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151 results on '"*CHINCHILLIDAE"'

1. Pan-Chinchillidae, a Once Diverse Clade

Author: Rasia, Luciano Luis, Rasia, Luciano Luis, editor, Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo, editor, and Acuña, Francisco, editor
Published: 2024
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2. Cavioids, chinchilloids, and erethizontoids (Hystricognathi, Rodentia, Mammalia) of the early Miocene Pampa Castillo fauna, Chile

Author: McGrath, Andrew J., Chick, Jennifer, Croft, Darin A., Dodson, Holly E., Flynn, John J. (John Joseph), 1955, Wyss, André R., American Museum of Natural History Library, McGrath, Andrew J., Chick, Jennifer, Croft, Darin A., Dodson, Holly E., Flynn, John J. (John Joseph), 1955, and Wyss, André R.
Subjects: Caviidae, Caviomorpha, Chile, Chinchillidae, Erethizontidae, Fossils, Miocene, Paleontology
Published: 2022

3. The virtual brain endocast of Incamys bolivianus: insight from the neurosensory system into the adaptive radiation of South American rodents.

Author: Bertrand, Ornella C., Lang, Madlen M., Ferreira, José D., Kerber, Leonardo, Kynigopoulou, Zoi, and Silcox, Mary T.
Subjects: ADAPTIVE radiation, RODENTS, SIZE of brain, ACTING auditions, OLIGOCENE Epoch
Abstract: Caviomorph rodents are endemic to South America and are one of the most adaptively diverse radiations of rodents today. Although their origin and diversification have been intensively studied, questions still remain about many of the details of where, when and how the group radiated. One area of continuing debate relates to the evolution of their neurosensory system. Modern caviomorphs exhibit a rich brain shape and size diversity. So far the oldest species for which endocranial data are known is dated to the Early Miocene. Here, we describe the virtual brain endocast of the late Oligocene stem chinchillid Incamys bolivianus from Bolivia and provide new hypotheses regarding the ancestral brain of Chinchillidae and Caviomorpha more broadly. Caviomorph rodents, independent from other rodent clades, acquired an expanded neocortex and their common ancestor was probably lissencephalic or had few sulci. Incamys uniquely combines extended neocortical temporal lobes and exposed caudal colliculi, which have roles in audition and vocalization processing. We interpret this morphology as evidence for enhanced auditory acuity, vocalization processing and potentially group‐living in Incamys, which is known in modern members of the Chinchillidae family. No temporal effect was found on relative brain size in South American mammals; however, our sample is limited to available brain endocasts and as such remains small and unevenly distributed taxonomically and temporally. Incamys provides crucial insight into the evolution of the caviomorph brain and shows that we still have much to explore regarding how these small mammals achieved one the most impressive adaptive radiations of the Cenozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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4. New record of the rare viscacha Lagidium wolffsohni (Thomas, 1907) in northern Patagonia, Chile

Author: Fernando J. Novoa, Gabriel Gómez, Diego Ojeda, and Andrés Diez
Subjects: Andes, camera traps, Chinchillidae, Cochamo, distribution, Oceanography, GC1-1581, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract: Few records of Lagidium wolffsohni exist in both Chile and Argentina. Through camera traps, we obtained a new record of L. wolffsohni in northern Patagonia, Chile. We also describe its feeding activity and other behavioral aspects.
Published: 2024

5. Caviomorph rodents from the Pampean region (Argentina) in the historical Santiago Roth Collection in Switzerland.

Author: Kerber, Leonardo
Abstract: Here I reviewed the Pleistocene caviomorphs collected by Santiago Roth (collection from Catalog No. 5) and housed at the paleontological collection of the Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Zurich (Switzerland). The fossils were found in Pleistocene strata from Buenos Aires and Santa Fé provinces (Argentina) during the late nineteenth century. The material includes craniomandibular remains assigned to Lagostomus maximus (Chinchilloidea: Chinchillidae), craniomandibular and postcranial (thoracic and sacral vertebra, left scapula, left femur, and right tibia) bones identified as Dolichotis sp. (Cavioidea: Caviidae), and a fragmented hemimandible and isolated tooth of Myocastor sp. (Octodontoidea: Echimyidae). Other rodent specimens from this collection (Ctenomys sp. and Cavia sp.) are possibly sub-recent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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6. REASSESSING THE FOSSIL RECORD OF LAGOSTOMUS INCISUS AMEGHINO, 1888 (RODENTIA, CAVIOMORPHA) FROM THE LATE NEOGENE OF SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA

Author: Luciano Luis Rasia
Subjects: Cenozoic, Pliocene, Biostratigraphy, Argentina, Uruguay, Chinchillidae, Fossil man. Human paleontology, GN282-286.7, Paleontology, QE701-760
Abstract: The extinct vizcacha Lagostomus incisus is a particular rodent recorded in Pliocene sediments of Buenos Aires Province (Argentina), including the montehermosan “Irenean” Fauna and Monte Hermoso Formation, and the chapadmalalan Chapadmalal Formation. Its characteristic skull and cheek teeth anatomy permit to easily identify it even with fragmentary material. In this work, the fossil record of L. incisus is reassessed, being recognized in several units where it had not been reported before: the Unit B of the Saldungaray Formation, the Quequén Grande Local Fauna, and the Barker Formation in Buenos Aires Province (Argentina), and the San José Member of the Raigón Formation in Maldonado Department (Uruguay). These new records extend the distribution of L. incisus to most of central Buenos Aires Province in Argentina and southern Uruguay. Additionally, the recent radiometric dates of some of the units with records of L. incisus permit to confidently limit the temporal range of this species to the late early–early late Pliocene.
Published: 2021
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7. Primer reporte de albinismo en vizcacha Lagidium viscacia (Rodentia: Chinchillidae) en los Andes de Perú

Author: Yulina Pelaez-Tapia, José R. Ayerbe, Alejandro Portillo, and Luis Mamani
Subjects: albinismo, apurímac, chinchillidae, lagidium viscacia, mamíferos, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Se documenta el primer registro de albinismo de vizcacha (Lagidium viscacia) con base en dos individuos avistados en el departamento de Apurímac, en Perú. Este registro representa el primer reporte de albinismo en la familia Chinchillidae.
Published: 2021
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8. A new species of Wellcomia (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) in the plains viscacha (Rodentia: Chinchillidae) from Argentina, an emended diagnosis and an update of the genus Wellcomia.

Author: Canova, Victoria, del Rosario Robles, María, and Abba, Agustín Manuel
Subjects: *NEMATODES, *RODENTS, *DIAGNOSIS, *SPECIES
Abstract: Wellcomia species (Oxyuridae, Syphaciinae) parasitise several families of rodents from Africa, Asia and America with diverse ecological characteristics. A new species of Wellcomia is described based on specimens obtained from the plains viscacha Lagostomus maximus (Chinchillidae) from Argentina. The description includes morphometric and ecological aspects and an emended diagnosis of the genus Wellcomia. In addition, a molecular characterisation (18S rRNA) and an exploratory analysis of the genetic distances of the species included in this genus are provided. The new species, Wellcomia hugoti n. sp., differs from other species of the genus in the morphology of the cephalic plate, the ventral rugose area in males and the vulva in females. The new species showed a low prevalence (7.7%) and a high mean abundance (73.8). The genetic distances detected do not allow a comprehensive assessment of the monophyly of the genus. This is the seventh record of this genus in rodents from the Americas, the second in rodents from Argentina and the first record for the family Chinchillidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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9. Diet selection and habitat use by the mountain vizcacha (Lagidium viscacia) in the Southern Andean Precordillera (Argentina).

Author: Puig, Silvia, Rosi, María I., Videla, Fernando, and Seitz, Viviana P.
Subjects: *HABITAT selection, *HABITAT partitioning (Ecology), *CAVES, *MOUNTAINS, *ANIMAL feeds, *SANDY soils, *MOUNTAIN soils
Abstract: Lagidium viscacia is considered as a fragile species with patchy distribution, a strict habitat specialist and an obligatory diet specialist. The Southern Andean Precordillera constitutes an interesting environment to analyze the species' presence across the altitudinal gradient. Diet selection and habitat use were studied in the summit plateau, characterized by rigorous conditions and vegetation representative of the Southern Puna. Pellet groups were counted in transects perpendicular to rock formations, and diet and vegetation were seasonally analyzed using microhistological analysis and point-quadrat transects. Vizcachas were strictly associated with rock formations at middle and high altitudes, with higher occurrence on the mountain summit where grasslands surrounded the rock formations. Vizcachas avoided shrubs associated with rock formations and preferred grasses on sandy soils. Phenological changes slightly affected the selective diet that involves a considerable search effort and risky feeding activity. Puna grasslands constituted attractive feeding places where L. viscacia's activity decreased with distance from rock shelters as expected for a central-place forager. Habitat partitioning allows coexistence with Ctenomys mendocinus, despite the high dietary overlap between these central-place species. The high mobility and broad diet of Lama guanicoe reduce the competition risk. Lepus europaeus preferred shrubs and forbs, determining a discrete dietary overlap with vizcachas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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10. Upper molar morphology, homologies and evolutionary patterns of chinchilloid rodents (Mammalia, Caviomorpha).

Author: Rasia, Luciano Luis and Candela, Adriana M.
Subjects: *CAVIOMORPHA, *DINOMYIDAE, *CHINCHILLIDAE, *CHINCHILLAS, *LAGOSTOMUS
Abstract: Chinchilloidea are a clade of caviomorph rodents that includes seven living species, the Dinomyidae Dinomys branickii, the Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus, two species of Chinchilla and three species of Lagidium. In addition, two extinct families are traditionally considered chinchilloids – Neoepiblemidae and Cephalomyidae. The phylogeny of the Chinchilloidea has so far not been well established and is based on partial analyses. Studying the anatomy and ontogeny of extinct and extant taxa, we propose homologies for the upper molars of Chinchilloidea for which these homologies have not been previously proposed: that is the Chinchillidae Prolagostomus, Lagostomus, Lagidium and Chinchilla, and the Neoepiblemidae Neoepiblema and Phoberomys. We identify patterns of occlusal simplification within Chinchilloidea and evaluate its importance in an evolutionary context. A phylogenetic analysis recovered Dinomyidae, Chinchillidae and Neoepiblemidae as clades. 'Cephalomyidae' have not been not recovered as a monophyletic group and 'cephalomyids' are closely related to Neoepiblemidae. Branisamys is not included within the Dinomyidae and appears to be a basal chinchilloid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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11. Prenatal development in <scp> Lagostomus maximus </scp> (Rodentia, Chinchillidae): A unique case among eutherian mammals of physiological embryonic death

