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A model of vision separating visual processing into motor and perceptual subsystems has been a subject of considerable interest within the domain of cognitive neuroscience. Goodale and Milner (1992) proposed the two streams hypothesis, theorizing that the ventral and dorsal visual pathways arising from early visual cortex mediate perceptual and visuomotor functions, respectively. One of the more controversial lines of support for the two streams hypothesis comes from the finding that grasping resists the effect of visual illusions (e.g., Aglioti et al. 1995). Although many studies have replicated this finding, others have not (e.g., Franz et al., 2001). The present study aims to better understand these discrepancies by examining the influence of demand characteristics, an untested factor in this field referring to the participants' awareness of the research focus. This is done by manipulating the background information (herein referred to as cover story) provided to the participants before testing commences. By investigating whether cover stories affect grasping behaviour and perceptual judgements within a Ponzo illusion paradigm, this research attempts to clarify the mixed outcomes previously reported in the literature. The results confirmed prior findings that dissociated the effect of a depth cue illusion on grasping and perceptual estimates of target size. The use of cover stories did not influence either the participants' perceptual reports or their motor responses. The findings reaffirm a classic perception-action dissociation while prompting a re-evaluation of the conflicting findings in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue for an account of grasping, or understanding that, on which we grasp via a higher‐order mental act of Husserlian fulfillment. Fulfillment is the act of matching up the objects of our phenomenally presentational experiences with those of our phenomenally representational thought. Grasping‐by‐fulfilling is importantly different from standard epistemic aims, in part because it is phenomenal rather than inferential. (I endorse Bourget's (2017) arguments to that effect.) I show that grasping‐by‐fulfilling cannot be a species of propositional knowledge or belief, and that it is not essentially connected to justification. I motivate a revisionary epistemology on which achieving propositional knowledge and coming to grasp are dual epistemic aims. My account makes sense of a common occurrence—that we are often unmoved to act on our beliefs until we come to phenomenally experience them in some way. It also explains puzzling features of human inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand why a phenomenon occurs, it is not enough to possess a correct explanation of the phenomenon: you must grasp the explanation. In this formulation, "grasp" is a placeholder, standing for the psychological or epistemic relation that connects a mind to the explanatory facts in such a way as to produce understanding. This paper proposes and defends an account of the "grasping" relation according to which grasp of a property (to take one example of the sort of entity that turns up in explanations) is a matter of recognitional ability: roughly, a property is grasped to the extent to which the would-be understander is capable of recognizing instances of the property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Understanding predictors of consumerism, particularly those reflective of how individuals believe society functions, is an emerging, yet understudied, area of research. Recent findings have shown a link between perceived social mobility and materialism. However, it remains unclear how the perceived causes of socioeconomic status (SES) attainment predict consumerism. The current study (N = 171) showed that believing SES was attained through individual merit was positively associated with consumer acquisitiveness while believing SES was attained through opportunity was positively associated with consumer dissatisfaction. These findings suggest that different causal beliefs about SES attainment have unique implications for consumer perceptions and values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research on calculus has shown that students often struggle to understand derivatives due to an overemphasis on algebraic manipulation and procedures rather than grasping the underlying concept. A key factor contributing to this challenge is the lack of a solid understanding of slope as a rate of change. Conceptualizing slope as a rate of change is essential, as it serves as the basis for comprehending derivative concepts. To address this gap, our research explored subject matter knowledge of rate of change, specifically focusing on the slope concept, among Malaysian pre-service mathematics teachers. Our research followed a qualitative methodology, conducting task-based interviews with two pre-service mathematics teachers, Zheng and Amitha, who are majoring in mathematics. The interviews included seven tasks related to slope and ratio concepts. The findings revealed inconsistencies in their notion of rate of change, as they have a loose connection between rate of change and slope concepts, along with its multiplicative property. While they recognized that equivalent values of rate of change indicate a constant rate, they did not grasp that slope also represents a rate of change. Their knowledge appeared limited to viewing derivatives as a method to calculate rate of change, without conceiving the changes occurring between quantities and their multiplicative relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

