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How does a mismatch between management and cultural norms lead to decreased engagement and productivity? Within both Germanic and Mediterranean cultural spheres, trust dynamics mirror deeply ingrained kinship patterns, which evolve slowly over time. The inclination to trust within one's own kin group is notably stronger among Mediterranean populations compared to their Germanic counterparts. Even as these populations migrated to regions such as Latin America and the United States, the distinct trust patterns persist. Germanic managerial methodologies rely heavily on trust‐based behaviors inherent to Germanic cultures, which may not find resonance within the Mediterranean cultural context. Consequently, such managerial approaches often prove less effective within Mediterranean clusters. In contrast, management practices that prioritize kinship dynamics, commonly seen among Mediterranean peoples, foster an environment of trust, teamwork, and a sense of collective responsibility. This approach necessitates fewer bureaucratic controls and cultivates heightened levels of engagement and performance in the workplace. These assertions draw from a synthesis of historical accounts, business literature, anthropological studies, as well as empirical evidence from sources such as the World Values Survey Wave 6 data and field research conducted over a 2‐year period within a Brazilian samba school setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses ways in which negative economic shocks captured by natural disasters can shape internal labor migration in China. The impact of negative economic shocks on migration depends on the combination of two opposite driving forces: (i) negative economic shocks can make staying in the affected area less profitable, thus enhancing returns to migration; (ii) the shocks can make it more difficult to migrate out, thus inducing a higher fixed cost of migration. Based on a nationwide dataset of China, this paper shows that when natural disasters were not severe, they caused migration out of rural areas. With sufficiently severe damage, however, the negative effect of natural disasters could be mitigated by villages' prior migrant networks. Specifically, with a severe shock, only clan members were able to migrate in response to natural disasters and enjoyed the complementary effects of prior migrant networks, as they could receive more help from social capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses in depth and highlights not only the peculiarities of managing gaming communities in Minecraft, but also their strategies in the face of constant competition. The authors describe in detail the methods used by these communities to achieve their goals in the virtual environment, taking into account the needs and differences of this type of collective structures. Special focus is directed towards examining how new members interact and the impact they have on the management dynamics within the clan. Highlighting the benefits that a player receives when joining a clan is an important part of the analysis, which opens up new approaches to understanding the motivation of players in choosing certain gaming groups. Not only the effectiveness of player management is investigated, but also the ways in which server administrators facilitate this interaction and generate revenue. The authors reveal specific examples of gaming features that server owners use for commercial purposes, as well as consider strategies for forming clans and their potential sizes. The approach to defining the roles of players in gaming communities is considered to be innovative, enriching the understanding of their functions and contributing to deepening the analysis in this area. This work is currently relevant in the context of the expansion of gaming culture, as it brings to the fore key aspects of gaming communities and can serve as a valuable source of information for players, game team leaders, server administrators, and researchers studying this unique field.

Seram Island has a community of indigenous peoples who live in a particular form known as "Patai" in the Wemale language. This alliance is a means of bringing together customary law communities as well as a type of customary governance alliance that is not legally controlled in the current Negeri governance system, particularly based on statutory regulations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the position of Yapio patai as a clan confederation. The findings revealed that Yapio patai is an association of clans that promise to continue to exist as an alliance even though these clans have dispersed and settled separately in seven Negeri in the West Seram region, with that oath they entered into a social contract. The examination of the confederation's elements leads to the conclusion that Yapio patai is a clan confederation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces into scientific circulation sources from the history of the Bey clans of the Crimea from the middle of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th centuries, which are contained in the funds of the Zemsky Bank of the Kherson province and the Bessarabian-Tavriysky Land Bank of the State Archive of the Odesa Region. In these funds, there are 21 cases of the Shirinskys, Arginskys, Yashlavskys, Mansurskys, and Kypchakskys families regarding the granting of a loan secured by an estate or a plot of land. The cases of the Bey families from the fund of the Zemsky Bank of the Kherson province have not been preserved and are known by their names in the inventories. An analysis of documents related to loans granted to the bank by Crimean Tatar landowners descended from Bey families was carried out. According to the type of information, the presented sources can be divided into three groups: economic (documents of economic activity, acts of assessment of the yield of the estate or land plot), procedural (correspondence reflecting the stages of obtaining and paying the loan, sale of the estate), personal documents of a social and property nature (agreement about demarcation, yafta, deed of sale). Documents of an economic nature provide an opportunity for a broader and more detailed study of the state of land ownership and the nature of management of the descendants of the Crimean Tatar aristocracy at the end of the 19th century. It is obvious that the established way of management of the once large landowners, descendants of the Bey clans, did not meet the need for funds. The estates were re-mortgaged several times. Procedural documents show that loans were granted quite quickly, the Bank's