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Pyramids/particles of NiO/SnO2 composite (NS7) was produced by applying the sol–gel autocombustion method. The produced composite was investigated using different techniques, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet–visible absorbance spectroscopy, and BET surface area then was applied for the adsorption and separation of molybdenum and zirconium ions from lanthanum, strontium, and cesium. 3D pyramids of NiO and particles of SnO2 are confirmed in the composite with a homogeneous mesoporous structure. The composite has good affinity for zirconium and molybdenum ions with fast kinetics and Qmax of 27.1 and 33.3 mg/g, respectively, low affinity for lanthanum, and negligible affinity for strontium and cesium. The sorption mechanism is physical sorption and endothermic in nature. The adsorbed Zr(IV), Mo(VI), and La(III) ions were separated using the desorption process as the following sequence: First, 95 ± 2% (14.3 ppm) of the loaded La was desorbed by washing with double distilled water. Then 96 ± 2% (41.3 ppm) of the loaded Zr was recovered by 1 M potassium chloride without interfering ions. Finally, 98 ± 2% (42.88 ppm) of Mo is desorbed by 1 M sodium acetate solution. The NS7 composite can be reused five times successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the polydopamine coating method and acrylonitrile addition grafting method were used to obtain corn stalk carbon modified by –C≡N (CSC@CN). Next, the amidoxime-modified corn stalk carbon was synthesized using a hydroxylamine hydrochloride electrophilic addition method. This modified carbon material was used as an adsorption material of uranyl ions. A series of experimental results showed that at a temperature of 298 K, the solid-liquid ratio is 0.4 g/L, the initial concentration of uranium solution is 150 ppm with pH = 6, and the adsorption time is 420 min, achieving the maximum adsorption capacity of uranium of 230.58 mg/g. The kinetic study of the adsorption process showed that it conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic model, which belonged to chemisorption, and the Langmuir model, which belonged to monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic studies showed that the standard enthalpy change ΔH0<0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\Delta {\text{H}}^{0} \; < \;0$$\end{document}, indicating that the adsorption process was endothermic. The standard Gibbs free energy change ΔG0<0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\Delta {\text{G}}^{0} \; < \;0$$\end{document}, indicating that the adsorption reaction was spontaneous. Furthermore, entropy ΔS0>0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\Delta {\text{S}}^{0} > 0$$\end{document}, suggesting an increase in confusion at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-grade heavy metal elements in copper slag (CS) are worth recovering. Unfortunately, the high viscosity of leaching solution, low leaching efficiency, difficult filtration and low separation efficiency of valuable components exist in the traditional sulfuric acid leaching process. In this study, the above problems are solved by sulfuric acid pretreatment + curing + water leaching. Moreover, iron, cobalt and copper ions in solution are separated by stepwise precipitation. The final iron, cobalt, copper and silicon recoveries are 99.01 %, 98.45 %, 93.13 % and 99.52 %, respectively. Thermodynamic calculations show that H 4 SiO 4 can be converted to insoluble SiO 2 to improve filtration properties under curing conditions of sulfur dioxide partial pressures of 10−20∼0 atm, oxygen partial pressures of 10−20∼0 atm and 400–600k. Simulation studies of the phase equilibria of the components of the leach solution by Visual MINTEQ showed that the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ is necessary for the removal of Fe2+ from the solution by precipitation. This study provides a new idea for the efficient utilization of CS. [Display omitted] • An unconventional approach is developed for comprehensive recycling copper slags. • The problem of poor filterability for the solution with silica-gel is well solved. • The recovery of Fe, Co, Cu, Si from copper slag is 99.01 %, 98.45 %, 93.13 %, 99.52 %. • The gradual precipitation mechanism of valence metals was studied by Visual MINTEQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we study black hole stability and phase transition in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton (EMD) gravity. A dilaton field is non-minimally related to the Maxwell field in the EMD gravity and is an intriguing alternative for General Relativity. By using the thermodynamic laws of the black holes, temperature, entropy, heat capacity, pressure, critical points and Gibbs free energy of charged static dilaton black holes in EMD gravity were all thoroughly explored and effects of dilaton constant on these quantities are studied and the results are compared with Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordström, and Gibbons-Maeda-Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GMGHS) black holes. In other cases, the system has stable and unstable areas. Since the heat capacity is discontinuous, the system experiences a phase transition, and Van der Waals-like phase transitions occur between the small and large black holes. It has been observed that the heat capacity for the GMGHS and Schwarzschild black holes is always negative, making these systems unstable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we successfully synthesized a cost-effective (7.88 USD/kg) multi-active site (CuCl 2 , CuO and KCl) functionalized Spirulina residue-based porous carbon (MMBC). This innovative synthesis method utilizes Spirulina residue, a sustainable and low-cost biomass source, making the production of MMBC economically viable and environmentally friendly. Under ambient conditions, MMBC exhibits competitive adsorption capacities for NH 3 and SO 2 compared to other adsorbents, reaching 3.01 mmol/g (i.e. , 51.26 mg/g) and 0.70 mmol/g (i.e. , 44.85 mg/g), respectively, and tolerable recoverability. These values are significant improvements over many existing adsorbents, highlighting MMBC's efficiency in removing toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). Additionally, even at low molar fractions of NH 3 or SO 2 , such as 0.001, MMBC demonstrates significant ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) selectivity for NH 3 /N 2 and SO 2 /N 2 , with values of 12.02 and 4.19, respectively. This high selectivity at low concentrations underscores MMBC's potential for applications in environments with trace amounts of pollutants. Furthermore, extensive research has been conducted in this study to elucidate the microscopic and macroscopic adsorption mechanisms of NH 3 and SO 2 on MMBC. Specifically, investigations in statistical physics models and statistical thermodynamics reveal that the adsorption of NH 3 and SO 2 on MMBC adhere to a non-aggregative, multilayer, multi-anchorage, and spontaneous exothermic physicochemical behavior. And the adsorption orientation occurs either horizontally or both horizontally and non-horizontally, contingent upon the system and temperature. