Search

Your search keyword '"(0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L."' showing total 18 results
Start Over Author "(0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L."
18 results on '"(0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L."'

1. Visualizing plasmons and ultrafast kinetic instabilities in laser-driven solids using X-ray scattering

Author

(0009-0007-5067-7326) Ordyna, P., Bähtz, C., (0009-0004-2404-9412) Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Göde, S., Grenzer, J., (0000-0002-0051-8542) Gutt, C., Höppner, H., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hübner, U., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0009-0005-6873-8292) Edward Marré, B., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., (0000-0002-9933-3248) Miethlinger, T., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., Öztürk, Ö., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0009-0001-0047-1051) Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., (0009-0001-3308-5376) Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0001-9587-404X) Randolph, L., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Šmíd, M., (0000-0001-5007-1868) Starke, S., (0000-0002-4195-2038) Štefaníková, R., Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0009-0007-5067-7326) Ordyna, P., Bähtz, C., (0009-0004-2404-9412) Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Göde, S., Grenzer, J., (0000-0002-0051-8542) Gutt, C., Höppner, H., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hübner, U., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0009-0005-6873-8292) Edward Marré, B., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., (0000-0002-9933-3248) Miethlinger, T., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., Öztürk, Ö., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0009-0001-0047-1051) Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., (0009-0001-3308-5376) Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0001-9587-404X) Randolph, L., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Šmíd, M., (0000-0001-5007-1868) Starke, S., (0000-0002-4195-2038) Štefaníková, R., Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., and (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T.

Abstract

Ultra-intense lasers that ionize atoms and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration. These instabilities can be difficult to characterize, but X-ray scattering at keV photon energies allows for their visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the few nanometer mesoscale. Here, we perform such experiment on laser-driven flat silicon membranes that shows the development of structure with a dominant scale of 60 nm in the plane of the laser axis and laser polarization, and 95 nm in the vertical direction with a growth rate faster than 0.1 fs−1 . Combining the XFEL experiments with simulations provides a complete picture of the structural evolution of ultra-fast laser-induced plasma density development, indicating the excita- tion of plasmons and a filamentation instability. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm that these signals are due to an oblique two-stream filamentation instability. These findings provide new insight into ultra-fast instability and heating processes in solids under extreme conditions at the nanometer level with possible implications for laser particle acceleration, inertial confinement fusion, and laboratory astrophysics.

Published
2024

3. Making the most of Differentiable Propagators for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)

Author

Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0002-4166-9507) Aguilar, R. A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0003-1761-2591) Kelling, J., Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0002-4166-9507) Aguilar, R. A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., and (0000-0003-1761-2591) Kelling, J.

Abstract

Understanding laser-solid interactions is important for the development of laser-driven particle and photon sources, e.g., tumor therapy, astrophysics, and fusion. Currently, these interactions can only be modeled by simulations that need to be verified experimentally. Consequently, pump-probe experiments were conducted to examine the laser-plasma interaction that occurs when a high intensity laser hits a solid target. Since we aim for a femtosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution at European XFEL, we employ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) that can each be approximated by an analytical propagator. In our reconstruction of the target, we employ gradient descent (GD) to iteratively minimize the error between experimental and synthetic patterns propagated from proposed target structures. By implementing the propagator in PyTorch, we leverage the automatic differentiation and GPU acceleration for the GD fit and at the same time obtain a differentiable physically-based loss function for unsupervised training of inversion or surrogate models. For a classical fit, we sample many different initial values for parameters, such as target asymmetry, to find the global minimum, leveraging batch-parallelism. A data-driven model to predict initial conditions close to actual minima can be trained in an unsupervised manner using our pipeline.

Published
2024

4. Leveraging Automatic Differentiation in Complex Model Fitting

Author

Thiessenhusen, E., Aguilar, R. A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Hoffmann, N., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0003-1761-2591) Kelling, J., Thiessenhusen, E., Aguilar, R. A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Hoffmann, N., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., and (0000-0003-1761-2591) Kelling, J.