Management Board monitored the work of its agents in assessing the profitability of the estate, and was also interested in solving the problems of its customers, preserving their property and preventing the sale of property. The most informative documents that characterize the social and economic processes that took place among the Crimean Tatar nobility during the 19th century are the personal documents of the owners of estates: deeds of sale, agreements on the delimitation of land, distribution acts upon receiving an inheritance, which actually reflect the process of land dispossession of the descendants of the Crimean Tatars family aristocracy and the collapse of the traditional foundations of the rural community during the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rouya Turkiyyah is the property of Insight Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Safety & Security Sciences Review / Biztonságtudományi Szemle is the property of Obuda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper studies the succession of power between emperor and crown prince in imperial China as a political game. We begin by developing a model of the succession game that defines the probability of a crown prince being deposed as a function of the strength of the ruling emperor. The model predicts an inverted U-shaped relationship between the probability of crown prince-deposition and the strength of the ruler. We then test the model's implication against the historical evidence. We find that from the Western Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty (206 BC–1644 AD), the power of crown princes first increased, then fluctuated and finally decreased. This trend was linearly correlated to changes in relative imperial power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opinion that blood revenge was definitively eradicated in Montenegro during Danilo's time ran into very serious difficulties and could not be maintained. Its serious traces, although not in the classic form, are encountered not only in the 19th but also in the 20th century. By 1870, Danilo's code was in full force, and since then 40 of its "articles" have remained in force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Special Issue seeks to understand the formation and development of Asian political dynasties that extended or continue to extend power through at least two generations by comparing and contrasting the experiences of eight select country cases in the region. The Issue concentrates on "political dynasties" rather than "political families" because we examine the chronological extension of clout by a kinship group over the geographical unit in which it resides rather than simply the nuanced power relations of the political family in stasis. We also focus on dynasties as political families in motion—not political families at one point in time. The study is crucial because it enhances comprehension of the Asian family dynasty's role as a political institution in the age of elections. Such research remains uncommon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the manifestation of religious populism through a case study in West Sumatra, highlighting its rise to power and the consequent shift towards religion as a central factor in public policy decisions. In West Sumatra, where the Minangkabau reside, Islamic populism received support from the economically established, middleclass traders. It occurred due to the change within Minangkabau society, where the clan's traditional role in meeting the needs of its members has been disrupted by modernization. Replacing the clan's roles, financially stable middle-class Muslims have come to support the needy and community activities, eventually leading to the rise of Islamic populism. This transformation, from clan-based to multi-clan alliances, has provided the consolidated middle class with the impetus to advocate for a conservative Islamic agenda. The research findings also underscore the necessity of considering contextual factors, including urban-rural dynamics and community-specific socio-cultural structures. Data for this research were collected by employing vis-à-vis interviews and active observation from August 2019 to December 2020 in West Sumatra, Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Fondo Editorial Fundacion Universitaria Luis Amigo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Safety & Security Sciences Review / Biztonságtudományi Szemle is the property of Obuda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the psychological effects of FIFA, PES, and Clash of Clans games on young men at risk of developing internet gaming disorder (IGD). Methods: The sample consisted of 150 young men, 50 of whom were in the FIFA and PES group, 50 in the Clash of Clans group, and 50 in the control group. Two groups of young men at risk of developing IGD were compared with a control group. The participants completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI), Game Addiction Scale, and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Findings: The results of the study showed that the scores of mental health problems, conflict with friends, and executive function problems in the Clash of Clans group were significantly higher than those of the FIFA, PES, and control groups. Concerning conflict with parents, the FIFA group had a higher score than the Clash of Clans and control groups. In addition, the results indicated that gaming addiction affects mental health by affecting executive functions. Conclusion: The Clash of Clans game has more negative effects on psychological functions.

The given article is a translation from English of the well- known scholar, historian Alan Fisher`s work The Crimean Tatars. He was a professor of State University in Michigan, the USA. He had life -long interest to the history of Ottoman Empire and Turkic peoples. His work The Crimean Tatars was published in 1978 in the USA. The work consists of several chapters:1. The Origins of the Crimean Tatar Khanate. 2. Ottoman Hegemony in the Crimea. 3. The Political system of the Crimean Khanate. 4. Economic and Cultural Life in the khanate. 5. The Crimean Role in Eastern European Politics. The first chapter of the work gives a detailed study of the Origins of the Crimean Tatar Khanate, relations with the neighboring countries: Ottoman Empire, Moscovy, Poland and so on. The author represents an in- depth analyses of each ruling khan, his contribution into coming into being of the Khanate: Sahib Giray, Devlet Giray, Gazi Giray, Selim Giray I In the first chapter the author also offers detailed information about political and economic life of the Khanate.