People like graspable objects more when the objects are located on the dominant-hand side of their body or when the handles point toward their dominant-hand side. However, many products do not have handles or are not graspable (e.g., services, objects hanging on the wall). Can nongraspable products nevertheless benefit from the effects of appealing to viewers' dominant hands? The present research shows that, yes, consumers respond more positively to nongraspable products if a haptic cue (an object that is graspable or suggestive of hand action) is located within the same visual field as the target and is positioned to appeal to the viewer's dominant hand. This result is driven by the creation and transfer of perceived ownership from cue to target. These findings extend the use of haptic cues to nongraspable products and uncover the critical role played by perceived ownership, including its ability to transfer from one object to another located in the same visual field. Moreover, the current research demonstrates situations in which the use of haptic cues will not enhance response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, most humanoid mechanical fingers use an underactuated mechanism driven by linkages or tendons, with only a single and fixed grasping trajectory. This paper proposes a new multi-mode humanoid finger mechanism based on linkage and tendon fusion transmission, which is embedded with an adjustable-length tendon mechanism to achieve three types of grasping mode. The structural parameters of the mechanism are optimized according to the kinematic and static models. Furthermore, a discussion was conducted on how to set the speed ratio of the linkage driving motor and the tendon driving motor to adjust the length and tension of the tendon, in order to achieve the switching of the shape-adaptive, coupled-adaptive, and variable coupling-adaptive grasping modes. Finally, the multi-mode functionality of the proposed finger mechanism was verified through multiple grasping experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between board overconfidence and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) performance based on 754 M&A deals in the UK from 2002 to 2018. Employing three proxies to measure overconfidence, namely, fraction of male directors on the board, multiple acquisitions and merger characteristics, our results suggest that a higher fraction of male directors on the board and multiple acquisitions lead to poor M&A performance. The results also show that multiple acquirers' deals generate higher returns than subsequent deals and this is due to self-attribution bias. In terms of merger characteristics, this study has found that, when overconfident acquirers use cash as the method of payment or when they embark on diversifying M&A, it leads to poor M&A performance. The results are robust across both univariate and multivariate analyses and also across alternate measures of post-merger performance. The findings of this study have important policy implication with regard to the ratio of male directors, number of acquisitions and the method of payment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boyer's minimalist model is a compelling account of ownership psychology that is more efficient than previous models. However, it is unclear whether the two simple systems that make up this model – acquisitiveness and cooperation – are sufficient to both explain the nuanced development of ownership concepts and to account for the prominent influence that history has on ownership psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entitlement to be loved is primary, a basic part of being and feeling alive and being human, rooted in the sense of entitlement to a good object and entitlement to a good enough provider; and if these are not available in reality, the entitlement is to search for and fight for them [pp. 98-99]. I recall this moment while reading Sally Weintrobe's tour de force, I Psychological Roots of the Climate Crisis: Neoliberal Exceptionalism and the Culture of Uncare i . The psychological and ideological roots of the climate crisis that Weintrobe elucidates are deep and tied to mechanisms of entitlement, and have long been integral to capitalism, and by extension to colonialism and Western culture. Lively Entitlement Weintrobe proposes an alternative to the neoliberal horror of narcissistic entitlement: the real and life-sustaining dream of lively entitlement. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The mental health of students is affected by COVID-19. We aim to evaluate the anxiety and depression symptoms among college students during COVID-19 pandemic, analyze the influence factors that contribute to college students' anxiety and depression symptoms, and provide some suggestions for improving the mental health of college students. Methods: With 179 college students participating, an online questionnaire consisting of a general questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was conducted in universities in Shanghai. The anxiety and depression symptoms among college students were evaluated using GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales, and influence factors were analyzed using an unordered multi-class Logistic regression model. Results: The reliability and validity of the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales were good (reliability ≥ 0.9, validity = 100%). The incidence of anxiety was 32.4%, of which were 23.5%, 8.4%, and 0.6% in mild, moderate, and severe, respectively; and the incidence of depression was 46.40%, of which in mild, moderate, moderate to severe, and severe were 28.5%, 10.1%, 7.3%, and 0.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that male students with strong psychological quality, who were not easily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, who received less negative or false information, and who had a strong grasp of psychology and related knowledge were less likely to suffer from mild or moderate anxiety symptoms [OR (95% CI) 0.18 (0.04, 0.81), 0.12 (0.05, 0.33), 0.23 (0.06, 0.89) and 0.07 (0.01, 0.74)]. Furthermore, college students who were not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic were less likely to suffer from mild, moderate, and moderate to severe depression symptoms [OR (95% CI) 0.23 (0.08, 0.65), 0.22 (0.05, 0.93), 0.10 (0.02, 0.54)]. Conclusion: The GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales are suitable for evaluating anxiety and depression symptoms in college students. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a high incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms among college students, although gender and mental state fluctuations during the pandemic, negative and false information, and exposure to psychology and related courses were the main influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his last book René Girard depicts apocalypse as disclosure of mimetic violence that is world-ending. He claims that in times of violent pandemic we are not called to fight for this world, but follow Christ in his withdrawal from the world. However, such an assertion creates serious theoretical and practical issues for the effort to heal interhuman relations from the virus of mimetic hostility. I argue for the importance of restoring a foundational distinction between passionate love and acquisitive mimetic desire from the forgotten regions of Girard's oeuvre. With Max Scheler's interpretation of Stendhal's concept of l'amour passion, I explore in each thinker a fundamental insight about possibilities of transforming violent contagion through empathy and loving commitment to the world. I conclude that respective "passive" and "active" approaches to the contagion of mimetic rivalry and violence are necessary and equally valuable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In everyday life humans are confronted with changing environmental demands. In order to act successfully and achieve intended goals, action control is required. A recent approach, the Binding and Retrieval in Action Control (BRAC) framework, attempts to provide an overarching perspective on action control. Based on basic principles such as binding and retrieval, findings from several experimental paradigms could be integrated. However, the focus so far has been on rather artificial paradigms involving very simple motor response requirements, like finger lifting or button presses. We aimed to extend the BRAC framework to more complex movements consisting of a sequence of several discrete actions. Participants were asked to grasp and lift an object with an uneven mass distribution. Object features, like mass distribution and position, were either kept constant on a global level or varied in a pseudorandomized manner. When both object features were kept constant, participants were able to adjust their grasp so that it resulted in a more stable lift and less object roll. Further, with randomly mixed object features, we found best task performance when both object features were completely repeated from one trial to the other. These results suggest that tasks with more complex movements are capable of reflecting principles of action control as defined by the BRAC framework. This offers the possibility to test these principles in even more complex and ecologically relevant paradigms to improve our understanding of everyday life actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Iliad takes for granted the material motives of war and its heroes' pursuit of booty, exchangeable wealth as well as tokens of honor. The poem nonetheless prefers that the hero fight for epic praise, and it shows that a warrior's acquisitiveness may get in the way of his glory. It explores the issue in a subplot built around the actions of Diomedes in books 5–6 and 10–11: the hero obtains horses and armor in alternation, and his desire for spoils is mirrored by Hector's in book 17. The subplot contrasts with the main plot of Achilles, who refuses to be bought off by Agamemnon's gifts and who for a while stands outside of material exchange. But such exchange—the prizes Achilles gives out at the funeral games in book 23, the ransom he accepts from Priam in book 24—enables the hero's return to human community and dignifies the taking of loot itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most machine learning (ML) models are geared toward improving some desired metric like classification accuracy or inference latency. Given the significant successes of such models, especially supervised ones, in addressing such metrics, the time has come to ask if they can also be put to direct use in understanding the users and addressing basic human needs, e.g., subsistence, protection, affection, understanding, participation, leisure, creation, identity, and freedom. A prerequisite to addressing such human needs is that the ML models exhibit a basic grasp of human psychology. In this article, we present ML models that can be embedded in our smartphone and enable it to understand us. We call this system your smartphone understands you (YSUY). YSUY uses wearable medical sensors to understand our physical, mental, and four-class (two-class) emotional states with 90.0%, 90.3%, and 98.4% (99.5%) accuracy, respectively. After verifying YSUY’s ability to understand the human condition from various perspectives, we evaluate the relationship between the different states and discuss how YSUY can be taken one step further to start playing a helpful role in addressing human needs of the types mentioned above from four different perspectives: “being,” “doing,” “having,” and “interacting.” We show that YSUY is a a promising candidate for adapting ML models to human-centric needs. We view this only as an initial step, hopefully, spurring other researchers to investigate the relationship between ML models and fulfilling human needs in much greater depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Praktyka Teoretyczna is the property of University of Wroclaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Envy is a natural emotion that can occur to anyone. While envy can be beneficial in a way, it can also bring negative implications on self‐regulatory resources as well. A novel coping mechanism is proposed to help mitigate self‐regulatory failure elicited by envious feelings. The research demonstrates that envy loses its potency when such feelings are objectified by writing about them on a piece of paper, and then physically destroying them. Three laboratory studies (n = 110; n = 159; n = 174) are reported showing that participants who objectify their envious feelings and then destroy them (e.g., by shredding, cutting, tearing, or dissolving) rather than keeping them, exhibit enhanced self‐regulation, as evidenced by reduced acquisitiveness and less indulgent spending, as well as a greater willingness to volunteer. Theoretical and consumer welfare implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online shopping has developed rapidly, but recently, the sales of some online stores have suffered due to the decrease in people's income caused by the epidemic. How to grasp the psychology and behavior of consumers and