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Purpose: The study provides an evaluation of the knowledge and skills importance covered in the degree of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (LSCM) as well as the knowledge and skills gap of graduates entry-level. Design/methodology/approach: The study used both descriptive and exploratory research designs. The study adopted a self-administered questionnaire. The sample size is 41 logistics industry mid-managers of six organizations selected from the main operators of Sohar Port in Oman. Findings: The findings reveal that logistics professionals agree on the importance of all the learner attributes, knowledge and cognitive skills, and general competencies identified in a university degree with a major in LSCM. Furthermore, the results identified moderate levels of gaps in five knowledge areas and six soft and hard skills of graduates at the entry level. Research limitations/implications: Further research can be built on this study findings by evaluating the perception of logistics and supply chain industry professionals in different global contexts and investigate the effectiveness of different training and educational programs in enhancing the knowledge and skills of logistics professionals in various regions. Practical implications: This study may extend beyond Oman and have important implications for LSCM practices in other developing countries. Universities' management in developing countries can use this study findings to identify the key skills required by entry-level logistics professionals and incorporate them into their curricula to better prepare graduates for the workforce. In addition, the skills identified in our study, such as decision-making skills, managing stress, negotiation skills and critical thinking, are relevant to logistics professionals in other developing countries with similar socio-economic and industry characteristics. Originality/value: Unlike the prior studies that focused on the mismatch between educational degrees and job requirements without considering study specializations and industry, this paper lays a nuanced understanding of the knowledge and skills gap associated with entry-level graduates of the logistics and supply chain industry. As such, the paper offers inputs for the LSCM academic degree related to knowledge and skills needed by logistics and supply chain industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production fragmentation across multiple regions can result in a regional shock propagating along value chains to a wider array of regions. We propose a methodological framework to measure the economic exposure to regional value chain disruptions due to city lockdown during Covid-19. The exposure index is evaluated by applying a hypothetical extraction method to a regionally extended inter-country input–output framework incorporating China's interregional input–output table. Our methodology can be adapted to conduct disaster impact analyses at city, state and country levels. It provides a tool for the immediate assessment of the economic risks of value chain disruptions, enabling quick policy responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the value of an innovative trade credit with rebate contract (TCRC) model in a stylised supply chain. In this supply chain, the capital-abundant manufacturer offers an integrated contract involving trade credit, minimum ordering and sales rebate contract to a capital-constrained retailer. To highlight the value of the TCRC model, we compare it with a traditional trade credit financing (TTCF) model in a 'selling to the newsvendor model'. First, we show that equilibrium strategies exist between the manufacturer and the retailer under the TCRC or TTCF model. Second, this study investigates equilibrium selection between the TCRC and TTCF models for the individual and the supply chain. Finally, we show the manufacturer's pricing policy, wherein the TCRC model outperforms the TTCF model for the players. Furthermore, we conduct a set of numerical experiments to show evidence for theoretical analysis and measure the operation efficiency of the TCRC model for players in the supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing number of researchers are attracted by the domain of bioenergies, due to the problems induced by greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy demand. One possible way of producing biofuels in a renewable way is to use biomass, however the economic viability of a biorefinery system depends critically on the cost of its supplies. As biomass is not very expensive, logistics is responsible of an important fraction of this cost. Models and methods to optimise biomass supply chains are surveyed in this article, after introducing some technical terms and describing the main activities in these chains. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the research in this field with a focus on optimisation modelling issues and solution approaches. Recent advances in the current research and possible new directions are sketched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Third-party logistics (3PL) is a fast growing business. Many large organisations are using 3PL services to reduce operating costs, simplify business processes, and enhance operations and supply chain flexibility. In this paper, we study location-inventory decisions jointly in a closed-loop system with 3PL. First, a  model formulation is proposed to develop mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) models for the location-inventory problem under study. Then, a novel heuristics based on differential evolution and the genetic algorithm is designed to solve the MINLP  models efficiently. Last, numerical study is presented to illustrate and validate the solution approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a single-server service-inventory system where customers arrive according to a Poisson process and the service times are independent and exponentially distributed. A customer takes exactly one item from the inventory after service if it is available, or the request is lost. A continuous review policy is adopted to replenish the inventory. Upon two different information levels, i.e. the fully unobservable case and the partially observable case, arriving customers decide whether to join or to balk the system. We investigate the customers' individually optimal and socially optimal strategies, and further consider the optimal pricing issue that maximises the server's revenue. Some numerical experiments are carried out to show that the individually optimal joining probability (or threshold) is not always greater than that of socially optimal one. It is observed that, to maximise the server's revenue, concealing some system