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Background Problem behavior of young children is generally not assessed with structured child interviews. This paper examined how information about problem behavior, obtained by structured interviews with six-year-old children, relates to DSM-disorders obtained from parents and to treatment referral. Methods In a population-based cohort, caregivers of 1084 young children (mean age 6.7 years) were interviewed with the DSM-based Diagnostic Interview Schedule-Young Child version (DISC-YC), and they scored the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Children themselves were interviewed about problem behavior using the semi-structured Berkeley Puppet Interview (BPI). Information regarding treatment referral to mental health services was obtained by parent-reported questionnaire when children were on average eight years old. Results DSM-disorders and CBCL problems in the clinical range were cross-sectionally associated with higher levels of child self-reported problems. Associations were strongest in the externalizing domain (e.g. DISC-YC externalizing disorders with BPI externalizing scores: F (1, 416) = 19.39, P < 0.001; DISC-YC internalizing disorders with BPI internalizing scores: F (1, 312) = 3.75, P = 0.054). Moreover, higher BPI internalizing and externalizing problem scores predicted treatment referral two years later. Conclusions We conclude that systematically interviewing preschool and young elementary school-aged children should be an integral part of child assessment. This approach may contribute to a better understanding of child development and may predict future problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Associations between personality and motivation have been investigated using various operationalizations for both constructs, but no study so far has linked the HEXACO personality space to achievement goals. The aim of the present study was thus to explore relations between the HEXACO personality domains and achievement goals focusing particularly on Honesty–Humility. Participants were 173 high-school students with a mean age of 14.49 ( SD = 1.04) years. Data were collected using questionnaires assessing the HEXACO personality inventory and students' mastery goals, performance-approach goals, and performance-avoidance goals for school in general. With few exceptions, findings were consistent with associations reported for the Big Five dimensions and achievement goals. Moreover, Honesty–Humility showed a distinct pattern of systematic relations with achievement goals, correlating positively with mastery goals and negatively with both performance-approach goals and performance-avoidance goals. Finally, relative weights analyses revealed that Honesty–Humility accounted for substantial proportions of explained variance in all achievement goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is developing adolescent form (11-16 years old) of Nine Types Temperament Scale (NTTS) depending on Nine Types Temperament Model (Study 1) and evaluating and searching the relationship between Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Types of NTTM (Study 2). Sample of Study I consist of 1240 students who are between 11 and 16 years old. Pilot form of the Scale which consists of 90 items is tested with confirmatory factor analysis and with convergent and discriminant validity and the last version of the measure which consist of 82 items is prepared. Basic Personality Traits Inventory (BPTI) which depends on Fife Factor Model is used for Criterion-related validation. Results show that NTTS-A is valid and reliable measure for evaluating temperament types between 11-16 years adolescents. Their fit index is calculated as ?2 /df <3; SRMR, 0.06; RMSEA, 0.045; CFI, 0.909: TLI, 0901 supported to validity data. Sample of Study II consist of 56 adolescents who are diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV diagnosis criteria and 56 students who does not get diagnosed with ADHD or mental retardation/medical disorder. Temperament types of participants are evaluated by the agency of Study-I and NTTS-A, which is developed appropriate for Turkish culture. Indication of the study shows that there are more NTT7 and NTT8 in NTTM types between adolescents with ADHD than the group, who are not diagnosed with ADHD. As a result, it is discussed that traits which belong to some temperament types could have a predisposing effect on emergence of ADHD, experiencing these traits extreme severely could cause a view similar to ADHD and ADHD which is a neurodevelopmental disease could interact with temperament traits of person, in that way it could illustrate ADHD clinic. Available findings support critics about that students are labelled as ADHD specially in the last years in education environment even if they have mostly not developmental problems and students are diagnosed easily with limited observations. However, it is asserted that diagnosis based on temperament, treatment and psychosocial support programmes could be formed and effects of ADHD, which is a factor interacting with temperament traits, on personality structure of adolescents on their development process, could be predicted. Our study has the feature of being the first measure developing study which is intended to evaluate temperament types of adolescents between 11-16 years old and also it is has the feature of being the first study which searches relationship between NTTM types and ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article se penche sur le thème de la personnalité de base traité dans la littérature sociologique, anthropologique et psychologique du monde arabe. Le but recherché est de comprendre comment les chercheurs arabes ont appliqué ce concept forgé par l'école culturaliste américaine dans leurs contextes nationaux respectifs. Une comparaison du livre d'Ali al-Wardi La personnalité de l'individu irakien à une sélection d'ouvrages et d'articles écrits par des auteurs libanais comme Jean Salem, Mounir Chamoun et Joseph Mouwanès restreint l'angle d'observation à deux pays arabes à savoir l'Irak et le Liban. Un rapprochement systématique entre ces différents travaux dégage leurs similitudes et leurs dissemblances. Les expressions ou les termes utilisés pour désigner la personnalité de base comme « personnalité de l'individu irakien », « peuple libanais », etc., sont identifiés. Le répertoire des principales sources théoriques occidentales ou arabes et le mode de leur d'application sont établis. La démarche méthodologique et les résultats obtenus sont analysés. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Longitudinal research of well Amish children over 16 years to identify the pattern and frequency of prodromal symptoms/behaviors associated with onset of BPI disorder during childhood or adolescence. Methods: Parental informants were interviewed annually using structured and semi-structured interviews to record medical, developmental and behavioral/symptomatic data for their children in two samples. The bipolar sample had 115 children with a BPI parent. The control sample had 106 children of well parents, with and without a positive family history for mood disorders. A panel of clinicians assigned risk ratings independently and blind to family relations. Results: Eight children, age 13 or older, onset with BPI in the bipolar sample compared with one in the control sub-sample (well parent of a BPI sibling). The specific “pre-school” behaviors/symptoms that most identified children with BPI from well children in control samples were: sensitivity, crying, hyper-alertness, anxiety/worry and somatic complaints. During school years, parents reported mood (sad) and energy changes (low not high) decreased sleep and fearfulness as key symptoms. Limitations: The sample of 9 BPI onsets is small. However, a variable age of onset means many children remain at risk. Although not statistically significant, 34.6% of the bipolar sample youngsters carry risk ratings compared to 15.2% among controls. Conclusions: The miniclusters of prodromal features that emerged pre-school (ages 1–6), were “episodic” through childhood (7–12) and appeared to mimic adult recurrent illness. Prepubertal onset with mania did not occur. The pattern of prodromal symptoms has clinical relevance for its potential predictive value for onset with BPI disorder and early intervention. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) studies have been carried out in the mixed system, betaine phosphite-betaine phosphate (BPI(1-x)BPx), to study the effects of disorder. The T1 data in the temperature range 100 K to 4 K, at two Larmor frequencies 11.4 and 23.3 MHz, has been analysed following Lourens' model, which shows a gradual transition from classical reorientations to quantum tunnelling motions. At lower temperatures, (when thermal motions become too slow) differences (due to disorder) in the local environments of the reorienting groups result in a distribution in the activation energy (Ea) and the energy gap of the ground to the first excited torsional level (E01). Below 50 K, the system moves into the quantum tunneling regime and the magnetisation recovery shows biexponential behaviour which is another signature of disorder. These results are compared with those of the parent compounds BP and BPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employed the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI) to differentiate various types of dis-simulation, including malingered psychopathology and faking good, by inmates. In particular, the role of intelligence in utilizing symptom information to successfully malinger was examined. On admission to a correctional facility, 161 inmates completed the BPI under standard instructions and then again under instructions to fake good (n = 55) or to malinger psychotic (n = 35), posttraumatic stress disorder (n = 36), or somatoform (n = 35) psychopathology. Unlike symptom information, intelligence evidenced some support for increasing inmates’ effectiveness in malingering, although there was no relationship between higher intelligence and using symptom information to successfully evade detection. Overall, the BPI was more effective in detecting malingered psychopathology than faking good. Implications for the detection of dissimulation in correctional and forensic settings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concurrent validity of a brief screening test, the Multidimensional Health Profile-Health Functioning (MHP-H) was examined in conjunction with a much more lengthy pre-operative assessment procedure in 449 applicants for gastric bypass surgery (GBS). The MHP-H is a 69-item screening inventory that assesses five areas of health functioning: Adult Health History, Health Habits, Health Care Utilization, Health Beliefs and Attitudes, and Response to Illness. The more lengthy procedure included a comprehensive 273-item structured interview plus the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), Basic Personality Inventory (BPI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The MHP-H showed significant correspondence with the more comprehensive assessment on measures of potential relevance to outcome in GBS, supporting the use of the MHP-H as a low-cost alternative to the more extensive procedure. The utility of the MHP-Psychosocial Functioning (MHP-P), a companion instrument to the MHP-H, was demonstrated in an earlier study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]