: 0.6), in C. pulla sp. nov. 1: 5.6: 0.8 (measurement accOrding tO Dierl 1970). The ♁-genital (Fig. 8) differs from C. reductella by the lobes of the uncus which are only small bands and the narrower valves with a non-protruding sacculus, outwardly curved claspers and also by a simply curved phallus. The female has a wingspan of 22-33 mm. The antennae are bipectinate, with the length of the pecten corresponding to the diameter of the antennal segment (category according to Dierl 1970: 1). In C. pulla sp. nov. the pecten are indicated only by a pair of ventrolateral corners. Of the three species described from India, Compsoctena dehradunensis Pathania & Rose, 2004 (“creamish black”, 32 mm, forewings all veins free, palpi thick brownish-black) C. robinsoni Pathania & Rose, 2004 (ochreous scaled, 20 mm) and C. himachalensis Pathania & Rose, 2004 (black-brown, 23 mm). C. pulla sp. n. (26 mm.) by the coloration and wingspan of the males. Moreover, in the three Indian species, relatively narrow labial palps are shown in the illustrations of the original description, which clearly protrude beyond the heads and whose distal segments are not or only slightly angled. The 2nd segments are significantly longer than the horizontal diameters of the eyes. In C. pulla sp. n. it is significantly shorter. Compsoctena pantherina Sobczyk, 2012 from Indonesia has only nine veins from dc and the accessory cell in dc is missing. In addition, r3+r 4 in the forewing are long-stalked. In the hind wing, the median stem of C. pantherina sp. nov. undivided and in C. pantherina sp. nov. only five venes from the dc. Discussion. A first review of the subfamily Compsocteninae was done by Dierl (1970) (as new family croup name Compsoctenidae). He lined out that many of the species originally described as Tineidae within the genus Melasina Boisduval, 1840 (and meanwhile understood as Psychidae) in fact belong here. However, only part of the taxa and their type specimens were examined. A comprehensive revision is pending. So far, no differentiation has been made at the genus level. Dierl (1970) synonymized the genera of the subfamily Compsocteninae studied by him with Compsoctena: In particular Galaria Walker, 1866, Thapava Walker, 1864, Tissa Walker, 1863, Eccompsoctena Walsingham, 1897, Melasiniana Strand, 1914, Alavona Walker, 1863, Torna Walker, 1863 and Toxaliba Walker, 1863. Only the monotypic genus Eucryptogona trichobathra Lower, 1901, described from Australia, is currently accepted as another valid genus and species of the Compsocteninae. Dierl (1970) characterized Compsoctena by having ten veins from the dc of the forewing and the presence of an accessory cell. Some species, such as C. pantherina, have only nine veins, and some lack the accessory cell. Whether the genus concept is justified basis on the number of fore forewing veins and the presence of the accessory cell requires verification. Differentiation at the genus level may make sense. Differences arise furthermore in the genital structure of the males., Published as part of Sobczyk, Thomas & Breithaupt, Roland, 2023, Compsoctena pulla sp. nov. a new species of Eriocottidae, Compsocteninae from Thailand (Lepidoptera), pp. 290-294 in Zootaxa 5227 (2) on pages 291-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5227.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7518708, {"references":["Dierl, W. (1970) Compsoctenidae: Ein neues Taxon von Familienstatus. Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen, 14, 1 - 41, 2 tafeln.","Sauter, W. (1956) Morphologie und Systematik der schweizerischen Solenobia - Arten (Lep., Psychidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 63, 451 - 550, pls. 1 - 5, 1 tab. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 75469","Pathania, P. C. & Rose, H. S. (2004) First record of the genus Compsoctena Zeller (Lepidoptera: Eriocottidae) from India with three new species. Zoo's Print Journal, 19 (6), 1501 - 1504. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. ZPJ. 1056.1501 - 4","Sobczyk, T. (2012) Compsoctena pantherina sp. n. - eine neue Art der Eriocottidae aus Sudostasien (Lepidoptera). Entomofauna, 33, 173 - 180."]}

Genus Compsoctena Zeller, 1852 Compsoctena Zeller, 1852: 86. Type species: Compsoctena primella Zeller, 1852, Published as part of Sobczyk, Thomas & Breithaupt, Roland, 2023, Compsoctena pulla sp. nov. a new species of Eriocottidae, Compsocteninae from Thailand (Lepidoptera), pp. 290-294 in Zootaxa 5227 (2) on page 291, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5227.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7518708, {"references":["Zeller P. C. (1852) Lepidoptera Microptera, quae J. A. Wahlberg in Caffrorum terra collegit. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Nye Handlingar, Series 3, 40, 1 - 120."]}

Sobczyk, Thomas, Breithaupt, Roland (2023): Compsoctena pulla sp. nov. a new species of Eriocottidae, Compsocteninae from Thailand (Lepidoptera). Zootaxa 5227 (2): 290-294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5227.2.8

