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Epimeria (Metepimeria) acanthurus (Schellenberg, 1931) Figs 12–17, 30d Metepimeria acanthurus Schellenberg, 1931: 162, fig. 85, pl. 1 fig. g. Epimeria acanthurus – K.H. Barnard 1932: 176, figs 104b, 108, pl. 1: fig. Metepimeria acanthurus – J.L. Barnard 1958: 108. — Lowry & Bullock 1976: 122. — Watling & Holman 1981: 216–217, fig. 22. — J.L. Barnard & Karaman 1991: 397. — Gonzalez 1991: 60. — De Broyer & Jażdżewski 1993: 36. — Lörz & Brandt 2004: 179–190 (phylogeny). — Coleman 2007: 61, fig. 36, map 1 (rhomb). “ Epimeria inermis 1” – Rauschert & Arntz 2015: 61, pl. 54. Epimeria (Metepimeria) acanthurus – d’Udekem d’Acoz & Verheye 2017: 117–118. Material examined CHILE • 1 ♀ (22 mm) with setose oostegites and slightly damaged mouthparts; Isla van der Meulen; -48.2901°, -74.33583333°; 15 m depth; 23 Apr. 2015; 250HF24; on hydrozoans, sponges, gorgonians and soft corals (e.g., Alcyonium haddoni Wright & Studer, 1889); colour: orange with white specks, especially on the tergites of the pereonites; ZMB 34099 (Figs 12–17) • 1 dissected ♀ (unspecified type material, with setose oostegites; Puerto Harris; 11 Mar. 1896; Museum Stockholm leg.; ZMB 22838. Description (based on ♀ with setose oostegites, 22 mm). BODY. Head (Fig. 12a, d) with slightly curved rostrum; eyes large and oval; frontal head margin weakly produced, ventral head margin straight. Pereonites 1–2 (Fig. 12a) slightly longer than pereonite 3. Pereonites 3–5 successively longer. Pereonite 5 with mid-dorsal rounded hump at posterior margin. Pereonites 6 and 7 dorsal outline sinuous and mid-dorsal rounded upright hump at posterior margin, that on pereonite 7 larger and slightly more curved posteriorly than that on 6; posterodorsolateral rounded hump on both sides. Pleonites (Fig. 12a) 1–3 progressively longer; pleonites 1–2 with similar dorsal outline as pereonite 7 and posterodorsolateral humps; pleonite 2 with additional hump anteriorly; pleonite 3 with 2 shallow dorsal depressions and mid-dorsal hump anterior of segmental end; posterior margins of pleonites sinuous; posteroventral corner of pleonite 1 angular, those of pleonites 2–3 pointed. Urosomite 1 longest, with mid-dorsal pointed process; urosomite 2 shortest; urosomite 3 with shallow lateral dorsal ridges. HEAD APPENDAGES. Antenna 1 (Fig. 13d) peduncle stout, without long processes, peduncular articles length ratios: 1:0.4: 0.3; accessory flagellum uni-articulate, small, scale-like; flagellum 1 st article about as long as the next 3 articles, more than 11 articles (tip broken off) with groups of long setae and aesthetascs. Antenna 2 (Fig. 13c) peduncular articles 1–2 circumpass article 3; peduncular articles 4 and 5 subequal; flagellum 1 st article about as long as the next 3 articles, flagellum of more than 23 articles (tip broken off). Upper lip (labrum) (Fig. 12b) tapering distally with a shallow notch and fine setation on both sides of the notch. Mandible (Fig. 13a–b, e) body slender, molar triturative with serrate margins and tuft of setae on proximal margin; spine row consisting of 4 stout blade-like setae and slender additional setae; lacinia mobilis distally expanded, with 5 teeth; incisor with 6 stout rounded teeth; palp 3-articulate, length ratios of article 1–3: 1: 3.5: 2.9. Lower lip (hypopharynx) (Fig. 12c) with tapering distally subacute lobe and relatively short mandibular lobe. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 14a) inner plate with 10 plumose setae on medial margin, outer plate oblique with 11 distal spine-like setae with 1–3 distomedial processes; palp 2-articulate with short basal article and unknown distal article (damaged). Maxilla 2 (Fig. 14c) inner plate slightly narrower (92%) compared to outer plate, somewhat tapering distally, two rows of setae from the tip along the medial margin; outer plate subovoid with double row at apex drawing medially. Maxilliped inner plate (Fig. 14b) tapering distally, with 3 nodular setae apically, row of slender setae medially and subapically; outer plate (Fig. 14d) ovoid with serration (Fig. 15a) distomedially, row of setae along medial margin and submarginally distally; palp damaged. PEREON. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 15b) coxa tapering distally, apex pointed, few setae posteromarginally and some on medial face; basis slightly longer than coxa (104%), with row of short, slender setae anteromarginally and two groups of longer setae posteromarginally; ischium subquadrate; merus length 1.5× width, tapering distally, oblique apex with group of setae; carpus and propodus subequal in length with groups of setae posteromarginally; carpus with group of setae anterodistally; propodus with groups of setae on distal half of medial side; dactylus slightly curved with serrate inner curvature and distal unguis. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 15c) similar in shape as gnathopod 1, but articles longer and coxa somewhat more bulky and with more setae on medial face. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 16a) coxa with rounded apex, weakly sinuous and with row of short setae posteromarginally; basis as long as merus and carpus combined, with setae on proximal lateral face and on both margins; ischium slightly expanded distally, slightly longer than wide; ischium to dactylus length ratios 1: 2.6: 2.1: 2.0: 1.3 and stout setae posteromarginally. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 16b–c) coxa longer than wide (116%), anteromarginally shallowly excavate; apex oblique, posterior margin with pointed process; basis as long as merus and carpus combined; ischium longer than wide, somewhat expanded distally; length ratios ischium to dactylus 1: 2.7: 2: 2.3:1.2. Pereopod 5 coxa (Fig. 17a) wider than long (119%) with wide anterior lobe and minute posterior lobe; basis anteromarginally straight, setose, posteroproximally lobate, posterodistomarginally straight, posterodistal oblique lobe; ischium subquadrate with posteromarginal notch; length ratios ischium to dactylus 1: 1.7: 2: 2.9: 1.2; merus and carpus drawn out anterodistally; ischium to propodus with robust setae along posterior margin. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 17b) similar in shape to pereopod 5, but anterior lobe of coxa smaller. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 17c) coxa slightly longer than wide (110%); basis posterior margin sinuous, posteroventral angle rounded and drawn out; length ratios ischium to dactylus 1: 2.1: 1.9: 2.5:1, shape and setation of these articles as for pereopod 5 and 6. PLEOSOME AND UROSOME. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 16f) peduncle tapering distally; two coupling hooks on inner distal angle; rami longer than peduncle (145%), each article with a pair of long feather-like setae. Uropod 1 (Fig. 17f) peduncle weakly shorter than rami (94%), with robust setae on outer margin and a group of slender setae medioproximally; rami subequal. Uropod 2 peduncle (Fig. 17g) shorter than rami; outer ramus shorter than outer ramus (139 % of peduncle), inner ramus 2× the peduncle length. Uropod 3 (Fig. 17h) peduncle shortest; rami lanceolate, subequal in length, 2 × the peduncle length. Telson slightly longer than wide (113%), notched 24%. Distribution (amended from De Broyer et al. 2007) Falkland Islands: Discovery 1925–27: stn WS 81, West Falkland Island, off North Island, 81–82 m (bottom/habitat: sand; gear: nets); stn WS 85, East Falkland Island, off Lively sand; gear: nets); stn WS 85, East Falkland Island, off Lively Island, 79 m (bottom/habitat: sand, shells; gear: commercial otter trawl); stn WS 86, -53.883333°, -60.566667°, 151– 147 m (bottom/habitat: sand, shells, stones; gear: commercial otter trawl) (K.H. Barnard 1932). Magellan Province: Puerto Condor, 90 m (bottom/habitat: rocks, ascidians); Bahia Harris, 27 m (bottom/ habitat: shells) (Schellenberg 1931); Eltanin 9, stn 740, -56.1° to -56.116667°, -66.325°, 384–494 m; Hero 715, stn 894, -54.913333° to -55.916667°, -64.3° to -64.333333°, 263–285 m (Watling & Holman 1981); Isla van der Meulen, 15 m (on hydrozoans) (this study). Depth range 27– 494 m. Type locality Magellan Province: Puerto Condor, 90 m (bottom/habitat: rocks, ascidians); Bahia Harris, 27 m (bottom/ habitat: shells) (Schellenberg 1931). Type specimen location ZMB, Berlin. Remarks When compared with the type material, stored at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB 22838), there are a few differences in the redescribed material: (1) less pronounced depression in the middle of the dorsal carinae on pereonites and pleonites; (2) shorter middorsal and symmetrical process on urosomite 1 (vs anterior margin shorter than posterior); (3) pereopod coxa 3 proximo-posteromarginally narrower; (4) pereopod coxa 4 with a narrower ventral margin, which additionally has a weak depression; (5) colour orange with white specks (vs white with red stripes in the type description: Schellenberg 1931: 162). The few details illustrated by K.H. Barnard (1932) of material collected off the Falklands, deviate from our material in (1) the posterior margin of pleonite 3, which has a rather straight posterior margin with a pointed tooth and a drawn out middorsal carina (vs sinuous margin with rounded protrusion and rounded middorsal hump); (2) the pointed middorsal, slightly forward curved tooth (vs straight subacute tooth) on urosomite 1 and (3) the posteroventral angles of the basis of pereopods 5–7 are drawn out acutely (vs angularly subacute). Watling & Holman (1981) published on material collected south of the Isla de los Estados. Their drawings match our material, except for the telson, which is notched only 12% (vs 26% in our material)., Published as part of Coleman, Charles Oliver, Krapp-Schickel, Traudl & Häussermann, Vreni, 2022, Amphipod crustaceans from Chilean Patagonia, pp. 1-57 in European Journal of Taxonomy 849 (1) on pages 20-29, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.849.1995, http://zenodo.org/record/7427542, {"references":["Schellenberg A. 1931. Gammariden und Caprelliden des Magellangebietes, Sudgeorgiens und der Westantarktis. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903 2 (6): 1 - 290.","Barnard K. H. 1932. Amphipoda. Discovery Reports. Cambridge University Press, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27664","Barnard J. L. 1958. Index to the families, genera and species of the gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea). Allan Hancock Foundation, Occasional Papers 19: 1 - 145.","Lowry J. K. & Bullock W. 1976. Catalogue of the marine gammaridean Amphipoda of the Southern Ocean. Bulletin of the Royal Society of New Zealand 16: 1 - 187.","Watling L. & Holman H. 1981. Additional acanthonotozomatid, paramphitoid and stegocephalid Amphipoda from the Southern Ocean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 (1): 181 - 227.","Barnard J. L. & Karaman G. S. 1991. The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except marine gammaroids). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 13: 1 - 866. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0812 - 7387.13.1991.91","Gonzalez E. 1991. Actual state of gammaridean amphipoda taxonomy and catalogue of species from Chile. Hydrobiologia 223: 47 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 000476282","De Broyer C. & Jazdzewski K. 1993. Contribution to the marine biodiversity inventory. A checklist of the Amphipoda (Crustacea) of the Southern Ocean. Documents de Travail de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 73: 1 - 154.","Lorz A. - N. & Brandt A. 2004. Phylogeny of Antarctic Epimeria (Epimeriidae: Amphipoda). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84 (1): 179 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531540400904 Xh","Coleman C. O. 2007. Acanthonotozomellidae, Amathillopsidae, Dikwidae, Epimeriidae, Iphimediidae Ochlesidae and Vicmusiidae. In: De Broyer C. (ed.) Census of Antarctic Marine Life. Synopsis of the Amphipoda of the Southern Ocean Vol. 2. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles.","Rauschert M. & Arntz W. E. 2015. Antarctic Macrobenthos: A Field Guide of the Invertebrates Living at the Antarctic Seafloor. Arntz & Rauschert Selbstverlag, Wurster Nordseekuste, Germany.","d'Udekem d'Acoz C. & Verheye M. L. 2017. Epimeria of the Southern Ocean with notes on their relatives (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eusiroidea). European Journal of Taxonomy 359: 1 - 553. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2017.359","De Broyer C., Lowry J. K., Jazdzewski K. & Robert H. 2007. Catalogue of the gammaridean and corophiidean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of the Southern Ocean, with distribution and ecological data. In: De Broyer C. (ed.) Census of Antarctic Marine Life: Synopsis of the Amphipoda of the Southern Ocean. Vol. I. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Biologie 77 (Supplement 1): 1 - 325."]}

Macrobrachium acanthurus Wiegmann, 1836 Examined material. Municipality ofAmapá: District of Sucuriju, village of Sucuriju (01°40’35,7”N, 49°55’53,92W), 18.iv.2001, I.M. Vieira and O.M. Costa, 2 males and one female (IEPA 260); estuary of the Sucuriju River (01°40’23,9”N, 49°54’56,7”W), 22.ii.2002, I.M. Vieira and O.M. Costa, 2 males and 1 female with eggs (IEPA 488); 2 male (IEPA 490); estuary of the Sucuriju River (01°40’09,18”N, 49°55’07,34”W), 01.v.2004, I.M. Vieira and C.S. Gama, 1 male (IEPA 505).— Municipality of Macapá: stream Aterro, streams in gallery forests, in savanna (00°15’29”N, 51°03’39”W), 05.vi.2002, I.M. Vieira, 1 female (IEPA 329).— Municipality of Calçoene: waterfall of Henrique, Flexal River (01°45’56,5”N, 51°58’48,0”W), 30.vii.2003, C.S. Gama and D.A. Halboth, 1 specimen (IEPA 494) (Figure 3). Geographic distribution. Western Atlantic Ocean: USA (North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas), Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Islands Virgins, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, Brazil (state of Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) (Bond-buckup & Buckup 1989; Coelho et al. 2006; Coelho & Ramos-Porto 1984; Ferreira et al. 2010; Holthuis 1952; Melo 2003; Bond-Buckup 1989; Delgado et al. 1997; Bowles et al. 2000; Barros & Pimentel 2001). Distribution in Amapá state. Sucuriju River Basin, Flexal River and streams in gallery forests, savannas. Previous records. Pimentel & Magalhães (2014 ) Ecological notes. Collected in clear water streams and estuaries, brackish waters, in muddy substrate, and in the ebb period it is found in tide pools (Coelho et al. 2006) Remarks. The specimens analyzed in this study correspond to the descriptions of Holthuis (1952) and Melo (2003)., Published as part of Vieira, Inacia Maria, Silva, Luiz Maurício Abdon, Almeida, Alini Gomes Santiago De, Almeida, Danilo Pelaes De, Silva-Júnior, Orleno Marques & Tavares-Dias, Marcos, 2022, Diversity, distribution and new records of freshwater and estuarine shrimp in the state of Amapá, eastern Brazilian Amazon region, pp. 41-71 in Zootaxa 5178 (1) on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7021864, {"references":["Bond-Buckup, G. & Buckup, L. (1989) Os Palaemonidae de aguas continentais do Brasil meridional (Crustacea, Decapoda). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 49 (4), 883 - 896.","Coelho, P., Almeida, A., Fidelis, J., Bezerra, L. & Giraldes, B. (2006) Diversity and distribution of the marine and estuarine shrimps (Dendrobranchiata, Stenopodidea and Caridea) from North and Northeast Brazil. Zootaxa, 1221 (1), 41 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1221.1.5","Coelho, P. A. & Ramos-Porto, M. (1984) Camaroes de agua doce do Brasil: distribuicao geografica. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 2, 405 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751984000200014","Ferreira, R. S., Vieira, R. R. R. & D'Incao, F. (2010) The marine and estuarine shrimps of the Palaemoninae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2606 (1), 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2606.1.1","Holthuis, L. B. (1952) A general revision of the Palaemonidae (Crustacea DecapodA Natantia) of the Americas. II. The subfamily Palaemonidae. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles, 12, 1 - 395.","Melo, G. A. S. (2003) Familias Atyidae, Palaemonidae e Sergestidae. In: Melo, G. A. S. (Ed.), Manual de identificacao dos Crustacea Decapoda de agua doce do Brasil. Editora Loyola, Sao Paulo, pp. 289 - 415.","Delgado, J. G., Hector, J., Severeyn, A. R. G., Reverol, Y. M. & J., J. E. (1997) Camarones dulceacuicolas y estuarinos de Venezuela (Atyidae, Palaemonidae): nuevos registros para los Estados Zulla y Falcon. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, 31 (1), 11 - 32.","Bowles, D. E., Aziz, K. & Knight, C. L. (2000) Macrobrachium (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) in the contiguous United States: a review of the species and an assessment of threats to their survival. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20 (1), 158 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990025","Barros, M. P. & Pimentel, F. R. (2001) Decapoda (Crustacea) do estado do Para, Brasil: lista preliminar das especies. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Serie Zoologia, 17 (1), 15 - 41.","Pimentel, F. R. & Magalhaes, C. (2014) Palaemonidae, Euryrhynchidae, and Sergestidae (Crustacea: Decapoda): Records of native species from the states of Amapa and Para, Brazil, with maps of geographic distribution. Check List, 10 (6), 1300 - 1315. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 10.6.1300"]}

