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Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global warming has led to the continuous deterioration of the living environment, in which air quality directly affects human health. In addition, the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has further increased the attention to indoor air quality. Indoor clean air quality is not only related to human health but also related to the quality of the manufacturing environment of clean rooms for numerous high-tech processes, such as semiconductors and packaging. This paper proposes a comprehensive model for evaluating, analyzing, and improving the operational performance of air cleaning equipment. Firstly, three operational performance evaluation indexes, such as the number of dust particles, the number of colonies, and microorganisms, were established. Secondly, the 100(1 −   α)% upper confidence limits of these three operational performance evaluation indexes were deduced to construct a fuzzy testing model. Meanwhile, the accumulated value of ϕ was used to derive the evaluation decision-making value. The proposed model can help companies identify the key quality characteristics that need to be improved. Furthermore, the competitiveness of cooperative enterprises towards smart manufacturing can be strengthened, so that enterprises can not only fulfill their social responsibilities while developing the economy but also take into account the sustainable development of enterprises and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores Ohio Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) workers' descriptions of their mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic's first year. This unexpectedly rich theme was found through a broader qualitative study initially undertaken to understand ECEC employee perceptions of inequitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccine among Ohio educators. Data were collected anonymously through an online questionnaire and thematic analysis was conducted. There were eight main themes related to participant mental well-being in our analysis of the data: making decisions to keep people safe, struggle to find personal protective equipment and cleaning supplies, financial concerns, lack of control, inability to social distance due to caregiving role, isolation, and feeling mentally and physically exhausted, and a positive impact on mental well-being from returning to work. These results confirm and illustrate research indicating COVID-19 had a detrimental impact on mental well-being among ECEC professionals and offer insight into the experiences of providers through their narrative responses. Child care worker financial stability is linked to their well-being; ECEC workers should receive systemic support to improve their baseline mental well-being to prevent a crisis such as COVID-19 from overwhelming them. They should be provided clearly articulated tiered supports and interventions to help them manage their mental well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Although pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies play a vital role in the quality of traditional medicines, they have not received much attention from stakeholders and researchers nationally and internationally. Objective: this study assesses traditional healers' knowledge and utilization of pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies in the amhara region, North West ethiopia. Materials and methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 traditional healers. the data were collected using an interview-based questionnaire. the collected data were checked and entered into statistical Package for social sciences version 25.0 for analysis. the results were presented as percentages. the association between socio-demographic characteristics and traditional healers' knowledge of pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies was examined using Pearson's chi-squares test. Results: About 90% of traditional healers had information about pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies, and currently 80% of them used different pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies individually and in combination with traditional equipment. although most traditional healers used different pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies, only 13.3% of them used equipment and supplies a day. Only 15% of traditional healers continuously cleaned their equipment. None of the socio-demographic variables were significantly associated to the knowledge of pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies. Discussion and Conclusions: Pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies used by traditional healers was inconsistent, mainly associated with their habit of using self-prepared and home-available equipment. Moreover, the checkup status of compounding equipment was poor. as traditional healers provide high-patient care services, emphasis should be given to improving their preparation and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exponential increase in the production and transportation of petroleum-derived products observed in recent years has been driven by the escalating demand for energy, textiles, plastic-based materials, and other goods derived from petroleum. Consequently, there has been a corresponding rise in spills of these petroleum derivatives, particularly in water sources utilized for transportation or, occasionally, illegally utilized for tank cleaning or industrial equipment maintenance. Numerous researchers have proposed highly effective techniques for detecting these products, aiming to facilitate their cleanup or containment and thereby minimize environmental pollution. However, many of these techniques rely on the