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Farm tourism, also called agritourism, is a growing business globally with limited expansion in the South Asian region. It is valuable as a form of leisure and a facilitator of sustainable rural development, sustainable agriculture, and food security. Educational institutions abroad are exploring the potential of agritourism to catalyze development, facilitate learning, and generate income. This explanatory mixed method sequential inquiry assessed the level of potential of a state university as an accredited farm tourism destination based on the Philippine Department of Tourism (DOT) standards for day farms and farm stays in terms of the 6As: attractions, accessibility, accommodation, activities, amenities, and accountability. For the quantitative part, the researcher used a researcher-made instrument based on the DOTDepartment of Agriculture Rules and Regulations Governing the Accreditation of Farm Tourism Camps. For the qualitative part, the researcher used a semi-structured, in-depth one-on-one interview. Quantitively, results determined that the state university has a high potential to be accredited as a farm tourism destination. Qualitatively, results revealed that the potential is due to its agriculture program, area, and farm attractions. It is also due to the high presence of some supporting As of tourism. The challenges in tourism development are the design and development of the attractions and the inadequacy of the As. Nonetheless, accreditation is still possible. Also, it emerged that tourism offers internal and external opportunities. In conclusion, universities may become DOT-accredited tourist destinations if they possess attractive qualities. This is because academic institutions have a built-in readiness for tourism. Specifically, universities offering agriculture programs or courses may consider operating agritourism. Though there are challenges, these only signal a need for deliberate tourism planning on the part of the institution. Finally, the DOT accreditation process must be pursued in order that the potential of a destination for tourism may be fully realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim is to provide a review of the benefits of agritourism for developing countries, such as the Central Asian country of Uzbekistan. This literature review discusses the importance of agritourism as a sustainable tourism strategy for the government and key stakeholders to support raising the standard of living and poverty levels of farmers and their families who are living in rural areas of Uzbekistan. The research method uses a literature review of the scientific research on agritourism in Uzbekistan. This was achieved through an extensive search of databases through the use of keywords that were collected to analyze and determine whether there were any gaps in the literature. This paper concludes that for less developed countries such as the Republic of Uzbekistan, agritourism is still in its initial stages of development and provides mainly economic benefits. This is because, in Uzbekistan, almost half of its population lives in rural areas and relies on the economic benefits of agriculture as their main source of subsistence and employment. However, in the future, there is a need to further develop new and innovative programs for agritourism businesses that can also promote the environmental and socio-cultural benefits for tourists to increase visitation to rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agritouristic guesthouse expansion in Romania has been influenced by the interaction between legislative and economic conditions. In this comparative study, we examine the northwestern and northeaster development regions through a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) in order to gain insight into how these factors affect the expansion of agritourism. The objective is to measure the impact of regulatory frameworks and economic landscapes on the establishment and evolution of agritourism businesses. Final findings reveal distinct regulatory environments, accessibility of finance, and market dynamics across regions. On the practical level, this research highlights the importance of legislative and economic conditions in stimulating or hindering the development of agritourism. The findings provide strategic insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to enhance sustainable growth in the agritourism sector, focusing on targeted responses adapted to regional challenges and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livelihood initiatives are common within marine protected areas (MPAs) aiming for poverty alleviation or higher income opportunities. However, results can be mixed in reality, as well as change over time. Furthermore, who benefits is a key consideration, as results can vary based on inequalities, including gender. Here, the monetary outcomes of different livelihood strategies were investigated across three MPA regions in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Using a quantitative approach, the results show that livelihoods have shifted in a six-year period, with livelihood strategies differing in poverty incidence and income. Livelihood initiatives, namely seaweed farming and tourism, did not provide significantly higher monetary returns compared to long-standing livelihoods, such as fisheries. Seaweed farming showed income stability but a high poverty incidence predominantly within women-headed households. During the study period, men primarily remained in fisheries, whilst women shifted to small-scale businesses and fisheries, largely exiting seaweed farming. This underscores a need for adaptive, gender sensitive management within fast changing coastal contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boom of rural tourism in Extremadura (Spain) has been promoted by different administrations, both national and European, through multiple initiatives carried out for several decades. However, it has been developed in a generic way, ignoring the potential of agricultural landscapes for the development of agritourism as a specific variety. Therefore, this research aims to know the opinion of rural lodging owners in order to understand how the activity can be reoriented towards a more specific one, taking advantage of the potential of this type of tourist attraction. For this purpose, information has been collected through surveys to these owners. By carrying out a statistical analysis and a territorial analysis, it is possible to know their socio-demographic structure, as well as the characteristics of the accommodations and other aspects related to the activities they offer to tourists. Following the analyses, characteristics such as age, level of education and sources of income were identified, revealing a lack of knowledge of agritourism. It was also discovered that many lodgings could offer agritourism activities due to the presence of farms and