Icelus rastrinoides Taranetz in Schmidt, 1935 [Japanese name: Tomikajika] (Figs 1–3; Tables 1, 2) Icelus rastrinoides Taranetz in Schmidt, 1935: 416 (original description, key to the species based on unpublished data of A. Y. Taranetz; type locality: the Sea of Japan at the Cape of Cave and the Cape of Olympiad and at 45º05′N, 138º06′E; type locality based on lectotype designated herein: 45.086ºN, 138.100ºE, 230–411 m depth); Taranetz 1936: 150 (description; Sea of Japan); Matsubara 1955: 1138 (key; northern Sea of Japan); Nelson 1984: 29 (description; off Fukui, Japan); Lindberg and Krasyukova 1987: 193, fig. 119 (description, Sea of Japan); Parin et al. 2014: 255 (listed; Tatar Strait, Peter the Great Bay; northern Primorye, western Sakhalin Is., Russia); Fukuzawa et al. 2022: 6th page (comments; northern Sea of Japan). Ricuzenius toyamensis Matsubara and Iwai, 1951: 86, fig. 1 (original description; type locality: Toyama Bay, Japan); Matsubara 1955: 1136 (key; Toyama Bay, Japan); Watanabe 1960: 22, pl. XVIII, fig. 1 (description; Toyama Bay and Yamagata, Japan); Lindberg and Krasyukova 1987: 186, fig. 114 [description and figure after Watanabe (1960); Toyama Bay and Yamagata, Japan]. Icelus toyamensis: Nakabo 1993: 553, 1301, unnumbered fig. (new combination, key; Niigata southward to Ishikawa, Japan); Nakabo and Kai 2013: 1167, 2062, unnumbered fig. (key; Yamagata southward to Ishikawa, Japan); Fukuzawa et al. 2022: 6 th page, fig. 4a–c (comparative materials; Yamagata southward to Fukui, Japan, and South Korea). Lectotype (designated here). ZIN 21445, 90.9 mm SL, female, off Primorsky Krai, 45.086ºN, 138.100ºE, 230–411 m depth, coll. F. Derbek. Paralectotypes. ZIN 56890 – 56891, 66.1–80.3 mm SL, 1 male and 1 female, same data as lectotype. Other materials. Data of asterisked specimens from Fukuzawa et al. (2022). Toyama Bay, Japan: FAKU 13565, 72.6 mm SL, 1 male, off Uozu, Toyama, ca. 230 m depth; FAKU 14450 *, 130.0 mm SL, 1 female, holotype of Ricuzenius toyamensis, off Uozu, Toyama, ca. 230 m depth, coll. T. Iwai and H. Kinoshita, 15 October 1950; FAKU 14451 *, 14452 *, 14454, 145455 – 14457 *, 102.5–120.3 mm SL, 3 males and 3 females, paratypes of Ricuzenius toyamensis, same data as holotype; FAKU 14780 – 14782 *, 14784 *, 14785 *, 15418 *, 15419 *, 15421 – 15423 *, 15425 *, 70.4– 121.3 mm SL, 8 males and 3 females, off Uozu, Toyama. West of Noto Peninsula, Japan: FAKU 99204, 76.0 mm SL, 1 female, 37.771ºN, 136.394ºE, 240 m depth, 17 June 2011; FAKU 132575 – 132580 *, 58.3–66.3 mm SL, 2 males and 4 females, 37.429ºN, 136.206ºE, 250 m depth, 16 June 2010; FAKU 145613 – 145615 *, 57.8–97.9 mm SL, 2 males and 1 female, 37.295ºN, 136.170ºE, 331 m depth, 22 June 2016; FAKU 147906 *, 94.8 mm SL, 1 female, 37.406ºN, 136.321ºE, 251 m depth, 18 June 2020; ZUMT 32015 *, 84.1 mm SL, 1 male, ZUMT 32022 *, 84.9 mm SL, 1 male, ZUMT 32025 *, 83.4 mm SL, 1 female, off Fukui, no further data. Off Niigata to Yamagata, Japan: FAKU 134922, 101.9 mm SL, 1 female, no further data; FAKU 140280 – 140282, 142243, 142244, 143214, 143215, 79.6–93.8 mm SL, 4 males and 3 females, 38.573ºN, 138.412ºE, 310 m depth, 23 July 2015; FAKU 142239, 83.5 mm SL, 1 female, 38.616ºN, 138.409ºE, 287 m depth, 23 July 2015; FAKU 145632, 2 males and 2 females, 71.7–83.5 mm SL, 38.584ºN, 138.409ºE, 311 m depth, 10 July 2016; FAKU 145680 – 145682, 145684, 145685, 65.1– 101.9 mm SL, 2 males and 3 females, 38.619ºN, 138.413ºE, 291 m depth, 9 July 2016; FAKU 147842 – 147849 *, 147850, 68.1–84.0 mm SL, 3 males and 6 females, 39.147ºN, 138.786ºE, 345 m depth, 27 July 2020. West of Hokkaido, Japan: FAKU 200875 – 200879, 83.4–98.0 mm SL, 2 males and 3 females, 45.001ºN, 140.439ºE, 256 m depth, 20 May 2013; FAKU 201202 – 201208, 201210, 64.6–71.5 mm SL, 2 males and 6 females, 44.835ºN, 140.517ºE, 224 m depth, 19 May 2013. East of Korean Peninsula: FAKU 149086, 85.0– 97.4 mm SL, 1 male and 3 females, 37.283ºN, 132.250ºE, 240 m depth; NIBR-P 16324 *, 90.4 mm SL, 1 male, off Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea; NIBR-P 4791 *, 1 male and 1 female, 79.2 and 117.5 mm SL, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsanbukdo, Korea. Diagnosis. A species of Icelus with the following combination of characters: supraocular and parietal spines absent; nuchal spine blunt, indistinct, covered with skin; uppermost preopercular spine unbranched; mid-sized scales scattered (not in rows) above and below lateral line; belly naked; minute ctenoid scales on upper part of maxillary; lateral line scales large, tubular, bearing spinules on dorsal and posterior margins; lower jaw slightly protruding anteriorly; spines of first dorsal fin 8 or 9; rays of second dorsal fin 18–22; anal-fin rays 16–20; pectoral-fin rays 17–20. Description. Counts and measurements shown in Table 1. Data for lectotype presented first, followed by data of other materials in parentheses (if different). Body subcylindrical anteriorly and slightly compressed posteriorly; dorsal profile rounded below first dorsal fin, gradually sloping posteriorly (Fig. 1). Head robust, slightly depressed. Eye large, upper margin just below dorsal contour. Interorbital space almost flat or weakly depressed. Occipital region concave, rounded, without knob or ridge. Nasal spine short, sharp, directed posterodorsally. Anterior nostril with short tube level with lower margin of pupil; posterior nostril narrow, on anterior margin of orbit. Nuchal spine indistinct (indistinct or forming a blunt ridge), directed posterodorsally. Supraocular and parietal spines absent. Suborbital stay bearing a minute spine posteriorly or a blunt ridge. Maxilla extending to below posterior margin of pupil; lower jaw slightly protruding anteriorly. Small conical teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines, forming a narrow band. Four sharp unbranched preopercular spines; uppermost spine directed posterodorsally, second posteriorly, third and lowermost ventrally. Supraocular cirrus present in both sexes; parietal and nuchal cirri absent (present or absent). Branchiostegal membranes broadly united, forming a fold over isthmus. Gill rakers on first gill-arch short, round, covered with minute prickles; no rakers in angle between ceratobranchial and epibranchial. * Damaged in one specimen. Snout, interorbital space, opercle, and dorsolateral surface of head from suborbital stay covered with small scales with serrated margins. Minute ctenoid scales on upper portions of eye and maxillary. Ventral surface of head naked. Scales on lateral line large, tubular, bearing spinules on dorsal and posterior margins; lateral line scales extending past posterior edge of hypural plate. Mid-sized scales with spinules scatted above and below lateral line, not arranged in distinct rows on trunk, posteriorly forming a single indistinct row (1–3 indistinct rows) on caudal peduncle above and below lateral line; small scales scattered dorsally (Fig. 2A–C). Bases of first and second dorsal fins naked. Pectoral axilla with mid-sized scales (not in distinct rows) (Fig. 2D–F). Chin and belly without scales. First dorsal fin originating above dorsal edge of gill slit; tips slightly protruding; first dorsal proximal pterygiophore bearing first and second spines. First and second dorsal fins separated by short interspace. Second dorsal fin of similar height to first dorsal fin; tips free from membranes; rays unbranched. Anal fin originating slightly posterior to level of second dorsal-fin origin; rays unbranched. Caudal fin truncate. Pectoral fin large, upper half shallowly emarginate, 11th (11th or 12th) rays longest, extending beyond anal-fin origin; all rays unbranched. Pelvic fin with one spine and three rays, spine and outermost ray closely united; below first dorsal-fin origin. Male urogenital papilla distinct, cylindrical with large curved terminal appendage, located below posterior half of first dorsal fin. Cephalic sensory system (based on FAKU 14450 and other non-type materials, Fig. 3). Supraorbital canal with anterior and posterior nasal pores (NA and NP), cluster of supplementary pores posteriorly NA; supraorbital pores SO1–5 present, SO5 forming a cluster of small pores; anterior and posterior coronal pores (CA and CP) present. Infraorbital canal with eight pores (IOP1–8); IOP1–2 large and oval, IOP 7–8 somewhat small, of similar size to supplementary pores along margins of infraorbital canal. Postorbital canal with four pores (T1–4); T1 without distinct canaliculus, T3 and T4 with long canaliculus. Occipital canal with anterior and posterior medial pores (OCA and OCP), and posterior lateral central pore (OCLP); anterior and posterior lateral pores (OLA and OLP), and anterior lateral central pore (OCLA) present or absent. Preoperculo-mandibular canal with ten pores (PM1–10); PM1 on right and left sides separated. Coloration when fresh (based on FAKU 99204, Fig. 1E). Head and body brown or yellowish-brown, lightening ventrally; body scales whitish, forming mottled markings. Anterior half of jaws black; indistinct black blotches below eye; two faint dark brown saddles below second dorsal fin; caudal peduncle dark brown. Nostril tube brown; head cirri dark brown. First and second dorsal fins light brown with indistinct oblique dark brown bands; anal fin brown, distal part darker in males; caudal fin with faint pale brown vertical stripes; pectoral fin pale basally, a black blotch on base; pelvic fin whitish. Coloration in alcohol (Fig. 1A–D). Head and body uni-formly brown, becoming somewhat lighter ventrally (two faint dark brown saddles below second dorsal fin). Anterior half of jaws dark brown; indistinct black blotches below eye; caudal peduncle somewhat darker. Nostril tube brown; head cirri brown or light brown. First and second dorsal fins light brown with indistinct oblique dark brown bands; anal fin brown, distal part darker in males; caudal fin with faint pale brown vertical stripes; pectoral fin pale basally, a dark blotch on its base; pelvic fin light brown. Distribution. Known from the Sea of Japan, west of the Noto Peninsula northward to west of Hokkaido, Japan, and east of the Korean Peninsula northward to Primorsky Krai (Fukuzawa et al. 2022; this study). Geographic variations. Icelus rastrinoides exhibits extensive geographic variations in dorsal- and anal-fin ray counts (Table 2). The specimens from the northern Sea of Japan off Primorsky Krai and Hokkaido, and east of the Korean Peninsula (Areas A–C in Fig. 4) had somewhat higher counts than those from the Sea of Japan coast of Honshu Is., Japan (Areas D–F in Fig. 4). Dorsal-fin ray counts differed significantly between the specimens from Areas B and E, C and D, and C and E, with those of the anal-fin rays being likewise between the specimens from Areas B and D, B and E, C and D, C and E (P P = 0.05). However, counts of pectoral-fin rays and pored lateral line scales did not differ statistically among the above geographic areas (P > 0.01)., Published as part of Kai, Yoshiaki, Nazarkin, Mikhail, Fukuzawa, Hayato, Yagi, Yuta, Sakuma, Kay, Fujiwara, Kunihiro & Hamatsu, Tomonori, 2023, Redescription of Icelus rastrinoides Taranetz in Schmidt, 1935, a Senior Synonym of Ricuzenius toyamensis Matsubara and Iwai, 1951, with Notes on Geographic Variations (Teleostei: Cottidae), pp. 15-22 in Species Diversity 28 (1) on pages 16-19, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.28.15, http://zenodo.org/record/7522772, {"references":["Schmidt, P. Yu. 1935. On the genus Icelus Kroyer (Cottidae). Bulletin de l'Academie des Sciences de l'U. R. S. S., Classe des Sciences Mathematiques et Naturelles (Ser. 7) 1935: 413 - 418. [In Russian, English Summary]","Taranetz, A. Ya. 1936. Description of three new species of the genus Icelus Kroyer (Pisces, Cottidae) from the Sea of Japan and from Okhotsk Sea. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Ser. A 4: 149 - 152.","Matsubara, K. 1955. Fish Morphology and Hierarchy. Ishizaki-Shoten, Tokyo, 1605 pp., 135 pls. [In Japanese]","Nelson, D. W. 1984. Systematics and distribution of cottid fishes of the genera Rastrinus and Icelus. Occasional Papers California Academy of Sciences 138: 1 - 58.","Lindberg, G. U. and Krasyukova, Z. V. 1987. Fishes of the Sea of Japan and adjacent parts of Okhotsk and Yellow Sea. Part 5. Nauka, Leningrad, 526 pp. [In Russian]","Parin, N. V., Evseenko, S. A., and Vasil'eva, E. D. 2014. Fishes of Russian Seas: Annotated Catalogue. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 733 pp.","Fukuzawa, H., Mori, T., Matsuzaki, K., and Kai, Y. 2022. Icelus hypselopterus, a new cottid from the southern Sea of Okhotsk. Ichthyological Research doi 10.1007 / s 10228 - 021 - 00855 - w (10 January 2022).","Matsubara, K. and Iwai, T. 1951. A new cottid fish found in Toyama Bay. Miscellaneous Reports of the Research Institute for Natural Resources 19 - 21: 86 - 93.","Watanabe, M. 1960. Fauna Japonica: Cottidae (Pisces). Biogeographical Society of Japan, Tokyo, vii + 218 pp., 40 pls.","Nakabo, T. 1993. Cottidae. Pp. 548 - 567, 1300 - 1303. In: Nakabo, T. (Ed.) Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species, First Edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. [In Japanese]","Nakabo, T. and Kai, Y. 2013. Cottidae. Pp. 1160 - 1188, 2061 - 2067. In: Nakabo, T. (Ed.) Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species, Third Edition. Tokai University Press, Hadano. [In Japanese]"]}