identification of individual compounds, which presents significant drawbacks, including complexity of handling, subjectivity, lengthy analysis times, infeasibility for in situ analysis, and high costs. In response, there has been a notable surge in the utilization of sensors or generalized profiling techniques serving as sensors to generate characteristic fingerprints of these products, thereby circumventing the aforementioned disadvantages. This review comprehensively examines the evolution of techniques employed for detecting petroleum-derived products in water samples, along with their associated advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the review examines current perspectives on methods for the removal and/or containment of these products from water sources, to minimize their environmental impact and the associated health repercussions on living organisms and ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Analysis of the stress-strain state of cylindrical cleaning pigs manufactured of hyperelastic material during their movement through the pipe bends of the pipelines, identification of maximum contact forces' points, and places of their separation from the inner wall. The effect of the dynamic friction coefficient between the pig's lateral surface and the pipeline's inner wall on the value of the maximum equivalent von Mises stresses in the pig is investigated -- determination of the required pressure for the passage of the pig through pipeline bends. Design/methodology/approach: The finite element method performs numerical modelling of the pigs' movement through pipeline bends is performed. The non-linear properties of a hyperelastic pig material (a silicone compound with a hardness of 30 units on the Shore scale) are described by the potential Yeoh strain energy model. The contact interaction of the pig with the inner wall of the pipe bend is modelled by a surface-to-surface contact with dynamic friction coefficients of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 between them. For research, pigs with a length of 60 mm, 75 mm and 90 mm with a convex front and a concave rear end were manufactured and modelled. The experimental unit was designed and mounted from metal and glass pipes, between which pipe bends were placed with a bending angle of 90° and a bending radius of 1.5 DN. The metal pipeline has an internal diameter of 49 mm and a total length of 5.3 m, and the glass pipeline is 54 mm and 5 m, respectively. The experimental installation made of glass pipes was designed for visual observation of the dynamics of the pig movement through the glass pipeline bend and from metal -- for measuring the pressure during the pig movement along the straight sections and the pipeline bend. To verify the correctness of the numerical modelling, the fully calculated deformations of the cleaning pigs in the bends of the pipeline were visualized and compared with photographs of the deformations of the pigs during their movement through the glass bends of the pipelines. Findings: The bending of the pig in the pipe bend and contact forces increase equivalent von Mises stresses in the pig. Moreover, during the movement of the pig in a pipe bend, the distribution of equivalent von Mises stresses in it, as well as its deformations, changes continuously. It depends on the stage at which it is located. Numerical modelling and experiments have established that when the pig is at the stage of movement in the middle part of the pipe bend, due to bending, its lateral surface is partially separated from the inner wall of the pipe bend. With this, on the convex side of the pipe bend, the pig is separated from the wall in the front and rear parts and on the concave side -- in the middle part. This separation of the lateral surface of the pig from the inner wall of the pipe bend results in the formation of a gap and cross-flows through the pig, reducing the pressure drop on it, which can lead to its sticking. For pigs made of silicone compound with a hardness of 30 units on the Shore scale to pass pipeline bends with a bending angle of 90° and a bending radius of 1.5 DN, the pressure in the pig space shall be at least twice as high as the pressure required for the pig to move along a straight section of the pipeline. Research limitations/implications: Modelling and experimental studies were performed for pigs made of silicone compound. Therefore, subsequent studies will establish the influence of other hyperelastic materials' physical and mechanical properties on the pig movement along the pipeline bends. Practical implications: The results obtained in this study allow for determining the possibility of pigs passing through the pipeline bends of gas gathering systems at gas fields and gas networks, determining the necessary pressure for this and, if necessary, optimising the geometric shape and dimensions of the pigs passing through the pipe bends. Originality/value: The influence of the location of a solid pig made of hyperelastic material in the pipeline bend and the coefficient of dynamic friction on the stress-strain state of the pig is studied. The article contains original experimental units designed and installed to study the movement of pigs through pipeline bends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfuric acid, a constituent of lead-acid batteries, is an extremely hazardous substance, necessitating utmost caution. Unfortunately, many workers that utilize battery-operated equipment remain unaware of the potential exposure. This study aims to evaluate the potential exposure to sulfuric acid among workers employed by small companies associated with the operation of floor cleaning equipment powered by lead-acid batteries. Only cleaning equipment (hand-push and ride-on types) that required supplementation of lead-acid batteries