Abstract

Understanding laser-solid interactions is important for the development of laser-driven particle and photon sources, e.g., tumor therapy, astrophysics, and fusion. Currently, these interactions can only be modeled by simulations that need to be verified experimentally. Consequently, pump-probe experiments were conducted to examine the laser-plasma interaction that occurs when a high intensity laser hits a solid target. Since we aim for a femtosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution at European XFEL, we employ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) that can each be approximated by an analytical propagator. In our reconstruction of the target, we employ a gradient descent algorithm that iteratively minimizes the error between experimental and synthetic patterns propagated from proposed target structures. By implementing the propagator in PyTorch we leverage the automatic differentiation capabilities, as well as the speed-up by computing the process on a GPU. We perform a scan of different initial parameters to find the global minimum, which is accelerated by batching multiple parallel reconstructions.

Published
2024

5. Leveraging Automatic Differentiation in Complex Model Fitting

Author

Thiessenhusen, E., Aguilar, R. A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Hoffmann, N., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0003-1761-2591) Kelling, J., Thiessenhusen, E., Aguilar, R. A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Hoffmann, N., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., and (0000-0003-1761-2591) Kelling, J.

Abstract

Understanding laser-solid interactions is important for the development of laser-driven particle and photon sources, e.g., tumor therapy, astrophysics, and fusion. Currently, these interactions can only be modeled by simulations that need to be verified experimentally. Consequently, pump-probe experiments were conducted to examine the laser-plasma interaction that occurs when a high intensity laser hits a solid target. Since we aim for a femtosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution at European XFEL, we employ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) that can each be approximated by an analytical propagator. In our reconstruction of the target, we employ a gradient descent algorithm that iteratively minimizes the error between experimental and synthetic patterns propagated from proposed target structures. By implementing the propagator in PyTorch we leverage the automatic differentiation capabilities, as well as the speed-up by computing the process on a GPU. We perform a scan of different initial parameters to find the global minimum, which is accelerated by batching multiple parallel reconstructions.

Published
2024

6. Visualizing Ultrafast Kinetic Instabilities in Laser-Driven Solids using X-ray Scattering

Author

Ordyna, P., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., Höppner, H., Humpries, O., (0009-0005-6873-8292) Marre, B. E., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Nakatsutsumi, M., Öztürk, Ö., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0009-0001-0047-1051) Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-4195-2038) Stefanikova, R., Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Ordyna, P., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., Höppner, H., Humpries, O., (0009-0005-6873-8292) Marre, B. E., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Nakatsutsumi, M., Öztürk, Ö., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0009-0001-0047-1051) Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-4195-2038) Stefanikova, R., Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., and (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T.

Abstract

Ultra-intense lasers that ionize and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration. These instabilities can be difficult to characterize, but a novel approach using X-ray scattering at keV energies allows for their visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the few nanometer mesoscale. Our experiments on laser-driven flat silicon membranes show the development of structure with a dominant scale of $~60\unit{nm}$ in the plane of the laser axis and laser polarization, and $~95\unit{nm}$ in the vertical direction with a growth rate faster than $0.1/\mathrm{fs}$. Combining the XFEL experiments with simulations provides a complete picture of the structural evolution of ultra-fast laser-induced instability development, indicating the excitation of surface plasmons and the growth of a new type of filamentation instability. These findings provide new insight into the ultra-fast instability processes in solids under extreme conditions at the nanometer level with important implications for inertial confinement fusion and laboratory astrophysics.

Published
2023

7. Time-resolved optical shadowgraphy of solid hydrogen jets as a testbed to benchmark particle-in-cell simulations

Author

Yang, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0002-6928-2048) Assenbaum, S., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Göthel, I., Göde, S., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Pan, X., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0002-3727-7017) Ziegler, T., (0000-0003-1739-0159) Bernert, C., Yang, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0002-6928-2048) Assenbaum, S., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Göthel, I., Göde, S., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Pan, X., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0002-3727-7017) Ziegler, T., and (0000-0003-1739-0159) Bernert, C.

