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Hair in good condition is like someone in good health — instantly recognisable. Just as a very fit person has more zest for life than most of the rest of us, so has hair in peak condition got that extra bounce and vitality that makes it stand out in a crowd, and easy to manage. But like everything worthwhile, it has to be worked for.

The purpose of this book is to be encouraging. It is largely addressed to those many clinicians in the field of child mental health who have often been tempted to explore a problem that interested them but have felt some diffidence about doing so because of a lack of research knowledge and training. Now it is true that research, like any other academic pursuit, benefits from training in methodology, but what becomes apparent on the reading of the different contributions to this volume is the self-made quality of the investigators. They have all carried out research not because they were trained to do research but because something within them that one can only nebulously term an attitude of mind compelled them to this activity. Technical proficiency can be acquired on the job and competence tends to increase with experience. The research attitude, however, is more difficult to acquire in its absence since its origins are often lost in the earliest years of life. It undoubtedly begins in wonder at the nature of things and with the wish to discover how they work. Anyone who has watched a year-old infant at work investigating the world around him will appreciate the zest and persistence with which it is done. Piaget (1952) has painted a vivid developmental portrait of the stage-5 baby during the sensorimotor period “discovering new means through active experimentation,” and one can glimpse the once and future researcher in the making if the environment proves to be facilitating: Observation 1 for 2. —At 0; Laurent examines a watch chain hanging from his index finger. At first he touches it very lightly simply “exploring” it without grasping it. He then starts it swinging a little and at once continues this thus rediscovering a “derived secondary reaction.” But instead of stopping there, he grasps the chain with his right hand and swings it with his left while trying some new combinations (here the “tertiary reaction” begins); in particular he slides it along the back of his left hand and sees it fall off when it reaches the end. Then he holds the end of the chain (with his right index finger and thumb) and lets it slide slowly between the fingers of his left hand (the chain is now horizontal and no longer oblique as before). He studies it carefully at the moment when the chain falls from his left hand and repeats this ten times. Afterward, still holding the end of the chain in his right hand, he shakes it violently which makes it describe a series of varied trajectories in the air. He then shows these movements in order to see how the chain slides along the quilt when he merely pulls it. Finally he drops it from different heights and so rediscovers the schema acquired in the preceding observation. From his twelfth month Laurent repeated these kinds of experiments with everything that his hand came upon. He entertains himself either by making them slide or fall or by letting them go in different positions and from different heights in order to study their trajectory [p. 269].

Shortly after my return from Moscow I met W. B. Yeats, and began a friendship which Edmund Dulac, and probably other people, considered a little odd, in view of the wide disparity in our ideas, Yeats with his innate mysticism, and I with my then inveterate materialism, but which not only survived but strengthened with the years. But Yeats, full of Burgundy and racy reminiscence was Yeats released from the Celtic Twilight and treading the antic hay with abundant zest. In the latter years of his life because of his health he took only a little white wine and weak whisky and was less racy, but his tremendous Irish wit remained unimpaired.

Like goodness, truth, and other human ideals, successful aging may appeal more than it illuminates. It is an image that attracts human interest but defies easy or consensual definition. As growing numbers of people anticipate a long old age, the meaning of successful aging takes on even greater importance. Formulations of the concept become standards by which individuals evaluate themselves and others, as well as visions toward which to strive. In attempting to advance understanding of how these years might be fully experienced, this article examines previous perspectives on successful aging and presents a new alternative. The aim is to illustrate how a developmental orientation adds new challenges and dimensions to the task of growing old successfully. Previous Approaches to Successful Aging Four dimensions of successful aging were proposed in the Kansas City Studies of Adult Life: the amount of activity in which the individual engaged, the ability to disengage, satisfaction with life, and maturity or integration of personality. Williams and Wirths (1965) later derived two additional views of successful aging: a balanced exchange of energy between the individual and the social system, and a stable social system. Of these various formulations, life satisfaction became the most frequently investigated dimension of successful aging. Life satisfaction included the components of zest versus apathy, resolution and fortitude, relationships between desired goals and achieved goals, self-concept, and mood tone (Neugarten, Havighurst, & Tobin, 1961). A vast body of gerontological research was generated by this early formulation, so much so that life satisfaction has been described as the most widely studied variable in the field of aging (Maddox & Wiley, 1976). The abundance of empirical work elaborated and differentiated the concept of life satisfaction far beyond its initial definition. Thus, in addition to the original dimensions, successful aging