with distilled water were targeted. Exposure measurement and analysis were performed according to the guidelines of NIOSH and including personal sampling and stationary sampling on the equipment. Exposure measurements indicated that workers were exposed to sulfuric acid. Additionally, the concentration level was slightly elevated in the stationary samples compared to personal samples. This study affirms that workers can experience exposure to sulfuric acid, even in the absence of direct handling of the substance. Consequently, there is a need to recognize and mitigate the potential risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the cleaning process of LCD production, the internal environment of wet cleaning equipment is conducive to microbial growth and can easily form biofilms. The shedding of these biofilms can result in product defects. This study employed 0.25 ppm ozone water to pass through the tank inside the wet washing equipment, which increased the number of days that the tank remained clean from 20 days to more than 130 days. And the lifespan of the filter has been extended from 10 days to over 60 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document "PM 9/2 (3) Clavibacter sepedonicus" provides a national regulatory control system for Clavibacter sepedonicus, a pest that causes bacterial ring rot of potatoes. The system includes guidelines for surveillance, containment, and eradication of the pest. It emphasizes the importance of international phytosanitary measures and certification schemes for seed potatoes to prevent the spread of the pest. The document provides detailed instructions for surveillance, determination of presence, and containment measures, as well as guidelines for disposing of infested material and cleaning equipment. It also outlines measures for different types of production sites and the regulated area as a whole. [Extracted from the article]

Ship fouling has significant adverse effects on vessel performance and environmental sustainability. Therefore, this research study develops a bi-level programming model to simultaneously optimize cleaning equipment deployment by cleaning service providers in the upper level and cleaning decisions by shipping companies in the lower level. To address the interaction within the bi-level problem, the model is transformed into a single-level formulation using the big-M method. This transformation greatly simplifies the complexity of the computation and reduces computation time. Numerical experiments are conducted using real-world data to evaluate the performance of the proposed models. In addition, sensitivity analyses are performed to investigate the influence of key parameters. The results indicate that cleaning service providers primarily purchase equipment in the first year based on the demand distribution. To maximize profit, they may choose to forgo a portion of the demand. The sensitivity analysis reveals that sacrificing part of the demand can lead to an additional USD 27 million in profits compared with satisfying all demand. Moreover, increasing the cleaning price reduces both demand and equipment purchases but increases total profits. Conversely, increasing purchase costs reduces profits and the total amount of equipment purchased. When service providers can no longer generate profits, they are likely to exit the market. These findings offer valuable insights for service providers and shipping companies in the practical deployment of cleaning equipment and foul cleaning decisions, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of manual and machine-aided cleaning to remove matured plaque from removable partial dentures (RPDs). Materials and Methods: A total of 32 patients with bilateral free-end saddle RPDs were included. The plaque was stained, and the RPD was photographed on all sides. One saddle was randomly allocated to manual cleaning, while the other was allocated to no cleaning. The patient manually cleaned the saddle by applying a denture brush and gel. The whole RPD was then cleaned with the aid of a machine using a rotating needle device. After each step, plaque dyeing and photography were repeated. The plaque proportions (% pixel) were measured using special software. For statistical analysis, mixed models were used to adjust for baseline covariates, including plaque and surfaces, and to cover all time points. Results: The mean plaque area without cleaning at the fitting surface was higher than at the buccal/lingual surfaces (32.8% [95% CI: 28.1% to 36.4%] vs 15.3% [13.1% to 17.4%], respectively). Manual cleaning was not substantially better than no cleaning (4.6% [-0.1% to 9.2%] for the difference at the fitting surface [showing a substantial difference of < 10%]), and the difference found was even smaller at the buccal/lingual surfaces. Machine-aided cleaning was substantially better than manual cleaning (16.1% [12.0% to 20.2%] for the difference at the fitting surface and 7.3% [4.6% to 10.0%] at buccal/lingual surfaces). The combination of manual and machine-aided cleaning was not better than machine-aided cleaning alone (-0.2% [-2.6% to 2.1%] difference at the fitting surface). Conclusion: Manual cleaning is insufficient in removing matured denture plaque. Machine-aided cleaning is superior to manual cleaning, especially at fitting surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the cleaning process of LCD production, the internal environment of wet cleaning equipment is conducive to microbial growth and can easily form biofilms. The shedding of these biofilms can result in product defects. This study employed 0.25 ppm ozone water to pass through the tank inside the wet washing equipment, which increased the number of days that the tank remained clean from 20 days to more than 130 days. And the lifespan of the filter has been extended