Two datasets belonging to the paper "Population recovery and occurrence of the endemic Rhine sculpin (Cottus rhenanus)" published in Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, are provided here. Since little was known about the occurrence, densities and habitat use of C. rhenanus, this study was conducted. The study area was located in the River Geul and tributaries, in the south of the Netherlands. The first dataset "WFD 2005-2010-2015 fish data.csv" contains data of fish in transects sampled as part of ecological status assessments of water systems according to the EU Water Framework Directive. Average 300-metre transects in upstream direction in one run using handheld backpack electrofishing equipment. The second dataset "Habitat characterization Cottus rhenanus 2014.csv" contains data of the Rhine sculpin (and other encountered fish species) in relation to its habitat. The data were collected in the same way as described above. In addition, we estimated the relative abundance of each sediment type (bed substratum) per transect, which yielded the ordinal categories: 0%, 200 mm). Furthermore, we estimated the percentage area of large structures (e.g., woody debris) and riffles. Finally, we measured stream width (m) and depth (cm). This was done by recording width with a tape measure and depth with a measuring rod at five (beginning, middle, end and two representatives in between) locations in a transect. The mean values were recorded as stream width and depth. The included coordinates refer to the start and end of a transect. The coordinate system used here concerns Amersfoort RD (EPSG: 28992). Abstract The Rhine sculpin (Cottus rhenanus) is a benthic rheophilic fish species that is endemic to tributaries of the rivers Rhine and Meuse in North-western Europe. Little is known about its occurrence and individuals density in relation to habitat characteristics. A core population of C. rhenanus occurs in the River Geul in the Netherlands. Since the late 19th century, this river was heavily polluted by communal and industrial wastewater, causing a strong population decline. As the core population of C. rhenanus is recovering, the status, distribution, and habitat use should be studied to facilitate recovery in other locations. Cottus rhenanus density of individuals significantly increased over the period 2005-2015 and it became one of the most abundant fish species in assemblages. Negative relationships were observed between C. rhenanus densities and a high abundance of boulders (> 200 mm), large structures such as woody debris, and water depth. The population increase and recolonization of C. rhenanus coincided with water quality improvement, which suggests that this fish species can be used to assess small streams ecosystem integrity. The recent range expansion of the Ponto-Caspian round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) poses a high risk of negative effects on C. rhenanus populations via food and shelter competition. Further water quality improvement, habitat conservation, and prevention of the spread of invasive gobies could favour C. rhenanus populations within their natural range.