Once upon a time there was a giant, a giant in every respect: with an impressive stature, a force of character, infinite generosity of heart, and a noble spirit. He was broad-minded and a courageous humanist. His dynamism and zest were irresistible. He was highly talented, even a genius. Such was the person we knew and loved: Milan Hasek. Oaks are normally not felled, but, alas, he was.

The death of Kitamura Tōkoku marked an end to the period which for the purposes of this volume has been referred to as Meiji Japan, the hopeful period when ‘intellectuals in general had a high sense of national purpose, of obligation, of responsibility, and when there was a keenness, an enthusiasm, a zest for the adventure of modernisation, which made the intellectual a firmly wedded member of the leadership stratum’.1Tōkoku’s death symbolised the failure of the intellectual to participate in and influence the course of his nation’s history in the spirit of Western democratic liberalism.

In this chapter the question is: Do persons experience the primary emotion, zest-mastery? I shall approach the answer by indicating difficulties with concepts that contribute to my view. My reader is already familiar with my complaint that the will to live becomes an omnibus concept into which too many varied meanings are crammed. Moreover, when we read the statement, “Man is governed by the will to live,” close inspection usually shows that some quality of living is actually intended.

In 1918 The Great War was over, but the scars were to remain for a long time, especially in Europe. Although Anglo-American links were strengthened, the scientific communications with Europe and within Europe had been interrupted. Their restitution took several years, and the economic and political upheavals on the continent of Europe made a return to the pre-war level of zest and high standard of research and teaching difficult. Personal friendships across the frontiers had been severed; the feeling of bitterness and animosity had not escaped the scientific field. Sir Edward Schaefer, an upright and kindhearted man, found it necessary to change his name by adding that of his teacher and predecessor in the chair of physiology, Sharpey, to his own, in order to dissociate himself clearly from the war-oriented direction which Central-European science had taken. The autumn issue of the Journal of the History of Biology for 1976 is largely taken up with the development of Endocrinology during that period, and in “A brief introduction” of that “special section of endocrinology”, Professor Diane Long Hall and Dr. Thomas F. Glick discuss the interesting papers presented, which “indicate the extent to which the history of this complex field may be used to throw light on the intellectual and social history of the twentieth century”1.

The psychology of religion is no longer a new field of research. Within the last two decades, it has been pursued from various points of approach, and no one who has followed its development can question its contribution to the clearer understanding and deeper appreciation of religion in its relation to the whole mental life. During these, years both psychology and religion have been subjected to new scrutiny; a psychological method of dealing with religion has added zest in both fields of inquiry, and has produced interesting and stimulating results. These researches and their results have been of great practical value, especially in the province of child and adolescent religion. But comparatively little has been done in the way of a scientific analysis and an attempted explanation of the special and higher forms of religious experience, as exhibited by the prophet or the mystic. The literature in this field is still scanty. Professor Ames' in his recent volume devotes a chapter to the psychology of religious genius. A. B. Davidson2 has dealt specifically, though briefly, with some of the phases of this topic. George Adam Smith3 in his commentaries on the prophets drops interesting hints of the possibilities in this line of research. Two more recent small volumes by Kaplan4 and Joyces show the tendency of the times. These books are in the nature of essays on the subject of prophetic psychology, rather than systematic and exhaustive treatments. Among the Germans even less has been done from the truly psychological point of approach. Giesebrecht6 and Kurtz7 have