information to customers may be more profitable. Conversely, to maximise the social welfare, the customers need more system information. Finally, numerical results in the fully unobservable case illustrate a reasonable phenomenon that the revenue maximum is equal to social optimum in most cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain management has both in academia and practice proven its important role to sustain and further develop companies' competitive advantages. This is with initiatives that focus on cost-efficiencies and turnover improvement. During the last two decades, companies have faced complexity in their supply chains currently with increased global operations. The dynamic business environment forces companies to secure a competitive (re-) design of their supply chains. This paper seeks to advance the understanding on the drivers and barriers for such designs. In total, 39 experts (30 from industrial enterprises, 4 senior supply chain consultants and 5 supply chain management professors) have participated in a four-step Delphi study and have identified main drivers for dynamic supply chain design as being cost reduction, delivery reliability and change in demand for agility. The main barriers are identified as forecasting being too weak, supply chain complexity and product portfolio complexity. In addition, an explorative factor analysis has been carried out to identify how drivers and barriers can be grouped together. Finally, the paper compares the drivers and barriers underlining different competitive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a problem of supply chain coordination with discounts under demand uncertainty is studied. To solve the problem, an Affinely Adjustable Robust Optimisation model is developed. At the time when decisions about order periods, ordering quantities and discounts to offer are made, only a forecasted value of demand is available to a decision-maker. The proposed model produces a discount schedule, which is robust against the demand uncertainty. The model is also able to utilise the information about the realised demand from the previous periods in order to make decisions for future stages in an adjustable way. We consider both box and budget uncertainty sets. Computational results show the necessity of accounting for uncertainty, as the total costs of the nominal solution increase significantly even when only a small percentage of uncertainty is in place. It is testified that the affinely adjustable model produces solutions, which perform significantly better than the nominal solutions, not only on average, but also in the worst case. The trade-off between reduction of the conservatism of the model and the uncertainty protection is investigated as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to develop a hierarchy-based model for supply chain resilience (SCRES), explaining the dynamics between various enablers and validating the model empirically. Literature review and a survey identified the enablers. Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) is used to analyse the levels of relationships among enablers. Based on their driving power and dependence, these enablers are also classified into different categories. Structural equation modelling is used to validate the hierarchical SCRES model and test the path analytical model. The study provides empirical justification for a framework that identifies 13 key enablers of resilient supply chain practices and describes the relationship among them using ISM. It also classifies them using Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification analysis on the basis of their driver power and dependence. The key finding is that using the proposed model, organisations can enhance their resilience potential by modifying their strategic assets. The model was tested using rigorous statistical tests including convergent validity, discriminant validity and reliability. The holistic view offered by the proposed model depicts the relationship among enablers to achieve SCRES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) under four reverse channel structures where a central planner, a manufacturer (M), a retailer (R) or a third party (T), respectively, serves as the collector of used product and demand depends on R's marketing effort. We derive supply chain profitability under both the centralised and decentralised CLSCs and furnish the optimal marketing effort, collection rate and pricing decisions for the supply chain members. We then extend the base models along two directions: the first extension incorporates R's distributional fairness concerns into the M collection model and the second extension considers potential recycle cost advantages by R and T compared to the M collection model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study the current activities, and operations of the processed chicken products and to study the feasibility of an investment project in the production of this process of the case study company. The population in this study was those involved who are directly responsible for the investment project of processed chicken products. The tool is a semi-structural interview that collected the data research by applying the value chain concept and the feasibility study of the investment project. The data analysis of this research is to measure the results and make an investment decision. The finding found the value chain operations show deficiencies in activities and lost revenue of sales opportunities. The feasibility study is considered in an investment project to assess the feasibility of all three aspects. Firstly, the marketing manner found the low production cost of the product cost and the opportunity to technically competed in the market. Secondly, the production process and capacity included the machine tools used that are suitable for the ability production volume with the sufficient to support future demand trends. Finally, the finance manner found the project uses an initial investment of 8,710,000 baht, a project lifetime of 5 years. The net present value of 6,832,048.71 baht. The payback period of 2 years 1 month 11 days, and a rate of return within the project as a percentage of 43.64% Therefore, this feasibility of an investment project in processed chicken products is suitable for investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research underlines the crucial role of disruption events and recovery policies in supply chains. Despite a wealth of literature on supply chain design with disruption considerations, to the best of our knowledge there is no survey on supply chain with disruptions and recovery considerations. We analyse state-of-the-art research streams on supply chain design and planning with both disruptions and recovery