Kai, Yoshiaki, Nazarkin, Mikhail, Fukuzawa, Hayato, Yagi, Yuta, Sakuma, Kay, Fujiwara, Kunihiro, Hamatsu, Tomonori (2023): Redescription of Icelus rastrinoides Taranetz in Schmidt, 1935, a Senior Synonym of Ricuzenius toyamensis Matsubara and Iwai, 1951, with Notes on Geographic Variations (Teleostei: Cottidae). Species Diversity 28 (1): 15-22, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.28.15, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.28.15

We conducted SCUBA-based surveys of the larval and juvenile fish fauna in reef and seaweed areas in the inshore region of Usujiri, Hakodate, along the Pacific coast of southern Hokkaido, Japan, from 2019 to 2020. A total of 100 species in 10 orders and 44 families were identified based on morphological observations and DNA barcoding analyses of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Of these species, two specimens of the labrid, Pseudolabrus sieboldi Mabuchi and Nakabo, 1997, one specimen of the cottid, Cottus hangiongensis Mori, 1930, two specimens of the blennid, Petroscirtes breviceps (Valenciennes, 1836), and one specimen of the gobiid, Pterogobius zacalles Jordan and Snyder, 1901, represent the first records of these four species in the study area. In addition, three specimens of the Stichaeid, Lumpenopsis pavlenkoi Soldatov, 1916, represent the first records captured during juvenile stages of this species, and one specimen of the pleuronectid, Lepidopsetta mochigarei (Snyder, 1911) represent the first juvenile captured in Usujiri of these species. The fish list is also added in this report.

Rapids habitats are critical spawning and nursery grounds for multiple Laurentian Great Lakes fishes of ecological importance such as lake sturgeon, walleye, and salmonids. However, river modifications have destroyed important rapids habitat in connecting channels by modifying flow profiles and removing large quantities of cobble and gravel that are preferred spawning substrates of several fish species. The conversion of rapids habitat to slow moving waters has altered fish assemblages and decreased the spawning success of lithophilic species. The St. Marys River is a Great Lakes connecting channel in which the majority of rapids habitat has been lost. However, rapids habitat was restored at the Little Rapids in 2016 to recover important spawning habitat in this river. During the restoration, flow and substrate were recovered to rapids habitat. We sampled the fish community (pre- and post-restoration), focusing on age-0 fishes in order to characterize the response of the fish assemblage to the restoration, particularly for species of importance (e.g. lake whitefish, walleye, Atlantic salmon). Following restoration, we observed a 40% increase in age-0 fish catch per unit effort, increased presence of rare species, and a shift in assemblage structure of age-0 fishes (higher relative abundance of Salmonidae, Cottidae, and Gasterosteidae). We also observed a “transition” period in 2017, in which the assemblage was markedly different from the pre- and post-restoration assemblages and was dominated by Catostomidae. Responses from target species were mixed, with increased Atlantic salmon abundance, first documented presence of walleye and no presence of lake sturgeon or Coregoninae.

A molecular genetic and karyological study of the frog sculpin Myoxocephalus stelleri Tilesius, 1811 was carried out on an extensive sample from a large area of the species’ range. A total of 42 specimens was sampled from the Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, and coastal waters off the southern Kuril Islands, which makes this sampling scheme the most comprehensive to date. The level of mtDNA polymorphism was found to be low. The haplotypes of the species formed three phylogenetic groups. The unique M. stelleri haplotype from the coast of Shikotan Island linked all the studied groups, indicating that it is likely ancestral. Robertsonian polymorphism was identified in the species. In all five cytotypes (I – 2n = 44, II – 2n = 43, III – 2n = 42, IV – 2n = 41, V – 2n = 40; NF = 44+2) were identified, all of which were present in the Sea of Japan. Only one (cytotype I) was found in the Sea of Okhotsk, which is probably the closest to the ancestral karyotype. The significant chromosomal polymorphism and the presence of common haplotypes in the studied samples indicate their recent origin from a common ancestor and/or relatively recent contacts within the range. The discrepancies between mtDNA and karyotypes in assigning the ancestral M. stelleri to the coastal waters off Shikotan Island (southern Kuril Islands) and the Sea of Okhotsk, respectively, can be explained by the different inheritance mechanisms and the rates of evolution of molecular genetic and karyological traits.