Abstract

Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are a widely-used tool to model kinetics-dominated plasmas in ultrarelativistic laser-solid interactions (dimensionless vectorpotential a0 > 1). However, interactions approaching subrelativistic laser intensities (a0 ≲ 1) are governed by correlated and collisional plasma physics, calling for benchmarks of available modeling capabilities and the establishment of standardized testbeds. Here, we propose such a testbed to experimentally benchmark PIC simulations of laser-solid interactions using a laser-irradiated micron-sized cryogenic hydrogen-jet target. Time-resolved optical shadowgraphy of the expanding plasma density, complemented by hydrodynamics and ray-tracing simulations, is used to determine the bulk-electron-temperature evolution after laser irradiation. We showcase our testbed by studying isochoric heating of solid hydrogen induced by laser pulses with a dimensionless vectorpotential of a0 ≈ 1. Our testbed reveals that the initial surface-density gradient of the target is decisive to reach quantitative agreement at 1 ps after the interaction, demonstrating its suitability to benchmark controlled parameter scans at subrelativistic laser intensities.

Published
2023

8. Heating in multi-layer targets at ultra-high intensity laser irradiation and the impact of density oscillation

Author

(0009-0001-0047-1051) Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Marre, B. E., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Banjafar, M., Randolph, L., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0009-0001-0047-1051) Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Marre, B. E., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Banjafar, M., Randolph, L., and (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M.

Abstract

Article about Heating in multi-layered target upon UHI laser irradiation

Published
2023

9. Ultra-short pulse laser acceleration of protons to 80 MeV from cryogenic hydrogen jets tailored to near-critical density

Author

(0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., (0000-0002-6928-2048) Assenbaum, S., (0000-0003-1739-0159) Bernert, C., (0000-0002-9859-2408) Brack, F.-E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Curry, C. B., Fiuza, F., Garten, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Gauthier, M., Göde, S., Göthel, I., Glenzer, S. H., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Huebl, A., Kim, J. B., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-0638-6990) Kraft, S., (0000-0002-0275-9892) Kroll, F., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Miethlinger, T., (0000-0001-7858-0007) Löser, M., Obst-Huebl, L., (0000-0003-4962-2153) Reimold, M., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schoenwaelder, C., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-4697-3014) Siebold, M., Treffert, F., Yang, L., (0000-0002-3727-7017) Ziegler, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., (0000-0002-6928-2048) Assenbaum, S., (0000-0003-1739-0159) Bernert, C., (0000-0002-9859-2408) Brack, F.-E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Curry, C. B., Fiuza, F., Garten, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Gauthier, M., Göde, S., Göthel, I., Glenzer, S. H., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Huebl, A., Kim, J. B., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-0638-6990) Kraft, S., (0000-0002-0275-9892) Kroll, F., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Miethlinger, T., (0000-0001-7858-0007) Löser, M., Obst-Huebl, L., (0000-0003-4962-2153) Reimold, M., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schoenwaelder, C., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-4697-3014) Siebold, M., Treffert, F., Yang, L., (0000-0002-3727-7017) Ziegler, T., and (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K.

Abstract

Laser plasma-based particle accelerators attract great interest in fields where conventional accelerators reach limits based on size, cost or beam parameters. Despite the fact that particle in cell simulations have predicted several advantageous ion acceleration schemes, laser accelerators have not yet reached their full potential in producing simultaneous high-radiation doses at high particle energies. The most stringent limitation is the lack of a suitable high-repetition rate target that also provides a high degree of control of the plasma conditions required to access these advanced regimes. Here, we demonstrate that the interaction of petawatt-class laser pulses with a pre-formed micrometer-sized cryogenic hydrogen jet plasma overcomes these limitations enabling tailored density scans from the solid to the underdense regime. Our proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that the near-critical plasma density profile produces proton energies of up to 80 MeV. Based on hydrodynamic and three-dimensional particle in cell simulations, transition between different acceleration schemes are shown, suggesting enhanced proton acceleration at the relativistic transparency front for the optimal case.