considerations with the aim of relating the existing quantitative methods to empirical research. The paper structures and classifies existing research streams and application areas of different quantitative methods subject to different disruption risks and recovery measures. We identify gaps in current research and delineate future research avenues. The results of this study are twofold: operations and supply chain managers can observe which quantitative tools are available for different application areas; on the other hand, limitations and future research needs for decision-support methods in supply chain risk management domains can be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, marine container chassis have emerged at the forefront of container port operations in the United States, after shipping lines stopped providing chassis as part of their service. With the operation and management responsibilities transferred to new parties, chassis dislocation has been a major problem across the United States. To ensure chassis availability, one response has been the creation of so-called neutral chassis pools, introducing new challenges for container port operations. This paper presents a mathematical model that can be used to objectively support the management and planning of neutral chassis pools. An empirical case study is provided to illustrate the model. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses research which examined the successful supply chain development in China of Japanese apparel firm Uniqlo. Topics covered include the discrete dynamic stages that the company went through in its supply chain development efforts, how by exercising dynamic power concentration has helped Uniqlo develp relational governance with suppliers, and the technical support it provided to help suppliers build competence.

With the development of global logistical systems to coordinate the movement of goods, cities around the world are being reconceived as nodes in circuits of commodity capital. These efforts are reshaping urban environments and provoking novel forms of political resistance. They are also bringing distant places and subjects into new relations of interaction and interdependence. This article traces the web of urban change and contestation that has taken shape around the expansion of the Panama Canal, an infrastructure megaproject with reverberations that have been felt in port cities throughout the Americas. Drawing on research conducted in the Panama City, Los Angeles, and New York City areas, I examine efforts to remake urban space in the name of smooth, efficient circulation—what I call supply-chain urbanism—and the struggles that have ensued over land, labor, and environments. The concept of supply-chain urbanism calls attention to the life-damaging impacts of goods movement on communities and workers, impacts that are unevenly distributed across space, race, and class. Crucially, it also underscores the connections between seemingly disparate episodes of urban change and resistance. Beyond shedding light on emerging forms of logistics-based urbanization, the article illustrates the value of relational methodologies for the study of networked urban dynamics. In disclosing the wider forces, processes, and flows that connect far-flung experiences of urban transformation and struggle, such approaches can apprehend the interlinked character of contemporary urbanization processes in ways that purely local perspectives cannot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operational disruptions impact a supply chain’s ability to match supply and demand. To remain competitive, supply chains need to be resilient and thus capable of rapidly and effectively recovering from operational disruptions. Supply chain resilience is inherently multidimensional, as it spans across multiple tiers, and thus is difficult to quantify. Extant research has measured the transient response through a single-dimension or single-organisation as a proxy for operational resilience. Whilst this greatly simplifies the analysis, it is also potentially misleading, as an erroneous selection of metric(s) may lead to an inaccurate evaluation of the transient response. This research extends the understanding of operational resilience via quantitative evaluation of multiple transient response measures across multiple tiers; the objective being to construct a multidimensional, multi-echelon operational supply chain resilience metric. The study utilises disruptions as experimental inputs for a serial supply chain simulation model; results are obtained for individual measurements of the transient response across multiple supply chain tiers. Analysis indicates that individual dimensions of resilience can adequately explain the transient response at thesingle-firm level, whilst aggregation of multiple resilience dimensions across multiple tiers has greater capacity to holistically capture the performance response to supply chain disruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article introduces the relationship between complexities and proactive management practices in supply chain resilience, particularly due to global sourcing (GS) strategies. The main objectives of this paper are as follows: (i) explain the various aspects of GS rather than reporting the trends and implications described in the literature, (ii) view GS in terms of complexity theory and (iii) investigate the resilience of supply chain due to GS complexity and suggest strategies to overcome complexities. We propose a GS resilience framework for future researchers to analyse the impact of GS complexity factors on supply chain resilience with respect to three outcomes: (i) risk and innovation, (ii) benefit in terms of sales promotion and (iii) challenges and responsiveness. Based on the framework, this introductory article summarises the papers appear in this special issue. This article would be useful to researchers and practitioners to further explore the role of complexities, proactive management strategies on GS resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We studied competition in multi-echelon supply chains with a distributive structure. Firms in the supply chain are grouped into homogeneous sectors that contain identical firms with identical production capabilities that all produce exactly one undifferentiated product. Each sector may distribute its product to several different downstream sectors, and each sector is only supplied by a single upstream sector. The demand curves in final markets are assumed to be linear, as are the variable costs of production in all sectors. Competition is modelled via the successive Cournot model in which firms choose production quantities for their downstream market so as to maximise their own profits, given prices for the input. Under these assumptions, equilibrium prices, quantities and firm-level profits for any multi-echelon distributive network can be derived. We discuss the network transformation properties, and using these properties, we examine the effect of demand parameter changes and cost changes on any firm’s equilibrium price, quantity and profit. We also explore the effects of entry on the equilibrium solution. While the effects of upstream entry on downstream sectors are as expected, the effect of downstream entry on upstream sectors, and therefore on sectors in parallel (lateral) paths, can be quite counter-intuitive. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper proposes supply chain (SC) risk readiness and resiliency measures and formulates a model for planning and controlling select internal business factors to create desired risk resiliency in order to avert potential risks and mitigate their after-effect. SCs may be exposed to events that affect their business operations, and primarily impact the production processes (i.e. production-related risks), or events (such as natural calamities or terrorism) that affect the way the business interacts with the market, and primarily impact the transportation and distribution processes (i.e. market-related risks). Although a business cannot control such disasters as natural calamities or terrorism, it is possible to identify and control the factors that are responsible for production-related risks and that influence several market-related risks or disasters. The proposed model and the measures will guide SCs through the process of identification, planning and controlling the internal factors that make the chain resilient to these various risks. The resiliency measures and the mixed integer programming model will also enable SCs to conduct what-if analyses of cost and performance trade-off options. A numerical example illustrates the planning in typical scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We explore a stylised decision model in order to better understand the trade-offs inherent in locating the point of purchase on a supply chain. In simple terms, a supply chain can be visualised as a series of value-adding production stages where the end product becomes increasingly differentiated as it travels downstream. The manufacturer is responsible for all processing up to the point of purchase, whereas the buyer (a value-added reseller) is responsible for further processing up to the end of product completion. Product demand becomes more and more uncertain with each downstream stage resulting in ever larger errors in matching demand with supply. Our paper proposes an approach and a model for finding the best location for the interface between the manufacturer and buyer so that the buyer’s expected total profit is maximised, and explores how product characteristics such as configurability and lead time sensitivity of demand might impact the results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Studies about supply chain coordination have emphasised maximising the profit of the overall supply chain, but the profit changes of individual members in the supply chain have often been overlooked. It has been shown that profit increment of the whole supply chain may not be beneficial for every individual member. Therefore, the use of quantity discounts to achieve the coordination of a supply chain is discussed in this article. A two-echelon selling system with a single buyer and multiple suppliers is considered to enhance profitability for both sides at the same time. An acceptable quantity discount condition for both the buyer and the suppliers to determine an appropriate order quantity allocation to produce more profits in the supply chain is proposed. Furthermore, the profit distribution between the buyer and each supplier is studied. Finally, the results of the numerical application show that the buyer should focus on managing the procurement costs to decrease the acquiring costs, and the suppliers should focus on the fixed costs of management to reduce the production costs in machine operations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study proposes a supply chain system model containing Nash game companies that compete in a common market. Each company adopts a vertical integration strategy and runs offline and online selling channels. To maximise profits, the companies determine optimal production quantities and prices. Using theory of finite-dimensional variational inequality, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium pattern and develop a converged algorithm. Numerically, we compute the equilibrium production quantities and prices, and subsequently generate three findings through sensitivity analyses. By changing the transportation cost, we demonstrate that the offline price is conditionally higher than the online price with different transportation and processing costs. All equilibrium prices and profits decrease when substitution intensity is increased, and thus companies should differentiate their products. Altering consumer preference for online purchasing shows that consumer preference significantly influences the production quantities and profits. Online selling is not positively affected by consumer preference for online purchasing but is affected by the complex relationship between consumer preference and its variable cost. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Supply network (SN) complexity is the main challenge for managers in predicting the consequences of their firm’s relationship strategy decisions. The number of relationships and their interconnectedness constitute SN complexity and moreover, a firm’s relationships inside an SN are coevolved. It is, therefore, important to investigate how a specific relationship strategy has connected and coevolved with other types of relationship strategies in the context of a specific business situation and the interaction policies of firms. What kind of attractors of interconnected relationships will emerge? To address these issues, we model firms’ interactions inside an SN using cellular automata and complex adaptive system perspectives. Several micro-rules that mimic the drivers and mechanisms of all archetypes of relationship strategies (i.e. cooperation, defection, competition and co-opetition) were programmed inside agents. Experiments using the prisoner’s dilemma game reward schemes, representing business situation factors, have been built and the results show that the coevolution of interconnected relationship strategies coevolution causes the emergence of interesting attractors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the face of increasing supply base complexity, organisations have to develop new ways to manage or mitigate