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the adsorption processes and provide innovative insights into the adsorption mechanisms at the molecular level and at the macroscopic scale. Besides, the material characterization results reveal that the above adsorption process involves both physical interactions (pore diffusion and van der Waals forces) and chemical interactions (CuCl 2 with NH 3 , CuO and KCl with SO 2), indicating a physicochemical adsorption mechanism. This dual mechanism of adsorption offers a comprehensive explanation of the high performance of MMBC. In summary, this study developed a cost-effective Spirulina residue-based adsorbent, exhibiting high removal efficiency and selectivity for TICs, and providing deep insights into adsorption mechanisms. The innovative use of Spirulina residue addresses waste management issues and promotes the development of sustainable materials in the field of environmental remediation, contributing to cleaner production. [Display omitted] • MMBC with multiple active sorption sites was prepared for NH 3 and SO 2 removal. • Precise modeling of NH 3 and SO 2 sorption isotherms by a saturated multilayer model. • At 25 °C and 1 bar, MMBC captures NH 3 at 3.01 mmol/g and SO 2 at 0.70 mmol/g. • At 0.001 molar fraction of NH 3 or SO 2 , S NH3/N2 = 12.02 and S SO2/N2 = 4.19 for MMBC. • The microscopic and macroscopic adsorption mechanisms were explored in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Double perovskites Rb 2 TlSbX 6 (X=Cl, Br, and I) have stable cubic structures and exhibit thermal stability. • All materials exhibit ductile behavior, anisotropy, and mechanical toughness. • Exhibit direct band gaps of 1.74, 1.34, and 1.15 eV, respectively. • Significant absorption and conductivity demonstrate potential for photovoltaic applications. • ZT values of 0.78, 0.80, and 0.84 suggest the greater performance of materials in thermoelectric devices. This study utilized the WIEN2k simulation program to examine the structural, mechanical, thermodynamic, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric characteristics of lead-free double perovskites Rb 2 TlSbX 6 (X=Cl, Br, and I). The objective is to assess their potential contribution to next-generation photovoltaic and thermoelectric systems. The ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) has validated that materials are thermodynamically stable. Examining mechanical features confirms the mechanical stability and ductile characteristics of studied perovskites. Rb 2 TlSbCl 6 exhibits superior flexibility and stiffness, whereas Rb 2 TlSbI 6 demonstrates the highest level of anisotropy. The thermodynamic parameters confirm the thermal stability and stronger bonding at elevated pressure and temperature. The electronic features, determined by implementing the GGA-PBE and TB-mBJ functionals, indicate direct band gaps at the Γ- Γ position. The band gap ranges from 1.22 eV to 1.74 eV, 0.94 to 1.34 eV, and 0.81 eV to 1.15 eV for Rb 2 TlSbCl 6 , Rb 2 TlSbBr 6 , and Rb 2 TlSbI 6 , respectively. The analyzed optical characteristics reveal significant absorption and conductivity with decreased reflectance and optical loss between 0 and 6 eV. Rb 2 TlSbI 6 has the greatest dielectric constant, which suggests a lower recombination rate of electron-hole pairs. The thermoelectric characteristics demonstrate a large figure of merit values of 0.78, 0.80, and 0.84 at room temperature. Therefore, these materials have the significant capability for solar cell technology and may effectively convert thermal energy into usable electrical power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Study of thermoelectric, photocatalytic and photovoltaic of CsPbI 2 Br. • DOS diagrams of CsPbI 2 Br, have semiconductor character with a direct gap. • CsPbI 2 Br exhibits thermodynamic and dynamic stability. • CBM and VBM potentials vs. normal hydrogen electrode are interpreted and analyzed. • CsPbI 2 Br is a promising photovoltaic and photocatalyst for hydrogen production. Inorganic CsPbI 2 Br perovskites, derived from cesium, hold potential for use in solar and optoelectronic devices. This study utilized density functional theory calculations to investigate the structural, phonon, electronic, optical, photovoltaic, thermoelectric, thermodynamic, and photocatalytic properties of CsPbI 2 Br. The phase stability of our compound is thoroughly researched, and it is confirmed that all are thermodynamically and dynamically stable. Formation energy is employed to confirm thermodynamic stability while phonon dispersion is used to confirm dynamical stability. We have computed the electronic properties of CsPbI 2 Br, such as PDOS, TDOS, and its band structure. The results indicate that the material is a p-type semiconductor which has a direct gap value of 1.50 eV and 1.92 eV using GGA-PBE and TB-mBJ respectively. Higher absorption coefficient, optical conductivity, reflectivity and other optical properties of the CsPbI 2 Br compound indicate better absorption in the visible spectrum. This distinguishes this substance as an exceptional candidate for optoelectronic devices. Improved utilization of CsPbI 2 Br in thermoelectric devices is evident from the power factor PF, Seebeck coefficient, figure of merit, and other thermoelectric properties. CsPbI 2 Br is advantageous in the solar industry due to its external quantum efficiency, open-circuit voltage of 1.92 V, and short-circuit current of 19.67 mA.cm−2. Additionally, the study examined the compound's thermodynamic properties and examined how the temperature affected its entropy, free energy, enthalpy and heat capacity. Furthermore, it meets the thermodynamic necessary conditions to initiate the water-splitting reaction; the CsPbI 2 Br compound demonstrates strong photocatalytic performance. This implies that CsPbI 2 Br may open up new avenues for thermoelectric and optoelectronic experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • H 2 binding thermodynamics for Cr(CO) 3 (PR 3) 2 /Cr(η2-H 2)(CO) 3 (PR 3) 2 in tetrahydrofuran R = cyclohexyl, isopropyl. • Density functional theory calculations reproduce existing structures and spectra. • Cr(CO) 3 (PCy 3) 2 with facing Cy groups close in energy to the agostic Cr(η2- HC -CyPCy 2)(CO) 3 (PCy 3) The structures of the complexes Cr(CO) 3 (PR 3) 2 , (3) R = cyclohexyl and (4) isopropyl and their labile dihydrogen adducts Cr(η2-H 2)(CO) 3 (PR 3) 2 (1) R = cyclohexyl and (2) isopropyl are calculated using density functional theory and compared to known structures of 3 , Cr(η2- HC -CyPCy 2)(CO) 3 (PCy 3) (CSD code JOHNOJ) with an agostic C H Cr interaction, and of 2 , Cr(η2-H 2)(CO) 3 (PiPr 3) 2 (CSD LEYCOH) with a very short H H distance. The TPSS functional with Grimme D3 dispersion, with a def2-TZVP basis set on all atoms and with the PCM solvent model for tetrahydrofuran (THF) reproduces fairly accurately the geometries, available vibrational spectra, and enthalpy of dihydrogen coordination in THF solution from literature experiments while other computational settings do not. This is a rare example of the calibration of theory with experiment for the Gibbs energy change in a solution phase reaction involving dihydrogen gas. The agostic form of the molecule is favoured in the crystal by intermolecular C H H C interactions as illustrated using Hirshfeld surface analysis and by the more compact size of this conformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, for environmental remediation, photocatalytic process involving graphene-based semiconductors is considered a very promising oxidation process for water treatment. In the present study, nanocomposite (Cu/Ni/rGO) has been synthesized by Dypsis lutescens leaf extract. Characterization of the sample was carried out by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Different parameters like contact time, nanocatalyst amount, dye concentration, effect of temperature. and pH factor were optimized to examine the maximum removal efficiency for dyes rhodamine B and alizarine R with and without visible light source. In both cases, i.e., with or without light, maximum removal was observed at 20 mg of nanocatalyst for 5 ppm concentration of both dyes at 45 °C temperature and pH 10 for rhodamine B and pH 4 for alizarine R, respectively with a 20 min contact time. Maximum removal of dyes 93% rhodamine B and 91% alizarine R were observed under a tungsten lamp as compared to without a tungsten lamp, i.e., 78% of RhB and 75% of AR from mixture solution of these dyes. To assess the rate of reaction, spontaneity, and nature of reaction thermodynamics, kinetics and adsorption isotherms were studied. Thermodynamic values indicated that both dyes depicted endothermic and spontaneous degradation processes. Isotherm data fitted best to a Freundlich isotherm, while results of kinetic studies of both dyes followed the pseudo 2nd order kinetic equation. In the end, scavenging radical studies concluded that hydroxyl radicals were the main active specie involved in the photocatalytic degradation process, and regeneration experiments resulted that Cu/Ni/rGO nanocomposites were re-utilized for about four times.

Under irradiation, the formation of fission products in the (U,Pu)O2 fuel with time has a substantial effect on its chemistry. In particular, migration of the most volatile fission products (Cs, Te, I, Mo) from the center to the periphery of the fuel pellet is induced by the large radial thermal gradient. To predict the thermodynamic properties of the irradiated fuel, thermodynamic modeling of the complex multi-component (Cs-I-Te-Mo)–(U-Pu)–O system is performed using the CALPHAD method. In this work, the thermodynamic assessment of the U–Te sub-system is performed. The literature review reveals a lack of experimental data as well as scattering and inconsistency of some of the data. In particular, no thermodynamic data exist on the liquid. From this review, input thermodynamic and phase diagram data are carefully selected. The Gibbs energy functions are then adjusted by fitting these data. An overall good agreement is obtained with all the selected data except for the enthalpy of formation for UTe which is underestimated by 13% by our model. This could be due to an inconsistency between the enthalpy of formation and vapor pressure data. In a second step, the uncertainties on the thermodynamic parameters and their propagation on the calculated thermodynamic and phase diagram data are estimated using a Bayesian approach. The analysis shows that there are too many parameters (22) for too few data points (120 points). The uncertainties are thus large on some of the calculated data. Moreover the inconsistency of some of the data and the lack of thermodynamic data for the liquid makes the model uncertain. New experimental data such as heat capacity, enthalpy of formation for the compounds, and chemical potentials or activities for the liquid phase would improve the reliability of our model. Measurements of phase diagram data in the U–UTe2 region are also required. However this work provides the first detailed uncertainty analysis of the U–Te CALPHAD model. Moreover our approach, contrary to other Bayesian methods, provides an analytical posterior probability distribution and analytical credible intervals for the calculated thermodynamic quantities. It also speeds up the simulation of the uncertainty estimations on the phase diagram.

The three organic residuals of pistachio, peanut, and almond were investigated for the removal capacity and removal mechanism of cadmium ion from aqueous. Adsorption efficiency on reducing cadmium was evaluated with batch experiment parameters, contact time, sorbent dose, pH, and Cd2+ amount. The sorption process of metal ions was defined well with the pseudo-second order kinetic, and Langmuir isotherm model having an adsorption capacity (qemax) of 51.28 mg g−1 of pistachio, 62.11 mg g−1 of peanut, 78.74 mg g−1 of almond. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM, FTIR, and elemental analysis. The characterization study revealed that recycled lignocelluloses are composed of rough and porous surfaces with many active sites, contribute to metal ions removal in many ways, such as electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, complex formation, and physical adsorption. These findings highlighted that the shells can be effectively applied removal of divalent metal from aquatic solution.

The thermodynamics and kinetics of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) reduction were studied experimentally. The oxygen potential in the systems was determined by the electromotive force (EMF) method. Experimental equations for ΔG = f(T) were derived. The CO content at different temperatures was determined. The highest degree of reduction was observed at the ratio EAFD/reducing agent - 1:2 at a temperature of 1 173 K. The changes in the mass during heating, the rate of the processes, and the reduction degree were mathematically modeled. The activation energy is 74,7 kJ/mol for EAFD: reducing agent 1:1 and increased to 95,2 kJ/mol for the ratio EAFD: reducing agent 1:2,5. Analysis of the reaction kinetics showed that the reduction process was mostly chemical кinetics controlled.