formulate effective marketing strategies is important for increasing sales. This paper puts forward a research model and eight hypotheses based on the research on the promotion situation and the types of products promoted on consumers' impulse shopping, and uses regression analysis, t-test, stepwise regression and analysis of variance to conduct data analysis. The results show that online promotion has a significant impact on consumers' willingness, and the anticipated regrets in different directions have totally different effect on willingness; the type of product promoted, and the impulsive characteristics of consumers play a moderating role; online promotion affects consumers' impulsive online shopping intentions through the intermediary effect of expected regret. The influence of anticipated regrets on impulsive online shopping intention is proposed creatively, and the results also provide e-commerce merchants and customers with new insights in managing and treating online promotions. Managerial implications like controlling the duration of promotions and the number of preferential goods are put forward based on our analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to boost tourism development in China, grasp the psychology of tourists at any time, and provide personalized tourist services. The research object is the tourism industry in Macau. In particular, tourists' experiences are comprehensively analyzed in terms of dining, living, traveling, sightseeing, shopping, and entertaining as per their psychological changes using approaches including big data analysis, literature analysis, and field investigation. In this case, a model of tourism experience formation path is summarized, and a smart travel solution is proposed based on psychological experience. In the end, specific and feasible suggestions are put forward for the Macau tourism industry. Results demonstrate that the psychology-based smart travel solution exerts a significant impact on tourists' tourism experience. Specifically, the weight of secular tourism experience is 0.523, the weight of aesthetic tourism experience is 0.356, and the weight of stimulating tourism experience is 0.121. Tourists prefer travel destinations with excellent urban security and scenic authenticity. They give the two indexes comprehensive scores of 75.14 points and 73.12 points, respectively. The proposed smart travel solution can grasp the psychology of tourists and enhance their tourism experiences. It has strong practical and guiding significances, which can promote constructing smart travel services in Macau and enhancing tourism experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has focused on the influence of long investors (e.g., institutional investors) on merger-and-acquisition (M&A) decisions. This study investigates the role of short sellers in shaping managerial acquisitiveness and M&A decision quality. Short sellers impose a downward pressure on stock prices by disseminating negative information to the market. Given that managerial wealth and job security hinge on stock prices, top managers respond to increased short selling by refraining from excessive M&A activities because M&As could provide opportunities for short sellers to spread negative information and dampen stock prices. Furthermore, the negative influence of short sellers on managerial acquisitiveness is enhanced by the market for corporate control as an external governance mechanism and by CEO equity ownership as an internal governance mechanism. When firms with increasing short selling do engage in M&As, they gain higher M&A announcement returns and operating performance. We test our hypotheses using firms in the S&P 1500 from 2002 to 2014 and find support for our arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies indicate that social status influences people's social perceptions. Less information is available about whether induced social status influences dyadic coordination during motor interactions. To explore this issue, we designed a study in which two confederates obtained high or low competence-based status by playing a game together with the participant, while the participant always occupied the middle position of the hierarchy. Following this status-inducing phase, participants were engaged in a joint grasping task with the high- and low-status confederates in different sessions while behavioural (i.e., interpersonal asynchrony and movement start time) indexes were measured. Participants' performance in the task (i.e., level of interpersonal asynchrony) when interacting with the low-status partner was modulated by their preference for him. The lower participants' preference for a low- relative to a high-status confederate, the worse participants' performance when interacting with the low-status confederate. Our results show that participants' performance during motor interactions changes according to the social status of the interaction partner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a novel methodology to analyze the historical evolution of the adventure game genre. This method involved the development of an analytical system, online database, and data visualization tool designed to help us understand the evolution of gameplay. Following an overview of these methodological considerations, we present the most common gameplay configurations adopted by adventure games over the years with the help of the data visualization interface. This forms the foundation of a comparative study that seeks to highlight the specificity of French production at the turn of the 1990s. The results shed light on gameplay configurations in a way that effectively articulates a synoptic, macrohistorical perspective with deep inspections of specific games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the reliability and validity of proactive (cold-blooded, instrumental), reactive (hot-blooded, affective), and acquisitive (securing goods of others) crime-related attributional domains associated with specific offence-based categories. Using samples from minimum security (n = 116), medium security (n = 102) and parole (n = 116), construct validity of the Proactive, Reactive, and Acquisitive scales was assessed with response latencies, criterion validity with past offending, and