This study investigates the genealogies in Koguryŏ epitaphs, patterns them, and analyzes their changes over time. The Koguryŏ diaspora occurred during the Unification War under Silla. This study focuses on the Koguryŏ diaspora among the Tang who migrated to China. First, this study summarizes the research on genealogies of the Koguryŏ diaspora's epitaphs and indicates their problems. Second, it confirms the definition of the Koguryŏ diaspora and reviews the number of epitaphs. Third, it categorizes genealogies and analyzes their changes. Finally, this study clarifies the causes of the changes in the genealogies.

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The clan, an extant social organization formed 2000 years ago, bears a unique system of values still shaping fundamental institutions of modern society. In this research, we show how traditional clans affect the patterns of industrial specialization in China today. We find that industries dependent on relationship-specific investments tend to cluster in prefectures with strong clans. Our findings remain robust when considering alternative measures, including a set of historical and geographical correlates, and excluding cities in the southeast of China. Clans have a stronger effect on the specialization of the private sector than the state sector. In addition, the clan culture of immigrants matters for the industrial specialization of host regions. Our firm-level analysis further shows that the effects mainly originate from an overall improvement of the contracting environment by the clan culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water management among the Chagga people of Kilimanjaro has involved community collaboration in the construction, ownership and management of water infrastructures. Since the second half of the second millennium AD, the Chagga settlement on the lower slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro significantly transformed the landscape to reflect an agrarian society characterised by decentralised forms of socio-political and economic organisation. Such organisation involved conception, construction, and post-construction management of water distribution systems, synonymous with high levels of socio-political complexity. The study employs ethnography and archaeological surveys to document the construction of water infrastructures on the lower slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro. An ethnographic survey among Chagga elders generated primary data on water furrow construction. This information was then used to aid archaeological surveys in mapping irrigation furrows (mfongo) in the lower slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro. The ethnography also provided data on how Chagga chiefs and clan leaders governed the construction, use and maintenance of water infrastructures in the past. Such approaches highlighted Chagga lived experiences of traditional irrigation technologies and infrastructures and how these developed a complex agrarian society. Results show that community collaboration was key in the management of water infrastructure vital for their home gardens, and this sustained Chagga society for centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La gestion de terre ainsi que l’exploitation des forêts frontalières des clans (villages) devient une source des plusieurs conflits fonciers entre population vivant dans la province de Lomami en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Le cas des conflits dans les villages environnant la Station de L’INERA-Ngandajika entre villages proches retient notre attention. Il s’agit des conflits fonciers et forestiers qui opposent les villages de Mpunga et Mpemba-Nzeu. Cette situation est devenue très récurrente qu’il faut des mécanismes spécifiques pour trouver une solution durable. Le présent article essaye d’intégrer les règles relatives à la gestion des ressources forestières en milieu rural, leur pérennisation en se basant sur la politique de reboisement afin d’éviter ces genres des conflits entre clans proches qui sont du reste frères.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the psychological effects of FIFA, PES, and Clash of Clans games on young men at risk of developing internet gaming disorder (IGD). Methods: The sample consisted of 150 young men, 50 of whom were in the FIFA and PES group, 50 in the Clash of Clans group, and 50 in the control group. Two groups of young men at risk of developing IGD were compared with a control group. The participants completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI), Game Addiction Scale, and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Findings: The results of the study showed that the scores of mental health problems, conflict with friends, and executive function problems in the Clash of Clans group were significantly higher than those of the FIFA, PES, and control groups. Concerning conflict with parents, the FIFA group had a higher score than the Clash of Clans and control groups. In addition, the results indicated that gaming addiction affects mental health by affecting executive functions. Conclusion: The Clash of Clans game has more negative effects on psychological functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid transfer between organelles requires proteins that shield the hydrophobic portions of lipids as they cross the cytoplasm. In the last decade a new structural form of lipid transfer protein (LTP) has been found: long hydrophobic grooves made of beta-sheet that bridge between organelles at membrane contact sites. Eukaryotes have five families of bridge-like LTPs: VPS13, ATG2, SHIP164, Hobbit and Tweek. These are unified into a single superfamily through their bridges being composed of just one domain, called the repeating beta groove (RBG) domain, which builds into rod shaped multimers with a hydrophobic-lined groove and hydrophilic exterior. Here, sequences and predicted structures of the RBG superfamily were analyzed in