from 10 days to over 60 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming has led to the continuous deterioration of the living environment, in which air quality directly affects human health. In addition, the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has further increased the attention to indoor air quality. Indoor clean air quality is not only related to human health but also related to the quality of the manufacturing environment of clean rooms for numerous high-tech processes, such as semiconductors and packaging. This paper proposes a comprehensive model for evaluating, analyzing, and improving the operational performance of air cleaning equipment. Firstly, three operational performance evaluation indexes, such as the number of dust particles, the number of colonies, and microorganisms, were established. Secondly, the 100(1− α)% upper confidence limits of these three operational performance evaluation indexes were deduced to construct a fuzzy testing model. Meanwhile, the accumulated value of ϕ was used to derive the evaluation decision-making value. The proposed model can help companies identify the key quality characteristics that need to be improved. Furthermore, the competitiveness of cooperative enterprises towards smart manufacturing can be strengthened, so that enterprises can not only fulfill their social responsibilities while developing the economy but also take into account the sustainable development of enterprises and the environment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different working parameters on the cleaning efficiency of a cleaning device during the separation and cleaning process in a flax joint harvesting machine. To achieve this objective, CFD–DEM joint simulation technology was used to construct a CFD model of the cleaning device and a DEM model of the discharged flax material; the simulation results show the flax cleaning process. The Box–Behnken experimental design method was used to establish a mathematical model between the vibrating sieve frequency, vibrating sieve amplitude, fan wind speed, seed impurity rate, and cleaning loss rate to find the optimum combination of cleaning equipment parameters and to conduct a field verification test. The simulation test results show that, when the vibrating sieve frequency is 6 Hz, the vibrating sieve amplitude is 14.42 mm, the fan wind speed is 5.96 m/s, and the machine cleaning effect is the best; the simulation test was measured following a seed impurity rate of 2.97% and cleaning loss rate of 2.17%. The field test verification results show that, after optimizing the working parameters of the cleaning device, the cleaning loss rate is 3.58% and the impurity rate of the grain combine harvester is 3.16%, thus meeting the national and industry requirements. The test results and simulation results are highly consistent with the model, thereby verifying the reliability of the model. The results of the study provide a reference for the design and performance optimization of the flax combine cleaner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When processing wet rice, the efficiency of the combine harvester diminishes due to the heightened surface water content of the paddy. To address this, a hot air flow cleaning apparatus was engineered, and the effects of its operational parameters on cleaning performance were investigated. Outlet temperature, fan speed, louver sieve temperature, louver sieve inclination, and eccentric wheel speed were selected as experimental factors, and a single-factor test was carried out, with cleaning loss rate and impurity rate as test indexes. The results of the single-factor test show that louver sieve inclination and eccentric wheel speed had no obvious influence on the cleaning loss rate or impurity rate. The cleaning loss rate decreased with the increase in outlet temperature and louver sieve temperature but increased with the increase in fan speed. The cleaning impurity rate increased with the increase in outlet temperature and louver sieve temperature but decreased with the increase in fan speed. Based on the results of the single-factor test, a central composite rotatable test was adopted to attain the optimal operation parameters of the hot air flow cleaning equipment. Parameters like outlet temperature, fan speed, and louver sieve temperature were established as test factors, with the loss and impurity rates chosen as the evaluation metrics. Optimization using response surface methodology yielded the following parameters: an outlet temperature of 40.7 °C, a fan speed of 1300 rpm, and a louver sieve temperature of 50 °C. Under these conditions, the loss rate was observed to be 0.75% and the impurity rate stood at 1.75%. These findings can guide the design of cleaning mechanisms and the determination of operational parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the design of integrated circuits has become increasingly complicated and dense, serious wafer quality problems are observed in modern wafer fabrication facilities. Therefore, in cluster tools of leading fabs process chambers are periodically cleaned in order to eliminate residual chemicals and impurities that can damage the wafer quality. A chamber cleaning operation is mainly applied to tools in which a wafer delay has a crucial impact on the wafer quality, and hence the need of wafer delay control becomes more significant when chamber cleaning is considered. Thus, we first examine how wafer delays can be specified for cluster tools with chamber cleaning operations. We confirm that wafer delays are substantially increased when chambers are periodically cleaned, and we show that such increased wafer delays cannot be eliminated or reduced using the existing scheduling methods. In such a case, we prove that a partial loading strategy can minimise