The very admirable "Contribution to the Study of Excisions of the Large Joints" read by Dr. John Ashhurst, Jr., on the first day of the recent meeting of the American Surgical Association in Washington, D. C, and the interesting discussion of its various points, participated in by the many distinguished members of the profession, including the great men who were present from abroad, have given fresh zest and interest to the whole subject. In his paper Dr. Ashhurst confined himself, "particularly to the operative method, the after-treatment, and the functional value and limitation of applicability of excision in the case of each articulation." Drs. Lewis A. Sayre, of New York, R. A. Kinlock, of Charleston, S. C, T. F. Prewitt, of St. Louis, Mo., F. S. Dennis, of New York. Frederick Lange, of New York, John E. Owens, of Chicago, and Sir William MacCormac, of London, are mentioned as taking

Character strengths have been found to be substantially related to children’s and adolescents’ well-being. Initial evidence suggests that they also matter for school success (e.g., Weber and Ruch, 2012). The present set of two studies aimed at replicating and extending these findings in two different age groups, primary school students (N = 179; mean age = 11.6 years) and secondary school students (N = 199; mean age = 14.4 years). The students completed the VIA-Youth, a self-report measure of the 24 character strengths in the VIA classification. Their teachers rated the students’ positive behavior in the classroom. Additionally, school achievement was assessed: For the primary school students (Study 1), teachers rated the students’ overall school achievement and for the secondary school students (Study 2), we used their grades as a measure of school achievement. We found that several character strengths were associated with both positive classroom behavior and school achievement. Across both samples school achievement was correlated with love of learning, perseverance, zest, gratitude, hope, and perspective. The strongest correlations with positive classroom behavior were found for perseverance, self-regulation, prudence, social intelligence, and hope. For both samples, there were indirect effects of most of the character strengths on school achievement through teacher-rated positive classroom behavior. The converging findings from the two samples support the notion that character strengths contribute to positive classroom behavior, which in turn enhances school achievement. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for future research and for school interventions based on character strengths.

Positive psychology deals with factors that make life most worth living and focuses on enhancing individual potentials. Particularly, character strengths can positively contribute to well-being and work-related health, bearing a promising potential for professions, such as physicians, who are at risk for burnout or mental illnesses. This study aims to identify beneficial character strengths by examining the quantitative and qualitative data. In a cross-sectional multi-method study, 218 hospital physicians completed an online survey assessing their character strengths and their general and work-related well-being, comprising thriving, work engagement, and burnout dimensions (outcome variables). Quantitative data were analyzed for the total sample and by tertiary split. Additionally, interview-gathered opinions of four resident physicians and four medical specialist educators were collected to expand the perspective on which character strengths might be beneficial for the well-being of the resident physicians. The highest significant correlations between character strengths and outcome variables were found forhopeand thriving (r= 0.67),zest, and work engagement (r= 0.67) as well as emotional exhaustion (r= −0.47),perseverance/leadershipand depersonalization (r= −0.27),bravery, and reduced personal accomplishment (r= −0.39). Tertiary splits revealed that some correlations were not consistent across the entire scale continuum, for example,creativitywas only significantly correlated with comparatively high levels of thriving (r= 0.28) orforgivenesswith comparatively high levels of depersonalization (r= −0.34).Humility, social intelligence, andteamworkshowed predominantly low correlations with all outcome variables (r= −0.17 − 0.34), althoughhumilitywas stated by all interviewed medical specialist educators to be the most relevant for the well-being at work, and the latter two by three resident physicians, respectively. Different perspectives resulting from quantitative and qualitative data in terms of beneficial character strengths for work-related well-being may be driven by different work experiences, professional understandings, generational beliefs, or social expectations. Some significant correlations between character strengths and well-being outcomes varied depending on low, medium, or high outcomes. This raises questions about suitable work-related well-being interventions, as simple single intervention approaches (one intervention fits all) may not work for the respective outcome levels. These new findings warrant further research on how to foster the well-being of resident physicians at work.