depth. Phylogenetics showed that the last eukaryotic common ancestor contained all five RBG proteins, with duplicated VPS13s. The current set of long RBG protein appears to have arisen in even earlier ancestors from shorter forms with 4 RBG domains. The extreme ends of most RBG proteins have amphipathic helices that might be an adaptation for direct or indirect bilayer interaction, although this has yet to be tested. The one exception to this is the C-terminus of SHIP164, which instead has a coiled-coil. Finally, the exterior surfaces of the RBG bridges are shown to have conserved residues along most of their length, indicating sites for partner interactions almost all of which are unknown. These findings can inform future cell biological and biochemical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the first century of Australia's colonization, settler thanatopolitics meant both casual killing of individual Natives and organized massacres of Aboriginal clans. From the mid-nineteenth century, however, Aboriginal Protection Boards sought to disappear their charges by more covert means. Thus, biopolitics of biological absorption, cultural assimilation, and child removal, designed to bring about the destruction of Aboriginal peoples, came to be represented as being in the victims' best interests. Even today, coercive assimilation is framed in the now-threadbare terms of welfare discourse. Yet, Australia's Indigenous peoples have survived the genocidal practices of the frontier era and continue to resist the relentless succession of normative policies deployed to eradicate their “recalcitrant” lifeways. This essay presents a brief historical overview of settler Australia's biopolitics and analyzes the sociocultural factors enabling Aboriginal Australians both to survive the devastating impact of settler biopower and to resist the siren call of assimilationist rhetoric. Drawing on Kim Scott's Benang and Alexis Wright's Plains of Promise, I discuss how that resistance is reflected in contemporary Indigenous life-writing and fiction.

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social relationships, including marriage, were regulated by ecclesiastical and secular laws as well as by customs in Georgian society. Various kinds of prohibitions existed. Today majority of the customs are lost because of globalization. However, customs concerning marriage restrictions are relatively well preserved in people’s memory. Different clans that do not marry each other were revealed by the ethnological research in historical-ethnographic region of Georgia — Samegrelo. Breaking marriage restriction by different socially related groups was strictly prohibited. Moreover, in some cases, clans or lineages which became relatives artificially had to follow the same strict rules of marriage prohibition. Different clans, lineages and patronymies studied by the ethnographic research conducted on the field, revealed the strength of the customs even today. The result of the research revealed, that prohibitive factors of marriage between different clans, lineages or patronymies were customary rules in Samegrelo, such are “ginochama”, serving to the same shrine, becoming relatives via Christianity and etc. However, marriage prohibition determined by Christianity affected only to minor lineages and patronymies rather than the big ones or clans. The memory of common origin is inhibitive factor of marriage, but not prohibitive similarly to the memory of past social inequality.

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article shows the history of the heyday and decline of the four highest clans of the Southern Chinese Eastern Jin dynasty (Wang, Xie, Yu and Huan clans), which alternately with varying degrees of success acted as the second most powerful clan in the entire Eastern Jin Empire when the central power ceased to be a self-sufficient force and badly needed the support of noble clans (strong houses). The purpose of the study is to identify the main factors of the political longevity of the highest clans of the period under review. The methodology of this study includes the method of prosopographic and historical-genetic analysis of the four highest clans of the Eastern Jin era, between which there was a continuous and merciless political struggle for the highest civil and military posts in the Eastern Jin Empire. The perspective of clan issues and inter-clan relations in Jin history lies in the possibility of a detailed reconstruction of the specific historical context of the most important events in the history of China in the 4th‒5th centuries AD and will contribute to the development of elitology of early medieval China. As a result of the analysis of the history of the development of the four clans, it was concluded that the Wang clan achieved the greatest success during the Eastern Jin period, which was able to move from the local level of politics to the level of the Eastern Jin Empire. The very factor of the clan structures of Chinese society had a significant double impact on the historical and political process of the period of the Jin Empire, as well as the era of the Southern and Northern dynasties in general. The duality lies in the fact that, on the one hand, the continuous strife between the regional branches of the Sima clan (the revolt of the eight princes) undermined the basis of the power of the all-Chinese empire of Western Jin from the inside, and on the other hand, the same clan structures in combination with rather strong compatriot ties (the alliance of the regional branch of the ruling Clan Sima and the local noble clan Wang) allowed the ruling house of Sima to retain supreme power and minimized the loss of the Chinese ethnos in a troubled and turbulent era. The system of the highest clans of the Jin era, in fact, developed as a result of the abandonment of the Han institute of examinations for officials, which prevented the highest clans from distributing among themselves the most important posts in the empire.