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The present study investigated the effects of eyestalk ablation on the reproductive performance of females from the native caridean shrimp Macrobrachium acanthurus. The reproduction parameters fertility, fecundity, egg volume, larvae size, loss of embryos and number of females with viable eggs/larvae were evaluated. Females presenting carapace length of 12–15 mm and spent stage of gonadal development were divided into two groups, one undergoing unilateral eyestalk ablation and the other remaining intact. The specimens were kept in aquarium until ovarian maturation, then brought together with males for mating (proportion of two females for each male). Fecundity and fertility were greater in intact females (1,741 eggs and 1,045 larvae) than in ablated ones (1,373 eggs and 741 larvae). Ablation also reduced the percentage of females with viable eggs (68% intact versus 49% ablated) and larvae (82% intact versus 64% ablated), besides increasing the loss of embryos. Egg volume and shape (ellipsoid) and larvae size were similar, as was the duration of embryonic development. The results of this study suggest that, although ablated females exhibit a high rate of survival, their reproductive performance is reduced; therefore, the ablation technique is not recommended in M. acanthurus farming, so as to protect the animals from physiological stress. Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Espírito Santo (IFES) Piúma Laboratory of Biology and Culture of Crustaceans (LABCRUST) State University of São Paulo (UNESP) – Registro Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y el Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales CONICET Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA) Universidad de Buenos Aires Laboratory of Biology and Culture of Crustaceans (LABCRUST) State University of São Paulo (UNESP) – Registro

Although Caribbean mixed-species herbivorous fish groups are an important component to the reef community by helping to crop algae that often overgrow and kill corals, little is known of how they organize their foraging groups. In spite of a highly flexible membership, the basic structure of these groups consists of a “core species,” that leads the group and often is either the striped parrotfish (Scarus iserti) or the ocean surgeon (Acanthurus tractus). These species lead their groups to open areas where they feed largely on low profile turf algae. Other members prefer macro algae and are termed “associate species,” of which the two common species we studied were the stoplight parrotfish (Sparisoma viride) and the redband parrotfish (Sparisoma aurofrenatum). In spite of the large difference in group sizes between Jamaica and Grand Cayman Islands, the relationships between movement patterns and compositional changes were largely consistent. There was no support for the hypothesis that these dramatic and continuous group changes were related to foraging success. Instead, we speculated that these group changes perhaps were designed to maintain cohesion among a membership that was spread over a wide area. We also examined if associates species may be more than just passive followers of core species but rather instigated the attracting or the building of core groups. Both associate species do attract striped parrotfish in open areas and thus appear active in initiating mixed-species groups. Finally, given that associate species seem to derive little foraging benefit from following core species, we tested the hypothesis that associate species joined core groups to gain protection against predators. Associate species do not selectively join the larger groups of striped parrotfish but appear to join core species randomly and the groups they joined resembled the wide assortment of core groups available in the area. Thus, while associates may be joining core groups for protection, this protection was not based on sizes of core groups.

Territorial and roving grazing fishes farm, and feed on, algae, sediment, or detritus, thus exerting different influences on benthic community structure, and are common clients of cleaner fish. Whether cleaners affect grazing-fish diversity and abundance, and indirectly the benthos, was tested using reefs maintained free of the bluestreak cleaner wrasseLabroides dimidiatusfor 8.5 yr (removals) compared with controls. We quantified fish abundance per grazing functional group, foraging rates of roving grazers, cleaning rates of roving grazers byL. dimidiatus, reef benthos composition, and fouling material on settlement tiles. Abundances of ‘intensive’ and ‘extensive’ territorial farmers, non-farmers, parrotfishes andAcanthurusspp. were lower on removal than control reefs, but this was not the case for ‘indeterminate’ farmers andCtenochaetus striatus. Foraging rates ofAcanthurusspp. andC. striatuswere unaffected by cleaner presence or cleaning duration. This suggests some robustness of the grazers’ foraging behaviour to loss of cleaners.Acanthurusspp. foraged predominantly on sediment and detritus, whereasC. striatusand parrotfishes grazed over algal turfs. Nevertheless, benthic community structure and amount of organic and inorganic material that accumulated over 3.5 mo on tiles were not affected by cleaner presence. Thus, despite greater abundances of many roving grazers, and consequently higher grazing rates being linked to the presence of cleaners, the benthos was not detectably affected by cleaners. This reveals that the positive effect of cleaners on fish abundance is not associated with a subsequent change in the benthos as predicted. Rather, it suggests a resilience of benthic community structure to cleaner-fish loss, possibly related to multiple antagonistic effects of different grazer functional groups. However, losing cleaners remains a problem for reefs, as the lack of cleaning has adverse consequences for fish physiology and populations.

Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegman, 1836) (Fig. 8C) Palaemon acanthurus Wiegmann, 1836: 150. Material examined. Brazil, São Paulo: 2 ♀, CCDB 3468, Ubatuba, Rio Puruba, colls. F. Mantelatto et al., 06.xii.2011; 1 ♂, CCDB 2134, São Sebastião, Rio da Praia do Pinto, colls. F. Mantelatto et al., 12.vii.2006; 1 ♂, CCDB 384, Ilhabela (Ilha de São Sebastião), Cachoeira da Toca, colls. F. Mantelatto et al., 07.vii.2011; 6 ♂, CCDB 3748, Bertioga, Ribeirão dos Alhos, colls. I. Leone et al., 24.x.2011; 2 ♂, CCDB 3203, Iguape, Rio Mar Pequeno, ponte Iguape-Ilha Comprida, colls. F. Mantelatto et al., 18.iv.2011; 7 ♀, 26 j, CCDB 3206, Ilha Comprida, Rio Praia Boqueirão Norte, colls. F. Mantelatto et al., 18.iv.2011; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 22 j, CCDB 3228, Ilha Comprida, Rio Praia Boqueirão Sul, colls. F. Mantelatto et al., 17.iv.2011; 9 ♂, 3 ♀, 11 j, CCDB 5021, Cananéia, Rio Cantagalo, colls. R. Costa et al., 21.v.2012; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 25 j, CCDB 5888, Cananéia, Riacho estrada bairro São Paulo, colls. F. Mantelatto et al., 22.vii.2012; 1 ♂, CCDB 3644, Cananéia, Estrada Pariquera-Açu, tributary of Rio Baguaçu, colls. F. Carvalho et al., 10.xi.2011. Distribution. Western Atlantic— USA (North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississipi, Louisiana, Texas), Mexico, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, St. Martin, U.S.Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, Trinidad and Tobago, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, and Brazil (Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul) (von Ihering 1897; Rathbun 1901; Luederwaldt 1929; Sawaya 1946; Holthuis 1952a, 1959; Hart 1961; Coelho 1963; Williams 1965; Mistakidis 1966; Chace & Hobbs 1969; Melo-Filho 1971; Chace 1972; Coelho & Ramos-Porto 1980; Rodriguez 1980; Abele & Kim 1986, 1989; Bond-Buckup & Buckup 1989, 1999; Coelho et al. 1990; Pereira De Barros & Braun 1997; Ramos-Porto & Coelho 1998; Bowles et al. 2000; Valencia & Campos 2007; Almeida et al. 2013; Pileggi et al. 2014; Pimentel et al. 2014; Poupin 2018). Remarks. Previous records from the coast of São Paulo include Ubatuba, São Sebastião, Ilhabela (Ilha de São Sebastião), Cubatão, Santos, Itanhaém, Peruíbe, Registro, Iguape, Ilha Comprida, and Pariquera-Açu (von Ihering 1897 as Palaemon acanthurus; Luederwaldt 1929; Sawaya 1946; Valenti et al. 1989; Rocha & Bueno 2004; Ferreira et al. 2010; Pileggi & Mantelatto 2010; Pileggi et al. 2014; Mossolin et al. 2016). Sequences accession number (GenBank): CCDB 2134—16S (GU929449), COI (GU929470) (Vergamini et al. 2011)., Published as part of Mantelatto, Fernando L. & Al, Et, 2022, Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: V. Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata [Achelata, Astacidea, Axiidea, Caridea (Alpheoidea and Processoidea excluded), Gebiidea, Stenopodidea], pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 5121 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5121.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6399728, {"references":["Wiegmann, A. F. A. (1836) Beschreibung einiger neuen Crustaceen des Berliner Museums aus Mexico und Brasilien. Archiv Fur Naturgeschicthe, 2 (1), 145 - 151.","Ihering, H. von (1897) Os camaroes de agua doce do Brazil. Revista do Museu Paulista, 2, 421 - 432.","Rathbun, M. J. (1901) Investigations of the Aquatic Resources and Fisheries of Porto Rico by the United States Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1899. The Brachyura and Macrura of Porto Rico. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 20, 1 - 127. [for 1900, preprint dated 1901, published in 1902]","Luederwaldt, H. (1929) Resultados de uma excursao cientifica a Ilha de Sao Sebastiao no litoral do Estado de Sao Paulo em 1925. Revista do Museu Paulista, 16, 1 - 79.","Sawaya, M. P. (1946) Sobre alguns camaroes dagua doce do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 11, 393 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1946.125307","Holthuis, L. B. (1952 a) A general revision of the Palaemonidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Natantia) of the Americas. II. The Subfamily Palaemonidae. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation, 12, 1 - 396.","Holthuis, L. B. (1959) The Crustacea Decapoda of Suriname (Dutch Guiana). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 44, 1 - 296.","Hart, C. W. Jr. (1961) The freshwater shrimps (Atyidae and Palaemonidae) of Jamaica. W. I, with a discussion of their relation to the ancient geography of the Western Caribbean area. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 113 (4), 61 - 80.","Coelho, P. A. (1963) Observacoes preliminares sobre a biologia e a pesca dos camaroes do genero Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) no Estado de Pernambuco. Trabalhos Oceanograficos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 3 (1), 75 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.5914 / tropocean. v 3 i 1.2487","Williams, A. B. (1965) Marine decapod crustaceans of the Carolinas. Fisheries Bulletin, 65 (1), 1 - 298.","Chace F. A. Jr. & Hobbs H. H. Jr. (1969) The freshwater and terrestrial decapod crustaceans of the West-Indies with special reference to Dominica. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 292, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.292.1","Melo-Filho, N. R. (1971) Contribuicao ao estudo do camarao verdadeiro Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) do Rio Grande do Norte. Boletim do Instituto de Biologia Marinha da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 5, 129 - 136.","Chace, F. A. Jr. (1972) The shrimps of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expeditions with a summary of the West-Indian shal- low-water species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 98, 1 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.98","Coelho, P. A. & Ramos-Porto, M. (1980) Crustaceos decapodos da costa do Maranhao, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 29 (2), 135 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241980000200028","Rodriguez, G. (1980) Los crustaceos decapodos de Venezuela. Caracas, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, 494 pp.","Abele, L. G. & Kim, W. (1986) An illustrated guide to the marine decapod crustaceans of Florida. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Technical Series, 8 (1 - 2), 1 - 760.","Abele, L. G. & Kim, W. (1989) The decapod crustaceans of the Panama Canal. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 482, 1 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.482","Bond-Buckup, G. & Buckup, L. (1989) Os Palaemonidae de aguas continentais do Brasil meridional (Crustacea: Decapoda). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 49 (4), 883 - 896.","Bond-Buckup, G. & Buckup, L. (1999) Caridea (pitus, camaroes de agua doce e marinhos). In: Buckup, L. & Bond-Buckup, G. (Eds.), Os crustaceos do Rio Grande do Sul. Ed. UFRGS, Porto Alegre, pp. 300 - 318.","Coelho, P. A., Ramos-Porto, M. & Melo, G. A. S. (1990) Crustaceos decapodos do estado de Alagoas. Anais da Sociedade Nordestina de Zoologia, 3, 21 - 34.","Pereira de Barros, M. & Braun, A. S. (1997) Contribuicao no estudo dos Atyidae e Palaemonidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) do leste brasileiro, 14 º 21 ' e 20 º 55 ' de latitude sul. Biotemas, 10 (1), 7 - 26.","Coelho, P. A. & Ramos-Porto, M. (1998) Malacostraca-Eucarida. Palinuridae. In: Young, P. S. (Ed.), Catalog of Crustacea from Brazil, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 6, pp. 387 - 392","Bowles, D. E., Aziz, K. & Knight, C. L. (2000) Macrobrachium (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) in the contiguous United States: a review of the species and an assessment of threats to their survival. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20 (1), 158 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990025","Valencia, D. & Campos, M. R. (2007) Freshwater prawns of the genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) of Colombia. Zootaxa, 1456 (1), 1 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1456.1.1","Almeida, A. O., Costa-Souza, A. C., Cunha A., Santos, P. S., Oliveira, M. V. & Soledade G. O. (2013) Estuarine caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil: Updated checklist and a key for their identification. Check List, 9 (6), 1396 - 1405. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 9.6.1396","Pileggi, L. G., Rossi, N., Wehrtmann, I. S. & Mantelatto, F. L. (2014) Molecular perspective on the American transisthmian species of Macrobrachium (Caridea, Palaemonidae). ZooKeys, 457, 79 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 457.6818","Pimentel, F. R. & Magalhaes, C. (2014) Palaemonidae, Euryrhynchidae, and Sergestidae (Crustacea: Decapoda): records of native species from the states of Amapa and Para, Brazil, with maps of geographic distribution. Check List, 10 (6), 1300 - 1315. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 10.6.1300","Poupin, J. (2018) Les Crustaces decapodes des Petites Antilles: Avec de nouvelles observations pour Saint-Martin, la Guadeloupe et la Martinique. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 264 pp.","Valenti, W. C., Mello, J. T. C & Lobao, V. L. (1989) Fecundidade em Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) do Rio Ribeira de Iguape (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 6 (1), 9 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751989000100002","Rocha, S. S. & Bueno, S. L. S. (2004) Crustaceos decapodes de agua doce com ocorrencia no Vale do Ribeira de Iguape e rios costeiros adjacentes, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21 (4), 1001 - 1010. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752004000400038","Ferreira, R. S., Vieira, R. R. R. & D'Incao, F. (2010) The marine and estuarine shrimps of the Palaemoninae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2606 (1), 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2606.1.1","Pileggi, L. G. & Mantelatto, F. L. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of the freshwater prawn genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), with emphasis on the relationships among selected American species. Invertebrate Systematics, 24 (1), 194 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 09043","Mossolin, E. C., Pileggi, L. G. & Mantelatto, F. L. (2016) Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae, Macrobrachium Bate, 1868, Sao Sebastiao Island, state of Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Check List, 6 (4), 605 - 613. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 6.4.605","Vergamini, F. G., Pileggi, L. A. & Mantelatto, F. L. (2011) Genetic variability of the Amazon River prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae). Contributions to Zoology, 80, 67 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 18759866 - 08001003"]}

Fishes of the genus Acanthurus (Acanthuridae) are strongly related to reef environments, in a broad biogeographic context worldwide. Although their biological aspects are well known, cytogenetic information related to this genus remains incipient. In this study, Acanthurus species from populations inhabiting coastal regions of the Southwest Atlantic (SWA), South Atlantic oceanic islands (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Trindade Island), Greater Caribbean (GC), and Indo-Pacific Ocean (the center of the origin of the group) were analyzed to investigate their evolutionary differentiation. For this purpose, we employed conventional cytogenetic procedures and fluorescence in situ hybridization of 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and H3 and H2B-H2A histone sequences. The Atlantic species (A. coeruleus, A. chirurgus, and A. bahianus) did not show variations among them, despite their vast continental and insular distribution. In contrast, A. coeruleus from SWA and GC diverged from each other in the number of 18S rDNA sites, a condition likely associated with the barrier created by the outflows of the Amazonas/Orinoco rivers. The geminate species A. tractus had a cytogenetic profile similar to that of A. bahianus. However, the chromosomal macrostructures and the distribution of rDNA and hisDNA sequences revealed moderate to higher rates of diversification when Acanthurus species from recently colonized areas (Atlantic Ocean) were compared to A. triostegus, a representative species from the Indian Ocean. Our cytogenetic data covered all Acanthurus species from the Western Atlantic, tracked phylogenetic diversification throughout the dispersive process of the genus, and highlighted the probable diversifying role of ocean barriers in this process.