attractive landscapes for tourists. However, there was a lack of activities related to agriculture and livestock, which represents a missed opportunity for the development of agritourism. The territorial analysis showed patterns of activity supply in certain areas, suggesting the possibility of promoting the sustainable development of rural areas through the diversification of tourism activities. Perhaps the main conclusion that can be drawn is the need to take advantage of the attractive landscape and the presence of activity companies to promote the economic and social development of rural areas, contributing to the conservation of traditions and the fight against depopulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food waste is a generalized process that affects both the environment and resources (natural, financial, sanitary, etc.). The negative effects are felt both at the individual level (household budget) and at the society level, and they are, as a rule, difficult to combat. From the existing quantitative and qualitative analyses, it was observed that food waste at household level represents over 50% of its total volume, even if food waste is produced throughout the supply chain. It is also noted that some economic sectors, by the nature of their activities, have a greater predilection to waste food. This study carried out on agro-tourist guesthouses in the mountainous area of Romania shows that, at their level, food waste has reduced. This is due to the household spirit and the ethical and spiritual values passed down from generation to generation, reflecting consumers' affection and respect to Romania's mountains. Solutions aimed at reducing waste generation vary, encompassing everything from raising awareness about it to re-evaluating practices, advocating for good habits, implementing innovative packaging, and more. In light of this, this article seeks to enhance understanding of food waste and to pinpoint viable strategies for addressing it. Furthermore, it endeavors to estimate the volume of food waste in mountainous region of Romania, particularly within tourist establishments. Findings reveal that the highest levels of waste occur in mountain hotels, closely followed by agrotourism guesthouses. Thus, this article provides a concise overview of food waste in mountainous areas and underscores the importance of initiatives aimed at its direct or indirect reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concrete damages of climate change are intensifying, and adaptation efforts of actors around the world are increasing, especially in coastal regions. Recommending adaptation measures for specific regions and sectors and determining long-term strategies for mitigating global climate change is essential for reducing vulnerability to climate change. This research aims to estimate the changes in climatic parameters and thermal comfort zones to determine concrete targets and offer suggestions for sectors affected by possible changes. The changes that will occur until 2100 in the Antalya basin, which is located in the southernmost part of Türkiye and is a significant hub for agricultural production and tourism, were monitored spatially using Discomfort Index (DI) and Effective Temperature taking wind velocity (ETv). The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP): SSP 245 and SSP 585 predict that the quite cool areas prevailing in the area, according to ETv, will shrink by 24% and 46%, respectively, and the prevailing cold areas, according to DI, will shrink by 45% and 56%, respectively. By 2100, 5% of the area, according to SSP 245, and 25%, according to SSP 585, will turn into hot areas and move away from the comfort level. The fact that critical regions are areas with high vitality in terms of coastal tourism shows the need to prioritize adaptation policies. These discoveries are discussed in the context of critical issues such as water scarcity and food security, contributing to policy-making for effective management by suggesting specific adaptation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of agriculture and tourism has emerged as a potential strategy to boost agricultural productivity and promote sustainable rural development in China. This study investigates the impact of agricultural tourism integration (ATI) on agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP) in China, filling a research gap in understanding the complex dynamic nexus. We examine the mediating role of the agricultural industrial structure adjustment index (AISAI) and the threshold effects of ATI and human capital level (HCL) using a panel dataset of 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2021. The empirical results reveal three key findings: (1) ATI has a significant positive impact on AGTFP growth; (2) the AISAI partially mediates the relationship between ATI and AGTFP; and (3) ATI and HCL have a double-threshold effect and a single-threshold effect on the ATI-AGTFP nexus, respectively. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of ATI in promoting AGTFP varies across different stages of integration and levels of human capital development. The empirical results contribute to the literature on rural development strategies by providing an in-depth understanding of how ATI influences agricultural productivity and sustainability. Based on these findings, we propose targeted policy recommendations to optimize ATI strategies and invest in human capital to improve the resilience and sustainability of rural economies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the perception of the implementation of the Farm to Table (F2T) concept on the sustainability of agritourism households in the Republic of Serbia. The main objective of the study is to determine how this concept affects the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of these households according to the participants. Data were collected through surveys of agritourism homestead owners in the regions of Vojvodina, Western Serbia, Southern Serbia, and Eastern Serbia. The research findings, obtained using quantitative (SEM) analyses, indicate that the F2T concept significantly contributes to the sustainable development of agritourism homesteads by increasing economic profitability, reducing environmental impact, and strengthening the social community. Moderators such as seasonal product availability, employee education, and the local community support have a significant impact on the effectiveness of F2T activities. The innovation of this study lies in the application of quantitative methods to analyze the specific impacts of the F2T concept on the sustainability of agritourism households, an area that has been poorly explored in the literature. The study has a number of implications, including providing empirical data that can help farmers, tourism operators, and policymakers to promote sustainable agritourism businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the factors influencing