Search

Strategies for management of pre-diabetes within the community setting are needed. An adaptation of the successful Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention delivered by trained diabetes educators was evaluated. Results indicate that trained diabetes educators offer an important community resource for health care providers for their patients with pre-diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This pilot project evaluated the Group Lifestyle Balance program (GLB), an adaptation of the DPP lifestyle intervention, delivered via DVD with remote participant support provided by the University of Pittsburgh Diabetes Prevention Support Center. Results suggest that GLB-DVD with remote support may provide an effective alternative for GLB delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It is unclear how lipids change in response to lifestyle modification or metformin among postmenopausal glucose intolerant women using and not using hormone therapy (HT). We examined the one-year changes in lipids among postmenopausal, prediabetic women in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), and whether changes were mediated by sex hormones., Materials/methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of 342 women who used HT at baseline and year 1 and 382 women who did not use HT at either time point. Interventions included intensive lifestyle (ILS) with goals of weight reduction of at least 7% of initial weight and 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise, or metformin or placebo administered 850 mg up to twice a day. Women were not randomized to HT. Main outcome measures were changes between baseline and study year 1 in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides., Results: Compared to placebo, both ILS and metformin significantly reduced LDL-C and raised HDL-C among HT users, changes partially explained by change in estradiol and testosterone but independent of changes in waist circumference and 1/fasting insulin. In contrast, DPP interventions had no effect on LDL-C and HDL-C among non-HT users. ILS significantly lowered triglycerides among non-users but did not significantly change triglycerides among HT users. Metformin did not significantly change triglycerides among non-users but increased triglycerides among HT users., Conclusions: The beneficial effects of ILS and metformin on lowering LDL-C and raising HDL-C differ depending upon concurrent HT use., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Coronary flow reserve (CFR) provides independent prognostic information in diabetic patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. However, there have been no substantial data to evaluate CFR in prediabetics. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate CFR in subjects with prediabetes using second harmonic transthoracic Doppler echocardiography., Methods and Results: We measured CFR of 65 subjects with prediabetes, 45 patients with overt type 2 diabetes, and 43 sex and age matched normoglycemic healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Ages, gender, existence of hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, smoking status were similar among the groups. CFR was significantly lower in diabetics (2.15 ± 0.39) than in prediabetics (2.39 ± 0.45) and controls (2.75 ± 0.35); in addition, it was significantly lower in prediabetics than controls. Only 2 (5%) of control subjects had abnormal CFR (<2) but 11 (17%) prediabetic subjects and 19 (42%) diabetic patients had abnormal CFR. We found that only age (β=-0.31, P<0.01) and presence of the diabetes (β=-0.57, P<0.01) were significant predictors of lower CFR in a multivariable model that adjusted for other variables. CFR was significantly and inversely correlated with age (r=-0.15, P=0.04), fasting glucose level (r=-0.27, P=0.001), postprandial glucose level (r=0.43, P<0.001), hemoglobin A1C level (r=-0.34, P<0.001), LDL cholesterol level (r=0.22, P=0.009), mitral A velocity (r=-0.27, P=0.001) and Tei index (r=-0.19, P=0.02), whereas mitral E/A ratio, mitral Em (r=0.18, P=0.02), mitral Em/Am ratio (r=0.23, P=0.004) were significantly and positively correlated with CFR., Conclusion: CFR is impaired in subjects with prediabetics, but this impairment is not as severe as that in diabetics., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To assess associations and genotype × treatment interactions for melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) locus variants and obesity-related traits. Design and Methods Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participants (N=3,819, of whom 3,356 were genotyped for baseline and 3,234 for longitudinal analyses) were randomized into intensive lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, weight loss), metformin or placebo control. Adiposity was assessed in a subgroup (n=909) using computed tomography. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and treatment. Results: The rs1943218 minor allele was nominally associated with short-term (6 month; P=0.032) and long-term (2 year; P=0.038) weight change. Eight SNPs modified response to treatment on short-term (rs17066856, rs9966412, rs17066859, rs8091237, rs17066866, rs7240064) or long-term (rs12970134, rs17066866) reduction in body weight, or diabetes incidence (rs17066829) (all Pinteraction <0.05). Conclusion: This is the first study to comprehensively assess the role of MC4R variants and weight regulation in a weight loss intervention trial. One MC4R variant was directly associated with obesity-related traits or diabetes; numerous other variants appear to influence body weight and diabetes risk by modifying the protective effects of the DPP interventions.