Background HIV testing and knowledge of status are starting points for HIV treatment and prevention interventions. Among female sex workers (FSWs), HIV testing and status knowledge remain far from universal. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an alternative to existing testing services for FSWs, but little evidence exists how it can be effectively and safely implemented. Here, we describe the rationale and design of a cluster randomised trial designed to inform implementation and scale-up of HIVST programmes for FSWs in Zambia. Methods The Zambian Peer Educators for HIV Self-Testing (ZEST) study is a 3-arm cluster randomised trial taking place in 3 towns in Zambia. Participants (N=900) are eligible if they are women who have exchanged sex for money or goods in the previous 1 month, are HIV negative or status unknown, have not tested for HIV in the previous 3 months, and are at least 18 years old. Participants are recruited by peer educators working in their communities. Participants are randomised to 1 of 3 arms: (1) direct distribution (in which they receive an HIVST from the peer educator directly); (2) fixed distribution (in which they receive a coupon with which to collect the HIVST from a drug store or health post) or (3) standard of care (referral to existing HIV testing services only, without any offer of HIVST). Participants are followed at 1 and 4 months following distribution of the first HIVST. The primary end point is HIV testing in the past month measured at the 1-month and 4-month visits. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, USA and ERES Converge in Lusaka, Zambia. The findings of this trial will be presented at local, regional and international meetings and submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. Trial registration number Pre-results; NCT02827240.

Research has shown that character strengths are positively linked with well-being in general. However, there has not been a fine-grained analysis up to date. This study examines the individual relational aspects between the 24 character strengths, subjective well-being (SWB), and different aspects of psychological well-being (PWB) at two times of measurement (N=117). Results showed that overall the “good character” was significantly stronger related with PWB than with SWB. The character strength “hope” was at least moderately correlated with the PWB aspects meaning, optimism and autonomy, and “zest” with the PWB aspects relationships and engagement. “Persistence” showed the highest correlation with the PWB aspect mastery. Out of the 24 character strengths, the happiness-related strengths (hope, zest, gratitude, curiosity, and love) were more likely to correlate with PWB and SWB than any other character strength. This study offers a more fine-grained and thorough understanding of specific relational aspects between the 24 character strengths and a broad range of well-being aspects. Future studies should take up a detailed strategy when exploring relationships between character strengths and well-being.

It has been strongly argued (McMullan and Long 1987; Birch 2004) that the university business school is a poor location ('the wrong building') for entrepreneurship education. Yet business schools house the vast majority of the world’s rapidly increasing stock of entrepreneurship courses and programs (Vesper and Gartner 2001). This business school–entrepreneurship education paradox is actually only a subset of seven larger, interrelated problems. Can entrepreneurship be taught at all? If entrepreneurship can be taught, is the university an appropriate place to offer this teaching? If the university is an appropriate place to teach entrepreneurship but the business school is the wrong place within the university to house these studies, where should they go? Who should teach entrepreneurship? Who should learn? How should entrepreneurship be taught? Finally, ‘what should be taught?’ Much of the rapidly proliferating literature of entrepreneurship education eschews generic discussion of fundamental educational questions in favor of specific debate about curriculum detail. A.N. Whitehead argued that the justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest for life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. Arguing from acceptance of this educational philosophy of A.N. Whitehead (1929/1967; 1933; 1936) – a philosophy of vocational transcendence – this essay provides a critical examination of the seven fundamental questions. A philosophical template for flexible curriculum design is developed and results in a positive prognosis for entrepreneurship education at university based on a variant of the ancient theme of a passionate teacher addressing students with open minds. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------If you want to encourage entrepreneurship, it should be through some kind of apprenticeship. That would be a wonderful experience. (David Birch inAronsson 2004: 96) The way in which a university should function in the preparation for an intellectual career, such as modern business or one of the older professions, is by promoting the imaginative consideration of the various general principles underlying that career. Its students thus pass into their