Author: Francisco Acuña, Mirta Alicia Flamini, Maria Angélica Miglino, Claudio Gustavo Barbeito, and Enrique Leo Portiansky
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Plains viscacha, MORTE FETAL EM ANIMAL, food.ingredient, Rodentia, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Pregnancy, Animals, Chinchillidae, Estrous cycle, Lagostomus, biology, Eutheria, Uterus, Decidualization, biology.organism_classification, Hormones, Placentation, Prenatal development, Resorption, 030104 developmental biology, Gestation, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Embryonic death followed by resorption is a conserved process in mammals. Among the polyovular species, Lagostomus maximus (plains viscacha) constitutes a model of early and physiological embryonic death, since out of a total of 10-12 implants, 8-10 are resorbed during early/intermediate gestation, surviving are only the most caudal implantations of each uterine horn. This regular reproductive event is unique to this species, but many characteristics of the implantations during the early gestation of L. maximus, when embryonic death processes begin are unknown. The aim of the present work was to analyze the implantation sites of this species using morphological, morphometric, histochemical, lectinhistochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques to infer the possible causes of this event. Macroscopically, the length and width of the implantation sites significantly increased in a craniocaudal direction. Histochemically, the implantation sites did not differ in the expression of glycoconjugates and glycosidic residues. Furthermore, no variations were observed in cell renewal, hormone receptor expression, and decidualization. Both the glandular and vascular areas of the implantation sites significantly increased in the craniocaudal axis. Some necrotic cells and an inflammatory response with a predominance of lymphocytes and fibrin were observed in the cranial and middle but not in the caudal implantation sites. We conclude that signs of embryonic death and resorption are already observed in the early gestation of L. maximus. Our results reaffirm the hypothesis that postulates the key potential role of uterine glands and blood vessels in the gestation of the species, with emphasis on embryonic death. This pattern of embryonic death in L. maximus makes this species an unconventional mammalian model, which adds to the peculiarities of polyovulation (200-800 oocytes/estrus) and hemochorial placentation.
Published: 2021
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12. Updated habitat suitability estimates and conservation implications for the short-tailed chinchilla Chinchilla chinchilla (Lichtenstein, 1830) (Rodentia: Chinchillidae)

Author: Daniela Arenas-Viveros, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, and John Stuhler
Subjects: Ecological niche, biology, business.industry, Range (biology), Ecology, Niche, Endangered species, Distribution (economics), General Medicine, Chinchilla chinchilla, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Habitat, business, Chinchillidae
Abstract: The short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) is a species classified as endangered throughout its distribution and for which neither a conservation nor management plan exists. Ecological niche models (ENMs) allow detection of potential areas of occurrence for species that are rare and/or of conservation interest. Here, we built and evaluated a suite of ENMs that incorporated new records for the species in Bolivia and removed those whose veracity could not be confirmed to provide an updated estimate of the extent of suitable habitat for C. chinchilla. Following model selection based on partial ROC, omission rate, and AICc, we then projected our top models across the historical distribution of C. chinchilla to identify locations of potentially suitable habitat. An ensemble of top models highlighted suitable habitat in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru, with values of probability of suitable habitat up to 0.72. Together, these results demonstrate that suitable habitat still exists across the historical range of this species, provide insight into the climatic niche of this species, and highlight areas across the four countries for which future surveys of wild populations may be worthwhile.
Published: 2020
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13. Posiciones tróficas de pequeños mamíferos en Chile: una revisión Trophic position of small mammals in Chile: a review

Author: SERGIO I. SILVA
Subjects: micromamíferos, posición trófica, dieta, Muridae, Octodontidae, Caviidae, Chinchillidae, Abrocomidae, Marsupialia, Chile, small mammals, trophic position, diet, marsupials, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Revisé la información sobre la dieta de 25 especies de micromamíferos que habitan en Chile, y que ha sido publicada en once artículos científicos. Dividí el aporte de cada ítem alimentario en cinco categorías: hongos, tejido vegetal, semillas, frutos e insectos. Esto me permitió representar la información documentada en la forma de diagramas De Finetti en el cual la posición trófica de una especie se representa por un punto en un triángulo equilátero. Para determinar con un criterio estadístico las líneas de corte dentro del diagrama De Fenetti realicé análisis de correspondencia. Este análisis permitió agrupar las especies en seis grupos de categorías tróficas: herbívoro, insectívoro, omnívoro, seminívoro-frugívoro, herbívoro/seminívoro-frugívoro, herbívoro/insectívoro. Los hábitos alimentarios de las especies pertenecientes a la familia Muridae incorporan dietas mixtas con una fluctuación porcentual de cada ítem, cambiando sus hábitos alimentarios significativamente entre localidades. Las especies A. bennetti, A. cinerea, A. andinus, C. lanigera, L. viscacia, M. niata, O. bridgesi y Thylamys elegans incorporan dietas constituidas solo por un ítem, cuya representatividad fue mayor al 90 %.I reviewed dietary information of 25 species of small mammals inhabiting Chile and published in 11 scientific articles. I divided the contribution of each food item in five categories: fungi, vegetation, seeds, fruits and insects. This approach allowed me to represent the information documented in the form of De Finetti diagrams, in which the trophic position of a species is represented by a point in an equilateral triangle. Through correspondence analysis, I determined statistically the groups inside the diagram De Fenetti. This analysis allowed me to group the species in seven trophic categories: herbivorous, insectivorous, omnivorous, granivorous-frugivorous, herbivorous/granivorous-frugivorous, herbivorous/insectivorous. Food habits of species in Muridae family incorporate mixed diets with a percentage fluctuation of each item, changing its food habits significantly among localities. The species A. bennetti, A. cinerea, A. andinus, C. lanigera, L. viscacia, M. niata, O. bridgesi and Thylamys elegans incorporate monospecific diets with representativeness of 90 % of consumed item
Published: 2005

14. Morphological and morphometrical aspects of intima and media of the common, external and internal iliac arteries in Chinchilla lanigera (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) bred in captivity

Author: Vasile Rus, Cristian Martonos, Aurel Damian, F. Stan, M. Viorel, and G. Alexandru
Subjects: Chinchilla, Iliac artery, chinchilla, Captivity, Anatomy, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Chinchilla lanigera, Common iliac artery, vascular, posthoc, biology.animal, medicine.artery, morphology, lcsh:Zoology, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, morphometrical, Animal Science and Zoology, lcsh:QL1-991, iliac artery, Chinchillidae
Abstract: The paper approaches deal with fine differential morphological and morphometrical aspects of the structure of three main blood vessels in Chinchilla lanigera: the common iliac artery, the internal iliac artery and the external iliac artery. A series of morphological assessments combined with morphometrical data of the intimal layer, dimensions of the media of the vessels, number of elastic laminae and characteristics observed, alow an interesting conclusion when data is regarded in the light of the classical division of the vessels – of muscular, elastic or transitional type. A complex statistical approach (PostHoc tests) is added to highlight some fine differences in terms of metrical data among these three arteries. The complex statistical investigation brings some interesting facts in terms of series resemblances, leading to a reasonable conclusion that the transition from elastic to muscular type of arteries should not be regarded inflexibly, arteries sharing different features, depending on anatomical sector and species.
Published: 2020

15. A new chinchilloid (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the early Miocene of the localities of Bryn Gwyn and Gran Barranca (Patagonia, Argentina)

Author: María Honrubia Pérez, Felipe Busker, and María Teresa Dozo
Subjects: COLHUEHUAPIAN, 010506 paleontology, 060101 anthropology, biology, Phylogenetic tree, PHYLOGENY, Fauna, Hystricognathi, General Engineering, Zoology, 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Incertae sedis, Paleontología, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, PATAGONIA, Geography, Taxon, CHINCHILLOIDEA, SYSTEMATIC, 0601 history and archaeology, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Chinchillidae, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A new genus and species of chinchilloid rodent is described here. It was found in Colhuehuapian levels (early Miocene) of the localities of Bryn Gwyn and Gran Barranca, Chubut Province, Argentina. The new taxon shows a unique combination of characters (e.g., protohypsodont teeth, upper molars trilophodont, m1 and m2 tri- or tetralophodont with the second crest in position of variable development, and m3 trilophodont, cement absent) that make it different from any other known chinchilloids. We performed a phylogenetic analysis to corroborate the relationships of the new taxon within the Chinchilloidea. Our results indicate that the new taxon is best classified as Chinchilloidea incertae sedis, together with Incamys, Garridomys, and Scotamys. These species form the basal stock that leads to the modern lineage Chinchillidae (chinchillas and viscachas). The presence of the new taxon in these localities increases the diversity of chinchilloids during the early Miocene and reduces the dissimilarity between the faunas found in Bryn Gwyn and Gran Barranca. Un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espèce de rongeur chinchilloïde sont ici décrits. Celui-ci a été trouvé dans les niveaux colhuéhuapiens (Miocène inférieur des localités de Bryn Gwyn et de Gran Baranca, province de Chubut, Argentine). Le nouveau taxon montre une combinaison unique de caractères (à savoir, dents protohypsodontes, molaires supérieures trilophodontes, m1 et m2 tri- ou tétralophodontes avec la seconde crête en position de développement variable et m3 trilophodonte, ciment absent) qui le rend différent de tous les autres chinchilloïdes connus. Une analyse phylogénétique a été réalisée pour confirmer les relations du nouveau taxon au sein des Chinchilloidea. Nos résultats montrent que le nouveau taxon se classe au mieux en tant que Chinchilloida incertae sedis, avec Incamys, Garridomys et Scotamys. Ces espèces forment le stock basal qui conduit à la lignée moderne des Chinchillidae (chinchillas et viscachas). La présence du nouveau taxon dans ces localités augmente la diversité des chinchilloïdes pendant le Miocène inférieur et réduit la différence entre les faunes trouvées à Bryn Gwyn et à Gran Barranca. Fil: Busker, Felipe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina Fil: Pérez, María E.. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina Fil: Dozo, María T.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina
Published: 2019
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16. Primer reporte de albinismo en vizcacha Lagidium viscacia (Rodentia: Chinchillidae) en los Andes de Perú

Author: Pelaez-Tapia, Yulina, Ayerbe, José R., Portillo, Alejandro, and Mamani , Luis
Subjects: mamíferos, Albinism, Apurímac, mammals, Lagidium viscacia, Chinchillidae, Albinismo
Abstract: We report the first record of albinism in vizcacha (Lagidium viscacia) based on two adult individuals sighted in department of Apurímac, in Peru. This record represents the first report of albinism in Chinchillidae., Se documenta el primer registro de albinismo de vizcacha (Lagidium viscacia) con base en dos individuos avistados en el departamento de Apurímac, en Perú. Este registro representa el primer reporte de albinismo en la familia Chinchillidae.
Published: 2021
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17. Modern plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus, Chinchillidae, Rodentia) as a bone accumulating agent in the Argentine Pampas: Application to the study of fossiliferous sites