* Acanthurus achilles Shaw, 1803. Achilles Surgeon or Achilles Tang. To 26 cm (10.2 in) TL (Randall in Carpenter and Niem 2001). Cabo San Lucas, southern Baja California (Thomson et al. 1979), and south-western Gulf of California (Robertson and Allen 2015). Inshore surge areas (Allen and Robertson 1994); depth: to 45 m (148 ft) (Wagner et al. 2014)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.). (2001) The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony Fishes Part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Volime 6. Bony Fishes Part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), Estuarine Crocodiles, Sea Turtles, Sea Snakes and Marine Mammals. FAO, Rome.","Thomson, D. A., Findley, L. T. & Kerstitch, A. N. (1979) Reef Fishes of the Sea of Cortez. John Wiley and Sons, New York.","Robertson, D. R. and Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 2.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa. http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages","Allen, G. R. & Robertson, D. R. (1994) Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.","Wagner, D., Kosaki, R. K., Spalding, H. L., Whitton, R. K., Pyle, R. L., Sherwood, A. R., Tsuda, R. T. & Calcinai, B. (2014) Mesophotic surveys of the flora and fauna at Johnston Atoll, central Pacific Ocean. Marine Biodiversity Records, 7, e 68;"]}

Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835. Purple Surgeonfish, Yellowfin Surgeonfish,or Yellow-masked Surgeon. To 70 cm (27.6 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). Indo-Pacific; western Pacific Ocean north to southern Japan (Shimada in Nakabo 2002); Palos Verdes, southern California (Bill Power, pers. comm. to M.L.); Gulf of California (Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995) to Ecuador (B��arez 1996), including tip of Baja California (Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995), and Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Marine and brackish waters (Koeda et al. 2016); depth: surface (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California), intertidal to 148 m (3���485 ft) (min.: Arndt and Fricke 2019; max.: Weijerman et al. 2019)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2002) Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.","Nakabo, T. (Ed.). (2002) Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. Tokai University Press, Tokyo.","Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome.","Bearez, P. (1996) Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44, 731 - 741.","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Koeda, K., Hibino, Y., Yoshida, T., Kimura, Y., Miki, R., Kunishima, T., Sasaki, D., Furukawa, T., Sakurai, M., Eguchi, K., Suzuki, H., Inaba, T., Uejo, T., Tanaka, S., Fujisawa, M., Wada, H. & Uchiyama, T. (2016) Annotated Checklist of Fishes of Yonaguni-jima Island, the Westernmost Island in Japan. Kagoshima University Museum, Korimoto, Kagoshima.","Arndt, E. & Fricke, R. (2019) Intertidal fishes of Mauritius with special reference to shallow tidepools. Biodiversity Data Journal, 7, e 36754. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / bdj. 7. e 36754","Weijerman, M., Gruss, A., Dove, D., Asher, J., Williams, I. D., Kelley, C. & Drazen, J. (2019) Shining a light on the composition and distribution patterns of mesophotic and subphotic fish communities in Hawai'i. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 630, 161 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 13135"]}

* Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus, 1758). Goldrim Surgeonfish, Velvet Surgeonfish, or Whitecheek Surgeonfish. To 22 cm (8.7 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2008). Indo-Pacific; western Pacific Ocean north to Yonaguni-jima Island, Japan (Koeda et al. 2016); southern tip of Baja California (Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995) to Ecuador (B��arez 1996), including Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Depth: shallow surge zone to 201 m (659 ft) (Mundy 2005)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2008) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 1.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa.","Koeda, K., Hibino, Y., Yoshida, T., Kimura, Y., Miki, R., Kunishima, T., Sasaki, D., Furukawa, T., Sakurai, M., Eguchi, K., Suzuki, H., Inaba, T., Uejo, T., Tanaka, S., Fujisawa, M., Wada, H. & Uchiyama, T. (2016) Annotated Checklist of Fishes of Yonaguni-jima Island, the Westernmost Island in Japan. Kagoshima University Museum, Korimoto, Kagoshima.","Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome.","Bearez, P. (1996) Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44, 731 - 741.","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Mundy, B. C. (2005) Checklist of the Fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu."]}

* Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758). Convict Surgeonfish or Convict Tang. To 27 cm (10.6 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2008). Indo-Pacific; western Pacific Ocean north to southern Japan (Shimada in Nakabo 2002); Gulf of California (Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995) to Chile (Peque��o 1989), including tip of Baja California (Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995), and Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Marine and brackish waters (Koeda et al. 2016); depth: intertidal to 90 m (295 ft) (min.: Arndt and Fricke 2019; max.: Grove and Lavenberg 1997)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2008) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 1.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa.","Nakabo, T. (Ed.). (2002) Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. Tokai University Press, Tokyo.","Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome.","Pequeno R., G. (1989) Peces de Chile lista sistematica revisada y comentada. Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia, 24, 1 - 132.","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Koeda, K., Hibino, Y., Yoshida, T., Kimura, Y., Miki, R., Kunishima, T., Sasaki, D., Furukawa, T., Sakurai, M., Eguchi, K., Suzuki, H., Inaba, T., Uejo, T., Tanaka, S., Fujisawa, M., Wada, H. & Uchiyama, T. (2016) Annotated Checklist of Fishes of Yonaguni-jima Island, the Westernmost Island in Japan. Kagoshima University Museum, Korimoto, Kagoshima.","Arndt, E. & Fricke, R. (2019) Intertidal fishes of Mauritius with special reference to shallow tidepools. Biodiversity Data Journal, 7, e 36754. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / bdj. 7. e 36754"]}