predictive validity with future offending. Response latencies for endorsed items discriminated better between the Proactive and Reactive scales than between the Reactive and Acquisitive scales. The Proactive, Reactive, and Acquisitive scales had stronger relationships with their corresponding offense category that with non-corresponding scale and offence-based category. The Acquisitive scale uniquely predicted acquisitive offences. The results support a basic distinction between the Proactive, Reactive, and Acquisitive scales. Implications of the results include using skill-based intervention methods for elevated Proactive scores, affective-based interventions for elevated Reactive scores, and rational choice techniques for elevated Acquisitive scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Doctors are increasingly expected to improve the health and well‐being of populations, as well as to care for individuals. However, despite extensive efforts to integrate population health into undergraduate programmes, engaging students in such learning is notoriously challenging. Threshold concepts are transformative, integrative, irreversible and fundamental to understanding a discipline. Grasping such concepts requires learners to cross a liminal space, which often involves struggle. Methods: We employed a form of transactional curriculum enquiry, involving qualitative and quantitative methods, with experienced population health medical educators to identify and explore threshold and troublesome concepts in population health. Results: Attributing causality, inequalities in health and doctors' responsibility for populations not just individuals were the concepts most participants thought were threshold. The value of qualitative research, health as politically and socially determined and not taking evidence at face value were the concepts ranked as most troublesome for learners. Participants found the notions of threshold and troublesome concepts helpful and empowering. They described ways these new ideas would influence how they taught population health. Discussion: Transactional curriculum enquiry can offer insights into which population health concepts may be threshold and troublesome. The number of such concepts identified in this study may help explain why students often struggle to engage in population health learning. Understanding which concepts are threshold and particularly which are troublesome can help teachers to better support learners and can also inform curriculum design. If our students are to ... take responsibility for populations as well as individuals ... it is vital that they cross these fundamental thresholds in learning [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our understanding of the adaptive processes that shape sensorimotor behavior is largely derived from studying isolated movements. Studies of visuomotor adaptation, in which participants adapt cursor movements to rotations of the cursor's screen position, have led to prominent theories of motor control. In response to changes in visual feedback of movements, explicit (cognitive) and implicit (automatic) learning processes adapt movements to counter errors. However, movements rarely occur in isolation. The extent to which explicit and implicit processes drive sensorimotor adaptation when multiple movements occur simultaneously, as in the real world, remains unclear. Here we address this problem in the context of speech and hand movements. Participants spoke in-time with rapid, hand-driven cursor movements. Using real-time alterations of vowel sound feedback, and visual rotations of the cursor's screen position, we induced sensorimotor adaptation in one or both movements simultaneously. Across three experiments (n = 60, n = 48 and n = 76, respectively), we demonstrate that visuomotor adaptation is markedly impaired by simultaneous speech adaptation, and the impairment is specific to the explicit learning process in visuomotor adaptation. In contrast, visuomotor adaptation had no impact on speech adaptation. The results demonstrate that the explicit learning process in visuomotor adaptation is sensitive to movements in other motor domains. They suggest that some forms of speech adaptation may lack an explicit learning process altogether. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Categorization learning is a fundamental and complex cognitive ability. The present EEG study examined how much action video gamers differ from non-gamers in the usage of visual exploration and attention driven perceptual analyses during a categorization learning task. Seventeen healthy right-handed non-gamers and 16 healthy right-handed action video gamers performed a visual categorization task with 14 ring stimuli, which were divided into two categories. All stimuli had the same structure but differed with respect to their color combinations and were forming two categories including a prototype, five typical stimuli and one exception. The exception shared most similarities with the prototype of the opposite group. Prototypes and typical stimuli were correctly categorized at an early stage of the experiment, whereas the successful categorization of exceptions occurred later. The behavioral data yield evidence that action video gamers perform correct categorizations of exceptions earlier than non-gamers. Additionally, groups differed with respect to differential expressions of the attention related P150 ERP component (early perceptual analysis) and the N170 ERP component, which reflected differential processing demands for the stimulus material. In comparison to non-gamers, the analyses of the eye movements yield for action video gamers different, more central fixations possibly indicating covert peripheral processing. For both groups fixations as well as saccades decrease and in the case of exceptions, one of the two segments that are decisive for correct categorization shows higher fixation rates at the end of the experiment. These findings indicate for both groups a learning process regarding the stimulus material. Regarding the group differences, we interpret the results to indicate that action video gamers show a different stimulus exploration, use an enhanced early perceptual analysis of the stimulus material and therefore may detect changes in objects