Author: Yolanda Fernández-Jalvo, Marta S. Kin, Rodrigo Leandro Tomassini, Mariana Carolina Garrone, Claudia I. Montalvo, and Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (Argentina)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Lagostomus, food.ingredient, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, biology, Argentina, Zoología, Ornitología, Entomología, Etología, Plains vizcacha, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Actualistic taphonomy, Archeological sites, Ciencias Biológicas, Vizcacheras, Geography, food, Paleontological sites, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Chinchillidae, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia, Chinchillidae), or Plains vizcacha, is a caviomorph rodent that inhabits semiarid grasslands and desert scrub of central and northern Argentina, southern Paraguay and southeastern Bolivia. A particular behavior of the Plains vizcacha is the collection and transport of bones, dried dung and branches, among other objects, which are accumulated near the vizcacheras entrances. A bone concentration, originated in active vizcacheras of the southwestern Buenos Aires Province (Argentina), was studied from a taphonomic point of view for one year. The obtained results reflect that Plains vizcacha represents an important bone accumulating agent in the Argentine Pampas, and it is capable of producing large concentrations. Moreover, their vizcacheras act as natural traps that may favor the accumulation and preservation of the bone remains. The information obtained through this actualistic study provides new information on the ecology of this rodent and, in turn, introduces a framework of reference for the identification of similar concentrations in the fossil record., This work was supported by Project05-Gof Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNLPam, Argentina.
Published: 2019
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18. Histochemistry of the zona pellucida of the ovary of a species with natural polyovulation: Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia, Hystricomorpha, Chinchillidae)

Author: Claudio Gustavo Barbeito, Alcira Ofelia Díaz, Mirta Alicia Flamini, Enrique Leo Portiansky, Francisco Acuña, and María Florencia Tano de la Hoz
Subjects: Ovulation, Plains viscacha, endocrine system, food.ingredient, HYSTRICOGNATHI, PLAINS VISCACHA, Rodentia, Ovary, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Ciencias Biológicas, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, food, Ovarian Follicle, Pregnancy, Lectins, medicine, Animals, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Zona pellucida, OVARIAN FOLLICLES, Zona Pellucida, Chinchillidae, Lagostomus, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, biology, Histocytochemistry, GLYCOCONJUGATES, 0402 animal and dairy science, Lectin, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Viscacha, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, medicine.anatomical_structure, Follicular Phase, biology.protein, Female, Otros Tópicos Biológicos, Animal Science and Zoology, Hystricomorpha, OVULATION, Glycoconjugates, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Biotechnology
Abstract: This study reports the histochemistry and the distribution of glycoconjugates (GCs) in the zona pellucida (ZP) of preantral, secondary, tertiary, polyovulatory and atretic follicles of ovaries from non-pregnant (NPr) and pregnant (Pr) females of Lagostomus maximus. GCs were studied using histochemical and lectin histochemical methods. The viscacha ZP was positive to all the histochemical techniques. In addition, it was observed that the intensity of staining of the ZP was constant in the different follicular stages between both female groups. The lectin histochemical study revealed that ZP was positive for certain lectins (WGA, RCA-I and CON-A) and that the labelling did not vary between the different follicular stages, but between the two groups of females. By using both histochemical techniques, it was established that the GCs present in the ZP label the complexity of the area. These results allow us to increase our knowledge on the biology of the viscacha's ovary, particularly contributing to the study of polyovulation. Fil: Acuña, Francisco. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina Fil: Tano de la Hoz, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina Fil: Díaz, Alcira Ofelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina Fil: Portiansky, Enrique Leo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina Fil: Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina Fil: Flamini, Mirta Alicia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina
Published: 2018
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19. Parasitological study of mountain viscacha fecal pellets from patagonia over the last 1200 years (‘Cueva Peligro’, Chubut province, Argentina)

Author: Victoria Cañal, María Ornela Beltrame, Eleonor Tietze, and Daniela de Tommaso
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, Paleoparasitology, Anoplocephalidae, Paleopathology, Parasitic Diseases, Animal, LAGIDIUM VISCACIA, Argentina, Zoology, Rodentia, History, 18th Century, History, 21st Century, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Paleontología, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, History, 17th Century, Rodent Diseases, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Feces, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], HOLOCENE, Animals, Mountain viscacha, Chinchillidae, History, 15th Century, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Oxyuridae, Lagidium viscacia, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, biology.organism_classification, History, Medieval, Caves, PATAGONIA, Infectious Diseases, Trichuridae, History, 16th Century, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, PALEOPARASITOLOGY, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Oxyurida
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the parasite fauna present in mountain viscacha Lagidium viscacia (Caviomorpha, Chinchillidae) fecal pellets collected from 'Cueva Peligro', a cave located in Chubut province, Patagonia, Argentina, throughout the last 1200 years. A total of 84 samples were examined for parasites. Each pellet was whole processed: rehydrated, homogenized, sediment and examined using light microscopy. The samples and eggs of parasites present were described, measured and photographed. Thirty-eight samples tested positive for the nematodes Heteroxynema (Cavioxyura) viscaciae Sutton & Hugot, 1989, Helminthoxys effilatus Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1951 (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae), Trichuris sp. Roederer, 1761 (Trichinellida: Trichuridae) and one anoplocephalid species (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae). This is the first time that H. effilatus is reported from ancient times. Significant differences of parasite occurrences through this temporal period were recorded. Parasitic life cycles and their presence along the studied period are so discussed. Fil: Beltrame, María Ornela. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina Fil: Cañal, Victoria. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina Fil: Tietze, Eleonor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: de Tommaso, Daniela Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; Argentina
Published: 2018
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20. Cavioids, chinchilloids, and erethizontoids (Hystricognathi, Rodentia, Mammalia) of the early Miocene Pampa Castillo fauna, Chile

Author: McGrath, Andrew J., Chick, Jennifer, Croft, Darin A., Dodson, Holly E., Flynn, John J. (John Joseph), 1955, Wyss, André R., American Museum of Natural History Library, McGrath, Andrew J., Chick, Jennifer, Croft, Darin A., Dodson, Holly E., Flynn, John J. (John Joseph), 1955, and Wyss, André R.
Subjects: Caviidae, Caviomorpha, Chile, Chinchillidae, Erethizontidae, Fossils, Miocene, Paleontology

21. Cavioids, chinchilloids, and erethizontoids (Hystricognathi, Rodentia, Mammalia) of the early Miocene Pampa Castillo fauna, Chile

Author: McGrath, Andrew J., Chick, Jennifer, Croft, Darin A., Dodson, Holly E., Flynn, John J. (John Joseph), 1955, Wyss, André R., American Museum of Natural History Library, McGrath, Andrew J., Chick, Jennifer, Croft, Darin A., Dodson, Holly E., Flynn, John J. (John Joseph), 1955, and Wyss, André R.
Subjects: Caviidae, Caviomorpha, Chile, Chinchillidae, Erethizontidae, Fossils, Miocene, Paleontology

22. Immunoreactivity of S100β protein in the hippocampus of chinchilla.

Author: Krawczyk, Aleksandra, Rycerz, Karol, Szalak, Radosław, and Jaworska-Adamu, Jadwiga
Subjects: *BRAIN research, *HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain) proteins, *CHINCHILLAS, *CHINCHILLIDAE, *ASTROCYTES, *NEUROGLIA, *BRAIN function localization
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate S100β protein in astrocytes of CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus proper and the dentate gyrus with the hilus yet undefined in mature males of chinchilla. The presence of S100β was determined using indirect immunohistochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase method with specific monoclonal antibody against this protein. Most of the S100β-positive cells were detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and in the middle part of the hilus. In CA3 area, it was found that the most numerous cells with S100β are in stratum radiatum. In CA1 area, there were single astrocytes expressing this protein. This data demonstrates species differences and a large quantity of S100β immunoreactive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of chinchilla, which may be associated with structural reorganisation of the hippocampus and with neurogenesis, learning, and memorising process dependent on the hippocampus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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23. A New Early Miocene Chinchilloid Hystricognath Rodent; an Approach to the Understanding of the Early Chinchillid Dental Evolution.

Author: Kramarz, Alejandro, Vucetich, María, and Arnal, Michelle
Subjects: *CAVIOMORPHA, *CHINCHILLIDAE, *MIOCENE Epoch, *DINOMYS
Abstract: Chinchilloidea is an emblematical group of caviomorph rodents characterized by euhypsodont, laminated cheek teeth. Recent molecular analyses proposed that the extant Dinomys (and implicitly its fossil allies) is also part of this group. Their relationships with fossil caviomorphs with less derived dental features are still obscured by the deficiency of the fossil record documenting its early dental evolution. The new genus and species Garridomys curunuquem, from the early Miocene deposits of the Cerro Bandera Formation, northern Patagonia, is here described. It is represented by numerous mandible and maxillary remains with dentition. This species has protohypsodont cheek teeth with three transverse crests in all ontogenetic stages arranged in a transitory S-shaped pattern, resembling putative early dinomyids. Garridomys curunuquem is here interpreted as the sister group of the clade including the living and fossil chinchillids; both chinchillas and viscaccias would have diverged from a Garridomys-like ancestor and acquired hypsodonty independently. Garridomys and other chinchilloids would have diverged from the lineage leading to chinchillids in pre-Oligocene times, suggesting a very early, still poorly documented chinchilloid radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2013
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24. Systematic and biostratigraphic significance of a chinchillid rodent from the Pliocene of eastern Argentina.

Author: RASIA, LUCIANO LUIS and CANDELA, ADRIANA MAGDALENA
Subjects: *FOSSIL rodents, *FOSSIL mammals, *BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, *PALEOBIOLOGY, *PLIOCENE Epoch
Abstract: Two species of chinchillid rodents, Lagostomus (Lagostomopsis) incisus and "Lagostomus (Lagostomopsis) spicatus", have been recorded from the Monte Hermoso Formation (Montehermosan--Lower Chapadmalalan, Early Pliocene) of southern Buenos Aires Province, eastern Argentina. L. (L.) incisus is based on skull remains, while "L. (L.) spicatus" is based on mandible remains and fragmentary skulls. Detailed study of specimens recovered from the upper section of the Monte Hermoso Formation, from the Irene "Formation", and the Chapadmalal Formation (late Early--early Late Pliocene, Buenos Aires Province), some of them represented by associated skull and mandible remains, indicates that L. (L.) incisus and "L. (L.) spicatus" are synonymous, with the valid name being L. (L.) incisus. The differences between both nominal species are here attributed to different ontogenetic states and sexual dimorphism. The stratigraphic provenance of the fossil material of L. (L.) incisus indicates a temporal distribution of this species restricted to the Montehermosan?--Chapadmalalan (Early--early Late Pliocene), instead of the Montehermosan (Early Pliocene). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2013
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25. Effectiveness of fluoxetine to control fur-chewing behaviour in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera).