We study the problem of recognizing visual entities from the textual descriptions of their classes. Specifically, given birds' images with free-text descriptions of their species, we learn to classify images of previously-unseen species based on specie descriptions. This setup has been studied in the vision community under the name zero-shot learning from text, focusing on learning to transfer knowledge about visual aspects of birds from seen classes to previously-unseen ones. Here, we suggest focusing on the textual description and distilling from the description the most relevant information to effectively match visual features to the parts of the text that discuss them. Specifically, (1) we propose to leverage the similarity between species, reflected in the similarity between text descriptions of the species. (2) we derive visual summaries of the texts, i.e., extractive summaries that focus on the visual features that tend to be reflected in images. We propose a simple attention-based model augmented with the similarity and visual summaries components. Our empirical results consistently and significantly outperform the state-of-the-art on the largest benchmarks for text-based zero-shot learning, illustrating the critical importance of texts for zero-shot image-recognition., Comment: 11 pages, Findings of EMNLP 2020

To read "Organic Chemistry: The Name Game" is to share in the exuberance of two chemists for the words of chemistry, for words in general, and for a science that ceaselessly gives birth to new ones. "Come and join the festival," the authors seem to imply, and it is hard to resist. Off they take us on a joyous romp through organic chemistry (not too strictly defined) to see what has been going on, who has been making it go, and what made them do it. The journey is always entertaining, often it is sheer fun, and every turn of a page exposes something new and painlessly informative. The language of a vigorous science such as organic chemistry is a living, growing thing, as this book so happily demonstrates. By what means does the language grow? There seem to be three main ones: coining of new words by practitioners, often in a euphoric paroxysm at ...

He lived all of life with that same degree of zest and total dedication. The monumental contributions of this brilliant young internist/radiologist to the field of vascular surgery were appropriately recognized by his election to membership in the North American Chapter of the International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery in 1982. His untimely death deprives all of medicine of an untold number of advances that his genius would have created. The Gruentzig legacy is great, however, and the opportunity to build on his foundation, challenging.

Summary In overdenture therapy using attachments, nearperfect alignment is mandatory for the success of the procedure. A good example of failure due to misalignment is seen in Fig. 5. This resulted in the eventual breakdown of the periodontium and the extraction of the root remnant upon removal of the denture. The application of semiprecision attachments in overdenture therapy may greatly enhance the success of the denture. However, care must be taken to adhere to the principles and philosophies of complete denture therapy.

THOSE who enjoyed Hardy's friendship, and even those who could hope for no more than occasional contact with him, will deeply feel the loss of a strong and vital personality radiating an influence which stimulated effort, cured discouragement and could reawaken flagging enthusiasms. Hardy entered into everything he did with zest, and this seems to be the word which adequately describes his own attitude to life. He met each successive experience with fresh interest, and brought his whole nature to the appreciation of whatever it offered of value. His enjoyment of intellectual pleasures was itself almost sensuous, while his delight in the beauties of Nature, or in the appeal of fine pictures and music, was always mingled with—and, for him, intensified by—the intellectual reactions they evoked. Life's minor pleasures appealed to him and he loved a good wine, and a good story, in the telling or the hear-ing, and he enjoyed both best in good company.

Over a relatively short period of time Bruce Heezen made significant, imaginative and timely contributions to our understanding of the processes that govern the origin and evolution of oceanic crust in space and time. It is certainly fitting that someone of Heezen's stature be honored by a memorial volume and the collection of papers in The Ocean Floor were gathered together for this purpose. Bruce was a gifted scientist with a wide-ranging appetite for all facets of earth science, and in this respect he would have appreciated the pot pourri of marine geological topics covered in the book (e.g., continental margin investigations, sedimentological processes, plate tectonic models). Unfortunately, the book does not have an overall impact that measures up to the man that it commemorates. Too many of the papers read as if the authors, after having agreed to contribute to the volume, reached deep into their files to dredge up a neglected manuscript on one subject or another. As a consequence, many of the papers lack zest and fail to stimulate interest beyond their narrowly focused themes.