faster and learned the belonging of the stimuli to their categories in an earlier trial phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to work on the social life of time. It focuses on how time is doubled; produced by, and productive of, the relations and processes it operates through. In particular, it explores the methodological implications of this conception of time for how social scientists may study the doubledness of time. It draws on an allied move within the social sciences to see methods as themselves doubled, as both emerging from and constitutive of the social worlds that they seek to understand. We detail our own very different methodological experiments with studying the social life of time in London, engaging interactive documentary to elucidate nonlinear imaginaries of space-time in London's pop-up culture (Ella Harris) and encountering time on a series of walks along a particular stretch of road in south east London (Beckie Coleman). While clearly different projects in terms of their content, ambition and scope, in bringing these projects together, we show the ability of our methods to grasp and perform from multiple angles and scales what Sharma (2014) calls 'temporal architectures'. Temporal architectures, composed of elements including the built environment, commodities, services, technologies and labour, are infrastructures that enable social rhythms and temporal logics and that can entail a politicized valuing of the time of certain groups over others. We aim to contribute to an expanded and enriched conceptualisation of methods for exploring time, considering what our studies might offer to work on the doubled social life of time and methods, and highlighting in particular their implications for an engagement with a politics of time and temporality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze the transcendental image of Ulus Baker conceptualized through cinema based on the transcendental Philosophy and the equivalent in photography art through Dario Mitidieri's Lost Family Portraits series. In this context, the physical totality of the aesthetic object and photographic image is examined. Aesthetic object, by nature, is an artistic work that is perceived by the senses and has a material integrity. With the sense of vision, the physical image and the physical objects shown in the image are perceived and aesthetic information emerges. In spite of this phenomenon, it can also provide aesthetic information for the images not shown. This phenomenon, which means transcendental image, is based on the concept of transcendental, which is used to define a kind of knowledge base that makes experience possible but cannot be obtained by experiment. The transcendental image that Baker conceptualizes through cinema is the images that are not shown in the aesthetic object of the physical totality but can only be grasped with thought. Although this concept is conceptualized through cinema, it is possible to come across examples in the art of photography. In this context, in the study; Among the 12 photographs in Mitidieri's series of Lost Family Portraits (2015) taken in the refugee camp in Lebanon, 3 photographs determined to benefit from the concept of transcendental image have been determined by taking a purposeful sampling. These photographs are analyzed with the descriptive analysis method from the perspective of transcendental image concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Patients successfully acquired and retained a novel motor skill despite deficits in motor function. • Corticomotor excitability increased after training in the control group but not the patient group. • Short-interval intracortical inhibition decreased after training for both patient and control groups. Motor learning is relevant in chronic stroke for acquiring compensatory strategies to motor control deficits. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill acquisition with the paretic upper limb have received little systematic investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the modulation of corticomotor excitability and intracortical inhibition within ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) during motor skill learning. Ten people at the chronic stage after stroke and twelve healthy controls trained on a sequential visuomotor isometric wrist extension task. Skill was quantified before, immediately after, 24 hours and 7 days post-training. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to examine corticomotor excitability and short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) pre- and post-training. The patient group exhibited successful skill acquisition and retention, although absolute skill level was lower compared with controls. In contrast to controls, patients' ipsilesional corticomotor excitability was not modulated during skill acquisition, which may be attributed to excessive ipsilesional LICI relative to controls. SICI decreased after training for both patient and control groups. Our findings indicate distinct inhibitory networks within M1 that may be relevant for motor learning after stroke. These findings have potential clinical relevance for neurorehabilitation adjuvants aimed at augmenting the recovery of motor function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is getting more informed, digitalised and person-centred. The transition to active learning blurs the boundaries of traditional classroom teaching and encourages the development of new teaching formats. As a result, more and more teachers are turning from "rigid" teaching formats to ones that are more flexible. However, new teaching formats and their role in achieving the goals of education remains little studied. New teaching formats in Russian school education emerge due to the awareness of the need to establish a proper subject-object relationship between the participants of the educational process. Another factor is the growing profile of electronic resources and technologies as means to train effective approaches to information processing (both textual and non-textual). The article aims to analyse advantages and disadvantages of the new formats of teaching and their possible application in a school (evidence from teachers of biology). It will also determine the readiness of teaching community to grasp and implement new formats in teaching practice in a school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lichtenberg felt impeded as an analyst by his training not affording him the license to be more nurturing toward his patient's intense needs, many of which stemmed from conflicts in the patient's preoedipal (rather than oedipal) development. Where many analysts hear the patient's statements about them as projections and transferences from past figures onto the analytic tabula rasa, Lichtenberg encourages "wearing the attribution", looking within for evidence that the patient's attributions - even their accusations - are correct. Lichtenberg and his collaborators revel in their love of stories (as told by patients, as well as in literature and art) in I Narrative and Meaning, i a passion so clearly evident on the walls of Lichtenberg's home. [Extracted from the article]