Cottus cyclophthalmus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B28C4DA1-772B-47FD-9CF3-39EA5BD7ED93 Figs 2–3; Table 1 Cottus gobio – Zograf 1907: 17. Cottus gobio – Zhukov 1958: 156. Cottus gobio – Alekseev & Probatov 1969: 7. Diagnosis C ottus cyclophtalmus sp. nov. has round, protruding (tubular) eyes near front of head; dermal papillae present on top and sides of head, body naked, bony prickles absent; full trunk canal with 32–36 pores. Etymology The name of the new species is derived from the Latin word for ‘round-eyed’ and is associated with the round and convex shape of eyes. Type material Holotype RUSSIA • ♂, SL 83.3 mm, TL 99.0 mm; Krasnaya River, near Tokarevka village, Kaliningrad Region; 54°24′59.4″ N 22°23′50.4″ E; 31 Aug. 2019; ZIN 56687. Paratypes RUSSIA • 8 specimens, SL 81.0- 48.7 mm; same collection data as for holotype; ZIN 56688. Non-type specimens LITHUANIA • 26 specimens, SL 56.9–72.1 mm; Žeimena River, tributary of the Neris River, Nemunas / Neman River Basin; 54º58′01.4″ N, 25º44′11.1″ E; Sep. 2019; ZIN 56689 • 24 specimens, SL 51.4– 74.1 mm; Neris River, tributary of the Nemunas/Neman River; 54º50′06.4″ N, 25º22′31.5″ E; Sep. 2019; ZIN 56690 • 22 specimens, SL 56.1–69.7 mm; Siesartis River, Nemunas/Neman River Basin; 55º17′23.8″ N, 24º53′02.7″ E; Sep. 2019; ZIN 56691 • 16 specimens, SL 48.8–79.2 mm; Šerkšnė River, tributary of the Venta River; 56º19′35.2″ N, 22º12′47.7″ E; Sep. 2019; ZIN 56692. Description Body shortened, its average maximum depth at origin of first dorsal fin four times SL. Body massive, preanal distance more than half SL. Caudal peduncle short, its length 14–17% SL (14.9% in holotype), average height of caudal peduncle half its length (Table 1). Trunk naked, bony prickles (modified scales) absent. Head large with smooth dorsal profile from head to back, its length more than 30% SL in type specimens (33% in holotype). Dermal papillae numerous on top and sides of head, sometimes in form of circles. Postorbital length large, always more than half head length (53% HL in holotype). Snout short, more than half postorbital length (59.4% in holotype). Anterior nostrils small, tubular, highly pigmented; posterior nostrils in form of short tubes. Mouth small, terminal; upper jaw does not reach vertical line of anterior edge of eye. Teeth on jaws and vomer small, numerous, of same shape and size. Upper lip thick, fleshy, twice thicker than lower lip. Eye round and protruding, near to front of head, average eye diameter 7.3% SL (7.4% SL or 22.4% HL in holotype). Interorbital space narrow, on average 1.5 times less than eye diameter. Preoperculum with three spines; upper spine sharp, directed backwards and slightly curved inward. Second and third spines small, in form of tubercles hidden under the skin. Interbranchial length large, on average 1.5 times less than length of gill slit (16.6% in holotype). Two dorsal fins follow each other without gap. First dorsal fin low, length of its longest rays 1.5 times as long as rays of second dorsal fin. Narrow light border along edge of first dorsal fin. Second dorsal fin long, its base 2.5 times as long as base of first dorsal fin. Origin of anal fin at short distance (3% SL) from anus, on vertical line of second ray of second dorsal fin; length of longest rays in anal fin 1.2 times that in second dorsal fin. Pectoral fin short, reaching vertical of first ray of second dorsal fin. Pelvic fin long (20% SL), not reaching anus. Axial skeleton: total number of vertebrae counts 31–32: 10–11 abdominal and 21–22 caudal (11 + 21 = 32 in holotype). The first vertebra with fully developed neural spine. The posteriormost abdominal vertebrae (from 8 th –9 th to 10 th –11 th) are carrying two or three pairs of pleural ribs (three in holotype). The first proximal pterygiophore of the dorsal series is placed between first and second vertebrae. It supports first dorsal fin spine which is in supernumerary position (morphotype A according to Yabe 1985). One interdorsal pterygiophore is placed between first and second dorsal fin. The last proximal pterygiophore of dorsal series supports one or two rays (one in holotype). The last pterygiophore of anal fin supports one or two fin rays (two in holotype). The caudal skeleton is composed of single hypural-parhypural complex bone and three epurals. The complex bone has deep notch posteromedially and supports principal caudal-fin rays. Medial principal rays of caudal fin are branched. Number of rays in fins: first dorsal fin with six to eight spines (seven in holotype); second dorsal fin with 16 to 19 rays (17 in holotype); anal fin with 12 to 15 rays (13 in holotype); pectoral fin with 12 to 15 rays (14 in holotype); four rays in pelvic fin; caudal fin with 12 principal rays (eight branched and four unbranched). Lateral line of Cottus cyclophthalmus is typical of the genus Cottus. All sensory canals (with exception of preopercular-mandibular canal) are interconnected and form a unified system. Three small pores are in supraorbital canal, they located in anterior part of canal, up to coronal commissure. It connects left and right supraorbital canals to each other. One small pore is in center of coronal commissure. The infraorbital sensory canal opens outward with nine pores, of which second and third pores are large slit-like. The temporal canal and occipital commissure each have three pores. The preopercular-mandibular sensory canal opens with 10 pores. The canals of left and right sides are interconnected, and on chin they open with common oval pore. The trunk canal is full (reaches the base of the caudal fin), located closer to dorsal part of body and opens with 31–34 small pores. Coloration: the upper part of the body is dark to the medial line. Below, there are numerous small spots formed by clusters of melanophores. The upper part of the head, including the upper lip, is dark, the radii branchiostegii are light. The ventral side of head and body are light. The dorsal fins variegated and have dark transverse stripes. A narrow light border is at the edge of the first dorsal fin. Weakly expressed dark spots and stripes are present at origin of pectoral and caudal fins. The external parts of the pectoral, anal and pelvic fins are light, not pigmented. Distribution Cottus cyclophthalmus sp. nov. is distributed in the rivers Krasnaya, Neris, Žeimena and Sesartis (Neman/Nemunas River system) and Šerkšnė River (Venta River system), Baltic Sea Basin (Fig. 1). Variation of morphometric features and numbers of rays in Cottus cyclophthalmus sp. nov. For a comparative analysis of morphometric characters of type and non-type specimens of Cottus cyclophthalmus sp. nov. from the rivers Krasnaya, Neris, Šerkšnė, Siesartis and Žeimena, PCA was used (Fig. 4). The variability of 26 external features was analyzed. (Table 2). The principal component analysis revealed a variability of initial data. This data is represented in a scatter plot with uncorrelated second and third principal components. Each component reflects a proportion of a variability of variance-covariance matrix of features. The conducted analysis showed that the first principal component describes 84.6% of total variability of measurements in five studied samples of sculpins. The first component is characterized by close positive values of factor loadings (from 0.758 to 0.982, or 0.918 on average). All other 25 components describe 15.4% of total variability. Figure 4 shows morphospaces of studied samples in the space of second and third components. The morphospaces of samples of C. cyclophthalmus overlap significantly. There are no discrete geographic groupings. This indicates that the five studied samples are not differentiated by morphometric characters and belong to the same species C. cyclophthalmus. Data on variation in number of rays in dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins in five samples of Cottus cyclophthalmus sp. nov. are presented in Table 3. A comparison of presented data shows that sculpins from different localities have a similar degree of variation in the number of rays in fins. The differences in number of rays in each fin ranged from 2 to 4 values. In the first dorsal fin in the type specimens from Krasnaya River, the number of rays varied only within two ranges (six to seven rays). In non-type individuals from tributaries of the Nemunas/Neman and Venta rivers, the number of rays varied from six to eight. In all samples (except for sculpins from Šerkšnė River), fish with seven rays in the first dorsal fin dominated (76–94% of all specimens). The number of rays in the second dorsal fin ranged from 16 to 19. Type specimens from Krasnaya River had the smallest (16–17) number of rays in the second dorsal fin. The difference between the samples lies in modal values, with the majority of studied fish (69.5%) having 17–18 rays in the second dorsal fin. In the anal fin, the number of rays varied from 12 to 16. Type specimens of Cottus cyclophthalmus had 13–14 rays in anal fin. The same number of rays dominated in 94% of the studied fish. In the pectoral fin, the number of rays varies from 12 to 15. Fish with a modal number of 14 rays dominated in all samples. Thus, in all five samples of C. cyclophthalmus sp. nov., the number of rays in two dorsal, the anal and pectoral fins had a similar level of variation. The differences in number of rays in sculpins from different localities were in modal values. This level of variability corresponds to differences between individual populations of C. cyclophthalmus. Variation in mitochondrial DNA sequences To identify intraspecific genetic diversity of C. cyclophthalmus sp. nov., we studied nucleotide sequences (858 bp) of mtDNA control region. Table 4 contains the data on haplotypes found in samples of C. cyclophthalmus from four rivers (Krasnaya, Žeimena, Siesartis, and Šerkšnė). Nine haplotypes were identified (CCY1–CCY9). The most common haplotype was CCY6 (52% of specimens of the new species). It was found in sculpins from each of the studied rivers. The sample of a new species from the Šerkšnė River was characterized by the greatest haplotype diversity (6 unique haplotypes). The number of detected polymorphic sites (S) was seven. The nucleotide diversity of mtDNA control region among individuals of C. cyclophthalmus had a low value (π = 0.00139 ± 0.00024). The haplotype diversity (Hd) was high (0.718 ± 0.080). The average number of nucleotide differences was 1.196. All data indicate a low level of genetic differentiation between the studied specimens. This is the evidence that all individuals belong to species C. cyclophthalmus., Published as part of Sideleva, Valentina, Kesminas, Vytautas & Zhidkov, Zakhar, 2022, A new species of the genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae) from the Baltic Sea Basin and its phylogenetic placement, pp. 38-57 in European Journal of Taxonomy 834 on pages 43-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1897, http://zenodo.org/record/6980935, {"references":["Zograf Y. N. 1907. Preliminary Report on the Trip with Ichthyological Purpose to Sventsyanskiy, Vilenskiy and Trokskiy Districts of Vil'na Province and Grodno District of Grodno Province in 1904. Proceedings of Department of Ichthyology of Imperial Russian Society for Acclimatization of Animals and Plants 5, Moscow. [In Russian.]","Zhukov P. I. 1958. Fishes of the Neman River basin (within Belorussian SSR). Belgosizdat, Minsk. [In Russian.]","Alekseev N. I. & Probatov A. N. 1969. Zoogeographic essay of freshwater ichthyofauna of Kaliningrad region area. Proceedings Kaliningrad Technical Institute of Fishing Industry and Economy 24: 7 - 16. [In Russian.]","Yabe M. 1985. Comparative osteology and myology of the superfamily Cottoidea (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes), and its phylogenetic classification. Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University 32 (1): 1 - 130."]}

The genus Cottus contains more than 60 species that are common in freshwater bodies of northern Eurasia and North America. Despite the abundance of species, this genus has been insufficiently studied in Eastern European rivers and lakes. The new taxon Cottus cyclophthalmus sp. nov. was found in the Neman/Nemunas and Venta river systems (Baltic Sea Basin). Cottus cyclophthalmus is sister and most morphologically similar to Cottus gobio. The new species has the following diagnostic characters: round, protruding (tubular) eyes near front of head; dermal papillae on top and sides of head, naked body, absence of bony prickles, full trunk canal with 32–36 pores. The description of Cottus cyclophthalmus and a new finding of Cottus microstomus improved understanding of the Eastern European biodiversity.