Author: Galeano, María G., Ruiz, Rubén D., Cuneo, Marta Fiol de, and Ponzio, Marina F.
Subjects: *FLUOXETINE, *MASTICATION, *CHINCHILLIDAE, *ANIMAL behavior, *ANIMAL welfare, *ORAL medicine
Abstract: Abstract: Due to its complexity and the relative lack of scientific reports, fur-chewing may be considered as one of the most challenging behavioural problems common to captive chinchillas. The development of this behaviour in commercial farms and the increasing popularity of this species as a pet have increased the public demands for a treatment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of fluoxetine to control the development of chinchillas’ fur-chewing behaviour, using an oral dose of 10mg/kg/day for a 90 days treatment period. For the measurement of the fur-chewing affected area and its variation during treatment as external sign of whether or not the behaviour was controlled, digital pictures were taken at 0, 45, 75 and 90 days of treatment and after drug withdrawal at 140 days. Results indicated that the greatest difference in percentages of body area affected by the behaviour in control vs. treated animals was observed after 75 days of treatment. However, this was not due to a decrease in the amount of body area affected by fur-chewing in treated animals, but conversely to an increase in the symptoms observed in control animals, that showed a ~10% increase in the fur-chewing affected body area than at the beginning of the experiments. Only ~46% of the fluoxetine treated animals showed a significant reduction in the body area affected by fur-chewing. In summary, the use of fluoxetine in fur-chewing chinchillas showed limited success, mostly reducing the progression of the behaviour. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2013
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26. Trophic preferences in an assemblage of mammal herbivores from Andean Puna (Northern Chile)

Author: Tirado, C., Cortés, A., Miranda-Urbina, E., and Carretero, M.A.
Subjects: *HERBACEOUS plants, *VICUNA, *HERBIVORES, *MAMMALS, *PLANT adaptation, *PLANT nutrients
Abstract: Abstract: The patterns of plant consumption and preference were assessed for three mammal herbivores, the rodents Abrocoma cinerea and Chinchilla brevicaudata, and the camelid Vicugna vicugna, co-occurring in the Andean Puna (Chile). The plant proportion in the diet estimated from faeces epidermic materials was compared to transect plant cover. Although the harsh climatic conditions constrained plant availability (low vegetation, xerophytic species rich in secondary metabolites and structural carbohydrates) none of the mammals consumed plants according to their availability, displaying adaptations for efficient plant processing. V. vicugna, with a broad trophic niche, consumed short grasses and secondarily shrubs; C. brevicaudata also combined herbaceous plants and shrubs; and A. cinerea was specialised in shrub-eating. Although trophic overlap between the first two species was moderate, interactions were minimised by the mobility and low-impact grazing of V. vicugna. It is suggested that the diet of the three species differed due to their dissimilar abilities for responding to concentrations of secondary metabolites. The plants preferred by C. brevicaudata and V. vicugna did not carry high nutritional content but rather low content of secondary compounds. Conversely, A. cinerea was able to excrete terpenes, with metabolic costs compensated by the high energetic content of the plants eaten. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2012
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27. New Middle Miocene Caviomorph Rodents from Quebrada Honda, Bolivia.

Author: Croft, Darin, Chick, Jennifer, and Anaya, Federico
Subjects: *RODENTS, *CHINCHILLIDAE, *CAVIIDAE, *CAVIOMORPHA, *MIOCENE paleoecology
Abstract: The rodents of the middle Miocene fauna of Quebrada Honda Bolivia are described. The most abundant rodent is the chinchillid Prolagostomus sp. More precise identification of this species will require revision of early to middle Miocene lagostomines, taking into account variation in modern populations. The next most common rodents are the tiny octodontoid Acarechimys, sp. nov.?, and the caviid Guiomys unica. The Acarechimys species may be unique to Quebrada Honda, but verification awaits revision of this geographically and temporally widespread genus. Guiomys unica is a recently described species otherwise known only from two Patagonian localities, El Petiso and Río Chico. Two rodents are unique to Quebrada Honda. Mesoprocta hypsodus, gen. et sp. nov., is a dasyproctid distinguished by its very hypsodont, cement-covered cheek teeth. Quebradahondomys potosiensis, gen. et sp. nov., is an adelphomyine echimyid distinguished by the less oblique lophids of its trilophodont cheek teeth, among other features. The rodents of Quebrada Honda are more similar to those of Patagonia than those of northern South America, paralleling patterns seen in other mammal groups from this fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011
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28. Sound pressure transformations by the head and pinnae of the adult Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)

Author: Koka, Kanthaiah, Jones, Heath G., Thornton, Jennifer L., Lupo, J. Eric, and Tollin, Daniel J.
Subjects: *SOUND pressure, *CHINCHILLIDAE, *SOUND waves, *PSYCHOPHYSICS, *TRANSFER functions, *VOCAL cues, *LABORATORY mice
Abstract: Abstract: There are three main cues to sound location: the interaural differences in time (ITD) and level (ILD) as well as the monaural spectral shape cues. These cues are generated by the spatial- and frequency-dependent filtering of propagating sound waves by the head and external ears. Although the chinchilla has been used for decades to study the anatomy, physiology, and psychophysics of audition, including binaural and spatial hearing, little is actually known about the sound pressure transformations by the head and pinnae and the resulting sound localization cues available to them. Here, we measured the directional transfer functions (DTFs), the directional components of the head-related transfer functions, for 9 adult chinchillas. The resulting localization cues were computed from the DTFs. In the frontal hemisphere, spectral notch cues were present for frequencies from ∼6–18 kHz. In general, the frequency corresponding to the notch increased with increases in source elevation as well as in azimuth towards the ipsilateral ear. The ILDs demonstrated a strong correlation with source azimuth and frequency. The maximum ILDs were <10 dB for frequencies <5 kHz, and ranged from 10–30 dB for the frequencies >5 kHz. The maximum ITDs were dependent on frequency, yielding 236 μs at 4 kHz and 336 μs at 250 Hz. Removal of the pinnae eliminated the spectral notch cues, reduced the acoustic gain and the ILDs, altered the acoustic axis, and reduced the ITDs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2011
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29. Electrophysiological correlates of progressive sensorineural pathology in carboplatin-treated chinchillas

Author: El-Badry, Mohamed M. and McFadden, Sandra L.
Subjects: *ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, *CHINCHILLAS, *PATHOLOGY, *CHINCHILLIDAE
Abstract: Abstract: Carboplatin produces progressive damage to auditory nerve fibers, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and inner hair cells (IHC) in the chinchilla cochlea but leaves outer hair cells intact. Within 1 h after injection, many afferent terminals beneath IHCs and myelin lamellae surrounding SGN processes are vacuolated. One day after injection, approximately half of the nerve fibers are missing. IHCs are intact at 2 days, but 20–30% are missing at 3 days. We studied the electrophysiological correlates of this progressive morphological damage by recording cochlear microphonics (CM), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), summating potentials (SP), compound action potentials (CAP) and midbrain evoked potentials (IC-EVP) before and 1 h, 12 h, 1 days, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days and 14 days after carboplatin injection (75 mg/kg IP) in four chinchillas. CM and DPOAEs tended to be unchanged or enhanced. CAP and SP showed little change until Day 3, when amplitudes were reduced in all animals and CAP thresholds were elevated by 9 dB; amplitudes declined further between Days 3 and 5 but not thereafter. IC-EVP amplitudes decreased on Days 3 or 5 but thresholds were relatively unchanged. All animals showed some recovery of IC-EVP between Days 7 and 14, including one with 70% enhancement on Day 14. The results indicate that threshold and amplitude measures fail to detect peripheral pathology until some relatively high threshold level of damage has been exceeded. This has important implications for monitoring peripheral damage and interpreting electrophysiological test results in animals and humans. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2007
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30. Taphonomy of modern communal burrow systems of the Plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus, Chinchillidae) in the Pampas region of Argentina: implications for the fossil record

Author: María Clara Alvarez, Daniel J. Rafuse, Cristian A. Kaufmann, María A. Gutiérrez, Agustina Massigoge, Nahuel A. Scheifler, and Mariela E. González
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Lagostomus, Historia y Arqueología, 010506 paleontology, food.ingredient, Taphonomy, Fossil Record, biology, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, Burrow, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Historia, BURROW, ACTUALISTIC TAPHONOMY, HUMANIDADES, food, BIOTURBATION, VIZCACHERAS, LAGOSTOMUS MAXIMUS, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Bioturbation, Chinchillidae, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus) is one of the largest rodents in South America. They live in communal burrow systems (vizcacheras) shaped by complex subterranean galleries which produce a strong impact on the local landscape. This paper presents the results of an actualistic study conducted with abandoned vizcacheras from the Pampas region of Argentina. The main objective is to evaluate the role of this rodent in the formation of the fossil record. Results indicate that the Plains vizcacha is responsible for the mixing, accumulation, and transport of materials; such as sticks, caliche, dung, feces, and abundant bone remains. Their burrowing activity and the accumulating habits, modifies the landscape, creating environments conducive to the buildup of objects and the reuse by different animals. These characteristics result in very complex associations of materials of different origins; making this rodent an important taphonomic agent with the potential to significantly impact the fossil record. Fil: Rafuse, Daniel Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina Fil: Kaufmann, Cristian Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina Fil: Gutierrez, Maria Amelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina Fil: Gonzalez, Mariela Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina Fil: Scheifler, Nahuel Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina Fil: Alvarez, María Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina Fil: Massigoge, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina
Published: 2017
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31. Structures that contribute to middle-ear admittance in chinchilla.

Author: Rosowski, John J., Ravicz, Michael E., and Songer, Jocelyn E.
Subjects: *CHINCHILLAS, *CHINCHILLIDAE, *TYMPANIC membrane, *MIDDLE ear, *TYMPANIC plexus, *EAR, *OTITIS media, *EAR ossicles
Abstract: We describe measurements of middle-ear input admittance in chinchillas ( Chinchilla lanigera) before and after various manipulations that define the contributions of different middle-ear components to function. The chinchilla’s middle-ear air spaces have a large effect on the low-frequency compliance of the middle ear, and removing the influences of these spaces reveals a highly admittant tympanic membrane and ossicular chain. Measurements of the admittance of the air spaces reveal that the high-degree of segmentation of these spaces has only a small effect on the admittance. Draining the cochlea further increases the middle-ear admittance at low frequencies and removes a low-frequency (less than 300 Hz) level dependence in the admittance. Spontaneous or sound-driven contractions of the middle-ear muscles in deeply anesthetized animals were associated with significant changes in middle-ear admittance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2006
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32. The effects of nembutal anesthesia on the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) from the inferior colliculus and auditory cortex of the chinchilla

Author: Szalda, Kathleen and Burkard, Robert
Subjects: *ANESTHESIA, *ELECTRODES, *CHINCHILLAS, *CHINCHILLIDAE
Abstract: Abstract: We examined the effects of nembutal anesthesia on the amplitude of the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) in the inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex (AC) of the chinchilla. Tungsten electrodes were chronically implanted following anesthesia with ketamine/acepromazine. After a recovery period, the chinchillas were placed in a passive restraining device and put in a sound-attenuating booth. Recordings were made from the right IC and AC simultaneously, while a two-tone stimulus was presented to the left ear. The stimuli consisted of two equal-level tones (F1 and F2) that were mixed acoustically; F1 remained constant at 2000 Hz, while F2 varied between 2029 and 2249 Hz, in steps of ∼20 Hz. The stimuli decreased in 10 dB steps from 80 to 30 dB pSPL. Animals were evaluated when unanesthetized, as well as when anesthetized with nembutal (on separate days). In the IC, the administration of nembutal resulted in either no change in ASSR amplitude or an amplitude increase for difference tone (DT) frequencies below 90 Hz, while an amplitude decrease was typically seen for DT frequencies at or above 90 Hz. In the AC, a decrease in amplitude was seen across DT frequencies and stimulus levels after the administration of nembutal anesthesia. Our results suggest that both the AC and IC may contribute to the scalp-recorded ASSR in the awake state. However, in the nembutal-anesthetized state, it seems unlikely that the AC contributes substantially to the surface-recorded ASSR, as the AC response was greatly attenuated under nembutal anesthesia. In contrast, the IC ASSR responses remained robust, which makes it a likely contributor to the surface-recorded responses under nembutal anesthesia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2005
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33. MOLECULAR DIVERGENCE AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF CHINCHILLIDS (RODENTIA: CHINCHILLIDAE).