pricing in Romanian rural tourism using a hedonic pricing model through a hybrid LASSO-OLS regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR). By analyzing data from 5028 unique accommodation units across 1170 local administrative units, we identify some key pricing determinants, including accommodation size, capacity, facilities, and environmental attributes. The results reveal that larger accommodations and those with higher guest capacities command higher prices. Luxurious facilities, such as massage services, pools, and fireplaces, significantly increase pricing, although the impact of such features varies by region, as do accommodation type and natural scenery, with agritouristic boarding houses and proximity to natural attractions like water bodies and forests being more valued in certain regions. These factors can aid rural entrepreneurs in optimizing pricing to enhance competitiveness and profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romania, rural communities grapple with decades of depopulation and economic decline, endangering the natural and cultural richness of their landscapes. The implementation of Romania's 2030 sustainable development plan presents an opportunity to reverse these trends by merging economic and community development with cultural preservation. This paper examines the potential for creating new livelihood opportunities through a program that integrates sustainable agrotourism with culturally appropriate vernacular architecture in Romania's distinct rural regions. Focusing on two such regions characterized by significant rural population decline yet endowed with ecological services capable of supporting a diverse rural economy, we collaborated with an architect and landscape engineer to devise three specific and detailed agritourist housing scenarios. These scenarios draw upon local architectural forms harmonious with the vernacular landscape, providing accommodations for agrotourism guests and facilitating craft workshops for visitors interested in rural crafts and traditions. We evaluated the cultural appropriateness of the architectural designs through a social survey and assessed the broader social utility of the development plan via an expansive cost–benefit analysis, treating the project's sustainability features as quasi-public goods. Such interdisciplinary endeavours are essential for effectively bridging conceptually driven social analysis with pragmatic design and planning strategies, essential for achieving sustainable futures for rural communities and landscapes, as exemplified by rural Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid the increasingly severe challenges faced by traditional agricultural development, it has become necessary for farms to undergo operational transformations. In considering the direction of this transformation, the growing proportion of older adults in the population and the maturation of modern smart technologies applied to industries must be taken into account. By integrating intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) solutions to aid business operations, leisure farms are expected to provide significant benefits to both operators and visitors. Taiwan, which has long been a leader in precision agriculture, serves as a benchmark in Asia for the successful transformation of traditional farms into leisure farms, becoming a model for neighboring countries. This study investigates the transformative potential of intelligent IoT technology solutions on leisure farms, highlighting their capacity to attract senior citizens and create sustainable business models in competitive, homogeneous markets. The primary objective of this research is to uncover the advantageous factors associated with the adoption of intelligent IoT technology solutions in leisure farms. Employing a grounded theory approach, this research conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 40 leisure farm operators to gain insights into the innovative and sustainable value propositions of leisure farms. This study identifies six key advantageous factors and six constraint factors. This research provides forward-looking insights into the application of intelligent IoT technology solutions in leisure farms, emphasizing strategic directions for operators. The integration of these solutions presents a unique opportunity for leisure farms to meet the demands of elderly individuals seeking safe, natural environments without compromising their interests. By offering tailored leisure activities and entertainment, these solutions enhance the quality of life of seniors and promote rural lifestyles, positioning leisure farms as innovative and competitive players in the market. The insights provided in this study can also inform government policymakers and serve as a foundation for future researchers to extend related studies from a customer perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burgeoning growth of farm tourism necessitates a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationships between environmental behavior, personal values, and visitor outcomes, emphasizing the imperative for sustainable practices and stewardship within these settings. The current study seeks to develop an integrative model to understand how power conservation and eco-logically aware behavior influence visitors' ecological vision, sense of responsibility, well-being, and attachment outcomes, encompassing both place and product. Employing a structured questionnaire, data were gathered from farm tourists in Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia, and the structural model was analyzed using regression and mediation analyses to unravel the complex interactions among key variables. Results revealed that power conservation practices significantly contribute to visitors' sense of responsibility for environmental protection, while ecologically aware behavior predicts a profound ecological vision. However, the structural equation model did not reveal significant mediation effects on well-being. The findings suggest the importance of targeted energy-saving initiatives and experiential activities to enhance ecological awareness. Integrating well-being considerations into sustainability programs and adopting transparent communication strategies can enrich the overall visitor experience, fostering a sustainable and fulfilling form of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is the creation of a tourist route in the rural parishes of Guasaganda and Pucayacu, located in the canton of La Maná, one of the seven cantons of the province of Cotopaxi, taking into consideration its geographical, cultural, natural, and socioeconomic aspects. The aim is to offer an integral vision of the tourist potential of this area and its use by the local community and visitors. Tourist points of interest have been identified and mapped, then a route has been created with two variants in order to have two options for tourists, considering