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In early 2012, South Africa's Western Cape Province enacted new alcohol control legislation amid mounting concern with the costs of alcohol-related harms. This has focused on urban shebeen closure to control the informal, unlicensed trade and the harms it generates through crime, violence and injury. In contrast to policy discourse, this paper contends that rather than existing outside regulation, the city's shebeeners embrace multiple (self and collective) regulatory strategies to manage the inherent risks of their own informality. Drawing on novel empirical data including a ‘business census’ and interviews with the police and liquor traders across four Cape Town case study sites, the paper adds new depth to contemporary engagements with the appropriate and equitable regulation of the South African informal liquor trade. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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Considerable theoretical and empirical inquiry has focused on the role codes for violence play in generating crime. A large part of this work has examined the attitudes and codes condoning retaliation and violence as well as the prevalence of these among minorities residing in impoverished neighborhoods. Much about the nature of codes remains unknown, however, and this may in part reflect a narrow interest in beliefs about provocation and uses of violence among the inner-city poor. In this study, we elaborate on a code of violence as part of a system of order and honor as articulated by a network of White, working-class males in a southern U.S. city who participate in bar fights. The findings suggest that the code these men use prohibits predatory violence, puts exclusive limitations on situations that warrant violence, and constrains the level of violence in a fight. We detail the contours of this code (e.g., purpose of fighting, the rules of honorable fighting, and justifications for violating these rules) and discuss the code as both a cause and a consequence of behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the social and cultural aspects of the saloons in Braidwood, Illinois from 1865 through 1883. The relationship between the coal miners who patronized saloons and their families is discussed. An overview of the coal mining community within Braidwood, including the community's relationship with tavern owners, is provided. The relationship among the social classes of Braidwood is discussed.

There is no place like England to witness the role of pubs as a social networking hotspot. Social networks lie at the foundations of most of the social and economic interactions of individuals. The aim of this paper is to assess the importance of pubs as natural locations for the development of social networks and how their presence affects the socio-economic activity of a given area or region. The econometric analysis conducted on rural parishes in Cumbria, a peripheral county in Northern England, reveals that village pubs have a positive influence on the socio-economic activity of local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines ways in which feminist and queer theory can reinforce misogynistic beliefs that are present in society. It focuses on the bar culture of the 1950s and 1960s to explore the differences between femme and butch lesbian identities and describes how psychoanalytic theory can be used to analyze the relationship between female homosexuality and misogynistic beliefs. It also mentions the femme lesbian narratives such as "My Dangerous Desires" by Amber Hollibaugh, "The Persistent Desire: A Femme-Butch Reader" by Joan Nestle, and "Brazen Femme: Queering Femininity" by Cloe Brushwood Rose and Anna Camilleri.