Approximately one year ago we wrote that there was no current or impending physician glut and that the entire alleged problem of physician overabundance or underabundance was simply one of massive maldistribution on a neighborhood, city, state, regional, national, or continental basis. 1 We documented that there was a giant imbalance in the doctor import-export ratios and that our country's 50:1 positive balance of trade of doctors was embarrassing. We suggested that an appropriate role for a developed country to play in 1984 was to export physicians to a world in need. 2 The response was overwhelming. We obviously struck a very responsive cord among many physicians whose zest for doing interesting and exciting things or whose penchant for altruism was ripe. Many of you wrote us and asked what you could do and where you could go. But we didn't know, except in very general ways. So we set

In November 1976, I was privileged to spend ten days in Hanoi and nearby provinces as a guest of the Women's Union of Vietnam. It was an inspiring, heart-warming experience. Everywhere I went—factories, hospitals, museums, villages, and agricultural cooperatives—I was struck by the dedication and sense of purpose among the people, their superb organization, their deep love of their country, their care for each other and for their natural surroundings, their zest for life and sense of fun, their optimism and their gentleness. Everywhere I found amazing progress being made in postwar reconstruction and in the new expansion of industry, agriculture, building, transport, and cultural activities. Two events in particular were being anticipated with great excitement: the rebuilding of the railway from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), which was finally completed on December 6th, and the Fourth Congress of the Vietnam Workers' Party, which took place in Hanoi between December 10th and 20th.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

Anyone privileged to have known J. J. Gibson, even slightly, will recall the excitement of being with him. Perhaps it came from his delight in odd views you might present to him; or from his zest for discovery; or from his freedom, on reaching new conclusions, to abandon his older ones. All these engaging traits have intellectual equivalents in his theory of perception and receive a final summation in his last book. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (1979) [1] opens with an outline of his trajectory from The Perception of the Visual World (1950) [2]-'my explanation of vision was then based on the retinal image' [ 1, p. 1]-through his formulation of the ecological approach 'based on what I call the ambient optic array' [1, p. 1] in The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems (1966) [3], to its refinement here. The ecological approach presents a world inhabited by observers. It is ordered, hierarchical: a set of. 'nestings', but the units are determined by the needs and interests of the observer, not, as in physical science, objectively established. The life of the observer, his moving and exploring, goes on in a medium that 'affords' this activity, not on a rigid grid of space-time coordinates. The time element is fundamental to this environment and must never be ignored, if we would understand it. 'Actually [he claims], it is a new approach to the whole field of psychology, for it involves rejecting the stimulus-response formula . . . What psychology needs is the kind of thinking that is beginning to be attempted in what is loosely called systems theory' [1, p. 2]. The import of his formulation is vast. It challenges behaviorism and the more sophisticated arguments of cognitive psychology and parallels recent explorations in the philosophy of mind, for instance, in the work of Hilary Putnam. (Gibson asks: 'Why must we seek explanation in either Body or Mind? It is a false dichotomy' [1, p. xiii].) In the last section of his book Gibson considers forms of vision uniquely human: how we see pictures. They are not made to help us move around in the real world. A picture is a record: it 'preserves what its creator has noticed and considers worth noticing' [1, p. 274]. It offers a two-fold apprehension: the perception of a real object (the actual picture surface) and the apprehension of a virtual object (whatever is represented). Motion pictures do this too, but they also come close to natural vision, for they suggest a moving observer-the moving camera. This affinity triggers Gibson's excitement with film as a medium, exceptional among psychologists. 'Filmmakers understand me much better than most people', he would say; and, indeed, those psychologists who have studied film in recent years have been mostly psychoanalysts. Gibson's is an enthusiasm for the sheer visual kinesthesis produced by movies 'the progressive picture', he calls them, protesting against any pat view of film as a sequence of retinal snapshots. In the terms of ecological optics, 'The progressive picture displays transformations and magnifications and nullifications and substitutions of structure along with deletions and accretions and slippage of texture. These are the "motions" of the motion picture' [4].