Author: Spotorno, Angel E., Valladares, John P., Marin, Juan C., Palma, R. Eduardo, and Zuleta R., Carlos
Subjects: *PHYLOGENY, *CHINCHILLIDAE, *RODENTS, *DINOMYIDAE, *OCTODONTIDAE
Abstract: Molecular phylogenetic relationships were investigated in 6 species of Chinchillidae (Chinchilla lanigera, C. brevicaudata, Lagidium peruanum, L. viscacia, L. wolffsohni, and Lagostomus maximus), 1 species of Dinomyidae (Dinomys branickii), 1 of Abrocomidae (Abrocoma cinerea), and 1 of Octodontidae (Octodon degus) using the first 548 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses consistently showed Chinchillidae as a robust clade and confirmed a close relationship with Dinomyidae. Both Chinchilla species differed at 22 sites, and 3 were nonsilent; average genetic distances were approximately 6%. Sequences from domestic C. lanigera and wild C. brevicaudata showed low levels of variation. Although all topologies obtained were congruent with current taxonomy, Lagidium exhibited large genetic distances (range 5.9-8.9%), suggesting the existence of more than the 3 species currently recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2004
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34. The caspase pathway in noise-induced apoptosis of the chinchilla cochlea.

Author: Nicotera, Thomas M., Hu, Bo Hua, and Henderson, Donald
Subjects: NOISE, APOPTOSIS, CELL death, CYTOCHROME c, CYTOCHROMES, HAIR cells, MECHANORECEPTORS, CHINCHILLAS, CHINCHILLIDAE, ANIMAL experimentation, COMPARATIVE studies, NOISE-induced deafness, DNA, GENETIC techniques, HEMOPROTEINS, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, PROTEINS, PROTEOLYTIC enzymes, RESEARCH, RESEARCH funding, RODENTS, STAINS & staining (Microscopy), EVALUATION research, WOUNDS & injuries
Abstract: We previously reported that intense noise exposure causes outer hair cell (OHC) death primarily through apoptosis. Here we investigated the intracellular signal pathways associated with apoptotic OHC death. Chinchillas were exposed to a 4 kHz narrowband noise at 110 dB SPL for 1 h. After the noise exposure, the cochleas were examined for the activity of each of three caspases, including caspase-3, -8, or -9 with carboxyfluorescein-labeled fluoromethyl ketone (FMK)-peptide inhibitors. The cochleas were further examined for cytochrome c release from mitochondria by immunohistology and for DNA degradation by the TUNEL method. The results showed that the noise exposure triggered activation of caspase-3, an important mediator of apoptosis. The noise exposure also caused the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, each of which is associated with a distinct signaling pathway that leads to activation of caspase-3. Caspase activation occurred only in the apoptotic OHCs and not in the necrotic OHCs. These results indicate that multiple signaling pathways leading to caspase-3 activation take place simultaneously in the apoptotic OHCs. In addition to caspase activation, noise exposure caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, resulting in a punctate fluorescence in the cytosol. In contrast to activation of caspases, the release of cytochrome c took place in both apoptotic and necrotic OHCs. Moreover, the release of cytochrome c in a subpopulation of OHCs took place early in the cell death process, prior to any outward signs of necrosis or apoptosis. These data suggest that in this subpopulation there exists a common step that is shared by cell death pathways before entering either necrosis or apoptosis. Lastly, use of the TUNEL assay in combination with PI labeling provides a more accurate discrimination between apoptosis and necrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2003
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35. Spontaneous human herpes virus type 1 infection in a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera f. dom.).

Author: Wohlsein, P., Thiele, A., Fehr, M., Haas, L., Henneicke, K., Petzold, D. R., and Baumgärtner, W.
Subjects: HERPESVIRUS diseases, VIRUS diseases, CHINCHILLAS, CHINCHILLIDAE, CENTRAL nervous system diseases, BLOOD-brain barrier disorders, NECROSIS, GANGRENE
Abstract: A 1-year-old male chinchilla with a 2-week history of conjunctivitis suffered subsequently from neurological signs comprising seizures, disorientation, recumbency and apathy. After 3 weeks of progressive central nervous disease the animal was killed in view of the poor prognosis. A non-suppurative meningitis and polioencephalitis with neuronal necrosis and intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed at necropsy and by light microscopy. The brain stem and cerebral cortices were most severely affected. Both eyes displayed ulcerative keratitis, uveitis, retinitis and retinal degeneration, and optical neuritis. Additionally, a purulent rhinitis with focal erosions, epithelial degeneration and intranuclear inclusion bodies was present. Ultrastructurally, herpes virus particles were detected in neurons of the brain. Immunohistochemistry with antisera specific for human herpes virus types 1 and 2 resulted in viral antigen labeling in neurons, glial cells and in neuronal processes. Viral antigen was found in the rhinencephalon, cerebral cortices, hippocampus, numerous nuclei of the brain stem, single foci in the cerebellum, and in a solitary erosive lesion of the right nasal vestibulum. Viral antigen was not detected in the eyes. The virus was isolated from the CNS, and nucleic acid sequence analysis of the glycoprotein B and the DNA polymerase revealed a sequence homology with human herpes virus type 1 of 99% and 100%, respectively. The clinical signs, the distribution of the lesions and the viral antigen suggest a primary ocular infection with subsequent spread to the CNS. Chinchillas are susceptible to human herpes virus 1 and may play a role as a temporary reservoir for human infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2002
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36. SYSTEMATICS OF THE ABROCOMA CINEREA SPECIES COMPLEX (RODENTA: ABROCOMIDAE), WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ABROCOMA.

Author: Braun, Janet K. and Mares, Michael A.
Subjects: *CHINCHILLIDAE, *RODENTS
Abstract: Presents a study which examined the systematics of Abrocoma cinerea group, chinchilla rats and described a species of Abrocoma from Mendoza Province, Argentina. Materials and methods; Results; Species accounts.
Published: 2002
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37. ONTOGENY OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN CHINCHILLA LANIGERA (RODENTIA: CHINCHILLIDAE).

Author: Lammers, Andrew R. and Dziech, Heather A.
Subjects: *SEXUAL dimorphism in animals, *CHINCHILLAS, *CHINCHILLIDAE, *ANATOMY, *PHYLOGENY
Abstract: Investigates sexual dimorphism in Chinchilla lanigera. Diagram of measurements taken from female and male Chinchilla lanigera; Relationship between femur length and age for Chinchilla lanigera; Phylogeny of Chinchillidae and related taxa based on fossils and molecular data.
Published: 2001
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38. Ontogenetic variability in the limb bones histology of plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus, Chinchillidae, Rodentia): implications for life history reconstruction of fossil representatives

Author: Ignacio Alejandro Cerda, Mariana Carolina Garrone, and Rodrigo Leandro Tomassini
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, ONTOGENETIC CHANGES, food.ingredient, MAMMAL BONE HISTOLOGY, Ontogeny, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Paleontología, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, food, Life history, Chinchillidae, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Lagostomus, biology, CHINCHILLIDS, FOSSORIAL HABITS, LIFE HISTORY, Histology, Anatomy, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Limb bones, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: Osteohistological studies provide information on the life history of extant and extinct vertebrates, such as growth dynamics, age, body size, sexual maturity, sexual dimorphism, soft tissues, among others aspects. In this work, we evaluate the histological changes occurred during the ontogeny of extant representatives of plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus, through the analysis of limb bones in order to evaluate biological and ecological features of their life history. The results obtained are used as framework for the recognition of ontogenetic stages in isolated fossil limb bones of this species. The osteohistology clearly vary according to the ontogenetic stage of the individuals. It is described, for the first time, the presence of a neonatal line in rodents. We could identify different microstructural features that favor the correlation among extant and fossil representatives of L. maximus. It is considered that the mid-shaft of the humeri, femora and tibiae does not represent the most propitious sector to make the thin sections, since the modeling process there has erased part of the bone growth history of the individuals. This study contributes to the general knowledge of the bone histology of rodents. Fil: Garrone, Mariana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; Argentina Fil: Cerda, Ignacio Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentina Fil: Tomassini, Rodrigo Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; Argentina
Published: 2019
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39. The tarsal-metatarsal complex of caviomorph rodents: Anatomy and functional-adaptive analysis

Author: Nahuel Antu Muñoz, Adriana Magdalena Candela, and César M. García-Esponda
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Arboreal locomotion, biology, Zoology, Echimyidae, Anatomy, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Cursorial, body regions, Tarsal Bone, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Adaptive radiation, Animal Science and Zoology, Metatarsal bones, Octodontidae, Chinchillidae, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Caviomorph rodents represent a major adaptive radiation of Neotropical mammals. They occupy a variety of ecological niches, which is also reflected in their wide array of locomotor behaviors. It is expected that this radiation would be mirrored by an equivalent disparity of tarsal-metatarsal morphology. Here, the tarsal-metatarsal complex of Erethizontidae, Cuniculidae, Dasyproctidae, Caviidae, Chinchillidae, Octodontidae, Ctenomyidae, and Echimyidae was examined, in order to evaluate its anatomical variation and functional-adaptive relevance in relation to locomotor behaviors. A qualitative study in functional morphology and a geometric morphometric analysis were performed. We recognized two distinct tarsal-metatarsal patterns that represent the extremes of anatomical variation in the foot. The first, typically present in arboreal species, is characterized by features that facilitate movements at different levels of the tarsal-metatarsal complex. The second pattern, typically present in cursorial caviomorphs, has a set of features that act to stabilize the joints, improve the interlocking of the tarsal bones, and restrict movements to the parasagittal plane. The morphological disparity recognized in this study seems to result from specific locomotor adaptations to climb, dig, run, jump and swim, as well as phylogenetic effects within and among the groups studies.
Published: 2017
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40. Lagostomus maximus (Desmarest) (Rodentia, Chinchillidae), the extant plains vizcacha in the Late Pleistocene of Uruguay

Author: Martín Ubilla and Andrés Rinderknecht
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Lagostomus, 010506 paleontology, food.ingredient, biology, Pleistocene, Range (biology), Ecology, Paleontology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sexual dimorphism, food, Genus, Mammal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Chinchillidae, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Ubilla, M. & Rinderknecht, A., April 2016. Lagostomus maximus (Desmarest) (Rodentia, Chinchillidae), the extant plains vizcacha in the Late Pleistocene of Uruguay. Alcheringa 40, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518The extant plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus, is described from the Late Pleistocene (Dolores Formation) of Uruguay based on an almost complete articulated skeleton. It is compared with the nominally extinct Pleistocene species of the genus. An AMS 14C taxon-age is determined for L. maximus at 11 879 ± 95 years BP (cal. BP 13 898–13 941). Lagostomus maximus is absent from modern mammal communities in Uruguay, and no Holocene evidence is available. Because L. maximus exhibits remarkable sexual and ontogenetic dimorphism, we examined a range of juvenile, sub-adult and adult male and female specimens. It is not possible to differentiate the articulated Pleistocene fossil from sub-adult specimens of L. maximus based on this sample. Moreover, the skull characteristics, including a broad vertical ramus of the z...
Published: 2016
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41. Intergroup and intragroup spacing in the plains Vizcacha, lagostomus maximus.