From the mid-1990s on, bar streets have become the most conspicuous sights of nightlife in China's major cities. Understanding and exploring the structural mechanisms of these bar streets is of significance for understanding present-day China. Based on approximately twelve years of tracking studies, this article shows the spontaneous build-up of Guangzhou's bar streets/clusters starting in the mid-1990s and the government-guided process of homogenization (tongyi hua) since the beginning of this century. The author tries to show the dynamics and mechanisms of present-day China, that is, the constant shaping of social living space by means of complex negotiations among the dynamics of globalization, government mechanisms, relatively spontaneous commercial forces, and the requirements of urban dwellers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The authors identified the principal components of bar and nightclub expectancy in college students and the associations between these factors and the risk behavior of night-clubbing.Participants: A total of 4,384 undergraduates enrolled at a large, public university participated.Methods: In the first phase (July-September 2007), the authors collected preliminary data from a convenience sample. In the second phase (March 2008), the authors collected data from a separate probability sample.Results: A principal components analysis revealed 4 reliable and distinct expectancy factors. Regression analyses revealed that after adjusting for the effects of alcohol and demographic variables, expectancies explained a significant proportion of variance in bar/nightclub attendance. Different expectancy profiles distinguished high-frequency nightclubbers from the most common bar attendance practice and nonmonogamous nightclubbers from monogamous nightclubbers.Conclusions: From a developmental perspective, nightclubbing appears to assist young adults with establishing and maintaining social networks, romantic and sexual relationships, and collegiate acculturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study examined associations between bar-sponsored drink specials and alcohol intoxication at the patron level. Method: Data were collected in a college bar district located in a large campus community in the southeastern United States. Random and self-selected samples of patrons were interviewed after exiting college bars at night on four different nights (N = 383). Anonymous interview and questionnaire data were collected as well as breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) readings. Results: Significant gender differences existed in patron drinking practices. Women were more likely to take advantage of drink specials, whereas men reported greater alcohol expenditures, consumed more drinks, and drank for longer periods of time. Gender differences in BrAC were very small and not meaningful. Patrons who did not take advantage of drink specials reported consuming more drinks before bar entry than patrons who did participate in these promotions. Participation in "all-you-can-drink" promotions was significantly associated with higher BrAC readings after adjusting for covariates and random effects attributable to drinking establishment. Other drink specials did not have significant associations with alcohol intoxication. Conclusions: The all-you-can-drink special may be the specific discounting practice with the greatest potential for boosting patron intoxication and thus may need to be a stronger focus of alcohol-control policies aimed at improving the beverage service of drinking establishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We designed the current study to assess the rates of risky sexual behavior among women bar drinkers, as well as differences in predictors of risky sexual behavior, based on partner type-new or regular. Method: We conducted comprehensive, in-person interviews with 241 young women who reported weekly drinking in bars. Several constructs (e.g., individual characteristics, social and sexual behavior, substance use) that we hypothesized would predict risky sexual behavior were assessed in two separate hierarchical regression models for new and regular sexual partners. Results: Rates of risky sexual behavior were significantly higher with regular partners compared with new partners. Increased risky sexual behavior with new partners was significantly associated with having had a riskier regular partner in the past 6 months, lower sexually transmitted disease (STD)/pregnancy prevention assertiveness, increased expectations of sexual disinhibition when drinking, a greater history of prior sexual risk taking, and more frequent drinking in bars. Increased risky sexual behavior with a regular partner was significantly associated with being older, the use of oral contraceptives, lower assertiveness for STD/pregnancy prevention, a greater history of prior sexual risk taking, and increased drug use. Conclusions: Among young women who regularly drink in bars, sexual risk taking was significantly higher with regular partners than with new partners. The predictors of risky sexual behavior differed based on partner type. These findings have implications for including information about the role of alcohol, drinking context, and drug use, as well as individual difference characteristics and partner type in targeted prevention strategies to reduce sexual risk taking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the results of a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 79 members of the Birmingham Untreated Heavy Drinkers Cohort. The cohort was recruited in 1997 when all participants were drinking 50 or more standard units of alcohol (men) or 35 or more units (women) most weeks. Present interviews were carried out as part of the fourth wave of interviews, held in 2003. The topic was the participants' places of drinking in the community and the functions those places served. The present analysis focused on the relationship between pubs and community. The strongest theme to emerge was that the pub provided for many participants a real sense of community in itself. It did so by enabling participants to meet with like-minded others, in a setting distinct from home or work, where conversing and confiding could take place in a relaxed atmosphere, with a range of other activities and forms of social support available to many. At the same time, participants were discriminating about which pubs they used, and when, and with whom they chose to interact. There was less consensus about whether the pub served a wider function by contributing to a positive sense of community in the local neighbourhood. It is suggested that English pubs, at least in a large conurbation such as the West Midlands, are very varied, sometimes continuing to serve as ‘the local’ for a community, sometimes being part of a variety of drinking places which between them provide people with a diversity of social niches to meet their increasingly diverse choices and preferences, and sometimes reflecting and even contributing to local community disorganisation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay seeks to analyse the evolution and nature of the pub as new venue for football spectatorship. The discussion in this essay might suggest that the nature of the sport spectating experience should be reconsidered. It would seem that sports spectators' need for proximity is not for proximity to the event, but to others sharing in the experience of watching the event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented discussing the theological themes within British pubs. It describes how the social aspects behind pub-going raise issues that lend themselves towards theological reflection. The author reflects on pub culture in relation to theological themes regarding community, identity, and the difference between sacred and secular space.