that there are people who like the cultural aspect and others who like nature. As a result, a general route with two variants has been created, the first variant ends at a waterfall focusing on nature, the second variant is related to the cultural aspect since at the end of the route you will find an archaeological site. The purpose of creating an agrotourism route is for the socioeconomic development of the parishes, as well as to have a different tourism potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how tourism becomes integrated into rural communities and how an isolated Vietnamese community explores and creates employment opportunities through social networks. The empirical investigation is based on a case study of local involvement in tourism employment in Viet Hai, a remote coastal commune. The results of forty in-depth, semi-structured interviews reveal that the involvement of locals in tourism employment is closely associated with the density of individual social networks. Particularly, villagers with dense networks with external tourism operators and stronger kinship relations are more likely to have better access and resources to participate in tourism employment. Our empirical findings also demonstrate that the popularity of social media in remote areas could bring more opportunities to establish and strengthen external relationships and generate more resources for tourism development. Interviews with local people also unveil that tourism can intensify the income gaps among villagers, causing increasing intra-village disparities in living standards. Based on these results, local governments should be more active in connecting local villagers and tour operators. Future research and policy work in tourism and community development would benefit from a more explicit focus on the relationships between social networks and new forms of inequality, kinship ties, agritourism, and more sustainable trajectories of local development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism livelihood has become an essential livelihood decision for people to get rid of poverty. Under the background of the internet era, it is of great significance to study how ethnic village farm households can participate in tourism livelihood with the help of information capacity. Applying the Resource Orchestration Theory and taking Guolan Yao Village in Jiangyong County of Hunan Province as an example, this paper uses binary logistic regression model and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the mechanism of farm households' information capacity affecting their tourism livelihood. The findings are as follows: Firstly, in addition to financial capital, other livelihood capital and information capacity have a significant impact on farm households' participation in tourism livelihood. Secondly, when financial capital is lacking, farm households in ethnic villages with information capacity can unite with human capital, social capital, natural capital or physical capital to make up for the non-existent defect of financial capital and help realize tourism livelihood. Thirdly, when human capital is lacking, farm households in ethnic villages with information capacity can make up for the absence of human capital by combining natural capital, financial capital and social capital to help realize tourism livelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agritourism is considered an effective strategy for revitalizing traditional agriculture, enhancing rural economics, and achieving sustainable livelihoods. While the processes of how the conventional agrarian industry has taken up diversified management and affiliated with the creative supply of tourist services remain unclear, the theoretical interpretations of the diversification processes have yet to be articulated. This study explores agritourism innovation and proposes a conceptual framework of agritourism diversification built upon the connotations of integration of production sectors and the multi-functionality of rural and land resources. Different styles of agritourism innovation detail the progress of agritourism diversification and how various functions of farm resources are initiated and capitalized upon. Results show that diversification through agritourism has brought considerable economic returns to farms, and increased their resilience in the face of possible business challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Apart from improving husbandry conditions and animal welfare, there is a clear public demand to increase transparency in agricultural activities. Personal farm tours have shown to be appreciated by citizens but are limited in their impact because of hygiene requirements and accessibility. Virtual farm tours are a promising approach to overcome these limitations but evidence on their perceptions is missing. This study analyzes how a virtual farm tour is perceived by showing participants (n = 17) a 360- degree video of a conventional pig fattening pen on a tablet and via virtual reality (VR) glasses. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to analyze perceptions and level of immersion and to elicit differences between media devices. Participants' perception of the pig fattening pen was rather poor and depended on the recording perspective as well as on the media device. However, housing conditions were perceived more positively compared to the image participants had in mind prior to the study, and thus the stable was considered as a rather positive example. Participants described virtual farm tours as suitable tool to improve transparency and information transfer and to gain insights into husbandry conditions. They appreciated the comfortable and entertaining character of both media devices and named various possibilities for implementation. However, VR glasses were favored regarding the higher realistic and entertaining value, while the tablet was considered beneficial in terms of usability. The presentation of video sequences without additional explanations about the farm or the housing conditions were claimed insufficient to give an adequate understanding of the seen content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural tourism is a new driving force for achieving rural revitalization and development, promoting rural economic prosperity, and serving as a new industrial approach to achieving the transformation and upgrading of farmers' livelihoods. This paper focuses on Manas County as the research subject and employs farmer questionnaire interviews and participatory rural appraisal methods to categorize villages into four types: "scenic area-dependent" villages, "industry-dependent" villages, "folklore-dependent" villages, and "suburban-dependent" villages. Based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework proposed by the Department for International Development, we developed a sustainable livelihood framework for farm households in Manas County and analyzed the