This article probes the explanatory value of the concept of celebrity capital in helping us to grasp the fate of celebrities and the cultural objects they produce when they move across to other fields. However, the article seeks to do more than this: with reference to the example of the singer-songwriter Bob Dylan's incursion into the cinematic field, where he co-wrote Masked and Anonymous (2003), it contributes to debates by examining the significance of field-specific aesthetic criteria in helping us to gain insight into the aesthetic value of cultural objects. While Dylan's celebrity capital gave him access to a number of 'A-List' celebrity actors, the aesthetic dimension of the film did not have a meaningful relation to the state of play in the cinematic field and so the film was, in the main, critically panned. So, Masked and Anonymous made Dylan's boundary-crossing journey in reverse: it retreated to the field of popular music where its aesthetic properties were warmly received when considered in relation to Dylan's wider body of work. Meanwhile, it was difficult for the harshest critics to ignore the aesthetic value that Dylan's wider body of work had accumulated over time. There is, then, a temporal dimension of aesthetic appraisal that needs to be considered, even when reviews are considered at a particular historical conjuncture. In this analysis of field-specific aesthetic criteria, we see that boundary work is effective in diminishing the status of a cultural object (Masked and Anonymous), but we also see that each critic has only limited sway in the face of the totality of judgements which emerges as a supra-individual voice, heterogeneous and full of contradictions, deriving from all those who make evaluative judgements in the field of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In tracing a specific trajectory of cultural evolution, this paper builds upon Jean Baudrillard's concept of 'simulacrum', arguing that the use of guns in Bangla cinema from Bangladesh and West Bengal (India) is connected with 'hyper-reality' and 'simulation'. The authors hold that both are symptomatic of the unreal nature of contemporary Bengali culture in an age of mass consumption. A perusal of Bangla cinema following the Partition of India (consequently, of Bengal too) in 1947, and the Liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971 shows a tradition of ample use of guns and ammunition. The authors perceive three distinct phases of such representation—films from West Bengal highlighting Partition violence around 1947; exponents from Bangladesh upholding the independence of former East Pakistan in 1971 and the brutality of the West Pakistan armed forces; and hyper action in contemporary commercial cinema. The last category is perceived by and large as hyperrealist, for it substitutes 'the signs of the real for the real itself'. Basing upon Baudrillard's contention that we have lost our capacity to grasp reality as it is, and need to depend on set-up realities in a virtual world, this paper claims that the initial patriotic zeal (its remnants notwithstanding) of Bangla cinema has taken a retrogressive turn, so as to seek recourse in representations of violence as channels of personalised/disorganised pseudo-real entertainment like video games. This undoubtedly signifies the confusion of cultural values. The paper hypothesises that the first two categories qualify as cultural texts attempting to approximate historical realities, wherein guns function as vital symbols of power and unity, resistance and liberation. The third category, conversely, is another façade of culture—one that symbolises the present time as an 'age of simulations' that hardly has any organic connection with ground realties that the films claim to contextualise. The authors from either side of the India-Bangladesh border intend to focus on the use of guns in Bangla cinema of these three evolving phases, applying film analysis to select productions from Bangladesh and West Bengal in India. The paper is conceptualised as a substantial contribution to film and cultural studies, as this area has hitherto remained uncharted in academic discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For teleoperation tasks requiring high control accuracy, it is essential to provide teleoperators with information on the interaction between the end effector and the remote environment. Real-time imaging devices have been widely adopted, but it delivers limited information, especially when the end effectors approach the target following the line-of-sight. In such situations, teleoperators rely on the perspective at the screen and can apply high force unintentionally at the initial contact. This research proposes to deliver the distance information at teleoperation to the fingertips of teleoperators, i.e., proximity sensation. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation was applied onto the fingertips of teleoperators, with the pulsing frequency inversely proportional to the distance. The efficacy of the proximity sensation was evaluated by the initial contact force during telerobotic pinch in three sensory conditions: vision only, vision + visual assistance (distance on the screen), and vision + proximity sensation. The experiments were repeated at two viewing angles: 30–60° and line-of-sight, for eleven healthy human subjects. For both cases, the initial contact force could be significantly reduced by either visual assistance (20–30%) or the proximity sensation (60–70%), without additional processing time. The proximity sensation is two-to-three times more effective than visual assistance regarding the amount of force reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modelling hand kinematics is a challenging problem, crucial for several domains including robotics, 3D modelling, rehabilitation medicine and neuroscience. Currently available datasets are few and limited in the number of subjects and movements. The objective of this work is to advance the modelling of hand kinematics by releasing and validating a large publicly available kinematic dataset of hand movements and grasp kinematics. The dataset is based on the harmonization and calibration of the kinematics data of three multimodal datasets previously released (Ninapro DB1, DB2 and DB5, that include electromyography, inertial and dynamic data). The novelty of the dataset is related to the high number of subjects (77) and movements (40 movements, each repeated several times) for which we release for the first time calibrated kinematic data, resulting in the largest available kinematic dataset. Differently from the previous datasets, the data are also calibrated to avoid sensor nonlinearities. The validation confirms that the data are not affected by experimental procedures and that they are similar to data acquired in real-life conditions. Measurement(s) movement quality • grasps kinematics • muscle electrophysiology trait Technology Type(s) sensor • electromyography Factor Type(s) type of movement • joint movement repetition • age • sex • left-handed or right-handed • weight • height • body mass index Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo sapiens Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11341679 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reconsiders the ethico-political stakes of Samuel Beckett's literary and aesthetic practice of failure by elucidating the impulse of perseverance in the three novels (Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnamable) alongside other texts, as well as the wider implications of perseverance on the transnational dispersal of the modern novel and writing in general. By drawing on newly available archival sources—including letters, manuscripts, and translations—, it resituates Beckett's novelistic innovation of "going on" under the threat of the impossible within a strand of literature, visual art, and philosophy in postwar France, especially in connection to Maurice Blanchot, Georges Bataille, and Georges Duthuit around the notion of inoperativity (désœuvrement). Blanchot sketches some of these resonances in The Book to Come, where he tracks how the literary experience of inoperativity culminating in the three novels exhibits the destitution of the subject, work, and language. To lay bare the sheer materiality and finitude of coexistence is to simultaneously refuse all forms of human power and domination. Perseverance, within this confluence, does not maintain fidelity to the event of being, as Alain Badiou argues by way of Spinoza's concept of the conatus ; instead, it opens onto the infinite outside within and through the uneventfulness of everyday life. Ultimately, Beckett's experimentation with the genre of the novel, as part of a countercurrent of inoperative literature and art, on the one hand dismantles the possessive and acquisitive space of the subject as work, and on the other hand improvises entirely different ways of persevering at the interstices of writing, reading, living, and dying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manipulative movements are a series of movements that involve members of the body as a form of action to control an object using energy so that they can engage in movement activities that have a target or goal. Games are movement activities that are loved by all groups of children. Which involves feeling happy, carefree or happy. Information technology is a set of hardware and software that is important in improving the quality of information quickly and with quality. Therefore it is very good and effective if the development of information technology is implemented in the world of sports, one of which is in the form of games for schoolchildren aged 10-12 years so as to facilitate the stages of the learning process in carrying out a variety of good and correct basic motion activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the basic manipulative movement skills in games and the effectiveness of available information technology. This research method uses Borg & Gall research and development with qualitative and quantitative approaches for One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. So the results obtained through Information Technology in the game will be able to improve basic movement skills that are good and right. It was concluded that the model developed in an information technology-based game can enhance symmetrical manipulation of multilateral basic movements, good and right, especially at the age of 10-12 years and the formation of emotional maturity, a sense of togetherness and effective communication among others and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although much research has found that 'birds of a feather flock together,' the authors suggest that opposites tend to attract when it comes to certain spending tendencies; that is, tightwads, who generally spend less than they would ideally like to spend, and spendthrifts, who generally spend more than they would ideally like to spend, tend to marry each other, consistent with the notion that people are attracted to mates who possess characteristics dissimilar to those they deplore in themselves. Despite this complementary attraction, tightwad-spendthrift differences within a marriage predict conflict over finances, which in turn predicts diminished marital well-being. These relationships persist when controlling for important financial outcomes (household-level savings and credit card debt). These findings underscore the importance of studying the relationships among money, consumption, and happiness at an interpersonal level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]