Most colourful, most extraordinary and most expensive of all the world's aromatic spices — that is saffron.

Professor Beardsley's paper is distinguished by his customary clarity. Many of the distinctions he draws will undoubtedly be useful not only for dance theoreticians, but for dance critics as well. Nevertheless, the way that these distinctions are placed in the service of a putative characterization of what constitutes a dance “moving” seems to us problematic. This brief note will be devoted to exploring the adequacy of Professor Beardsley's proposal.Beardsley appears to conclude his paper by stating a condition requisite for a motion to be counted as a dance “moving.” He writes,If, in other words, there is more zest, vigor, fluency, expansiveness, or stateliness than appears necessary for its practical purposes, there is an overflow or superfluity of expressiveness to mark it as belonging to its own domain of dance.We interpret Beardsley's basic point here as the claim that a superfluity of expressiveness (above the requirements of practical exigencies) is a defining feature of a dance “moving.” However, in our opinion, this attribute represents neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition of dance.

NEARLY A HALF-CENTURY AGO, WHEN HE WAS A GRADUATE STUDENT, Daniel Bell described himself as a specialist in generalizations. That has been his strength and his weakness ever since. At his best he illuminates broad social and cultural developments with zest and insight matched by few academics. At his worst he flits from one topic, one discipline, or one century to another with heedless abandon-an anarchic, academic Godard. Laurence Veysey goes to the heart of Bell's deficiency when he remarks that for Bell "too many things turn out to be primary." Bell specializes not only in generalizations, but in breathless generalizations wrapped in eye-opening, conceptual packages. These are powerful devices for seizing intellectual and ideological turf, but under examination they start to crumble. ' The titles of his major books, which are invariably collections of essays or reworked position papers, consistently perform that function. (As Peter Steinfels put it, Bell "does not write books. He produces large thoughts which eventually fill books.") His titles are purposeful overstatements which he later follows up with alternately self-righteous or self-deprecating disavowals. The End of Ideology, he later reported, had not meant to imply that ideology had ended, only that "the old ideologies" of the Left were "exhausted." The Coming of Post-Industrial Society had not meant to suggest that postindustrial society was coming, since "strictly speaking" there could never be a postindustrial society-only a postindustrial "principle" in one segment or "dimension" of society. If things have not ended or come as announced, we may anticipate a further disclaimer in the near future: in The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism he did not mean to say that the "culture" of capitalism contained contradictions, but that ad

Richard P Feynman 1985 London: Norton 350 pp price £14.50 ISBN 0 393 01921 7 This is a racy, refreshing and, at times, outrageous collection of reminiscences by one of the world's greatest physicists, Nobel prizewinner Richard Feynman. A gifted storyteller, he shares with us his huge zest for furiously 'figuring things out'.

In many respects, testimonial privileges in conflict of laws provide an ideal topic for discussion. The major privileges are not great in number. The same can be said of the policies that are responsible for the acceptance or rejection of these privileges although the particular local rules relating to them differ quite widely in detail from state to state. Also, at least in the usual case, only a relatively few states will have an interest in the decision of an issue of privilege. In short, testimonial privileges come as close as may be possible to providing laboratory conditions for the construction of choice-of-law rules or a choice-of-law approach.1 To be sure, the relevant cases are relatively sparse and not particularly helpful in their reasoning. But this fact adds to the zest of the task and, quite possibly, to the feasibility of setting forth the directions in which it is believed the courts should go. We believe that our general approach has validity for the field of choice of law in general. We hope that our contribution will mark a step, albeit a small one, along the path that David Cavers has so brilliantly charted. The privileges with which we will deal are those concerned with confidential communications. Prominent among those excluded from our study is the privilege against self-incrimination, which is honored in all states and whose