Cottus gulosus gulosus (Girard 1854), San Joaquin Riffle Sculpin, nominate subspecies Description is the same as for the C. gulosus (Fig. 1) Holotype: USNM 291. Same as for C. gulosus, above. Paratype: None designated Diagnosis: Distinguished from other members of the C. gulosus complex as a distinct lineage as determined by genomic studies (Baumsteiger et al. 2014, this study) and by its limited geographic distribution (Fig. 3). See species description for distinguishing it from co-occurring C. asper. Distribution. These California endemic sculpins are found in cold-water riffles, in headwaters or below dams with cold water releases into rivers in the southern Sierra Nevada on the eastern side of the Central Valley, except for the American River (which flows directly into the Sacramento River), the rivers that contain now-isolated populations all flow into the southern Central Valley, especially the San Joaquin River. Rivers with populations include the Mokelumne, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, Merced, Fresno, San Joaquin, Kings, and Kern rivers. Etymology. See C. gulosus, Published as part of Moyle, Peter B. & Campbell, Matthew A., 2022, Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA, pp. 501-527 in Zootaxa 5154 (5) on page 517, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6655473, {"references":["Girard, C. (1854) Descriptions of new fishes collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann, naturalist attached to the survey of the Pacific railroad route, under Lieut. R. S. Williamson, U. S. A. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7, 129 - 165.","Baumsteiger, J., Kinziger, A. P., Reid., S. B. & Aguilar, A. (2014) Complex phylogeography and historical hybridization between sister taxa of freshwater sculpin (Cottus). Molecular Ecology, 23, 2602 - 2618. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 12758"]}

Cottus ohlone pomo Moyle and Campbell 2022. Pomo Riffle Sculpin, new subspecies Description as for C. gulosus. Meristics of sculpins used in this study (Table 1, n = 21): anal-fin rays (12–14), dorsal spines (6–8), dorsal rays (15–19), dorsal fins joined? (variable), black spot on dorsal (yes), palatine teeth present (no), maxilla reaches eye (variable), chin pores (1–2), pelvic fins spines + rays (1+3), pelvic fins do not touch vent, pectoral -in rays (14–16), preopercular spines (2), lateral line complete, lateral line pores 27–35. Other characters are listed in Table 1. Holotype. WFB 3396 90 mm SL, 105 mm TL from Pieta Creek, upstream of mouth on Russian River, Mendocino County, California, N 38.925278 W 123.054500. Collected by J. Baumsteiger and P. Moyle, August 2, 2017. 90 mm SL, 105 mm TL. Anal-fin rays 13; dorsal-fin spines 8; dorsal-fin rays 17; dorsal fins not joined; dorsal fin spot present; palatine teeth absent; maxilla reaches middle of eye; chin pores 2; pelvic fins 1 spine, 3 rays; pelvic fins do not touch vent; pectora1-fin rays 14; preopercular spines 1; lateral line incomplete; lateral line pores 31; axillary prickles present. Paratypes. WFB 3397, 3398, 3399, 3400 from same location. 71–81 mm SL, 91–105 mm TL. Anal fin rays 13; dorsal fin spines 8; dorsal fin rays 17; dorsal fins not joined; dorsal fin spot variable in presence; palatine teeth absent; maxilla reaches middle of eye; 2 chin pores; pelvic fins 1 spine, 3 rays; pelvic fins do not touch vent; pectora1 fin rays 14–15; preopercular spines 1; lateral line completeness variable; lateral line pores, 25–30; axillary prickles present. Diagnosis. Distinguished from other members of the C. gulosus complex as a distinct lineage as determined by genomics and by its distinctive distribution (Fig. 1). Distribution. Present in the upper portions of the Russian River, above the mouth of Mark West Creek, including the East Fork, as well as in tributaries to northern San Francisco Bay, including the Napa River, Petaluma River, Sonoma Creek, and smaller tributaries (Fig. 3). These streams had connections in the past to the Russian River, via the shifting headwaters of Sonoma Creek. Etymology: Ohlone honors the Ohlone people, as discussed in the names section for C. o. ohlone (see http:// www.muwekma.org/). Pomo honors the diverse native peoples who were once the principal human inhabitants of the Russian River region, which contains streams that are important habitat for Pomo Riffle Sculpin., Published as part of Moyle, Peter B. & Campbell, Matthew A., 2022, Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA, pp. 501-527 in Zootaxa 5154 (5) on page 519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6655473

Cottus gulosus wintu Moyle and Campbell 2022. Sacramento Riffle Sculpin, new subspecies. Description as for C. gulosus (Table 1, Fig. 1). Characteristics of C. g. wintu used in this study (n=15) are as follows: anal fin rays (12–15), dorsal spines (7–10), dorsal rays (14–19), dorsal fins joined? (variable), black spot on dorsal (yes), palatine teeth present (variable), mouth vs eye (variable but maxilla mostly reaches mid-eye), chin pores (0–2), pelvic fins spines + rays (1+3), pelvics fins mostly do not touch vent, pectoral fin rays (14–16), preopercular spines (1–2), lateral line variable, lateral line pores (26–38). Other characters are listed in Table 1. Holotype. WFB 3424. 78 mm SL, 96 mm TL. Fig. 1. North Fork Feather River, Butte County, California. Coll. Jason Baumsteiger, Oct. 5, 2017. Anal-fin rays 13; dorsal-fin spines 8; dorsal-fin rays 17; dorsal fins joined; dorsal fin spot present; palatine teeth absent; maxilla reaches middle of eye; 1 chin pore; pelvic fins 1 spine, 3 rays; pelvics do not touch vent; pectora1 fin rays 14; preopercular spines 1; lateral line complete; lateral line pores, 35; axillary prickles present. Paratypes (4). WFB 3425–3428. 78–89 mm SL, 96–108 TL. Anal-fin rays 13; dorsal spines 8; dorsal-fin rays 17–18; dorsal fins joined; dorsal fin spot present on 3; palatine teeth absent; maxilla reaches middle of eye; 1–2 chin pores; pelvic fins 1 spine, 3 rays; pelvics do not touch vent; pectora1 fin rays 15; preopercular spines 1; lateral line complete; lateral line pores, 36–41; axillary prickles present. Distribution. Found in the Sacramento River watershed (northern Central Valley), from the American River (and tributaries) north to Shasta Dam. Above Shasta Reservoir, it occurs primarily in the upper Sacramento River and its tributaries (Baumsteiger et al. 2014). Other tributaries to Shasta Reservoir (e.g. McCloud River, Squaw Valley Creek) support C. pitensis, while the reservoir itself supports C. asper (Prickly Sculpin). It inhabits cool-water permanent tributaries and rivers and rivers below dams, where reservoir releases provide cool water (generally less than 24°C). Etymology. The species name honors the Wintu people who were the region’s original inhabitants, with their lands encompassing many of the streams and rivers where this subspecies lives. The Winnemem Wintu (The Middle Water People) still live in the area and are working to restore salmon runs and to protect sacred rivers and sites in the region., Published as part of Moyle, Peter B. & Campbell, Matthew A., 2022, Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA, pp. 501-527 in Zootaxa 5154 (5) on page 517, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6655473, {"references":["Baumsteiger, J., Kinziger, A. P., Reid., S. B. & Aguilar, A. (2014) Complex phylogeography and historical hybridization between sister taxa of freshwater sculpin (Cottus). Molecular Ecology, 23, 2602 - 2618. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 12758"]}