Acanthurus spp. of St. Kitts and other Caribbean islands, including ocean surgeonfish A. bahianus, doctorfish A. chirurgus, and blue tang A. coeruleus, frequently show multifocal cutaneous pigmentation. Initial reports from the Leeward Antilles raised suspicion of a parasitic etiology. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of the disease in St. Kitts' Acanthuridae and describe its pathology and etiology. Visual surveys demonstrated consistently high adjusted mean prevalence at 3 shallow reefs in St. Kitts in 2017 (38.9%, 95% CI: 33.8-43.9) and 2018 (51.5%; 95% CI: 46.2-56.9). There were no differences in prevalence across species or reefs, but juvenile fish were less commonly affected than adults. A total of 29 dermatopathy-affected acanthurids were sampled by spearfishing for comprehensive postmortem examination. Digenean metacercariae were dissected from

Herbivory is an important process in the general structuring of coral reef benthic communities. However, evidence of its ability to control coral reef benthic cyanobacterial mats, which have recently proliferated on reefs worldwide, remains ambivalent. Here, we report that the French Angelfish (Pomacanthus paru), Striped Parrotfish (Scarus iseri), Rock Beauty (Holacanthus tricolor), Ocean Surgeonfish (Acanthurus bahianus), Blue Parrotfish (Scarus coeruleus), and Atlantic Blue Tang (Acanthurus coeruleus) consume benthic cyanobacterial mats on coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands. We documented the foraging patterns of P. paru and S. iseri, and found that benthic cyanobacterial mats comprised 36.7% ± 5.8% and 15.0% ± 1.53% (mean ± standard error) of the total bites taken by P. paru and S. iseri respectively. This magnitude of consumption suggests that grazing by reef fishes may represent a potentially important, but previously undocumented, top-down control on benthic cyanobacterial mats on Caribbean reefs.

One of the most conspicuous marks of the Anthropocene worldwide is the ubiquitous pollution by long lifespan materials (e.g., plastic). In marine habitats, anthropogenic debris are observed from floating on the surface to deposited on the substrate or ingested by wildlife at different food web levels. However, the link between feeding strategy types and debris ingestion by reef fishes remains poorly explored. We analyzed the gut contents of three nominally herbivorous fishes along the Brazilian coast: the doctorfish Acanthurus chirurgus, the parrotfish, Sparisoma axillare, and the chub Kyphosus vaigiensis. Individual [i.e., total length (TL)] and species-level functional traits, as well sites with distinct environmental features (i.e., tourism activity intensity, fishing pressure, and distance from the coast), were tested as predictors of the concentration of debris found inside individual fish guts. Debris found were quantified, measured, and classified accordingly to color and shape. We found debris in 52.7% of individuals. Debris ranged from 0.10 to 11.75 mm, and the frequency of occurrence and ingestion rate (number of debris per individual) varied among species, being higher for the scraper species S. axillare (95.7% and 4.9 ± 1.2, respectively) and A. chirurgus (74.6% and 1.64 ± 0.34), than for the browser K. vaigiensis (55.8% and 0.83 ± 0.24). TL, scraping feeding mode, and the most impacted location were positively related to debris ingestion rate. Our work revealed a higher vulnerability of an ecologically important trophic group to debris ingestion and of an already threatened species according to Brazilian red list. Besides the increasing number of species contaminated by anthropogenic debris, its effect on fish biology and physiology remains poorly understood. Understanding these links would improve conservation planning as species contamination could act as a proxy for environmental pollution on marine habitats.

We review and develop conceptual models for the bio-transfer of ciguatoxins in food chains for Platypus Bay and the Great Barrier Reef on the east coast of Australia. Platypus Bay is unique in repeatedly producing ciguateric fishes in Australia, with ciguatoxins produced by benthic dinoflagellates (Gambierdiscus spp.) growing epiphytically on free-living, benthic macroalgae. The Gambierdiscus are consumed by invertebrates living within the macroalgae, which are preyed upon by small carnivorous fishes, which are then preyed upon by Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson). We hypothesise that Gambierdiscus and/or Fukuyoa species growing on turf algae are the main source of ciguatoxins entering marine food chains to cause ciguatera on the Great Barrier Reef. The abundance of surgeonfish that feed on turf algae may act as a feedback mechanism controlling the flow of ciguatoxins through this marine food chain. If this hypothesis is broadly applicable, then a reduction in herbivory from overharvesting of herbivores could lead to increases in ciguatera by concentrating ciguatoxins through the remaining, smaller population of herbivores. Modelling the dilution of ciguatoxins by somatic growth in Spanish mackerel and coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) revealed that growth could not significantly reduce the toxicity of fish flesh, except in young fast-growing fishes or legal-sized fishes contaminated with low levels of ciguatoxins. If Spanish mackerel along the east coast of Australia can depurate ciguatoxins, it is most likely with a half-life of ≤1-year. Our review and conceptual models can aid management and research of ciguatera in Australia, and globally.