The Kingdom of Kongo is blessed both with a large volume of written documentation reaching back to the late fifteenth century, and a rich volume of oral traditions set to writing in the twentieth century. However, marrying these two has proved a difficult problem as the written material seem to relate a typical history of kings and battles, while the traditions outline migrations and village settings. This work demonstrates how the modern oral traditions, usually used to reconstruct early periods in the kingdom's history, actually relates to events in the last century of its existence, outlining the break of the kingdom's provincial structure into hereditary independent units; followed by the emergence of new "entrepreneurial" nobles who built their own political structures, and finally lists of villages and stopping point for people engaging in the long distance trade of the nineteenth century. Keywords: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflict in Somalia has been one of the most complex to analyze because of the particularities of clan and inter-clan relations within its society. The country has experienced a long period of political instability as a result of the intensification of the civil war that had its expression in such clan differences, which led to the balkanization or “disintegration” of Somalia following the emergence of autonomous “states”. In this context, Al Shabaab came to play a crucial role. This terrorist organization has been active since 2010 and operates in the rural areas of south-central Somalia. Since 2012, there has been a gradual return to institutionality, with the holding of two elections that have taken into account these particularities of Somali society. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how a gradual and weak process of restructuring of political institutionality has been achieved in Somalia, based on a relative balance of power and political stabilization, despite security problems such as terrorism and inter-clan contradictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of College of Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Horses and chariots—and the associated technology and expertise—derived from the steppe contributed to the success of the Zhou conquest of the Shang in c. 1045 BC and remained important throughout Zhou rule in ancient China. On the basis of material cultural patterns, including the style and material used in bridle cheek-pieces found in tombs of the late second and early first millennium BC, this paper points to a northern origin for Zhou horses. Important intermediaries, providing these horses, were the clans whose cemeteries have been identified on the northern edges of the Central Plains. The necessity for repeated exchanges bringing south horses from the north was a consequence of key environmental differences between the steppe and the Central Plains, including climate, geomorphology, essential soil nutrients, and land use. These created significant difficulties in sustainably breeding and pasturing horses of quality. As a result, the people of the Central Plains were bound, over millennia, to seek horses from the northwest, along a cultural corridor that also moved northern materials and technologies, such as gold-, iron- and some bronze-working, into the Central Plains from the steppes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Where there is little trust, can there be self-transcendence? Can one strive for openness as well as closeness between tribes? Preference to trust own clan members is much higher among Mediterranean peoples than among Germanic ones. In both Germanic and Mediterranean clusters, trusting behaviours follow culturally determined kinship patterns that are slow to change, so much so that the different Mediterranean and Germanic trust patterns still show between Latin America and the USA. Germanic managerial techniques rest on Germanic trusting behaviours that are relatively lacking in the Mediterranean cluster, among whom Germanic managerial techniques lose efficacy and self-transcendence might be a riskier path to take. Clan-friendly management among Mediterranean peoples, including rewards more readily focused on needs, teamwork and citizenship behaviour, require less controls, bringing about faster alignment and more agile organizations. These reflections are relevant to manage North African migrants into Europe, as they are to manage Latin Americans into the USA.

This article aims to analyze the recently developed strategies in Spain to combat the criminal activities of family clans dedicated to organized crime from police, criminal, and procedural perspectives. It also presents a series of preventive measures aimed to preclude the advent and consolidation of these family clans. The methodology used consisted in consulting open sources in published doctrinal works and press articles concerning the family clan phenomenon. It also used information obtained from an interview with an agent of the Spanish National Police, which yielded new first-hand information on police and criminal measures in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the ways in which emergent police forces in conflict-affected Southern societies are shaped by cultural practices operating through social phenomena. It uses the record of the prototypical police forces found in the Somali cities of Kismayo and Baidoa, 2014-2017, to explore the ways in which culture, power relations and local realities -- in this case, clan-based calculations, Somali and international politics, and physical insecurity -- influence police development. It draws on the cities' experience of a donor-funded "basic policing" programme to identify the motivating forces shaping police evolution in a society familiar with many aspects of conventional policing operations and vocabulary but positioned at the opposite end of the technical and institutional spectrum to those shaping police studies' canonical literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]