risk. This paper investigates the impact of four dimensions of complexity on the frequency of disruptions and plant performance. We apply insights from organisational information processing theory to understand how organisations can mitigate against the impact of more frequent disruptions. We test the moderating effects of slack resources as a means to absorb the effects of disruptions and supply visibility as a means to improve the ability to handle disruptions. The model is tested with data from 264 supply chain management professionals. Our findings broadly support the original hypotheses and suggest that supply base complexity can increase the frequency of disruptions and reduce plant performance but that slack resources and visibility can help to mitigate the effects. The study offers valuable insights into the management of supply base complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study draws on the tenets of transaction cost economics to examine the moderating effect of supply chain complexity on the relationship between formal control and social control mechanisms, and operational performance. The study argues that under conditions of increased supply chain complexity, the effect of formal control mechanism on operational performance is weakened while the effect of social control mechanism on operational performance is strengthened. These propositions are tested on a sample of 331 firms in a sub-Saharan Africa market, Ghana. Findings from the study show that at higher levels of supply chain complexity, formal control and social control have negative and positive effects on operational performance, respectively. These findings provide nuanced perspectives on how the performance consequences of formal and social controls vary under the same organizational circumstance. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether supply chain capabilities (i.e., collaboration and coordination) mediate the relationships between interfirm governance mechanisms (i.e., formal control and social control) and supply chain responsiveness in the context of small businesses. Using survey data from 331 small businesses in Ghana, we find that interfirm governance mechanisms are not directly related to supply chain responsiveness. Additional results show that interfirm governance mechanisms have positive indirect relationships, via supply chain capabilities, with supply chain responsiveness. Overall, this paper offers an improved understanding of how interfirm governance mechanisms might contribute to supply chain responsiveness in small businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article asks whether and how local firms in low-income countries can participate, upgrade and capture value in apparel global value chains in the context of increased entry barriers and asymmetric power relations. It focuses on Madagascar, which is the top apparel exporter in Sub-Saharan Africa and one where there is a significant number of local firms. The article examines the capability-building processes of local firms, which are the basis for upgrading paths and broader sector development. We do this by combining conceptual insights from the Technological Capabilities literature with the conjunctural approach to Global Value Chains and Global Production Networks. Based on extensive fieldwork in Madagascar's apparel export sector, the article explains how the relational, local and regional assets that local firms can leverage in building technological capabilities influence their choices with regards to export strategies and their upgrading paths. In turn, these assets are linked to different types of local ownership, and they emerge through historical legacies and the national socio-economic context, which give rise to specific transnational social relations, as well as through regional economic formations and global value chain dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a reverse supply chain comprising two independent companies: the collector and the remanufacturer. The collector is responsible for sorting the collected used products and then transporting the ‘remanufacturable’ items to the remanufacturer. As sorting is not perfectly accurate, the misclassification errors affect the optimal decisions in the reverse supply chain. We focus on the optimal collection quantity for the collector and the optimal order quantity for the remanufacturer using game theory under both deterministic and uncertain demand. We characterise the optimal solution and show that under certain conditions, the remanufacturer should allow the collector to transport more ‘remanufacturables’ than the order quantity. We then examine the case where both the collector and the remanufacturer belong to a single company with centralised decision-making and compare the optimal collection quantities under both structures of the reverse supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In practice, it is common for companies to purchase multiple products simultaneously. For the multiple required products, a large number of interested suppliers are involved. It is necessary for the purchasing company to shortlist a small number of qualified and competitive potential suppliers prior to finalising the suppliers for order fulfilment. In addition, synergy effect which is an effect arising between two or more products that produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects, could exist in the multi-product supplier selection environment. Since synergy effect between products can affect the choice of suppliers, it is also necessary to incorporate the synergy effect between products in the supplier selection for multiple products. However, few research efforts have been focused on the supplier pre-selection problem, let alone explicitly for multiple products with synergy effect. This paper presents a supplier pre-selection model for multiple products with synergy effect. The model is able to evaluate interested suppliers on the multiple pre-selection criteria, by the fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)-based supplier pre-selection algorithm, and shortlist a small number of potential suppliers. Illustrative examples are conducted to demonstrate the function and application of the supplier pre-selection model for multiple products with synergy effect. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Supply and production uncertainties can affect the scheduling and inventory performance of final production systems. Facing such uncertainties, production managers normally choose to maintain the original production schedule, or follow the first-in-first-out policy. This paper develops a new, dynamic algorithm policy that considers scheduling and inventory problems, by taking advantage of real-time shipping information enabled by today’s advanced technology. Simulation models based on the industrial example of a chemical company and the Taguchi’s method are used to test these three policies under 81 experiments with varying supply and production lead times and uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed dynamic algorithm outperforms the other two policies for supply chain cost. Results from Taguchi’s method show that companies should focus their long-term effort on the reduction of supply lead times, which positively affects the mitigation of supply uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The survival of a company nowadays depends on answering to a customer-driven economy, and therefore relies on the performance of its entire network of partners. Competition is no longer among companies nor among supply chains, but rather between networks of companies which form a value network. Thus, the need has arisen to analyse the performance of a network of companies, and include the customer-perceived value in the strategic decision-making process. This paper proposes a framework and a tool to model, simulate and analyse a value network as a decision support system. The method extends the SimulValor approach and language. The discrete event simulation tool relies on a developed value network simulation library. This paper presents a case study in the shoemaking industry to validate the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study seeks to better understand the role of supply chain analytics (SCA) on supply chain planning satisfaction and operational performance. We define the architecture of SCA as the integration of three sets of resources, data management resources (DMR), IT-enabled planning resources and performance management resources (PMR), from the perspective of a resource-based view. Based on the data collected from 537 manufacturing plants, we test hypotheses exploring the relationships among these resources, supply chain planning satisfaction, and operational performance. Our analysis supports that DMR should be considered a key building block of manufacturers’ business analytics initiatives for supply chains. The value of data is transmitted to outcome values through increasing supply chain planning and performance capabilities. Additionally, the deployment of advanced IT-enabled planning resources occurs after acquisition of DMR. Manufacturers with sophisticated planning technologies are likely to take advantage of data-driven processes and quality control practices. DMR are found to be a stronger predictor of PMR than IT planning resources. All three sets of resources are related to supply chain planning satisfaction and operational performance. The paper concludes by reviewing research limitations and suggesting further SCA research issues. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper aims to help supply chain managers to determine the value of retailer–supplier partnership initiatives beyond information sharing (IS) according to their specific business environment under time-varying demand conditions. For this purpose, we use integer linear programming models to quantify the benefits that can be accrued by a retailer, a supplier and system as a whole from shift in inventory ownership and shift in decision-making power with that of IS. The results of a detailed numerical study pertaining to static time horizon reveal that the shift in inventory ownership provides system-wide cost benefits in specific settings. Particularly, when it induces the retailer to order larger quantities and the supplier also prefers such orders due to significantly high setup and shipment costs. We observe that the relative benefits of shift in decision-making power are always higher than the shift in inventory ownership under all the conditions. The value of the shift in decision-making power is greater than IS particularly when the variability of underlying demand is low and time-dependent variation in production cost is high. However, when the shipment cost is negligible and order issuing efficiency of the supplier is low, the cost benefits of shift in decision-making power beyond IS are not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of journal rankings has been an issue of frequent debate, likely due to the effect rankings can have on academic careers. While many rankings have been done over the years, few, if any, take into account what really matters to academics’ careers, how their own departments evaluate their research. This study collected department journal ranking lists from top international supply chain programmes. The resulting data, approximately 70% US and 30% international, presents a diverse perspective on the journals considered when analysing research productivity. A cluster analysis is performed and the results are compared with impact factors for select journals; we also discuss the differences highlighted between perceived rankings based on the departments’ geographic location. The results show that the field still has some divisions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we empirically test the theoretical model underlying the Toyota Way (TW), based on data obtained from Toyota’s logistics, sales and marketing functions across 27 countries. TW is the result of Toyota attempting to codify its culture to the global community. Using structural equation modelling techniques we show that the TW-associated measures challenge, kaizen, genchi genbutsu, respect and teamwork do adequately operationally define the TW; the first three measures corresponding to the construct ‘process improvement’ and the final two measures corresponding to the construct ‘people development’. Empirically, people development is found to have no direct effect on how the TW is deployed across a business unit. However, people development is found to be indirectly related to TW deployment through the mediating effect of process improvement. Our study provides quantitative evidence that while the intangible aspects of the TW (modelled as people development) may not directly relate to the results, they are an integral component of a complete implementation of the TW and related ‘Lean’ systems. By logical extension, this provides support for adoption of a holistic and long-term strategy, integrating soft and hard elements, by those organisations attempting to implement and sustain Toyota-style systems. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper describes an integer linear programming model conceived as an alternative to a traditional material requirements planning (MRP) system for extending the concept of supply chain synchronisation upstream in a multi-tier supply chain. In this model, we assume there is an incumbent application for transmitting original equipment manufacturer (OEM) requirements to first-, second- and third-tier suppliers. The proposed model is regarded as being embedded within a web-enabled, multi-tier, supply chain information system that provides the application for transmitting the production requirements. The principal motivation for having second- and third-tier suppliers that are synchronised with OEM and first-tier activity is the significant inventory, lead time and responsiveness gains that can potentially be achieved. Here, inventory is considered as a whole across a supply chain, and stock-outs are prohibited for the first-tier supplier. For illustration purposes, an example based on a real, automotive case study is provided. The model results proved better in terms of inventory and bullwhip reduction than those found in a previous simulation-based approach. Also, a comparison of the proposed case results with those of a conventional MRP application is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An integrated multi-stage scheduling and routing problem with alternative machines at each supply chain (SC) stage and non-preemptive operations is studied. The peculiarity of the considered problem is the consideration of both continuous flows in operations and discrete assignments. Such problems are typical in the process industry. Taking into account the basic aspects that pertain to this case, a dynamic decomposition of the problem on the basis of optimal programme control is proposed. A particular feature and novelty of the presented study is the consideration of non-preemptive operations and their execution dynamics. The solution is based on a combined application of discrete and continuous optimization. With the special properties of the proposed scheduling model, it becomes possible to develop an optimal solution to the integrated scheduling and routing of jobs. Since the schedule generation is formulated in control terms, the models of scheduling and adaptation can be integrated. From the practical point of view, such integration can be advantageous subject to further dynamic analysis of the robustness, stability, and adaptability of SC schedules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase the economic benefit of product recovery at the end of life of a consumer product, the profit margins should be augmented. This can be realised by utilising the existing flexibility of today’s mostly manually-conducted disassembly processes. Moreover, with increased economic benefits, the recovery becomes even more attractive, which is also beneficial to the environment. A key component of product recovery is disassembly. Allowing different disassembly states (or levels) per core (i.e. recovered product) increases flexibility in planning. This should result in higher profits, as long as the flexibility is still manageable for the companies. This study focuses on flexible disassembly planning, i.e. the integration of sequencing aspects into disassembly (process) planning. In addition, we further incorporate the condition of items in the core, item damaging, purity requirements, special treatment of hazardous items and several limitations like core availability, item, module and material distribution, disposal and labour time limit. We base our developed mixed integer linear programme on graphs, such as the disassembly state graph for sequencing, and a hypergraph to model the core condition. Lastly, our considerations are illustrated by a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abnormal production (AP) is an unavoidable evil in which manufacturers must hold all production resources until the AP issue is resolved. This study proposes a new case-based diagnosis mechanism (named eDM) that allows manufacturers to accelerate AP resolution. eDM consists of two intelligent agents implemented by an enhanced case-based reasoning algorithm. Also, eDM provides the AP factor analysis result from four dimensions: human operator, equipment, raw material, and production method. The feature-aggregation function diagnoses AP by inferring the potential symptoms to improve the accuracy of the AP factor analysis. To validate the feasibility and efficiency of eDM, this study investigates a manufacturer in Taiwan as the experimental target and conducts two field experiments. Experimental results show that for all the cases the diagnosis can be accomplished after two to three iterations of eDM. Compared with a general diagnosis process in terms of 188 cases, eDM evaluates, on average, seven to eight cases for each iteration that exhibits a relative increase in reasoning efficiency. eDM is also shown to be an intelligent expert system that provides inexperienced production engineers (PEs) with suggestions based on historical cases to accelerate the AP resolution process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As third-party logistics (3PL) plays an increasingly important role in businesses, managing dependences between 3PL providers and users has become critical for business success. Drawing on the resource dependency theory (RDT), we propose that logistics integration and interorganisational relationships are two effective approaches for 3PL users to cope with their dependence on 3PL providers and to achieve better financial performance. The model was empirically tested using data collected from 134 3PL users in China. The results show that both inter-organisational relationships and integration and their interplay effectively carry the positive influence of dependence on financial performance. We also find that while both interorganisational relationships and integration are effective for Chinese-controlled 3PL users to leverage their dependence on 3PL providers for financial performance improvement, foreign-controlled 3PL users rely solely on interorganisational relationships to manage their dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The closed-loop supply chain system, which integrates forward and reverse logistics, is a desirable policy for retaining recoverable resources and extending the life cycles of products. In this study, we propose a methodology to contend with a demand-driven disassembly planning problem under a closed-loop supply chain system. A two-stage robust programming model is developed correspondingly, such that multiple products with a hierarchical product's structure are disassembled to satisfy uncertain demands in multiple periods. The objective of the model is to determine a robust decision for recycle volume and timing of each type of end-of-life (EOL) product, as well as recovery strategies. The results provide two-stage decisions by considering future scenarios of periodic demands at the beginning of a planning horizon. The first-stage decision is to determine a compromise solution that is close to the