Published
2023

10. Source Data: Ultra-short pulse laser acceleration of protons to 80 MeV from cryogenic hydrogen jets tailored to near-critical density

Author

(0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., (0000-0002-6928-2048) Assenbaum, S., (0000-0003-1739-0159) Bernert, C., (0000-0002-9859-2408) Brack, F.-E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0001-8756-181X) Curry, C. B., (0000-0002-8502-5535) Fiuza, F., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0001-6608-9325) Gauthier, M., Göde, S., Göthel, I., (0000-0001-9112-0558) Glenzer, S. H., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0003-1943-7141) Huebl, A., Kim, J. B., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-0638-6990) Kraft, S., (0000-0002-0275-9892) Kroll, F., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Miethlinger, T., (0000-0001-7858-0007) Löser, M., (0000-0001-9236-8037) Obst-Huebl, L., (0000-0003-4962-2153) Reimold, M., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0002-6181-4054) Schoenwaelder, C., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-4697-3014) Siebold, M., (0000-0003-1277-4241) Treffert, F., Yang, L., (0000-0002-3727-7017) Ziegler, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., (0000-0002-6928-2048) Assenbaum, S., (0000-0003-1739-0159) Bernert, C., (0000-0002-9859-2408) Brack, F.-E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0001-8756-181X) Curry, C. B., (0000-0002-8502-5535) Fiuza, F., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0001-6608-9325) Gauthier, M., Göde, S., Göthel, I., (0000-0001-9112-0558) Glenzer, S. H., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0003-1943-7141) Huebl, A., Kim, J. B., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-0638-6990) Kraft, S., (0000-0002-0275-9892) Kroll, F., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Miethlinger, T., (0000-0001-7858-0007) Löser, M., (0000-0001-9236-8037) Obst-Huebl, L., (0000-0003-4962-2153) Reimold, M., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0002-6181-4054) Schoenwaelder, C., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-4697-3014) Siebold, M., (0000-0003-1277-4241) Treffert, F., Yang, L., (0000-0002-3727-7017) Ziegler, T., and (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K.

Abstract

Data for all figures of publication: " Ultra-short pulse laser acceleration of protons to 80 MeV from cryogenic hydrogen jets tailored to near-critical density". The folder structure is adapted to match the figures in the publication.

Published
2023

11. Leveraging Automatic Differentiation in Complex Model Fitting

Author

Thiessenhusen, E., Aguilar, R. A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hoffmann, N., (0000-0003-1761-2591) Kelling, J., Thiessenhusen, E., Aguilar, R. A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hoffmann, N., and (0000-0003-1761-2591) Kelling, J.

Abstract

Understanding laser-solid interactions is important for the development of laser-driven particle and photon sources, e.g., tumor therapy, astrophysics, and fusion. Currently, these interactions can only be modeled by simulations that need to be verified experimentally. Consequently, pump-probe experiments were conducted to examine the laser-plasma interaction that occurs when a high intensity laser hits a solid target. Since we aim for a femtosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution at European XFEL, we employ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) that can each be approximated by an analytical propagator. In our reconstruction of the target, we employ a gradient descent algorithm that iteratively minimizes the error between experimental and synthetic patterns propagated from proposed target structures. By implementing the propagator in PyTorch we leverage the automatic differentiation capabilities, as well as the speed-up by computing the process on a GPU. We perform a scan of different initial parameters to find the global minimum, which is accelerated by batching multiple parallel reconstructions. The fully differentiable implementation of a forward function may serve as a physically-constraining loss, enabling training with unpaired data or unsupervised training of neural networks to predict the initial parameters for the gradient descent fit.

Published
2023

12. Visualizing Ultrafast Kinetic Instabilities in Laser-Driven Solids using X-ray Scattering

Author

Ordyna, P., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., Höppner, H., Humpries, O., Marre, B. E., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Nakatsutsumi, M., Öztürk, Ö., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-4195-2038) Stefanikova, R., Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Ordyna, P., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., Höppner, H., Humpries, O., Marre, B. E., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Nakatsutsumi, M., Öztürk, Ö., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-4195-2038) Stefanikova, R., Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., and (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T.