Author: Branch, Lyn C.
Subjects: *CHINCHILLIDAE, *SPATIAL behavior in animals, *ANIMAL behavior
Abstract: Studies spatial organization of the plain vizcacha, the most sexually dimorphic member of the Chinchilidae in the semi-arid scrub of La Pampa Province, Argentina. Use of direct observations and radiotelemetry; Vocalizations; Burrow systems; Scentmarking and chases; Social spacing.
Published: 1993
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42. Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia: Chinchillidae)

Author: Carlos Zuleta R, Angel E. Spotorno, Pablo Valladares F, and Arturo Cortes M
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Dorsum, Rodent, Zoology, Rodentia, Biology, Chinchilla chinchilla, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Chinchillidae, Critically endangered, biology.animal, Animalia, Foothills, Chordata, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Family chinchillidae, Mammalia, Animal Science and Zoology, Lagidium
Abstract: Chinchilla chinchilla (Lichtenstein, 1830), a hystricomorph rodent of the family Chinchillidae, is a highland species that inhabits the Andean foothills of northern Chile and southern Bolivia, specifically the Antofagasta and Atacama regions in Chile and Potosi in Bolivia, at elevations of 3,500–5,000 m. It has a silky-soft pelage of extremely dense and long fur, the color of which is bluish, pearl, or brownish gray on the dorsum. The furry tail is covered with coarse hairs on the dorsal surface. C. chinchilla is distinguished from Lagidium and Lagotomus by its small size and differs from C. lanigera in its smaller rounded ears and a shorter tail. Although new populations were found recently, this species is considered “Critically Endangered” requiring continued protection by law and further research of its genetics and ecology.
Published: 2018