This article discusses the role of alcohol consumption in the same-sex friendships and leisure activities of male football players at a university in the south of England. The article refers to research on the integral role that the public house has had in the football experience in England for over a century. The authors state that there is an implicit link between organised sport and the consumption of alcohol. The authors also assert that the student bar provides an atmosphere of community where the imperatives of male hegemony are celebrated.

In recent years popular music studies has witnessed a turn towards concentrating on music at a local level (Cloonan) and its use in what DeNora calls everyday life. In a separate, but overlapping, development there has been a growing interest in the night-time economy. At an academic level this has included some interest in the role popular music plays in that economy (e.g. Bennett; Björnberg and Stockfelt) and at the UK governmental level it has included responses to "binge drinking" (Home Affairs Select Committee; Prime Minister's Strategy Unit; Scottish Executive) and to licensing. But there has been less attention paid to the role that music plays within a key part of that economy—pubs. In this article we examine the use of music in city centre pubs in Glasgow, Scotland. We include the role of music in attracting customers to pubs, the different types of clientele attracted, the relationship between music and alcohol sales, and the ways in which music can act as both a trigger for disorder and a means of preventing it. We develop a typology of uses of music and explore the implications for popular music studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looks at a study on the perception of male bar drinkers on the character and risks for aggression among women in bars. Reasons for drinking in bars; Reported bar aggression; Similarities between men and women.

Two contrasting perspectives are used to study correlates of young people's (16-25 years) alcohol consumption in public drinking places. One perspective is the theory of reasoned behaviour, or the Fishbein-Ajzen model, extended with self-efficacy. The other perspective assumes that exposure to drinking situations and aspects of the actual drinking situation (size of drinking group and group pressure) determine young people's alcohol consumption. Multiple regression analysis shows that variables indicating situational influences are correlated with the alcohol consumption of young men and women, even when controlling for the Fishbein-Ajzen variables. Among young men frequency of visiting public drinking places contributes more to the explained variance than the four Fishbein-Ajzen variables together. Young people's alcohol consumption in public drinking places appears to be less fully controlled by alcohol-specific beliefs, norms and perceived skills than the Fishbein-Ajzen model assumes. The Fishbein-Ajzen variables are only weakly correlated with the variables indicating situational influences. It is concluded that, from the individual's perspective, the influence of situational factors means that pan of his consumption is determined by more or less accidental circumstances like the opportunities to drink, the size of the drinking group and group pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between February 1991 and April 1992, eight undergraduates at a US residential university and one at a nearby 2-year college contracted serogroup C meningococcal disease. A case-control investigation with 20 controls per case, oropharyngeal carriage surveys, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) of serogroup C isolates were used to identify factors contributing to the outbreak. All eight sterile-site isolates from cases were closely related by MEE and were similar (though not identical) to the strain associated with the 1991–1992 epidemic of meningococcal disease in eastern Canada. Disease was associated with cigarette smoking (p = 0.012), recent patronage of campus-area bars (p = 0.034), estimated amount of time spent in campus-area bars (p = 0.0003), and, especially, recent patronage of one specific bar, bar A (p = 0.0006; odds ratio = 23.1, 95% confidence interval 3.0–571.5). In carriage surveys, 1, 528 throat cultures taken from (primarily student) noncases yielded only five (0.3%) strains that were identical by MEE to those from cases. Two of these were found among 22 cultures obtained from bar A employees in spring 1992. Some cases in this outbreak may have followed transmission of the epidemic strain in bar A. Campus bar environments may facilitate the spread of meningococcal disease among teenagers and young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]