Cottus ohlone Moyle and Campbell 2022. Coastal Riffle Sculpin, new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8F6E51D6-5317-4F4E-9246-B2F30FBE7207 Description as for C. gulosus. Meristics of sculpins used in this study (Table 1, n = 45): anal-fin rays (12–14), dorsal spines (6–9), dorsal-fin rays (15–19), dorsal fins joined? (variable), black spot present on dorsal, palatine teeth usually present (variable), mouth vs eye (variable but maxilla mostly reaches mid-eye), chin pores (0–2), pelvic fin spines + rays (1+3), pelvics do not touch vent, pectoral-fin rays (14–16), preopercular spines (2), lateral line (complete/incomplete, variable), lateral line pores (25–35). Other characters are listed in Table 1. Holotype. WFB- 3402. 65 m SL, 79 mm TL from Guadalupe Creek, Santa Clara County, California. November 18, 1986. Collected by Jerry J. Smith (Fig. 1). 65 mm SL, 79 mm TL. Anal fin rays 13; dorsal fin spines 8; dorsal fin rays 19; dorsal fins joined; dorsal fin spot present; palatine teeth absent; maxilla reaches middle of eye; 1 chin pore; pelvic fins 1 spine, 3 rays; pelvics do not touch vent; pectora1-fin rays 15; preopercular spines 1; lateral line incomplete; lateral line pores, 27; axillary prickles present but small. Paratypes. WFB-3403, 3404, 3405, 3406 from same location. 58–60 mm SL, 74–81 TL. Anal-fin rays 13; dorsal fin spines 8; dorsal fin rays 17–19; dorsal fins variable in joining; dorsal fin spot present; palatine teeth absent; maxilla reaches middle of eye; 1–2 chin pores; pelvic fins 1 spine, 3 rays; pelvic fins do not touch vent in 3 of 4; pectora1 fin rays 13–15; preopercular spines 1; lateral line incomplete in most; lateral line pores, 26–33; axillary prickles present but small. Diagnosis. Distinguished from other members of the C. gulosus complex as a distinct lineage as determined by molecular phylogenetic and population genomic evidence (Baumsteiger et al. 2014, this study) and by its limited distribution (Fig. 2). Distribution. Restricted to drainages flowing west or southwest along the Coast Range Mountains of California, with two distinct lineages, described as subspecies here. The watersheds include (a) the Russian River and Redwood Creek (which flow directly into the Pacific Ocean, (b) the Napa River, Sonoma Creek and nearby watersheds that flow into north San Francisco Bay, (c) streams draining the Diablo and Coastal ranges through the Santa Clara Valley and nearby areas and flowing into south San Francisco Bay, and (d) tributaries to the Pajaro River, in the Salinas River watershed (Fig. 2). Populations may also exist in the headwaters of the Salinas River (Snyder 1913) although there are no recent records. Habitats are restricted to cool, clear permanent streams with rocky riffles, mostly in headwaters. Etymology. Ohlone honors the Ohlone peoples, who were the original human inhabitants of the Santa Clara Valley region and much of the southern San Francisco Bay region (see http://www.muwekma.org/). The name Ohlone refers to the more than 50 peoples that spoke similar languages and interacted with one another in the region. Their descendants are largely encompassed in the present-day Muwekma Ohlone Tribe., Published as part of Moyle, Peter B. & Campbell, Matthew A., 2022, Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA, pp. 501-527 in Zootaxa 5154 (5) on page 518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6655473, {"references":["Baumsteiger, J., Kinziger, A. P., Reid., S. B. & Aguilar, A. (2014) Complex phylogeography and historical hybridization between sister taxa of freshwater sculpin (Cottus). Molecular Ecology, 23, 2602 - 2618. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 12758","Snyder, J. O. (1913) The fishes of the streams tributary to San Francisco Bay. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 32, 49 - 72."]}

Cottus gulosus (Girard 1854), Inland Riffle Sculpin (Fig. 1) Originally described by Charles Girard as Cottopsis gulosus from the San Joaquin River, as follows: “Largest specimens a little over three inches {76 cm} in total length; of which the head forms the third, the caudal fin excepted. Preopercle provided with two small spines, such as may be observed in several species of Cottus proper, the head otherwise is smooth; mouth proportionately large; posterior extremity of upper maxillary reaching a vertical line, which would pass behind the pupil. A space of five twentieths of an inch exists between the origin of the first dorsal and the occiput. Second dorsal connected with the first by a low membrane proceeding from the last spiny ray. Tips of posterior soft rays not quite reaching the base of caudal. Anal, about as high as second dorsal, but shorter. Caudal, well developed and posteriorly rounded. Origin of ventrals midway between the tip of lower jaw and the anus. Pectorals broad and large, its longest rays extending posteriorly as far as the fifth ray of second dorsal. D IX. 18. A 13. C 3. 1. 5. 4. 1. 2. V I. 4. P 15. Lateral line uninterrupted from thoracic region to base of caudal. Abdomen beset with minute prickles; skin elsewhere smooth. Ground color reddish brown; head and dorsal region spotted with black. Dorsal, caudal and pectorals barred with black; first dorsal provided posteriorly with an elongated black spot. Anal and ventrals unicolor. (Girard 1854; p.130). This description still fits the species complex today, although larger samples show more variation in fin ray counts and characters (Table 1). Characteristics of Riffle Sculpins used in this study (n = 23) are as follows: anal-fin rays (12–15), dorsal spines (6–10), dorsal rays (14–19), dorsal fins usually joined, black spot on dorsal (yes), palatine teeth present (variable), mouth vs eye (variable but maxilla mostly reaches mid-eye), chin pores (0–2), pelvic fins spines + rays (1+2–3), pelvics touch vent when depressed (variable but mostly not), pectoral fin rays (13–16), preopercular spines (1–2), lateral line completeness variable, and lateral line pores (26–38). Holotype. USNM 291, Cottopsis gulosus from San Joaquin River, California (two specimens), Collected by A. L. Heermann and described by Charles Girard (1854). Diagnosis. It is distinguished from other members of the C. gulosus complex as a distinct lineage determined by genomic studies and its limited geographic distribution (Figs. 1, 3). In streams, it can co-occur with C. asper from which it can be most easily separated by its short anal fin (12–15 rays vs. 16–19 for C. asper) and short pelvic fins, which do not touch the vent when depressed. Distribution. C. gulosus is the name historically assigned to all populations in the species complex as described in this paper, including C. pitensis. Our study shows that the name should be restricted to (a) populations found in streams in the western Sierra Nevada, on the east side of the southern Central Valley, from the American River watershed in the north to the Kern River watershed in the south (Fig. 2), including the San Joaquin River and its tributaries and (b) populations in the Sacramento River and streams tributary to it, except the Pit River. Baumsteiger et al. (2014) used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to examine a large sample (n = 872) of sculpins assigned to the C. gulosus species complex. They found a distinct, genetically-based separation of C. gulosus from streams flowing into the southern Central Valley, from similar sculpins in streams flowing into the northern Central Valley (Sacramento Valley). These populations here are treated here as new subspecies. The two river systems join in the tidal Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. A similar break was found in the distribution of the Sacramento Riffle Sculpin lineage at the mouth of the Pit River (now under Shasta Reservoir); sculpins above this break are genetically Pit Sculpins while those below the break are a subspecies that shows evidence of ancient hybridization with C. pitensis (Baumsteiger et al. 2014). Etymology. Cottus was the Roman name for European sculpin, while gulosus roughly translates as ‘big mouth’ or ‘gluttonous’ (Moyle 2002)., Published as part of Moyle, Peter B. & Campbell, Matthew A., 2022, Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA, pp. 501-527 in Zootaxa 5154 (5) on page 516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6655473, {"references":["Girard, C. (1854) Descriptions of new fishes collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann, naturalist attached to the survey of the Pacific railroad route, under Lieut. R. S. Williamson, U. S. A. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7, 129 - 165.","Baumsteiger, J., Kinziger, A. P., Reid., S. B. & Aguilar, A. (2014) Complex phylogeography and historical hybridization between sister taxa of freshwater sculpin (Cottus). Molecular Ecology, 23, 2602 - 2618. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 12758","Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California. Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, 517 pp."]}