43. Chinchilla chinchilla chinchilla (Lichtenstein 1830

Author: F., Pablo Valladares, Spotorno, Ángel E., M., Arturo Cortes, and R, Carlos Zuleta
Subjects: Chinchilla chinchilla, Chinchilla, Mammalia, Animalia, Rodentia, Biodiversity, Chordata, Chinchillidae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Chinchilla chinchilla (Lichtenstein, 1830) Short-tailed Chinchilla Eriomys chinchilla Lichtenstein, 1830:plate 28. Type locality unknown; stated as Peru by Prell, 1934a:102 (Osgood, 1941:410); Allen, 1942:391 states that Lichtenstein ��implied that the specimen came from Chile, not Peru.�� Callomys aureus D��Orbigny and I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1830: 289. Chinchilla in their composite genus Callomys. Lagostomus laniger: Wagler, 1831:614. Part, not laniger G. I. Molina. Lagostomus chinchilla: Meyen, 1833:586. Name combination. Chinchilla brevicaudata Waterhouse, 1848:41. Type locality �� Peru.�� Chinchilla brevicaudata var. major: Trouessart, 1898:628. Name combination. Chinchilla boliviana Brass, 1911:613. Type locality ��aus Peruist sehr selten geworden. ��Die fiensten Felle kommen aus der Gegend von Tacna und Arica.�� Chinchilla intermedia Dennler, 1939:95. Holotype probably specimen 13037 from Museo Argentino de Ciencias mission, by Agust��an Iriarte, Nicolas Lagos, and Rodrigo Villalobos. Naturales ��Bernardino Rivadavia,�� type locality: Abra Pampa, National Breeding from Jujuy. Chinchilla laniger boliviana: G. M. Allen, 1942:389. Name combination. Chinchilla laniger brevicaudata: G. M. Allen, 1942:389. Name combination. Chinchilla chinchilla chinchilla: Osgood, 1941:410. First use of current name combination. Chinchilla chinchilla boliviana: Osgood, 1943:136. Name combination. Chinchilla brevicaudata boliviana: Cabrera, 1960:201. Name combination. Chinchilla brevicaudata brevicaudata: Cabrera, 1960:201. Name combination. CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order Rodentia, suborder Hystricomorpha, infraorderHystricognathi, familyChinchillidae, subfamily Chinchillinae. The family Chinchillidae (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) contains 3 genera: Chinchilla with 2 species (C.chinchilla and C. lanigera), Lagidium with 3 species (L.ahua - caensis, L. viscacia, and L. wolffsohni), and Lagostomus with 2 species (L. crassus and L. maximus ��Woods and Kilpatrick 2005; Ledesma et al. 2009; Spotorno and Valladares 2016). Chinchilla chinchilla is monotypic, although several other forms have been described for the high plateau of Per��, Bolivia, and Argentina. However, because C. chinchilla is now extremely rare in the wild and may be extirpated in the greater part of its pre-Columbian distribution, its taxonomic relationship to wild populations of C. chinchilla probably will never be confirmed. NOMENCLATURAL NOTES. The genus Chinchilla and its species have had a controversial taxonomic history. Opinions differ in the number of species recognized: 1 (Bennett 1829; Autran 1906; Osgood 1941) or 2 (Cabrera 1961; Woods 1993; Spotorno et al. 2004a; Woods and Kilpatrick 2005) or 3 (Bidlingmaier 1937; Prell 1934b), but according to Miller et al. (1983) this taxonomic issue can never be resolved because no wild populations of other putative species or subspecies are known. Lichtenstein (1830) described Eriomys chinchilla from near Lima, Peru (Prell 1934a; Osgood 1941, 1943), or probably north of Chile (Allen 1942). Waterhouse (1848) described Chinchilla brevicaudata from Peru, but according to Osgood (1943), it was based on the same specimens as E. chinchilla Lichtenstein, evidently a renaming to avoid tautonomy. The northern chinchilla has received several names: Callomys aureus d��Orbigny and Geoffroy, 1830; Chinchilla major Trouessart, 1898; Chinchilla boliviana Brass, 1911; Chinchilla intermedia Dennler, 1939; Chinchilla lanigera boliviana Allen; 1942 and Chinchilla lanigera brevicaudata Allen, 1942; Chinchilla chinchilla Prell, 1934b and Chinchilla boliviana Prell, 1934b; Chinchilla c. chinchilla Osgood, 1941 and C. c. boliviana Osgood, 1943; Chinchilla brevicaudata brevicaudata Cabrera, 1961 and C. brevicaudata boliviana Cabrera, 1961 but these authors did not designate a type specimen. Cabrera (1960, 1961), Ipinza (1969), Tamayo and Frassinetti (1980), Woods (1993), Redford and Eisenberg (1992), and Spotorno et al. (2004 a, 2004b) recognized C. brevicaudata Waterhouse (1848), but Anderson (1997) and Valladares (2002) recognized C. chinchilla (Lichtenstein, 1830) for the ��shorttailed�� chinchilla species. Spotorno et al. (2004a) recognized 2 species based on molecular divergence in cytochrome- b gene sequences. Tate (1935) recognized Chinchilla as the genus and the species lanigera Molina, but he was not sure about the taxonomic position of C. chinchilla and C. brevicaudata. Waterhouse (1848) described C. brevicaudata based on 3 specimens identified as E. chinchilla, 1 at the Berlin Museum (not seen by him) and 2 at the Leyden Museum, which he measured himself (C. Smeenk, in litt.). Both specimens were collected or obtained by D��Orbigny and Pr��vost and described as a new species by Waterhouse. D��Orbigny collected specimens in Bolivia between July 1830 and June 1833 and stayed in La Paz from 19 April to 27 June 1833, during which he arranged and packed his collections amassed during his various expeditions in the country. La Paz may have been only the place where the specimens were acquired or shipped rather than the exact collecting locality. Specimens obtained by Pr��vost from Chile are not further documented; the Leiden Museum received some mammals from him in 1835 and 1839. According to C. Smeenk (in litt.), both specimens were determined as syntypes (National Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden [RMNH.MAM.] 39393 and [RMNH.MAM.] 39394). On other hand, the specimen reviewed by Lichtenstein is deposited in the Museum f��r Naturkunde, Leibniz Institut for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, with number BZN1878; the label states E. chinchilla, collected by Salmin in Per��. Finally, the specimen reviewed by Bennett (1829) is deposited in the collection of the Department of Zoology (Mammal section) of the Natural History Museum of London (code GMCM 54a1�� Valladares et al. 2014b). In the absence of consensus on the priority of the species name, the matter was referred to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN-case 3278), appealing to Article 23 of the International Comission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999) to establish the Law of Priority over the most commonly used name. This request was answered on 1 September 2003, stating that the specific epithet chinchilla is the oldest available for the species and is therefore valid (Valladares and Spotorno 2003). It was also suggested to determine a neotype for the Chinchilla genus (Bennett 1829), for lanigera (Molina 1782) and for chinchilla (Lichtenstein 1830) to contribute to taxonomic stability. DIAGNOSIS Chinchilla chinchilla can be distinguished from the longtailed chinchilla C. lanigera by larger size (head and body length> 320 mm, shorter ears C. chinchilla and 23 in C. lanigera (Cabrera 1960). The lengths of the humerus and radius (30.4 mm) are the same in both bones in C. lanigera, but are 35.5 and 39.0 mm, respectively, in C. chinchilla; ulna length is 40.6 mm in C. lanigera, and 48.75 mm in C. chinchilla. Tibia length is almost double (1.92��) that of the radius in C. lanigera, but only 1.75�� in C. chinchilla (Cabrera 1960). C. chinchilla is distinguishable from Lagostomus and Lagidium by its smaller size, head and body length 530��725 mm in Lagostomus (Jackson et al. 1996), and 360��505 in Lagidium (Ledesma et al. 2009). GENERAL CHARACTERS Chinchilla chinchilla (Fig. 1) is among the smallest chinchillid rodents (means in mm; n = 6; specimens from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ��Bernardino Rivadavia�� [specimens MACN-Ma13037, 16267, 16268, 20430��20432, most from Abra Pampa, Jujuy, Argentina]): head and body length, 243.36; length of tail, 73.73; length of hind foot, 127.27. Condylobasal length is 60.86 mm, greatest width of skull across the zygomatic arches is 35.38 mm, interorbital width is 12.44 mm, mastoid width is 33.55 mm, and length of upper molar toothrow is 13.78 mm. Specimens from Abaroa, Region de Antofagasta, Chile (n = 2): length of ear, 31.27 mm, weighing 500��850 g; the female is the larger sex and males rarely weigh over 600 g. The silky pelage of long soft hairs that are up to 35mm in length is extremely dense (Grau 1986; Albert 1900) and considered one of the most valuable furs in the world (Jim��nez 1996). The general coloration of the dorsum is bluish, pearl, or brownish gray, and each hair usually has a black tip. The venter is a clear, yellowish white. The furry tail is covered with coarse hairs on the dorsal surface. The head is broad, with vestigial cheek pouches, and the pinnae, rounded with a covering of tiny hairs (Waterhouse 1848). The skull (Fig. 2) has greatly expanded auditory bullae. Means (mm) of 4 specimens from Laboratorio de Citogen��tica de Mamiferos, specimens 2360 and 2338 (Abaroa, Region de Antofagasta, Chile) and specimens 1898 and 1862 (Region de Antofagasta, Chile) were: bullar width, 13.18; bullar height, 24.5; greatest width of skull across the parietals including the external bullae, 31.9. The forefoot is short, with 5 digits and stiff bristles surrounding weak claws and each hind foot has 1 rudimentary and 3 normal digits. DISTRIBUTION The former distribution of Chinchilla chinchilla was indeed extensive, including the highlands of Chile, Argentina, Peru, and Bolivia (Chac��n 1892; Autran 1906; Walle 1914; House 1953; Grau 1986; Jim��nez 1996; Anderson 1997; Parera 2002; Woods and Kilpatrick 2005). But today it is extant only in Chile, specifically near the towns of El Laco (23��44 �� S and 67��28 �� W) and Morro Negro (25��00 �� S and 68��45 �� W); both are near the Llullaillaco volcano, in the Antofagasta region (Spotorno et al. 1998; Spotorno et al. 2004b; Tirado et al. 2012) and recently in the vicinity of Nevado Tres Cruces National Park (26��49 �� 11 �� S and 69��05 �� 67 �� W) in the Atacama region (Valladares et al. 2012; Fig. 3). In the past, wild populations of C. chinchilla were known from northern Chile, for example, the highlands of Arica (Autran 1906), Mejillones (Phillipi 1860), Licancabur volcano (Rudolph 1955), and La Ola and Potrerillos (Schlatter et al. 1987). Grau (1986) suggested that both Chinchilla species may have coexisted in sympatry near Potrerillos (north of Atacama region), which corresponds to the northern limit of the geographic distribution of C. lanigera and the southern limit for C. chinchilla. In Argentina, historical populations of C. chinchilla are known from near Antofalla, Catamarca (Autran 1906; Walker et al. 2007), in southwestern Jujuy (Olrog and Lucero 1981; Autran 1906), Salta (Autran 1906; Ortiz et al. 2010), La Rioja (Parera 2002), and North of San Juan (Cajal et al. 1981). In Bolivia, its former distribution reached the districts of La Paz, Oruro, and Potosi (Anderson 1997), with the last wild specimens being captured by residents of Huachacalla, Sabaya, and Caranga (Autran 1906; Walle 1914) and Lipez (Autran 1906). However, a small population was found recently within the National Reserve of Andean Fauna ��Eduardo Avaroa,�� in the Department of Potos��, specifically in the Laguna Colorada basin (Delgado et al. 2018). FORM AND FUNCTION The relatively broad head of Chinchilla chinchilla has the greatest width of skull across the zygomatic arches (means, n = 4; head with skin include, 36.57 mm; skull, 34.24 mm). The mandible lacks a masseteric crest. The canal of the large lacrimals opens on the side of the rostrum. The short paraoccipital process is attached to the auditory bulla. As in Chinchilla lanigera, each auditory bulla is extremely inflated, having 3 large vesicular protuberances: a nearly hemispherical superior, an oblong posterior, and pyriform inferior protuberance. The dental formula of the hypsodont teeth is i 1/1, c 0/0, p 1/1, m 3/3, total 20. The occlusal surface is composed of 3 closely packed lamellar plates. The laminae of the cheek teeth are widened and fused, with the enamel of each loph being strengthened on the anterior side but weakened on the posterior side in the upper cheek teeth, with the reverse occurring in the lower cheek teeth (Glanz and Anderson 1990). The enamel of the delicate incisors is usually dark yellow. The well-developed hind limb is longer than the forelimb. Means (mm) of long bones of the limbs include humerus (35.5), radius (39.0), ulna (48.75), femur (58.25), and tibia (68.25�� Cabrera 1960). The vertebral formula is 7 C, 13 T, 6 L, 2 S and 20 Ca, total 48 (Cabrera 1960). Chinchilla chinchilla has longer dorsal hairs than C. lanigera, up to 35 mm (Albert 1900). Hairs of the dorsum are bluegray at the root, with a distal broad white tinge and dark gray at the tip, producing a silvery gray tint suffused with black. The venter, inner surfaces of limbs, and feet are whitish. The tail has 2 dark bands on its upper surface (Waterhouse 1848). The basal metabolic rate is 0.498 �� 0.068 ml O2/g h, equivalent to 67.2% of the predicted value for a mammal of similar size (Kleiber 1961; Cort��s et al. 2003). The lower critical temperature (T lc) is 22��C. In a He��O2 atmosphere the relationship of metabolic rate versus ambient temperature (T a) was MR (ml O2/g h) = 2.28 �� 0.0544 T a, during which the thermal conductance (C He) reached 0.0544 ml O2/g h. When ambient temperature was lowered to ��7.5��C in an artificial atmosphere, metabolic rate fell 16.9% with respect to the maximum metabolic rate of 2.52 �� 0.005 ml O2/g h, indicating that the thermoregulatory capability was exceeded. The aerobic metabolic expansivity, calculated as the ratio Maximum Metabolic Rate/Basal Metabolic Rate (MMR/BMR), was 5.1 (Cort��s et al. 2003). The relation MMR/ C (thermal conductance) = T b (body temperature) �� T LL (calculated theoretical lower lethal temperature) gave a theoretical critical lethal temperature (Bozinovic and Rosenmann 1989) of ��67.8��C (Cort��s et al. 2003), close to the value of ��65.0��C obtained by extrapolating maximum metabolic rate (He��O2) on the regression curve of metabolic rate versus ambient temperature in normal air (Rosenmann and Morrison 1974; Cort��s et al. 2003). Minimum values of evaporative water loss were 0.498 �� 0.014 mg H2O/g h within the ambient temperature range of �� 20��C, while the averages of evaporative water loss at 25��C, 30��C, and 32.5��C were 0.604, 0.820, and 1.105 mg H2O/g h, representing increases over the minimum of 20%, 65%, and 120%, respectively (Cort��s et al. 2003). At the highest experimental temperature, evaporative water loss was equivalent to only 24.6% of the basal rate of heat production (2.39 cal/g h��Cort��s et al. 2003). The low cooling capability was reflected in a body temperature increase of 1.1��C above the normothermic condition (38.7��C versus 37.6��C), a value within that expected for xeric rodents (Cort��s et al. 2000b). The low evaporative water loss may have unfavourable consequences at high temperatures where evaporative heat loss is important; for example, at an ambient temperature of 32.5��C, C. chinchilla was able to reduce evaporative water loss to only one-fourth that of metabolic heat production, which was reflected by a body temperature increase of 1.1��C. The efficiency index of water regulation for C. chinchilla (T a@) was 10.6��C. Replacing T a = 10.6��C in the regression equation (MR = 1.022 �� 0.0239 T a), a value of 3.71 cal/g h is obtained; this is the energetic cost of maintaining water balance in C. chinchilla, indicative of a slightly lower efficiency compared with other Chilean rodents from mesic and xeric habitats (Cort��s et al. 2000a; Cort��s et al. 2003). Nevertheless, the energetic cost of maintaining water balance, MR-WB = 3.71 cal/g h, was similar to or lower than the values reported for other desert rodent species (Cort��s et al. 2003). Elevated hemoglobin oxygen affinity is a blood property considered an evolutionary adaptation in mammals living at high elevation (Monge and Le��n-Velarde 1991) because hypoxic environments exert strong selective pressures on oxygen levels. Hemoglobin affinity in Chinchilla correlates positively with elevation (Ostojic et al. 2002). C. chinchilla has a higher hemoglobin oxygen affinity (23.3 �� 0.06 mmHg) than C. lanigera (27.7 �� 0.03 mmHg��Ostojic et al. 2002). ONTOGENY AND REPRODUCTION In optimal conditions, wild Chinchilla chinchilla can produce 1 litter in October, January, and April (Albert 1900). Gestation in chinchillas from Bolivia and northwestern Argentina is 105��111 days (Dennler 1940). C. chinchilla can become sexually mature as early as 5.5 months, but the average is closer to 8 months (Ch��bez 1994). Births take place between February and March, and August to December, with a higher proportion of births in September. The 1st estrus and subsequent copulations occur in April, being more common from mid-May to July, and then between October and December, fully declining in February, when females have given birth (Dennler 1940). The semi-precocial neonates weigh about 35 g, are fully, have open eyes, and are able to creep under the mother��s body for warmth while she dries them. Females have 1 pair of inguinal and 2 pairs of lateral thoracic mammae. Neonates can eat plant food, which creates a smooth transition during weaning at about 6 weeks (Cockrum 1962). Experimental breeding in captivity is difficult, resulting in high percentages of sterility (Genta 1987). Some crosses between C. lanigera and C. chinchilla have been produced during captive breeding (Grau 1986). ECOLOGY Chinchilla chinchilla lives in areas of montane grassland and scrub, habitats similar to those of the viscacha, Lagidium (Mann 1978). Its natural habitat is the relatively barren areas of the Andes Mountains at elevations of 3,000 ��5,000 m. It usually shelters in crevices and holes among the rocks. Chinchilla chinchilla in the wild eats similar plants to Lagidium, essentially Festuca and Districhia grasses and Senecio and Parastrephia shrubs (Mann 1978). Populations of C. chinchilla from the Antofagasta region (Morro Negro, 25��00 �� S and 68��45 �� W; El Laco, 23��44 �� S and 67��28 �� W) are asso, Published as part of F., Pablo Valladares, Spotorno, ��ngel E., M., Arturo Cortes & R, Carlos Zuleta, 2018, Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia: Chinchillidae), pp. 51-58 in Mammalian Species 50 (960) on pages 51-56, DOI: 10.1093/mspecies/sey007, http://zenodo.org/record/4573505, {"references":["LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. C. 1830. Eriomys chinchilla Licht. ie Chinchilla- Wollmaus. 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Journal of Mammalogy 18: 159 - 163.","PRELL, H. 1934 b. Uber Mus laniger Molina. Zoologische Garten, Leipzig 7: 207 - 209.","MILLER, S. D., J. ROTTMANN, K. J. RAEDEKE, AND R. B. TABER. 1983. Endangered mammals of Chile: status and conservation. Biological Conservation 25: 335 - 352.","IPINZA J. 1969. A list of the native and introduced rodents in Chile. Noticiario Mensual del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile 16: 6 - 9.","SPOTORNO, A. E., C. A. ZULETA, P. VALLADARES, A. L. DEANE, AND J. E. JIMeNEZ. 2004 b. Chinchilla laniger. Mammalian Species 758: 1 - 9.","ANDERSON, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 231: 1 - 652.","VALLADARES, P. 2002. Divergencia molecular de las especies silvestres y cepas domesticadas del genero Chinchilla (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) basada en el gen para citocromo b. Mastozoologia Neotropical 9: 96 - 98.","TATE, G. H. H. 1935. 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KOEPPL. 1982. Mammals species of the world. Allen Press and Association of Systematic Collections, Lawrence, Kansas.","TARIFA, T. 2009. Chinchilla chinchilla. Pp. 457 - 459 en Libro Rojo de la fauna silvestre de vertebrados de Bolivia. Ministerio del Medioambiente y Agua, La Paz, Bolivia.","OJEDA, R. A. 2012. Chinchilla brevicaudata. Pp. 173 in Libro rojo de los mamiferos amenazados de la Argentina (R. A. Ojeda, V. Chillo, and G. B. Diaz, eds.). Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamiferos, Buenos Aires, Argentina.","SERVICIO AGRiCOLA Y GANADERO. 2012. Cartilla de Caza. Departamento de Proteccion de los Recursos Naturales Renovables, Servicio Agricola y Ganadero, Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago de Chile, Chile."]}
Published: 2018
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44. Karyotyping ofChinchilla lanigeraMol. (Rodentia, Chinchillidae)