Terminals obtained from spent lead-acid batteries in Mexico contain around 2 wt% Sb. The terminals were melted in an electric furnace and then oxygen was injected at 750 °C with a gas flow rate of 2 L/min to produce high purity Sb2O3. The antimony trioxide obtained was treated with a mixture of Na2CO3-SiC at 1000 °C to obtain metallic antimony. The antimony trioxide was reduced by C present in reagents while silicon and sodium formed a slag phase. The amounts of Sb2O3 and SiC were held constant while the Na2CO3 was evaluated in the range from 30 to 42 wt%. The produced antimony and slag were characterized by the X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS techniques. The addition of 34 wt% Na2CO3 led to the recovery of antimony up to 90.16 wt% (99.57 wt% purity) and the lowest antimony losses in the slag (2 wt%). In addition, the compounds Na2SiO3 and Na2Si2O5 formed in the slag indicated a more stable slag. Na2CO3 contents higher than 38 wt% decreased the antimony recovery since Na2Sb4O7 compound was promoted in the slag. The oxidation and reduction process was modeled in FactSage 7.3 software for a better understanding of the Na2CO3 and SiC additions on the antimony recovery rates and compounds formed in the slag.

In this study, multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were utilized as powerful nanoadsorbants for efficient removal of Omeprazole (OMP) from water samples and comprised with graphite (GR). Effective parameters on removal efficiency including, pH, contact time and ionic strength were optimized by using one factor at a time optimizing method. Results showed that maximum removal of OMP was occurred at pH=5.0 after 30.0 min for both MWCNTs and GR. Kinetic models were employed to investigate the data corresponding to the adsorption of OMP on the surface of MWCNTs and Gr. Results revealed that the pseudo second-order model for adsorption of OMP on the surface of both MWCNTs and GR indicate the high ability of this model for representation of the data. Adsorption equilibrium studies indicated that the Langmuir isotherm efficiently represented both MWCNTs and GR adsorption data. Maximal adsorption capacity for 25.0 mg L-1 of OMP was calculated about 166.706 mg g-1 and 16.321 mg g-1 for MWCNTs and GR, respectively. The thermodynamic of adsorption process was investigated. Results exhibited that adsorption of OMP on the adsorbents is an exothermic process. As a result, this study can be used to remove ibuprofen from hospital and domestic wastewater.

In this study, a rational theoretical expression and effective numerical realization of the hydration temperature evolution of concrete are presented. The proposed novel numerical method is based on the Fourier's law for heat flux, the heat source function which is obtained from the dissolution of cement clinker by the modified Parrot and Killoh model, and also takes into account the Arrhenius equation. Experimental temperature measurements performed on three different specimens under semi-adiabatic and adiabatic conditions are used to validate the proposed model. The results show that the measured semi-adiabatic and adiabatic temperatures of the SCM-blended concrete mixtures are in general agreement with the simulation results. The method proposed in this study can also predict the temperature field of mass concrete, providing guidance for practical engineering.

In this study, nanocomposite materials including multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) were synthesized. The formation of Pt-NPs using green chemistry method and MWCNTs from waste synthetic oil was characterized using TEM, FESEM, AFM, and FTIR techniques. The diameter of prepared Pt-NPs and MWCNTs was in the different ranges of nanometer 26.80–44.66 nm and 56.49–89.38 nm respectively. Raman and EDX techniques were employed to confirm MWCNT-COOPt and MWCNT-Pt formation. ALP dephosphorylates various natural substrates, and high levels of alkaline phosphatase are linked to a variety of diseases, including dynamic bone disease, hepatitis, and prostate cancer. This study aims to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of ALP enzyme in the presence/ or absence of nano materials unlike Pt-NPs. The Vmax value of ALP without NPs was 0.931 × 10-3 mol mL−1 min−1, while in the presence of nanomaterials, the Vmax had values of 1.207 × 10-3, 1.145 × 10-3, 1.249 × 10-3, and 0.975 × 10-3 mol mL−1 min−1, the Km value was decreased with increasing of NPs concentration in the Pt NPs. Km values were 0.118, 0.106, 0.191, and 0.098, and the Vmax/Km ratio were 10.20, 10.74, 6.51, and 9.86 min−1 at 80 mg/mL of MWCNT-Pt, MWCNT-COOPt, MWCNT-COO, and Pt-NPs respectively. The results revealed that the kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km, and Vmax/Km) and thermodynamic parameters (ΔH*, ΔE, ΔS* and ΔG*) were slightly increased as the concentration of MWCNT-based nanomaterials increased. This effect might be due to changes in enzyme configuration following immobilization.

In this study, Box-Behnken design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize As(V) removal from an aqueous solution onto synthesized crosslinked carboxymethylchitosan-epichlorohydrin/Fe3O4 nanaocomposite. The factors like solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature were optimized by the method which shows high correlation coefficient (R2=0.9406), and a predictive quadratic polynomial model equation. The adequacy of the model and parameters were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with their significant factors of Fischer’s F - test (p

The use of new and renewable energy for the application on gas burners is beneficial for the environment. This study aims to determine the effect of excess air during the combustion of producer gas from biomass gasification to release heat used as a fuel gas burner. Simulations are carried out by applying mass and energy balance, showing that an increase in excess air will decrease the non-adiabatic and adiabatic flame temperature. The result showed that an increase in excess of air reduces the amount of heat released to the environment for the same flame temperature. The maximum adiabatic flame temperature is at 1725.430C, while the non-adiabatic ranges from 600 to 8000C. Furthermore, heat is released in the range of 20.1 kW to 28.8 kW, and excess air from 0 to 40%.