effects of rural tourism on farm households' livelihood capital and livelihood strategies as the watershed of the rural tourism takes shape, taking livelihood capital and livelihood strategies as the entry point. The factors influencing the livelihood capital and livelihood options of farm households in the context of rural tourism are analyzed. The results show that: (1) The overall livelihood capital of farmers engaging in rural tourism is significantly greater than that of farmers not participating in rural tourism. Additionally, variations exist in the livelihood capital of different types of rural tourism within villages. (2) Participation in rural tourism significantly influences farmers' choices of livelihood strategies. Compared with individuals who do not engage in rural tourism, those involved in rural tourism are more likely to opt for self-management livelihood strategies. The proportion of self-managed farmers in villages based around scenic areas is the highest. (3) The effect of rural tourism on farm households in Manas County is generally positive, and various types of villages yield different impact effects. (4) Participation in rural tourism significantly increases the possibility of farmers choosing self-management livelihood strategies, while it reduces the possibility of farmers choosing agriculture-oriented livelihood strategies. In all villages, except those dependent on industry, the decision to engage in rural tourism significantly impacts farmers' selection of self-management livelihood strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boom of rural tourism in Extremadura (Spain) has been promoted by different administrations, both national and European, through multiple initiatives carried out for several decades. However, it has been developed in a generic way, ignoring the potential of agricultural landscapes for the development of agritourism as a specific variety. Therefore, this research aims to know the opinion of rural lodging owners in order to understand how the activity can be reoriented towards a more specific one, taking advantage of the potential of this type of tourist attraction. For this purpose, information has been collected through surveys to these owners. By carrying out a statistical analysis and a territorial analysis, it is possible to know their socio-demographic structure, as well as the characteristics of the accommodations and other aspects related to the activities they offer to tourists. Following the analyses, characteristics such as age, level of education and sources of income were identified, revealing a lack of knowledge of agritourism. It was also discovered that many lodgings could offer agritourism activities due to the presence of farms and attractive landscapes for tourists. However, there was a lack of activities related to agriculture and livestock, which represents a missed opportunity for the development of agritourism. The territorial analysis showed patterns of activity supply in certain areas, suggesting the possibility of promoting the sustainable development of rural areas through the diversification of tourism activities. Perhaps the main conclusion that can be drawn is the need to take advantage of the attractive landscape and the presence of activity companies to promote the economic and social development of rural areas, contributing to the conservation of traditions and the fight against depopulation.

Developing agritourism is a useful strategy to enhance the value of the local agriculture industry. Agritourism utilises agricultural products and activities to attract tourists to rural areas. As an early stage of agritourism development, land conversion has become a supporter of attempts to create agritourism attractions. The notion of locality exists to distinguish and identify the tourism attraction area. This research focuses on durian agritourism in Padukuhan Pranan, Banjaroya Village, Kalibawang, Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Jogjakarta. Special attention is made to the dynamics of the local actors. Data collection was carried out using ethnographic methods through observation and in-depth interviews, for approximately three months (July-September 2023). The informants in this research were several actors involved in the development and management of Kampung Durian Pranan agritourism. The study discovered that converting the property to agritourism benefited Padukuhan Pranan by establishing the Kepranan durian as a symbol of local identity. With its central emphasis on the local populace, the Pranan Durian Village Festival serves as an outstanding instance of the substantial contributions made by community members. The collaborative efforts of local actors to effect positive change are exemplified through the festival’s design and execution, which are built upon their roles as initiators, motivators, and educators. However, it is worth noting that the reestablishment of a sustainable family farm as a means to regenerate agritourism’s sustainability has yet to transpire due to the continued dearth of interest among the younger generation in agritourism. Hence, agritourism planning needs to be designed by organising activities involving the younger generation and rebuilding family farms to create resilience and sustainability.

This study uses a questionnaire to examine device use effects in choice experiments and to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) values for agritourism-related activities. The results indicate that respondents using devices with large screens are more confident of their responses, dedicate more time to the valuation exercise, and select the status quo option less frequently. However, WTP for agritourism and perceived choice experiment complexity are invariant with regards to the device. Respondents’ WTP for selected agritourism activities varies from $5 to $21 per visit.

The aim of the article is to review the current literature in the field of agritourism. The data for the analysis was collected from the Web of Science database from 1990–2022: a total of 1,834 bibliometric publication records. The article presents both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results indicated five main research areas: (a) the impact of the attitudes of the community on the perception and management of ecotourism and agritourism; (b) the impact of models of the perception of the quality of services in agritourism on customer satisfaction; (c) the quality of services and tourist culinary experiences that motivate the choice of agritourism destinations; (d) the typology of agritourism farms and their differentiation in the development of rural tourism; (e) the impact of state policy on the management of rural tourism and agritourism. The limitations of the conducted research, which mainly concern the methodological part, should also be borne in mind: including the selected publication database, and search criteria such as publication year or language.