Cottus pitensis Bailey and Bond 1963. Pit Sculpin (Fig. 3). Cottus pitensis is described in detail by Bailey and Bond (1963), a description that largely overlaps that of C. gulosus. Diagnostic features are given below. Holotype. UMMZ 130558, adult male 83 mm SL, from North Fork, Pit River, 1934. Paratypes. UMMZ 130559, six specimens 55–76 mm SL. Diagnosis. “Distinguished from gulosus by consistent absence of palatine teeth, the usually better-developed lateral line, and the typical complement of two preopercular spines (Bailey and Bond 1963, p. 21). According to Bailey and Bond (1963), C. gulosus has 2–4 preopercular spines but usually 3, while C. pitensis has 1–3, but usually 2. In the original description, Girard (1854) noted that C. gulosus has two preopercular spines. All other characteristics show broad overlap (Bailey and Bond 1963). Genomic studies (Baumsteiger et al. 2014, this study) confirm its species status, as does the distinct distribution. See Table 1 for meristic counts on specimens used in this study (n=8). Distribution. Endemic to the Pit River watershed in northeastern California and southeastern Oregon. Oregon populations are found in tributaries to Goose Lake, including Drews, Cottonwood, and Thomas creeks (Lake County, Oregon). In California, the Pit Sculpin is found in tributaries to Goose Lake (Lassen and Willow Creeks) and then south in streams throughout the Pit River watershed (Modoc and Shasta counties) to Squaw Valley Creek, now a tributary to Shasta Reservoir. Kinziger et al. (2016) note that the complex geologic history of the region has resulted in some population structure in the Pit Sculpin, suggesting further investigation of its taxonomic relationships is needed. Etymology. Named after the Pit River, which encompasses its distribution. The Pit River was so named because early Euro-American visitors were impressed by the deep pits dug by the native peoples to trap wildlife (Gudde and Bright 1998)., Published as part of Moyle, Peter B. & Campbell, Matthew A., 2022, Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA, pp. 501-527 in Zootaxa 5154 (5) on pages 517-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6655473, {"references":["Bailey, R. M. & Bond, C. E. (1963) Four new species of freshwater sculpins, genus Cottus, from western North America. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 634, 1 - 27.","Girard, C. (1854) Descriptions of new fishes collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann, naturalist attached to the survey of the Pacific railroad route, under Lieut. R. S. Williamson, U. S. A. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7, 129 - 165.","Baumsteiger, J., Kinziger, A. P., Reid., S. B. & Aguilar, A. (2014) Complex phylogeography and historical hybridization between sister taxa of freshwater sculpin (Cottus). Molecular Ecology, 23, 2602 - 2618. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 12758","Kinziger, A. P., Hellmair, M., Fong, S. R., Goodman, D. H. & Kelsey, H. (2016) Evolution of rough sculpin (Cottus asperrimus): genetic divergence and late Quaternary displacement on the Hat Creek fault, California, USA. Conservation Genetics, 17 (6), 1257 - 1267. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10592 - 016 - 0859 - 9","Gudde, E. G. & Bright, W. (1998) California Place Names. University of California Press, Berkeley, 172 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1525 / 9780520920545"]}

Moyle, Peter B., Campbell, Matthew A. (2022): Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA. Zootaxa 5154 (5): 501-527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5154.5.1

In Lake Amut (the Verkhnyaya Angara drainage basin) the third population of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in Baikal basin was found, a presumed invader from the Lena basin; besides, one more representative of Lena ichthyofauna was recorded—sculpin Cottus cf. poecilopus Heckel. This lake is situated close to the divide with the Pravaya Mama River (the Vitim basin), not far from its main channel. The relief structure of the watershed area, in which Lake Amut is located, indicates high probability of the invasion of Lena species into Baikal basin at this place. Data on morphology, age, growth and diet of Arctic charr from Lake Amut are presented and compared with the data on other charr from Baikal basin. New records are discussed in the context of Pleistocene paleogeography of the Baikal region relevant to the history of its fish fauna formation.

In the summer period of 2017, the threaded sculpin Gymnocanthus pistilliger occurred at depths from 14 (minimum depth of trawling) to 64 m in the Sea of Okhotsk off the western coast of Kamchatka. Areas of the maximum G. pistilliger concentrations are only partially similar in terms of fish mass and abundance. The maximum average catches in terms of biomass were recoded between 55° and 56° N, where a high abundance of the species was also recorded. The maximum average catches in terms of abundance were obtained southerly, between 53° and 54° N. The species is the most common and abundant to the depths of 40−50 m. The length of specimens varies within 6−26 (on average 18.3) cm. The ratio of males to females is 0.4 : 1. The smallest sizes of specimens of both sexes were recorded in the depth range of 14−20 m; the average sizes of males and females increase with depth. In the summer period, G. pistilliger occurs in a wide temperature range between 0.4 and 12.1°С on the West Kamchatka shelf. The highest catches of the species were recorded at the temperature of 1.0−3.5°С in the main part of the bathymetric interval, and at 3.5−6.0°С in a shallow zone. According to the results of summer surveys off the western coast of Kamchatka the estimated abundance of G. pistilliger was 146 million ind., and the biomass was 11200 t.

Dynamics of demersal fish biomass is considered on results of trawl surveys conducted in Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea) in 1977-2015. Fishery did not have a significant impact on this complex of fish species, including both fluctuating species (walleye pollock, arabesque greenling, pacific herring) and species with stable stock, because of low intensity. Annual landings in the bay were much lower than recommended volumes (TAC). However, a tendency to the total biomass decreasing was observed, accompanied with growth of the sculpins (Cottidae) portion in the ratio of species biomass. The sculpins prey on juveniles of many other species, so maybe their higher abundance was one of reasons for general depletion of the benthic fish community. Other predators, as marine mammals, were not abundant in Peter the Great Bay. For rational resource management, the fishery impact should be distributed proportionally between populations, taking into account their state, so both traditional commercial objects and predators with growing abundance should be landed. This ecosystem approach requires permanent monitoring to all groups of fish species.