Copper is primarily used in many industrial processes, but like many other metals, it suffers from corrosion damage. Polymers are not only one of the effective corrosion inhibitors but also are environmentally friendly agents in doing so. Hence, in this paper, the efficacy of two polyelectrolyte polymers, namely poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM), as corrosion inhibitors for copper in molar nitric acid medium was explored. Chemical, electrochemical, and microscopic tools were employed in this investigation. The weight-loss study revealed that the computed inhibition efficiencies (% IEs) of both PAA and PAM increased with their concentrations but diminished with increasing HNO3 concentration and temperature. The results revealed that, at similar concentrations, the values of % IEs of PAM are slightly higher than those recorded for PAA, where these values at 298 K reached 88% and 84% in the presence of a 250 mg/L of PAM and PAA, respectively. The prominent IE% values for the tested polymers are due to their strong adsorption on the Cu surface and follow the Langmuir adsorption isoform. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were also calculated and discussed. The kinetics of corrosion inhibition by PAA and PAM showed a negative first-order process. The results showed also that the used polymers played as mixed-kind inhibitors with anodic priority. The mechanisms of copper corrosion in nitric acid medium and its inhibition by the tested polymers were discussed. DFT calculations and molecular dynamic (MD) modelling were used to investigate the effect of PAA and PAM molecular configuration on their anti-corrosion behavior. The results indicated that the experimental and computational study are highly consistent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recycling of titanium from titania‐bearing slag is an important part of the circular economy; however, the yield of titania is restricted due to the lack of fundamental thermodynamic data. In the present work, the equilibrium phase relations of MgO–Al2O3–TiO2 system in air at 1600°C have been determined using a high‐temperature equilibration‐quenching technique followed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction. Ti4+ was confirmed as the stable valence of titanium, and the rutile and spinel solid solution phases were detected to be coexisting with pseudobrookite solid solution phase, respectively. The formation principles of pseudobrookite and spinel solid solutions were confirmed in view of the corresponding crystal structure and the composition substitution relationship of the oxides at 1600°C. However, great discrepancies were found from the comparison of the present experimental results with the thermodynamic calculations and the literature results, and the present equilibrium phase relations are therefore significant for updating the present titania related thermodynamic database for a superior prediction of the thermodynamic behaviors of relevant process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we compared the hydride-donating ability of five-membered benzoheterocyclic compounds (FMB) and six-membered benzoheterocyclic compounds (SMB), isomers of DMBI and DMIZ and of DMPZ and DMPX, using detailed thermodynamic driving forces [ΔGo (XH)], kinetic intrinsic barriers (ΔG≠XH/X), and thermo-kinetic parameters [ΔG≠° (XH)]. For DMBI and DMIZ, the values of ΔGo (XH), ΔG≠XH/X, and ΔG≠° (XH) are 49.2 and 53.7 kcal/mol, 35.88 and 42.04 kcal/mol, and 42.54 and 47.87 kcal/mol, respectively. For DMPZ and DMPX, the values of ΔGo (XH), ΔG≠XH/X, and ΔG≠° (XH) are 73.2 and 79.5 kcal/mol, 35.34 and 25.02 kcal/mol, and 54.27 and 52.26 kcal/mol, respectively. It is easy to see that the FMB isomers are thermodynamically dominant and that the SMB isomers are kinetically dominant. Moreover, according to the analysis of ΔG≠° (XH), compared to the SMB isomers, the FMB isomers have a stronger hydride-donating ability in actual chemical reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heparin, usually isolated from porcine intestinal mucosa, is an active pharmaceutical ingredient of great material value. Traditionally, diverse types of commercial resins were employed as an adsorbent for heparin retrieval from biological samples. However, more recent years have encouraged the advent of new cost-effective adsorbents to achieve enhanced heparin retrieval. Inexpensive cationic ammonium-functionalized silica gels, monodispersed with larger surface area, porosity, and higher thermal stability, were chosen to evaluate the heparin recovery yield from porcine intestinal mucosa. We demonstrated that higher positively charged and less bulky quaternary modified silica gel (e.g., QDASi) could adsorb ~28% (14.7 mg g−1) heparin from the real samples. In addition, we also determined suitable surface conditions for the heparin molecule adsorption by mechanistic studies and optimized different variables, such as pH, temperature, etc., to improve the heparin adsorption. This is going to be the first reported study on the usage of quaternary amine-functionalized silica gel for HEP uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rates of corrosion of aluminum and hydrogen gas production in sodium hydroxide solutions without and with the additions of chromate, phosphate, and tungstate anions were examined. Potentiometric, weight loss, thermometric, gasometric, galvanostatic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used. The data show that these anions favored oxide film formation and mitigate hydrogen production. The inhibition efficiency, η, was calculated and found to depend on the anion-type and concentration, as well as, temperature. The inhibition mechanism is assumed to take place through an adsorption process obeying Temkin's isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption process Kads and ΔG°ads are calculated and discussed. The surface examination was investigated using SEM and EDX spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kesterite Cu 2 ZnGeS 4 (CZGS) has recently gained significant interest in the scientific community. In this work, we investigated the thermodynamic and thermoelectric properties of CZGS by employing the first-principals calculation in association with the quasi-harmonic approximation, Boltzmann transport theory, deformation potential theory, and slack model. We obtained a bandgap of 2.05 eV and high carrier mobility. We found that CZGS exhibits adequate thermoelectric properties as a promising material for thermoelectric applications. The calculated Seebeck coefficient at room temperature is 149 µV·K − 1 . We also determined the thermal and electrical conductivity, the power factor, and the figure of merit. In addition, the thermodynamic properties such as Debye temperature, entropy, and constant volume heat capacity are estimated. According to our results, it is concluded that the Slack model fails to provide correct values for lattice thermal conductivity in this material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we prepared Fe74Si11B11Cr2C2 amorphous powder using the water atomization method and used a heat