Simple Summary: Biosecurity is essential for safeguarding the health and welfare of poultry flocks; however, its implementation may face many challenges. The challenges of implementing biosecurity measures in Italian poultry farms and the selection and validation of supporting measures (SMs) to improve compliance were addressed in this study. The methodology included stakeholder surveys, virtual farm tours, group discussions, and farmer coaching. While the level of biosecurity implementation was generally high, individual factors such as personality and behavior influenced its compliance. Virtual farm tours and group discussions proved effective in facilitating interaction and knowledge exchange among stakeholders. However, farmers' preferences for minor changes due to time and cost constraints were highlighted during coaching sessions. Alternative methodologies like virtual farm tours and coaching have shown to be promising in engaging farmers and stakeholders, but further research on personal traits and attitudes is necessary to optimize compliance. This paper describes the selection and validation of supporting measures (SMs) aimed at enhancing biosecurity compliance within Italian poultry farms. A tailored methodology, based on a stakeholders' survey involving farmers and advisors, included a virtual farm tour, group discussion, and farmer coaching. Virtual farm tours and group discussions were delivered during two meetings targeting meat and egg production stakeholders, separately. Coaching was validated in 26 pilot farms (PFs) by assessing farmers' attitudes towards change (i.e., ADKAR®) and farms' biosecurity score (i.e., Biocheck.UgentTM) before and after a minimum six-month period. A total of 20 out of 26 farmers agreed to implement at least one action plan (AP). Full implementation of the agreed APs was observed in ten farms, while others only partially implemented (n = 7) or did not implement (n = 3) the improvement. Most APs focused on enhancing house hygiene locks (n = 7), followed by bacterial auto-control after cleaning and disinfection (n = 4). Scoring tools indicated minimal or no variations in farmers' attitudes towards change and farm biosecurity. Virtual farm tours and group discussions were found to be effective in fostering interaction and facilitating the exchange of experiences and knowledge among farmers and stakeholders of poultry production. Coaching indicated that farmers might prefer implementing minor changes possibly influenced by time and cost constraints associated with structural interventions. These limitations could have also impacted the scores of the farmer/farm. The findings of this study provide a foundation for further application of SMs to improve biosecurity in Italian poultry farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Methods and Results Conclusions In October 2023, the Tennessee Department of Health identified an outbreak of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 infections among elementary school students who attended school field trips to the same farm animal exhibit. Our aim was to determine STEC source and prevent additional illnesses by initiating epidemiologic, laboratory and environmental investigations.We identified cases using laboratory‐based surveillance and by surveying caregivers of children who attended the exhibit. Probable cases were defined as illness with abdominal cramps or diarrhoea after attendance; confirmed cases were laboratory‐confirmed STEC infection in an attendee or household contact. A site visit was conducted, and event organizers were interviewed. Human stool, animal faeces and environmental samples were tested for STEC O157:H7 by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture and whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). Approximately 2300 elementary school students attended the animal exhibit during 2 days. Field trip activities included contact with different farm animal species, drinking pasteurized milk outside animal enclosures and eating lunch in a separate building onsite. We received survey responses from 399 caregivers for 443 (19%) animal exhibit attendees. We identified 9 confirmed and 55 probable cases with illness onset dates during 26 September to 12 October. Seven children aged 1–7 years were hospitalized. Four children aged 1–6 years experienced haemolytic uraemic syndrome; none died. Laboratory testing identified STEC O157:H7 by culture from eight human stool samples with 0–1 allele difference by WGS. Three environmental samples had Shiga toxin (stx 2) genes detected by PCR, but no STEC isolates were recovered by culture.This is the largest reported STEC O157:H7 outbreak associated with an animal exhibit in Tennessee. We identified opportunities for educating school staff, event organizers and families about zoonotic disease risks associated with animal contact and published prevention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used a three-phase mixed-method approach to determine geographical capacity requirements and influential factors to develop consistent agritourism development scenarios in Iran's rural communities. The Kandovan district was chosen as a case study to highlight rural communities' agricultural potential. To identify agricultural potential zones in the first phase, GIS analysis has been used to determine that the area under study possesses favorable conditions for agricultural activities in terms of data layers such as roads, soil, freshwater source, average annual temperature, altitude, and land slope. The second phase's findings, based on a quantitative explanatory factor analysis, indicated that eight factors contribute to the development of agritourism, including capacity assessment, monitoring, land-use analysis, organizational learning, infrastructure, resident awareness, policymaking and integrated policy and vision recognition. In the final phase, the study developed three consistent scenarios for agritourism development in Kandovan by analyzing 32 possible states of key factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bali, one of the world’s tourism destinations, is now facing a paradoxical situation because the increasing number of tourists visiting Bali is going hand in hand with the gradual reduction in productive agricultural land due to land conversion. This paper analyzes the massive practice of converting productive farmland for tourism in Bali. It off ers a human rights law lens, particularly the rights to land, food, and tourism, to view the problem discussed in the paper. Legal research primarily reads international legal instruments, Indonesia’s laws and regulations, and some secondary materials. The paper suggested that although the Bali provincial government has issued rules and policies to prevent the practice of land conversion, the government cannot fully control it because many agricultural lands have ownership status. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase awareness of local communities as landowners to prevent such a practice. This paper also proposes using subak, a traditional farming system, as the basis for ecotourism and agrotourism activities to tackle the problem of land conversion in Bali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Kopi luwak, known as the world's most expensive coffee, is made from coffee beans that have been partially digested by the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). This study aims to assess how tourists perceive the inclusion of captive civets within curated Balinese kopi luwak tours by analyzing 3,364 reviews of 25 sites housing live civets, posted to the tourist review platform, TripAdvisor, between October 2011 and March 2020. Overall, reviewers concerned with animal welfare were more likely to leave a negative review. Two emergent themes, encounters with caged animals and encounters with sleeping animals, are explored through a multispecies lens. Civet displays are discussed in relation to passive and true animal encounter, animal dignity, shared suffering, and cognitive dissonance. Although caged practices persist across sites, results also indicate new forms of concealed cruelty as civets are likely sedated to enable photographic souvenirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy distribution justice is of primary concern within the energy justice framework and it is crucial to increase public acceptance of offshore wind energy and further advance its development. The rapid development of offshore wind energy in China has inevitably impacted the livelihoods of coastal vulnerable groups (CVGs) engaged in fisheries and tourism in the coastal zone. While current policies often compensate for livelihood losses through cash payments, the fiscal strain caused by COVID-19 renders this approach unsustainable. Consequently, this research pioneers the exploration of Chinese tourist groups' landscape preferences towards offshore wind farms (OWFs). This study proposes a new approach to enhance OWF landscapes for tourism development, thereby balancing the distribution of costs and benefits between CVGs and tourists. The research focuses on Beihai City in the Beibu Gulf Economic Region, utilizing a combination of Q-methodology and choice experiments that incorporates cut-offs. Answers to eighty Q-methodology questionnaires and 1324 choice experiment questionnaires are obtained. The findings indicate that this region can achieve energy distribution justice by compensating for the livelihood losses of CVGs through tourism. Contrary to traditional assumptions about wind farm noise preferences, Chinese tourists prefer proximity to OWFs, as an appropriate coastal acoustics landscape can enhance their tourism experience. In light of these findings, this paper presents policy recommendations towards energy distribution justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In foreign countries, rural tourism is developing with a high rhythm. Kazakhstan also has excellent opportunities for the development of this type of tourism. Currently, rural tourism in Kazakhstan is not fully developed. The article deals with the issues of organising rural tourism based on agriculture in the Aktobe Region. The study aims to improve methodological approaches to rural tourism development as an innovative activity type in the context of agricultural diversification. Three methodological stages have been identified: assessing the potential for rural tourism development, identifying priority types and subtypes of rural tourism, and identifying priority and promising areas for rural tourism development. The work assessed the possibilities of rural tourism development in the districts of the Aktobe Region using the ranking method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental capacity of the southern Caspian Sea to develop Agritourism in rural areas of Guilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan provinces. Agritourism is considered a service activity in providing currency and income for rural communities and is an economic strategy. Research Method: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of approach. Secondary data analysis was used to assess the agricultural situation and field data were used in the field of environmental landscape, human activities, and infrastructure. Data were collected and monitored, encoded, and analyzed in an SPSS environment. Findings: The results indicate that -- according to the maps drawn in the field of agricultural products in these three provinces and to the opinions of relevant experts -- Guilan Province, with an average of 3.47 in relation to the formation and development of Agritourism from the situation, is the best; Golestan Province, with an average of 3.38, is the next; and finally, with a very small difference, Mazandaran Province with an average of 3.24, is in the third place. As a result, the southern part of the Caspian Sea, especially its rural areas, is suitable for the development of agritourism. Research Limitations: The main challenges in the process of this research are the lack of easy access to experts related to agriculture, tourism and rural issues, as well as the lack of up-to-date statistical data in this field. Originality/Value: This research was conducted for the first time in the southern region of the Caspian Sea and could pave the way for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current literature considers agritourism as a valid option for promoting the development of rural areas. This would be achieved by increasing agricultural incomes. However, numerous scientific studies have revealed the difficulty in reaching a consensus on the very concept of agritourism. In addition, the definition of agritourism is rarely related to the opinion of the demand. For this reason, this research aimed to understand the idea that tourists have about this variety. To this end, more than 500 surveys were carried out, from which the tourists' conception of agritourism and the activities it entails were deduced. Other questions were also analyzed to determine whether the conception varies between those who have already performed this type of activity and those who have not yet had the opportunity to do so. From this, we can deduct the interest that visitors have in agritourism products, evidencing their potential. This interest is deduced through the visualization of different landscapes and activities of interest to tourists. Under these four central points, the aim was to understand the aims of agritourism in Extremadura (Spain). At the methodological level, a combination of descriptive statistics and spatial statistics was used, highlighting the use of cluster analysis. The results show a significant lack of knowledge of the meaning of agritourism, especially among those who have never practiced it, and of the activities associated with it. At the same time, the selection of landscapes preferred by tourists makes it possible to establish areas with potential for the