both the tool cycle time and the wafer delays by controlling the number of wafers being loaded into parallel chambers. We also present how wafer delays under the partial loading strategy can be further reduced by introducing a timing control method that regulates the start times of robot tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a fiber coupled high power side-pumped Nd:YAG laser system for laser cleaning is presented. Based on the two-rod structure and two stages amplifiers, the maximum average output power of 783 W with corresponding pulse energy of 52 mJ at 15 kHz has been achieved. The fiber coupling efficiencies after the master oscillator, one stage amplifier and two stages amplifiers reach to 99%, 98.3% and 94%, respectively. A laser cleaning machine prototype composed of the master oscillator and one stage amplifier with an average output power of greater than 500 W has been developed and achieved better nondestructive cleaning effect for thermal control coating removal compared with commercial fiber laser cleaning machines. This study provides a new method for developing high power laser sources for nondestructive laser cleaning equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing demand to improve the overall sustainability of the biopharmaceutical industry. A barrier to improvement has been the limited research undertaken in the area of environmental impact of key design decisions. The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of buffer management strategy and technology selection on overall process efficiency using process mass intensity (PMI) as a metric for comparison. The environmental impact of buffer management has yet to be fully understood, despite buffers being one of the most resource-intensive aspects of biopharmaceutical manufacturing. A detailed process model was used to evaluate the impact of buffer management on a monoclonal antibody (MAB) process at the 2000 L scale. This was achieved by means of a non-replicated full factorial design composed of six variables: product titre, quantity of unique buffers, preparation frequency, single-use threshold and equipment cleaning duration with two levels and buffer preparation strategy type with four levels. The study identified that buffer management has a critical impact on overall process mass intensity, demonstrating a possibility to achieve a reduction in PMI of up to 90% for the best scenario compared to the worst. The findings also indicated that single-use systems are greatly superior to stainless-steel systems in terms of overall process efficiency, which is consistent with established thinking. The results from this research represent a further significant step towards achieving a more sustainable biopharmaceutical industry, establishing buffer management as a critical focus area, quantifying the influence of key variables on process mass intensity and highlighting the benefits of using a process mass intensity metric as part of routine biopharmaceutical design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After onions, garlic is the Allium that is used most commonly. The edible component of this plant is a complex bulb. It has been used for a number of food preservation techniques in India and other central eastern nations. There is a large amount of garlic that is typically eaten as peeled cloves. Traditionally, garlic cloves are separated and peeled using hot water, flame, oven, crushing and shaking methods. It takes a lot of time and labor to use these conventional methods. The current study was conducted at a commercial peeled garlic supplier close to Fatehpura, Mandvigate, and Vadodara. The garlic peeler is made up of the feed hopper, vertical cylinder, compressor unit, cleaning and discharge equipment, and main frame. The garlic peeler was evaluated with three Feed rate levels: 72, 108 and 144kg/h. According to observation and calculations the optimum performance was noticed at108 kg/h feed rateover all other treatments where avg. peeling efficiency was obtained86.28% as well as minimum damage to the garlic cloves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectrophotometric methods of determination of the active pharmaceutical ingredients meloxicam and nimesulide were reviewed and a simple UV-spectrophotometric method for the determination of these active pharmaceutical ingredients in industrial equipment cleaning validation samples was proposed. The methods were based on extraction of the residual quantities of meloxicam and nimesulide from the manufacturing equipment surface by the concentrated sodium carbonate solution and the subsequent UV-spectrophotometric determination of the basic forms of the drugs at the wavelength of 362 nm for meloxicam and at 397 nm for nimesulide. The calibration graphs were linear in the range from 5 to 25 mg/L of both nimesulide and meloxicam, the molar attenuation coefficients were 6100 m2/mol for nimesulide and 9100 m2/mol for meloxicam, the limit of detection was 0.8 mg/L for nimesulide and 1.9 mg/L for meloxicam and the limit of quantification was 2.5 mg/L for nimesulide and 5.8 mg/L for meloxicam. The methods were selective with respect to the common excipients, showed a good accuracy (the relative uncertainty did not exceed 7%) and precision (the relative standard deviation did not exceed 4%), did not require lengthy sample preparation or sophisticated laboratory equipment and were suitable for the routine analysis of cleaning validation samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dairy industry must focus on sanitation and hygiene requirements to ensure product safety, control of detergents, tanks, pumps. Compliance with these requirements will provide conditions for the production of a high-quality dairy product, maintenance of technical and mechanical frequency at the