treatment method to simulate its aging behavior, research the effects of those different thermodynamic states on magnetic properties based XRD, DSC, and SQUID. The results indicate that in higher temperature, the exothermic peak gradually decreased from 573.7 (0.1) to 556.2(0.1) °C, and the activation energy of powder gradually decreased from 208 ± 1.3 kJ/mol to 136 ± 3.4 kJ/mol, so the thermal stability is worse. Moreover, Ms and μe of Fe74Si11B11Cr2C2 amorphous powder gradually increased; however, the frequency stability of permeability gradually decreased, and P changed from 0.93 to 3.46%. In addition, the loss rapidly increased with the increase in frequency, and X-ray diffraction was relatively insensitive to the amorphous content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform first-principles calculations of the dynamical and thermodynamic properties of lead chalcogenides PbX (X = S, Se, Te ). Using density functional perturbation theory, we obtain the phonon frequencies and the phonon dispersion curves, as well as corresponding density of states. The calculated phonon frequencies at the Γ, X, and L points of the Brillouin zone show good agreement with the experimental values for most vibration modes. The thermodynamics properties including the phonon contribution to the Helmholtz free energy ΔF, the phonon contribution to the internal energy ΔE, the entropy S, and the constant-volume specific heat Cv are determined within the harmonic approximation based on the calculated phonon dispersion relations. The difference values of H-H298 have been also calculated and compared with the available experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, a novel multigeneration plant driven by the heat energy coming from a nuclear reactor cooling fluid is designed, modeled, and analyzed. The primary aim of this multigeneration system is to generate useful products by using the waste heat of a nuclear reactor. The useful products of the multigeneration plant are electricity, heating, cooling, compressed hydrogen, drying, and freshwater. Then it is targeted to increase the plant's overall effectiveness by integrating sub‐plants. All parameters and thermodynamic balance equations are presented belonging to the multigenerational system and its sub‐parts. For the evaluation of the designed multigeneration system, thermodynamic analysis, including energy and exergy efficiency analyses with parametric analysis, is performed. The reference temperature, the nuclear reactor cooling fluid, and the pinch point temperature of the heat exchanger 1 are selected as parameters. The study's outputs reveal that the highest energy and exergy efficiencies are achieved as 66.69% and 60.82% when nuclear reactor cooling reactor temperature is 1000°C. Based on the performance assessment, the high and low‐pressure turbines could generate 3670 and 3137 kW, respectively, while the ORC turbine produces 9544 kW power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is interested in the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Sr(II) onto polyacrylic acid acrylonitrile talc P(AA-AN)-talc nanocomposite. P(AA-AN)-talc was fabricated using γ-irradiation-initiated polymerization at 50 kGy. Different analytical tools were used to investigate the functional groups, morphology, particle size, and structure of this composite. The ability of P(AA-AN)-talc to capture (Pb2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Zn2+, and Sr2+) as multi-component aqueous solutions was performed by a batch method. Saturation capacity and the effect of (agitating time, pH, initial metal concentrations, and temperature) were investigated. The distribution coefficients at different pHs have order: Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Co2+ > Zn2+ > Sr2+. The saturation capacity decreases by increasing heating temperatures. Reaction kinetic obeys the pseudo-second-order model. Sorption isotherms are more relevant to a Langmuir isotherm, and the monolayer sorption capacity is closed to saturation capacity. Thermodynamic parameters (∆G˚, ∆H˚, and ∆S˚) were endothermic and spontaneous. P(AA-AN)-talc is used for loading and recovery of studied cations in the column system. The study confirms that P(AA-AN)-talc is a promised composite for the sorption of the studied ions from aqueous solutions and should be considered as potential material for decontaminating these ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the potential application of Erwinin sp. in environmental purification. The Pb(II) biosorption was studied by batch method under different external environment (pH value, biosorption time, Erwinin sp. dosage, Pb(II) concentration and temperature). Batch experiments showed that Erwinin sp. could rapidly reach the biosorption equilibrium (90 min) of high capacity of Pb(II) biosorption (71.73 mg/g, T = 303 K) by Langmuir model. The interaction mechanism between Pb(II) and Erwinin sp. was investigated by TEM, XPS and FT-IR. Results of FT-IR and XPS showed that Erwinin sp. were rich in functional groups, which was the main reason for the effective Pb(II) removal. The Pb(II) biosorption was also studied by kinetic model and thermodynamic model. Pb(II) biosorption conforms to pseudo-second-order mode and is a spontaneous endothermic process. According to the above results, Erwinin sp. is a potential biosorbent for the treatment of lead pollution due to its wide source of biosorption materials, large biosorption capacity and high treatment efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ATB0,+ (SLC6A14) is a member of the amino acid transporter branch of the SLC6 family along with GlyT1 (SLC6A9) and GlyT2 (SLC6A5), two glycine-specific transporters coupled to 2:1 and 3:1 Na+:Cl−, respectively. In contrast, ATB0,+ exhibits broad substrate specificity for all neutral and cationic amino acids, and its ionic coupling remains unsettled. Using the reversal potential slope method, we demonstrate a 3:1:1 Na+:Cl−: Gly stoichiometry for ATB0,+ that is consistent with its 2.1 e/Gly charge coupling. Like GlyT2, ATB0,+ behaves as a unidirectional transporter with virtually no glycine efflux at negative potentials after uptake, except by heteroexchange as remarkably shown by leucine activation of NMDARs in Xenopus oocytes coexpressing both membrane proteins. Analysis and computational modeling of the charge movement of ATB0,+ reveal a higher affinity for sodium in the absence of substrate than GlyT2 and a gating mechanism that locks Na+ into the apo-transporter at depolarized potentials. A 3:1 Na+:Cl− stoichiometry justifies the concentrative transport properties of ATB0,+ and explains its trophic role in tumor growth, while rationalizing its phylogenetic proximity to GlyT2 despite their extreme divergence in specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) is a novel and effective material for sterilization, disinfection, and bleaching. However, the utilization of NaDCC has caused several thermal runaway incidents worldwide, raising attention to exploring its unknown thermal hazards. This paper simulated the different incident conditions to conduct a comparative study on the