development of these activities. Likewise, knowing which activities are of interest to tourists also helps to generate complementary activities and to better target the design of agrotourism products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural Restaurants (RR) are located in rural areas primarily to serve the owner's business interests. However, they also play a crucial role in providing economic opportunities for rural communities and are regarded as a center for rural economy. Rural areas often face challenges such as depopulation due to limited access to public services, inadequate infrastructure, geographical remoteness, economic hardships, educational barriers, and other factors. Thus, this study aims to investigate the profitability of RRs and owners' motivations for agritourism development, as profitability and business expansion are typically positively correlated. Data from 105 samples collected in rural Nepal in 2022 and 2023 were analyzed using Tobit and Ordered Logit regression models, respectively. The study conceptualizes and confirms various contributors to RR profitability, including factors related to the supply side, demand appeal, and those influenced by pandemic‐related factors. Additionally, we explored how owners' motivations for agritourism are influenced by the restaurant's characteristics, quality‐related factors, and other attributes. Policymakers need to support RR owners in developing agritourism initiatives and contribute to quality control through effective enforcement of consumer laws by a responsible and robust quality control team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Developing more sustainable business models (BM) has become increasingly crucial for sustaining the agro-tourism industry as environmental and social pressures increase. However, sustainable business modeling is still underused in the development of agro-tourism. Purpose: This research aims to explore a new approach for transitioning towards a more sustainable BM in agro-tourism, with a case study in Sukajadi Tourism Village, Bogor. Design/methodology/approach: The method used in this research is action research with the 3E process (explore, exploit, enhance). The hypothetical business model canvas is explored as an initial step, then the SWOT sustainability framework is used in the exploration stage, and finally, the Triple Layered Business Model Canvas (TLBMC) framework is used to synthesize the previous two steps in the improvement stage. Findings/Result: The results of the study show that, overall, the TLBMC framework enables creative process guidance in communicating and implementing business improvement models (BM), from conventional gastronomic agro-tourism to gastronomic permaculture. The new SBMC resulted from the expansion of the domain to increase the agro-tourism value proposition in terms of sustainability targets and is expected to be in accordance with the environmental potential and wishes of the Sukajadi Village Community, Bogor. Conclusion: TLBMC can be implemented to increase sustainability in the Sukajadi Tourism Village. The results of the analysis recommend the development of permaculture-based gastronomic agro tourism. Originality/value (State of the art): This research contributes to the TLBMC theory in the development of agro-tourism villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indonesia has major potential in utilizing agricultural-based tourism or what is known as agritourism. The concept of agritourism is quite popular globally and is recognized to support agricultural growth through diversification of activities that generate income for farmers and lead to rural development. Lampung Province is one of the provinces that focuses on developing agritourism areas. Agritourism in Lampung has been new intensively developed in 2018, so it still needs development in advancing the agritourism sector. Research that focuses on tourist decision factors to visit is important to carry out. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and visiting decision models of agritourism tourists in Lampung. Design/methodology/approach: This research used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis. Findings/Result: The study's findings indicate that the extended TPB model has a favourable impact on traveller's decisions to travel. The intention of tourists to visit is unaffected by anything but subjective norms. Optimizing the attractions and products is crucial in forming a positive attitude among tourists in agritourism visit decision. Providing facilities and infrastructure can also be done to increase the number of visits to agritourism. Conclusion: Attitude as the most contributing variable in shaping the behavior of tourist visits to agritourism, makes agritourism actors need to provide attractive facilities including unique decorations, adding photo spots, adding children's educational spots, providing more family leisure spaces, and providing facilities that support child-friendly activities. The addition of innovation in agricultural education activities also needs to be added to provide a perception of authenticity for agritourism related to superior or characteristics commodities in Lampung Province. This will make the image of agritourism in Lampung Province as a destination that provides pleasure and education for tourists. Originality/value (State of the art): This study uses the TPB concept in analyzing tourist behavior in visiting agritourism of Lampung Province. Previous research using the TPB concept has been conducted in the context of tourists in agritourism by adding variables of perception of authenticity and environmental concern. This study expands the concept of TPB by improving and adding other variables that have an influence in shaping tourist behavior such as destination image, family influence, eWOM, self-efficacy and facilitating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the social fabric of US agriculture continues to change, it is important to investigate the set of challenges that minority farmers face. Given women’s increasing leadership in agriculture and their traditional involvement in rural communities, we took an othering lens to position them as the centered voice to evaluate the suite of challenges they perceive to experience as compared to their male counterparts and in relation to other minority farmers. Data collected from 180 women farmers indicated that responsibilities stemming from their family caregiving role and the current agricultural system exert more pressure on women than on men. Yet, family caregiving responsibilities represent a greater burden for women farmers than the current agricultural system, a finding that responding women perceived to be reversed for men. Despite their disadvantaged position in agriculture, participating women perceived they were in better standing than Latin, first generation, transplant, and African American farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]