enterprise, and prevention of the reproduction of harmful bacteria. Under these conditions, the problem of cleaning technical equipment from harmful residues on site is urgent. The object of the study is the basic processes in the Cleaning-In-Place system in the dairy industry. It is recommended to design a human-machine interface for on-site cleaning in the Siemens WinCC Flexible software. It is worth noting that the proposed interface takes into account the reduction of equipment downtime during the washing of technological equipment, a convenient user interface, and ease of maintenance. The state of use of existing visualizations of on-site cleaning interfaces that do not use simultaneous washing of two tanks with cleaning solutions (alkaline and acid) and the state of controlled values in selected washing lines were evaluated. Numerical evaluations of the results use modern programming technology and high information productivity of the user interface. A human-machine interface was designed with the possibility of parallel cleaning of two tanks at different ends of the workshop and the selection of recipes for different groups of tanks. This interface displays emergency messages, the status of the washing process of production lines and control based on data from sensors. The practical use of the obtained scientific results is that the designed interface can be used not only in the dairy industry but in any other food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clean up marine fouling attached to marine steel pile, this paper proposed an innovative configuration scheme of the marine steel pile cleaning equipment by the scraping method and its telescopic mechanism by applying a multi-cylinder synchronous control strategy to the cleaning equipment, and produced a test prototype of the cleaning equipment that could solve the problem of cleaning equipment eccentricity and tilt in the field of ocean engineering. Based on the MATLAB Simulink module, a simulation model of the operation process of the telescopic mechanism of the marine steel pile cleaning equipment was established to complete the evaluation of the multi-cylinder synchronous control performance under multiple working conditions. Through the test, the synchronous working performance of the telescopic mechanism of the cleaning equipment under the no-load condition was preliminarily verified. The test results showed that under the no-load condition, the relative errors between the three cylinders and the target displacement were 0.8%, 0.4%, and 0.2%, respectively, and the cleaning equipment could reach the specified working position at the given working speed. The displacement synchronization error between each cylinder was 0.7 mm, 0.7 mm, and 0.6 mm, respectively, and the displacement synchronization error was controlled within 1 mm. The telescopic mechanism had good synchronization, which can ensure the stability and prevent the eccentricity and tilt during the cleaning equipment operation as well as provide a valuable reference for the manufacturing of cleaning equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences is the property of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

India is holey country & during lots of festival like ganesh visarjan, navratri durga puja & mainly kumbhmela there is lots of water pollution of Godavari River at Nashik. The water pollution is very important problem in rivers, ponds and water bodies near Godavari River at Nashik. Due to increase in water pollution in the form to waste debris; it is hampering the life of aquatic animal and make their life in danger. Similarly, sometimes the aquatic animal tends to eats surface waste debris considering it as a food; which ultimately cause the death of animals. Due to pollution water, many skin diseases to human kind are observed. In order to reduce the water pollution, we are going to implement an automated drainage cleaning machine. "Automated Drainage Cleaning Machine" is a machine which involves the removing the waste from water surface and safely dispose from the water body. The Drainage Cleaning Machine works on hydropower to extract waste water debris, plastics & garbage from Godavari River at Nashik. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2016, Tosei General Hospital, a tertiary emergency medical facility with 633 beds in Japan, experienced a large nosocomial outbreak of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) that had spread to numerous sink outlets. Based on our experience with using steam cleaners to suppress CPE on environmental surfaces, we report the efficacy of steam cleaners in the disinfection of sink outlets. Steam cleaners were used to disinfect 22 target areas. CPE disappeared in 90.9% of the sink outlets within the first two months after disinfection, and, after 12 months, 54.5% of the sink outlets remained negative throughout the remainder of the study period. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using steam cleaners to disinfect sink outlets contaminated with CPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition) / Jiangsu Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The production of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and other biologics is performed primarily in batch mode. This results in larger equipment, cleaning/sterilization volumes, and dead times compared to any continuous approach. Consequently, production throughput is lower and capital costs are relatively high. Switching to continuous production thus reduces the production footprint and also lowers the cost of goods (COG). During process development, from the provision of clinical trial samples to the production plant, different plant sizes are usually required, operating at different operating parameters. To speed up this step, it would be optimal