Abstract

Ultra-intense lasers that ionize and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration. These instabilities can be difficult to characterize, but a novel approach using X-ray scattering at keV energies allows for their visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the few nanometer mesoscale. Our experiments on laser-driven flat silicon membranes show the development of structure with a dominant scale of $~60\unit{nm}$ in the plane of the laser axis and laser polarization, and $~95\unit{nm}$ in the vertical direction with a growth rate faster than $0.1/\mathrm{fs}$. Combining the XFEL experiments with simulations provides a complete picture of the structural evolution of ultra-fast laser-induced instability development, indicating the excitation of surface plasmons and the growth of a new type of filamentation instability. These findings provide new insight into the ultra-fast instability processes in solids under extreme conditions at the nanometer level with important implications for inertial confinement fusion and laboratory astrophysics.

Published
2023

13. Commissioning and First User Experiments with ReLaX and XFEL Beam

Author

(0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., and Pelka, A.

Abstract

In this presentation we provide an overview of the commissioning and first user experiment of ReLaX in combination with the XFEL beam. We will introduce the setup and laser parameters. We will show the established standard setup combining small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), phase-contrast imaging (PCI) and spectroscopy techniques. Finally we will show examples of the data obtained in the interaction of the ReLaX laser with targets of interested for the short-pulse laser community.

Published
2022

14. Ultrafast melting of Warm Dense Cu studied by x-ray spectroscopy

Author

(0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., Bowers, B., Chang, Y.-Y., (0000-0001-9129-4208) Couperus Cabadağ, J. P., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Kozlová, M., Kurz, T., La Berge, M., Pan, X., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., Ruiz De Los Panos, I. L., (0000-0002-2769-4749) Schöbel, S., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0003-4362-3438) Zarini, O., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-4626-0049) Irman, A., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., Bowers, B., Chang, Y.-Y., (0000-0001-9129-4208) Couperus Cabadağ, J. P., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Kozlová, M., Kurz, T., La Berge, M., Pan, X., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., Ruiz De Los Panos, I. L., (0000-0002-2769-4749) Schöbel, S., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0003-4362-3438) Zarini, O., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-4626-0049) Irman, A., and (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K.

Abstract

We present novel experimental results of ultra fast heating of Warm Dense Cu diagnosed by means of x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy carried out at the Draco laser facility at HZDR in 2021. A thin Cu foil was directly heated to few eV temperature by an ultra short laser pulse (40 fs, 2e15 W/cm2) and probed with variable delay in the range 0.2-20 ps by a laser-driven betatron radiation. This betatron radiation, created by a laser wakefield accelerator, is an unique x-ray source with its ultra short duration and broadband spectrum, therefore ideally suited for studies of non-equilibrium dense plasmas while its high brightness allows for single-shot measurement. The sample is studied via the X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the region above the Cu K-edge. This method provides temporally-resolved information about both the ionic structure of the matter and its temperature during the process of ultrafast heating and melting of the material. The measured spectra are understood and analyzed by using Ab initio simulations and the temporal evoution of heatig and melting is compared to PIC simulations to infer the electron to ion energy transer.

Published
2022

15. Ultrafast melting of Warm Dense Cu studied by x-ray spectroscopy

Author

(0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., Bowers, B., Chang, Y.-Y., (0000-0001-9129-4208) Couperus Cabadağ, J. P., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Kozlová, M., Kurz, T., La Berge, M., Pan, X., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., Ruiz De Los Panos, I. L., (0000-0002-2769-4749) Schöbel, S., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0003-4362-3438) Zarini, O., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-4626-0049) Irman, A., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., Bowers, B., Chang, Y.-Y., (0000-0001-9129-4208) Couperus Cabadağ, J. P., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Kozlová, M., Kurz, T., La Berge, M., Pan, X., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., Ruiz De Los Panos, I. L., (0000-0002-2769-4749) Schöbel, S., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0003-4362-3438) Zarini, O., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-4626-0049) Irman, A., and (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K.

Abstract

We present novel experimental results of ultra fast heating of Warm Dense Cu diagnosed by means of x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy carried out at the Draco laser facility at HZDR in 2021. A thin Cu foil was directly heated to few eV temperature by an ultra short laser pulse (40 fs, 2e15 W/cm2) and probed with variable delay in the range 0.2-20 ps by a laser-driven betatron radiation. This betatron radiation, created by a laser wakefield accelerator, is an unique x-ray source with its ultra short duration and broadband spectrum, therefore ideally suited for studies of non-equilibrium dense plasmas while its high brightness allows for single-shot measurement. The sample is studied via the X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the region above the Cu K-edge. This method provides temporally-resolved information about both the ionic structure of the matter and its temperature during the process of ultrafast heating and melting of the material. The measured spectra are understood and analyzed by using Ab initio simulations and the temporal evoution of heatig and melting is compared to PIC simulations to infer the electron to ion energy transer.

