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The article focuses on the history of race discrimination in Cuba between 1959 and 1961. The author examines the social conditions of Afro-Cubans in relation to the Cuban revolution, explores how African American tourism impacted race relations in Cuba, and analyzes programs sponsored by the Cuban National Tourist Institute (INIT), including an invitation for African American boxer Joe Louis to visit with Cuban president Fidel Castro.

El artículo analiza las perspectivas del académico cubano Fernando Ortiz y Fernandez sobre el racismo y el tratamiento de africanoamericanos por los países americanos. Se exploran el concepto de determinismo biológico en la escritura de Ortiz, especialmente con respeto a la concepciones de áfrica mantenidos por estadounidenses.

This article explores African American and Latino relations and comparative race relations in the Afro-Cuban religious practitioner community in Chicago, Illinois. African American appropriation of Orisha practices in the United States is looked at. How African Americans and Latinos have formed multiethnic religious communities through Ocha, Palo, and Spiritism is explored. The book "The Altar of My Soul" by Marta Moreno Vega is mentioned. Afro-Cuban religious practices in American cities are discussed, as well as how religion has reshaped race and community in Chicago.

El artículo discute la poesía negrista que surgió después de la guerra entre el Partido Independiente de Color y el gobierno cubano en 1912. Antes de 1912, el país se consideró los negros como un elemento delicativo cuyas prácticas debieron ser limitadas. Escritores como Pichardo Moya y Marcelino Arozarena explicaron la identidad negra en sus poemas y vieron esta identidad como algo integral en la cultura cubana.

The article discusses Afro-Cuban expression and the effects of Fidel Castro's racial policies on their culture. After Castro assumed power in Cuba in 1959, Afro-Cuban intellectuals struggled to define their role in Cuban society. Black political involvement was strictly limited. Authors such as Nancy Morejón and Pedro Pérez Sarduy were permitted to promote Afro-Cuban culture in their works as long as they followed the revolutionary philosophy.

This article examines the plan of the U.S. to change the Cuban political system through the establishment of multiple electoral parties in Cuba. U.S. President George W. Bush announced this plan as among the political conditions he requires for Cuba. This campaign may mean possible military intervention to achieve the goal. This idea of multiparty elections leads Cubans to believe they have choice in political decisions and maintains the political status quo.