if only one plant with the same equipment and piping could be used for all sizes. In this study, an efficient solution to this old challenge in biologics manufacturing is demonstrated, namely the qualification and validation of a plant setup for clinical trial doses of about 1000 doses and a production scale-up of about 10 million doses. Using the current example of the Comirnaty BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, the cost-intensive in vitro transcription was first optimized in batch so that a yield of 12 g/L mRNA was achieved, and then successfully transferred to continuous production in the segmented plug flow reactor with subsequent purification using ultra- and diafiltration, which enables the recycling of costly reactants. To realize automated process control as well as real-time product release, the use of appropriate process analytical technology is essential. This will also be used to efficiently capture the product slug so that no product loss occurs and contamination from the fill-up phase is <1%. Further work will focus on real-time release testing during a continuous operating campaign under autonomous operational control. Such efforts will enable direct industrialization in collaboration with appropriate industry partners, their regulatory affairs, and quality assurance. A production scale-operation could be directly supported and managed by data-driven decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is devoted to studying the hydrodynamics of highly efficient equipment for the complex treatment of dust and gas emissions. One way to reduce dust and gas emissions is to increase the efficiency of gas cleaning equipment. The considered designs of the devices for clearing exhaust gases work in the mode of the developed turbulence. Devices with a regular pulsating nozzle are characterized by high efficiency in catching solid particles of different dispersion, self-clean the contact elements from dust, low material consumption, and high reliability in operation. The study's primary purpose is the physical description of structures and the analysis of hydrodynamic modes of operation devices for the integrated treatment of dust and gas emissions in industrial enterprises. This goal is achieved by describing the structures and the physical picture of the interaction of gas and liquid phases in the volume of the studied devices, the establishment of the main hydrodynamic modes of operation, and optimal operating ranges of equipment at gas speed. The regular arrangement of the nozzle elements on the string allows you to organize vortex zones with a specific set step in both longitudinal and transverse crosssections, ensuring uniform flow distribution and homogeneity of the gas-liquid layer. In the ejection and nozzle versions of devices with a regular pulsation nozzle, we can clearly distinguish three hydrodynamic modes: countercurrent, transient and direct current. The operating mode is direct current. Studies of devices with a regular pulsation nozzle suggest its use for the comprehensive treatment of dust and gas emissions of enterprises to reduce the negative impact on the environment

An adaptive driver motor was developed to use in PV panel cleaning systems in this study. The amount of energy produced from PV panels is directly related to parameters such as the rate and angle of solar irradiance falling on the panel. Covering the surface of PV panels with dust, dirt, etc., significantly reduces the amount of energy. A lot of research/development is being done with panel cleaning. In this study, a Linear Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor was designed as an alternative drive element to be used in the methods used for cleaning the panels. In this study, analytical design and electromagnetic and structural analyses of linear BLDC were performed. The motor prototype was produced, and appropriate driver was selected and then mounted on the motor test setup. The test results on the system have shown that the designed motor and the system can be used for panel cleaning. Depending on this, cleaning technic produced energy was increased by 22%. Most of the external systems used either create an additional load on the panels or need an additional motor or reducer for linear motion. The unique aspect of the work is that it can provide linear motion for the cleaning equipment without additional load on the panels. In addition, due to the large thrust produced by the motor, it will be possible to clean the panels placed on the same axis with a single motor in successive panel series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cleaning products manufacturers are looking for new biobased solutions to replace traditional petrochemical ingredients. They aim to meet consumers' expectations and conform to new upcoming regulations by reducing the carbon footprint and improving the sustainability profile of the formulated end products. In this paper, we present an innovative rheology additive that represents a sustainable option for the HI&I industry, and a solution to bring new developments closer to meeting environmental goals without compromising the performances. Exilva® cellulose fibrils is a bio-based additive composed of pure cellulose, characterized by rheological and mechanical functionalities that impart a unique combination of properties in finished products. In this paper, we investigate a fabric softener-like system containing Exilva and a cationic surfactant, assessing the compatibility between these two ingredients. We show that small concentrations of cellulose fibrils can structure the formulations and suspend microencapsulated fragrances dispersed in the system, both in case of traditional and new generation microplastic free microcapsules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]