Published
2022

16. Towards perfectly linearly polarized x-rays

Author

(0000-0002-3185-4469) Schulze, K. S., Grabiger, B., Loetzsch, R., Marx-Glowna, B., Schmitt, A. T., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Hippler, W., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0003-2239-1789) Karbstein, F., Konôpková, Z., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., Strohm, C., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Uschmann, I., Wille, H.-C., Zastrau, U., Röhlsberger, R., Stöhlker, T., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Paulus, G. G., (0000-0002-3185-4469) Schulze, K. S., Grabiger, B., Loetzsch, R., Marx-Glowna, B., Schmitt, A. T., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Hippler, W., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0003-2239-1789) Karbstein, F., Konôpková, Z., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., Strohm, C., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Uschmann, I., Wille, H.-C., Zastrau, U., Röhlsberger, R., Stöhlker, T., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., and Paulus, G. G.

Abstract

In recent years, high-precision x-ray polarimeters have become a key method for the investigation of fundamental physical questions from solid-state physics to quantum optics. Here, we report on the verification of a polarization purity of better than 8×10−11 at an x-ray free-electron laser, which implies a suppression of the incoming photons to the noise level in the crossed polarizer setting. This purity provides exceptional sensitivity to tiny polarization changes and offers intriguing perspectives for fundamental tests of quantum electrodynamics.

Published
2022

17. Combined Phase Contrast Imaging and Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Diagnostic of Relativistic Plasmas at the High Energy Density Instrument at European XFEL

Author

(0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., and Pelka, A.

Abstract

The High Energy Density (HED) instrument at the European XFEL provides a platform to study hot and warm dense matter. The Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HiBEF) is a User Consortium supplying HED with two laser systems (the high-intensity ReLaX laser, by Amplitude Technologies, and the high-energy Dipole-100X laser, by STFC), Diamond Anvil Cells setup and high-pulsed magnetic fields. These tools in combination with the XFEL beam enable the investigation of relativistic laser plasmas, strong-field QED phenomena, high-pressure astro- and planetary physics as well as magnetic phenomena in condensed matter. The successful commissioning of the ultra-short pulse high-intensity ReLaX laser, provides new unique opportunities in the plasma and high-field physics fields [1]. ReLaX is a double CPA Ti:Sa laser capable of delivering up to 300 TW pulses on target. In the first commissioning phase, 100 TW pulses were used, reaching intensities up to 1020 W/cm2. Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) without the need of a beamstop was first commissioned at HED in September 2019. Two highly annealed pyrolytic graphite (HAPG) crystals were used to reflect the SAXS photons onto a detector while allowing the main XFEL beam to go through [2]. In April and May 2021, Small Angle X-Ray Scattering and Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) were simultaneously demonstrated in pump-probe experiments at HED in a community experiment involving 15 institutions from all over the world. In this talk we will present the preliminary results of this community experiment probing ultrafast phenomena in a wide array of target configurations: hole boring in wires, shockwave generation in CH blocks, buried heating of a wire inside a CH medium, foam ionization and collective effects in heated foils. [1] A. Laso Garcia, H. Hoeppner, A. Pelka et al., “ReLaX: the HiBEF high-intensity short-pulse laser driver for relativistic laser-matter interaction and strong-field science at the HED instrument at Eu

Published
2022

18. Commissioning and First User Experiments with ReLaX and XFEL Beam

Author

(0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., and Pelka, A.

Abstract

In this presentation we provide an overview of the commissioning and first user experiment of ReLaX in combination with the XFEL beam. We will introduce the setup and laser parameters. We will show the established standard setup combining small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), phase-contrast imaging (PCI) and spectroscopy techniques. Finally we will show examples of the data obtained in the interaction of the ReLaX laser with targets of interested for the short-pulse laser community.

Published
2022

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results