optimal solution for every scenario while retaining a certain level of infeasibility of constraints, such as unsatisfied demand. Afterward, when the outcome of a scenario has been realised, the second-stage decision, such as, inventory volume, is conducted to become a buffer for mitigating uncertain impacts. Furthermore, the computational results confirm the trade-off relationship between solution robustness and model robustness, which are core results of the robust model apart from expected profit. The different types of decision makers’ preferences toward risk can be accounted for to determine a compromise robust solution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a decision-support software system based on web services, capable of modelling the supply chain and querying the supply-chain partners to provide information, regarding the availability of parts, required for the production of a highly customisable product. Furthermore, it describes the details of a software system for the evaluation of time and financial feasibility of acquiring the necessary parts in order for the customised product to be built. The feasibility of implementing this approach is demonstrated in a typical automotive case study. The system is capable of simulating the customer's orders impact on the supply-chain operation, while it utilises the Web services technology for facilitating the supply-chain control logic. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This research aims to investigate the contributions of interorganisational relationships and knowledge-management practices as predictors of collaborative commerce (c-commerce) adoption. A non-compensatory adoption decision process was modelled using a neural network approach to examine the predictors of c-commerce adoption. A survey was undertaken in 136 firms for this research. The results showed that both interorganisational relationships and knowledge-management processes played an important role in predicting the adoption of c-commerce. In particular, variables from interorganisational relationships such as trust, communication, collaboration, and information sharing are found to contribute strongly to the predictive power of the model when compared with knowledge-management processes. This study provides insights for firms that would like to improve their supply-chain collaboration through the implementation of c-commerce. The findings lead to an understanding of what attributes of interorganisational relationships and knowledge-management processes can contribute to the improved adoption of c-commerce in the supply chain. Unlike past adoption studies which have tended to focus on technology, and organisational and environmental factors, this research examined interorganisational relationships and knowledge-management processes which are increasingly gaining the attention of researchers and practitioners. This study has also extended the existing literature by examining a non-compensatory model for technology adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Research shows that most retailers expand abroad by transferring some elements of their format, and therefore their value chain, unchanged, while adapting other elements. However, little is known about how strongly a retail format's standardized or adapted elements affect performance in a foreign country. To shed light on this issue, this study focuses on the design of important processes and offerings, as both determine retailers' efficiency and sales. This study proposes that successful retailers build on the unchanged know-how parts of the format by combining more standardized core elements with adapted peripheral elements. The authors draw from a survey of 102 international retailers and interviews with 126 executives conducted at their headquarters. The results show that retailers transfer offers (marketing programs) and processes (marketing and supply chain) differently and hierarchically; that is, peripheral elements are allowed to vary, whereas core elements are transferred in a more standardized manner. Furthermore, the relationship between marketing program elements and performance varies: the use of standardized core elements (e.g., store types, locations) and adapted peripheral elements (e.g., assortments, promotions) is advisable for increasing performance in another country. Processes are only indirectly associated with performance. These observations hold true for both psychically close and distant countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the logistics service supply chain (LSSC), quality supervision and coordination is an important approach that can ensure the effective operation of LSSC and obtain more customers. This paper aims to study the quality decisions of the functional logistics service provider (FLSP) and the logistics service integrator (LSI) when a service quality defect guarantee is promised by the FLSP. Assuming that customer demand is a function of the quality defect guarantee of the FLSP, the optimal quality decisions of the LSI and FLSP are presented under three typical game modes: Nash game, Stackelberg game, and centralised decision. Numerical analysis is conducted to show how the quality parameters of the customer affect the optimal quality decision-making behaviour of the LSI and FLSP. The research results indicate that, under all three game modes, the optimal quality defect guarantee of the FLSP increases as the customer punishment increases, and decreases as the elasticity of the customer demand for the quality defect guarantee increases. In addition, under all three game modes, the optimal quality supervision effort of the LSI is an increasing function of both customer punishment and elasticity of the customer demand for the quality defect guarantee. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study considers a two-echelon system in which a vendor produces a product at a finite production rate and supplies it to several buyers facing independent normally-distributed demands. The product is delivered to the buyers using a set of different speed vehicles with identical capacity and different operating costs. The issues of lead time reduction and the service level constraint on the buyers have been incorporated in the model. A model is formulated to determine the optimal production–inventory policy, vehicle routes and vehicle type for each route by minimising the related production, inventory, lead time crashing and transportation costs of the system while satisfying the service level constraint on each buyer. A coordinated two-phase iterative approach is proposed to solve the model. Finally, a numerical example is included to describe the solution approach and illustrate the results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]