thermal stability and decomposition of NaDCC using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC). The gaseous products of the thermal decomposition of NaDCC were analyzed by a thermogravimetry-mass spectrometer (TG-MS). Several kinetic methods were used to calculate E a of the pyrolysis reaction of NaDCC under different conditions. TMR a d and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) were calculated based on the thermodynamic and kinetic analysis. The results of TMR a d showed that the adiabatic induction period decreased significantly, and the risk of losing control enlarged with increasing temperatures. Meanwhile, by comparing the SADT of NaDCC under several common packaging materials, the chemical plastic drums should be used for packaging materials of NaDCC. The result clarifies the reason for incidents and provides the fundamentals and valuable data for safe preparation, production, transportation, and storage of NaDCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three hair dyes of Arianor madder red 306003 (R), Arian or Straw Yellow 306005 (Y), and Arianor ebony 306020 (E) were removed from an aqueous solution in a batch mode using a powder of oak cupules coated with ZnO (COZ). The COZ-adsorbent material was characterized in terms of XRD, FT-IR, and SEM analysis. The best conditions for the uptake of hair dyes by COZ were investigated. For Y dye, the best uptake was estimated on 0.06 g of COZ at 7.0 pH for 150 min. The E dye uptake requires 120 min on 0.05 g of COZ at 9.0 pH. For E hair dye, kinetic data revealed a pseudo-first-order model for E hair dye and a pseudo-second-order model for R and Y. Equilibrium data exhibited consistency with the Langmuir isotherm model for the adsorption of E dye onto COZ, and the Freundlich isotherm model for the adsorption of R and Y hair dyes onto COZ. Isotherms models of D-R and Temkin were also examined. The thermodynamic parameters (−ve ∆G and +ve ∆H and ∆S) demonstrated that the removal of hair dyes by COZ is spontaneous, endothermic, and feasible. The adsorption capacity of COZ for R, Y, and E uptake was found to be 55.5, 52.6, and 135.1 mg·g−1, respectively. Furthermore, COZ reusability was demonstrated after five cycles of regeneration, with a negligible decline in adsorption extent (13.08%, 13.85, and 10.20% for R, Y, and E, respectively) in comparison to its initial capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modified abandoned fine blue-coke (MAFB) was used to remove phenol from the aqueous solution efficiently. The effects of initial concentration, temperature, pH, and co-existing salt ions of the phenol solution on the adsorption capacity of MAFB for phenol were investigated. The adsorption equilibrium, thermodynamic, kinetic, and adsorbent regeneration were studied simultaneously. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of phenol onto the MAFB was obtained as 151.74 mg g−1 at the initial solution concentration of 1100 mg L−1, the temperature of 328 K, and pH of 4.0–6.5. The salt ions of Na+, Cl−, SO2-4 had little effect on the adsorption capacity. The adsorption isotherm belongs to the L isotherm and the Langmuir model can better describe the adsorption process. Thermodynamics results indicated that the adsorption was entropy increase, spontaneous and endothermic process. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order model. The physical adsorption of π–π dispersion interactions could be used to describe the adsorption mechanism. The 60% regeneration rate of the MAFB was reached by three times alcohol desorption at 323 K for 4 h. Compared with other adsorbents, MAFB has better phenol adsorption performance, which makes it a promising and excellent adsorbent to remove phenol from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products is the property of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study uses a 16‐yr Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Convective Features (CFs) and ERA‐Interim reanalysis data to investigate the relative importance of four large‐scale environmental variables to thunderstorms with random forest models. These four variables include Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), Convective Inhibition (CIN), low‐level wind shear, and warm cloud depth (WCD). First, these selected four environmental variables show a distinguished difference between CFs with and without lightning flashes. Specifically, CFs with at least one flash have higher CAPE, CIN, and lower WCD than those without lightning. Then, using these four variables, the geographical distribution of thunderstorms, especially the land‐ocean contrast in the occurrence of thunderstorms, is closely reproduced with a global random forest model. Such results suggest that a random forest model with key large‐scale environmental variables can be a useful tool to estimate the occurrence of global lightning thunderstorms. The study also investigates the relative importance of the selected variables to the occurrence of thunderstorms regionally. Relatively higher skill scores in the regional random forest model than the global one indicate the variation of roles of large scale environment variables over different regions. Though the data‐driven models can be utilized to estimate the occurrence of global thunderstorms, how to link the regional relative importance of these variable to the physical processes of thunderstorms needs further investigation. Key Points: The geographical distribution of thunderstorms is closely reproduced by a global random forest modelThe regional and global random forest models can be used to investigate the relative importance of different large‐scale variables for thunderstorm over different regionsConvective available potential energy, convective inhibition, and warm cloud depth are confirmed as important variables to parameterize convective intensity at the sub‐grid scale in climate model [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The target of this research was to scrutinize a creeper plant, that is, Combretum indicum as a novel, eco-friendly, easily attainable and low cost biosorbent for the targeted metal ions’ removal. Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions were withdrawn from their aqueous solution by using the biosorbent. The said biomass was studied and characterized in detail via multiple analyzing techniques including scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, thermogravimetry, Brunauer– Emmett–Teller surface analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. After the thorough analysis the optimum dosage of C.I. was found to be 0.5 g for both adsorbates. The optimum time of contact for C.I. was 25 min for Cu(II) and 30 min for Ni(II) metal ions. Optimum pH was found to be acidic. The maximum adsorption capacities for Ni(II) and Cu(II) were found to be 27.8 and 12.1 mg/g, respectively. Equilibrium modeling revealed that experimental data fits best in Freundlich’s isotherm for both metals. The thermodynamic research depicted the process as spontaneously occurring and endothermic. The biosorption of the metal ions was in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this fundamental research would reveal the actual antioxidant ability of the antioxidants using thermo‐kinetic parameter ΔG≠o which was proposed according to Zhu kinetic model. Kinetic experiments on the reactions between Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and NADH analog (BNAH) with DPPH• and tBu3PhO• radicals were made to measure the reaction rate constants in acetonitrile at 298 K. The ΔG≠o (XH) values of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and BNAH in acetonitrile at 298 K were estimated, and the bond dissociation free energies ΔGo (XH) and kinetic intrinsic barriers ΔG≠XH/X of these three antioxidants to release hydrogen atoms were also compared. Only the data of thermo‐kinetic parameters ΔG≠o (XH) are consistent with the true oxidation sequence. The order of the actual antioxidant activity of these three antioxidants is Vitamin C > Vitamin E > NADH. All our preliminary results throw light on the nature of actual antioxidant ability of antioxidants, which not only depend on thermodynamic driving force, but also depend on the dynamic resistance. Therefore, thermo‐kinetic parameter ΔG≠o is the perfect parameter which can be used as measurement criteria of the actual antioxidant ability of antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, KO2 pellets as a solid adsorbent have been evaluated for the CO2 adsorption process. The KO2 pellets with advantages in CO2 uptake, besides O2 production, have been considered as air revitalization components, especially for closed respiratory environments in the infrastructure of life support systems (LSS). A unique set of experimental data of a single adsorption equilibrium of CO2 on KO2 pellet adsorbents at concentrations 8500–9500 mg L−1 (as closed atmosphere with a CO2% high value due to respiratory of human) and temperature 298.15 K is reported. Operating parameters such as temperature and humidity are tested experimentally to check the adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity at a temperature of 20 °C and humidity of 70% was 660 and 620 mg g−1, respectively. The kinetic study showed that the CO2 adsorption data correctly are adjusted by the Rate-controlling model with an R2 value of 0.984. The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as entropy (-0.0277 kJ mol−1 K−1), enthalpy (-12.406 kJ mol−1), and Gibbs free energy changes (-4.136 kJ mol−1) indicate the spontaneous and exothermic of the process. Equilibrium adsorption data were placed in the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherms. Based on the regression coefficient (R2), the Dubinin-Radushkovich model provides a complete fit with the experimental data (R2 = 0.989). The BET-specific surface area of the KO2 pellets before and after the CO2 adsorption process was about 1.26 and 1.19 m2 g−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, detailed comparisons of the driving force in thermodynamics and intrinsic force in the kinetics of 1,2-dihydropyridine and 1,4-dihydropyridine isomers of PNAH, HEH, and PYH in hydride transfer reactions are made. For 1,2-PNAH and 1,4-PNAH, the values of the thermodynamic driving forces, kinetic intrinsic barriers, and thermo-kinetic parameters are 60.50 and 61.90 kcal/mol, 27.92 and 26.34 kcal/mol, and 44.21 and 44.12 kcal/mol, respectively. For 1,2-HEH and 1,4-HEH, the values of the thermodynamic driving forces, kinetic intrinsic barriers, and thermo-kinetic parameters are 63.40 and 65.00 kcal/mol, 31.68 and 34.96 kcal/mol, and 47.54 and 49.98 kcal/mol, respectively. For 1,2-PYH and 1,4-PYH, the order of thermodynamic driving forces, kinetic intrinsic barriers, and thermo-kinetic parameters are 69.90 and 72.60 kcal/mol, 33.06 and 25.74 kcal/mol, and 51.48 and 49.17 kcal/mol, respectively. It is not difficult to find that thermodynamically favorable structures are not necessarily kinetically favorable. In addition, according to the analysis of thermo-kinetic parameters, 1,4-PNAH, 1,2-HEH, and 1,4-PYH have a strong hydride-donating ability in actual chemical reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient treatment of cobalt ions from mining wastewater and effluents from nuclear facilities is critical for environmental protection. A zeolite imidazole frameworks (ZIFs), which belong to a metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), was successfully synthesized and functionalized with sulfonamide to obtain a ZIF-90-SO2HN2 with high-efficiency adsorption of cobalt ions. The synthesized material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption performance of ZIF-90-SO2HN2 for Co(II) in simulated wastewater was studied. The synthesized ZIF-90-SO2HN2 has a maximum adsorption capacity of about 122.85 mg g−1 for Co(II) under the conditions of pH = 6.72 and T = 303 K with an initial solution concentration of 250 mg L−1. The adsorption equilibrium time is about 120 min. ZIF-90-SO2HN2 exhibits selective adsorption of Co(II) and Ni(II) in multi-metal ion solution. Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis reflects that the adsorption process of Co(II) by ZIF-90-SO2HN2 is spontaneous and endothermic, which is consistent with pseudo-second-order chemisorption and Langmuir monolayer adsorption.Please check and confirm whether the inserted affiliation details are correct.yesKindly check and confirm whether the corresponding author is correctly processed and also confirm mail id inserted is correct.yes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review considers the topological fermion condensation quantum phase transition (FCQPT) that leads to flat bands and allows the elucidation of the special behavior of heavy-fermion (HF) metals that is not exhibited by common metals described within the framework of the Landau Fermi liquid (LFL) theory. We bring together theoretical consideration within the framework of the fermion condensation theory based on the FCQPT with experimental data collected on HF metals. We show that very different HF metals demonstrate universal behavior induced by the FCQPT and demonstrate that Fermi systems near the FCQPT are controlled by the Fermi quasiparticles with the effective mass M * strongly depending on temperature T, magnetic field B, pressure P, etc. Within the framework of our analysis, the experimental data regarding the thermodynamic, transport and relaxation properties of HF metal are naturally described. Based on the theory, we explain a number of experimental data and show that the considered HF metals exhibit peculiar properties such as: (1) the universal T / B scaling behavior; (2) the linear dependence of the resistivity on T, ρ (T) ∝ A 1 T (with A 1 is a temperature-independent coefficient), and the negative magnetoresistance; (3) asymmetrical dependence of the tunneling differential conductivity (resistivity) on the bias voltage; (4) in the case of a flat band, the superconducting critical temperature T c ∝ g with g being the coupling constant, while the M * becomes finite; (5) we show that the so called Planckian limit exhibited by HF metals with ρ (T) ∝ T is defined by the presence of flat bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)