Author: Olga Szeleszczuk, Marta Kuchta-Gładysz, B. Kociucka, Aleksandra Grabowska-Joachimiak, Izabela Szczerbal, and Piotr Niedbała
Subjects: Chinchilla, biology, Rodent, G banding, Zoology, Karyotype, Chinchilla lanigera, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, stomatognathic system, biology.animal, South american, Ag nor staining, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Genetics, sense organs, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Chinchillidae
Abstract: There is relatively little information about the karyotype structure of the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera Mol.), an endemic South American rodent with 2n = 64 chromosomes and “duplicate-type X ch...
Published: 2015
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45. Host Family Chinchillidae

Author: Norman D. Levine and Virginia Ivens
Subjects: Evolutionary biology, Host (biology), Biology, Family chinchillidae
Published: 2018
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46. Dieta de Leopardus colocolo (Carnivora: Felidae) en la Reserva Nacional de Junín, Junín, Perú

Author: Ursula Fajardo, Víctor Pacheco, and Daniel Cossíos
Subjects: biology, Rodent, Ecology, Cavia tschudii, biology.animal, Leopardus colocolo, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, biology.organism_classification, Anatidae, Predator, Chinchillidae, Predation, Cricetidae
Abstract: Este estudio caracteriza la dieta de Leopardus colocolo en los alrededores del lago Junín, en el centro del Perú, a partir de los restos de las presas presentes en 43 heces. El origen de las heces del predador se determinó a partir del ADN mitocondrial de las células epiteliales intestinales adheridas a la superficie de las heces, utilizando como marcador la región de control. Los restos de las presas fueron identificados utilizando literatura especializada y la comparación con especímenes de colección, identificando un total of 14 ítems alimenticios pertenecientes a mamíferos de las familias Cricetidae (6), Chinchillidae (1) y Caviidae (1) y aves de las familias Anatidae (3) y Rallidae (2), y un grupo de aves no identificadas (1). Los roedores fueron el principal componente de la dieta de L. colocolo, en frecuencia y biomasa, seguido por las aves. Entre los ítems alimenticios consumidos, el roedor cricétido pequeño Calomys sp. fue el más frecuente; sin embargo, el mayor aporte de biomasa relativa fue proporcionado por el roedor mediano Cavia tschudii. La amplitud de nicho obtenida fue baja (Bsta= 0.17), indicando una dieta especializada. Nuestros resultados confirman que, como ocurre con la mayoría de felinos pequeños neotropicales, L. colocolo es un predador especializado en la captura de vertebrados, principalmente mamíferos pequeños. No se registró variación estacional en la dieta y el análisis de las clases de edad de los roedores cricétidos mostró que los adultos fueron los más consumidos. Se infiere que L. colocolo tiene un patrón de actividad diurno y nocturno.
Published: 2014
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47. Carbon and Nitrogen stable isotopes of Chinchillid rodents from Early and Middle Holocene archaeological deposits from the Salt Puna

Author: Hector Osvaldo Panarello and Mariana Mondini
Subjects: purl.org/becyt/ford/6 [https], Historia y Arqueología, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, EARLY-MID HOLOCENE, 060102 archaeology, CARBON ISOTOPES (D, Range (biology), Context (language use), 06 humanities and the arts, CHINCHILLIDAE, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, NITROGEN ISOTOPES (D15N), Arqueología, SALT PUNA, HUMANIDADES, Isotopic signature, Geography, 3C), 0601 history and archaeology, Animal Science and Zoology, purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1 [https], Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: En este trabajo se presentan los valores isotópicos de carbono y nitrógeno obtenidos en especímenes de roedores correspondientes a la familia Chinchillidae de contextos arqueológicos del sitio Quebrada Seca 3 (QS3, Antofagasta de la Sierra, Prov. de Catamarca, Argentina) en la Puna Salada, correspondientes al Holoceno Temprano y Medio. Se trata de cuatro especímenes procedentes de niveles datados entre c. 9800 y 7800 AP. Los resultados indican que la relación isotópica media del carbono (δ13C) es de -19,7?, ± 0,2, y la del nitrógeno (δ15N) es de 4,6? ± 0,7. La relación C/N es de entre 3,3 y 3,5. Estos resultados permiten ubicar a estos valores dentro del rango conocido para los camélidos, ítem principal en la dieta de los cazadores-recolectores que habitaban la región en ese período. De acuerdo al registro zooarqueológico, los chinchíllidos también habrían sido consumidos, aunque en menor medida, y en este contexto su firma isotópica quedaría en gran medida diluida. In this paper, carbon and nitrogen isotopic values obtained on rodents of the Chinchillidae family are presented. These specimens come from archaeological levels of site Quebrada Seca 3 (QS3, Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca Province, Argentina) in the Salty Puna, which are dated back to the Early and Middle Holocene. They are four specimens derived from levels dated between c. 9800-7800 BP. The results indicate that carbon mid isotopic relationship (δ13C) is -19.7‰, ± 0.2, and that of nitrogen (δ15N) is 4.6‰ ± 0.7. C/N relationship is 3.3-3.5. These results suggest that the chinchillid isotopic values fall within the range of that of camelids, main item in the diet of the hunter-gatherers inhabiting the area at the time. According to the archaeofaunal record, chinchillid rodents would also have been consumed, although to a lesser extent, and in this context their isotopic signature would look greatly diluted. Fil: Mondini, Nora Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Panarello, Hector Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; Argentina
Published: 2019
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48. Unexpected low genetic variation in the South American hystricognath rodent Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia: Chinchillidae)

Author: Sergio Lucero, Sergio Iván Pérez, Alfredo Daniel Vitullo, María Constanza Gariboldi, Mauricio Failla, and Pablo Ignacio Felipe Inserra
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, Conservation genetics, haplotypes, Heredity, GENETIC VARIABILITY, Conservation Biology, Population genetics, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeography, Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Geographical locations, Human population dynamics, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Genética y Herencia, genetic polymorphism, Chinchillidae, Conservation Science, Lagostomus, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Geography, musculoskeletal system, Mitochondrial DNA, Nucleic acids, Phylogeography, Genetic Mapping, Biogeography, Genetic structure, Conservation Genetics, Medicine, Female, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Research Article, population size, food.ingredient, Forms of DNA, Population Size, Science, Population, Argentina, Zoology, Rodentia, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ciencias Biológicas, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Population Metrics, CAVIOMORPHA, Genetics, Animals, Ciencias Naturales, Genetic variability, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], education, VIZCACHA, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, Genetic diversity, Population Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biology and Life Sciences, Genetic Variation, DNA, South America, biology.organism_classification, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, conservation genetics, Earth Sciences, Genetic Polymorphism, People and places, Population Genetics
Abstract: The South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus inhabits primarily the Pampean and adjoining Espinal, Monte and Chaquenean regions of Argentina. In order to study the population genetic structure of L. maximus, a fragment of 560 bp of the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region 1from 90 individuals collected from the 3 subspecies and 8 groups along Argentina was amplified and analyzed. We found 9 haplotypes. The haplotype network did not show an apparent phylogeographical signal. Although low levels of genetic variation were found in all the subspecies and groups analyzed, a radiation of L. maximus would have occurred from the North and Center of the Pampean region toward the rest of its geographic range in Argentina. Low levels of genetic diversity, the existence of a single genetically distinct population in Argentina and changes of its effective size indicate that metapopulation processes and changes in human population dynamics during the late-Holocene were important factors shaping the population genetic structure of L. maximus in Argentina., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
Published: 2019
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49. Role of the uterine glands in the early embryonic death of mammals using a natural model: the plains viscacha Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia, Chinchillidae)

Author: Enrique Leo Portiansky, Francisco Acuña, Fabián Nishida, Maria Angélica Miglino, Mirta Alicia Flamini, and Claudio Gustavo Barbeito
Subjects: Plains viscacha, Lagostomus, Early embryonic death, food.ingredient, food, Reproductive Medicine, biology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zoology, biology.organism_classification, Chinchillidae, Developmental Biology
Published: 2019
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50. COMMENTARY.

Author: Niléhn, Birgitta
Subjects: *FIRST person narrative, *YERSINIA enterocolitica infections, *YERSINIA diseases, *YERSINIA enterocolitica, *CHINCHILLAS, *CHINCHILLIDAE
Abstract: The article discusses the author's experience of studying Pasteurella X human infection. According to the author, the bacterium was similar to isolates from dead chinchillas in Switzerland and the Netherlands and identical with a strain of human origin reported as early as 1949 by a researcher. He reveals that the organism showed its temperature-dependent peculiarities gradually during the study. He states that the bacterium had exhibited a shift in biochemical activities.
Published: 2007
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