THE British Council has done well to add this pamphlet to its “Science in Britain” series. Nobody else now alive could have written it with quite the same zest as Sir Lawrence Bragg: he has produced an essay in close accord with his title, the “History of X-Ray Analysis” ; and that is what is wanted. The Histroy of X-Ray Analysis By Sir Lawrence Bragg. (Science in Britain Series; Published for the British Council.) Pp. iv + 24 + 4 plates. (London, New York and Toronto: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd., 1943.) 1s. net.

SOME little time ago, seeking refreshment in a wayside tavern, I heard a man give an order in a most implacable manner, for a “half pint of bitter and in a dry glass if you don't mind”. With great zest and concentrated attention this connoisseur drank his ale and departed, leaving me free to question the landlady on the merits of a dry glass. She explained that some people asked for a dry glass because they liked a head on their beer, and on occasion when Bass's, Guinness's, and the like were a bit fiery, they were compelled to wet the glasses to keep them down.

Ours is a time of intense self-doubt, corroding confidence and crippling resolve; a time of troubled present and ominous future; a time of strange clouds and sudden shadows seen in a fading light with cracking nerve. And hence it is not surprising that so great a triumph as man's discovery of the molecular basis of inheritance should provoke fear instead of joy, breed suspicion instead of zest, and spawn the troubled anguish of indecision instead of the proud relief of understanding.

Surgery involves many controversial subjects which add interest to medical discussions and zest to meetings whenever doctors get together. Spinal anesthesia is a recent example, for no method has had stronger partisans ready to defend, on the one hand, or to condemn, on the other. As has been the case with most surgeons, we have been greatly interested in the question of the relative merits of this anesthetic and anxious to know the truth of the matter. On finding recently that sufficient material from which to draw conclusions had accumulated in our own clinic, we attempted to determine the nature of our own results. With no analysis having been made at the time and, therefore, without bias, we offered to read a paper entitled "The Relative Merits of Spinal and Ether Anesthesia" before this section and so, with an open mind and with no attempt at prophesying what our conclusions

There are various ways of conducting one's life. Thoreau, you remember, declared that "most men lead lives of quiet desperation." To be sure, he did not refer to the presenttense nurse. "Vociferous frustration," rather than "quiet desperation," might well describe the state of mind of many modern Ladies in White. Whatever the mood of today's nurse, it certainly is not one of jobsatisfaction. Her relationship with those about her-doctors, ancillary workers, and/or patients-often leaves something to be desired. She is not ecstatic about her salary. Nor is she entirely pleased with the manner in which her specialized knowledge is being utilized. As an old pro who has enjoyed a rich although not necessarily minktrimmed career, I outline, herewith, several clues that may help the modem Nightingale to add zest and perhaps even zing to her job-routine. It is my conviction that any nurse, working on a 40-hour-a-week schedule, becomingly fringed with bene

The position which microOrganisms will ultimately take in their relation to the morbid processes of disease has not been determined as yet. Indeed, we seem now only at the beginning of an unknown region in which, possibly, lies hidden the mystery of the etiology of many pathological changes. Encouragement in the region of preventive medicine, under which head we must include all that Listerism has done for surgery, lends zest to the attempts to follow the microbe into the human organism and there annihilate. The almost complete failure thus far has given professional cynics an opportunity for a somewhat galling criticism. These failures are, no doubt, in a large measure due to our as yet very incomplete knowledge of the varying conditions and influences which complicate the relations of microbes to the human organism. Whatever opinion the clinician may have of the part played by them in the etiology of

When the eminent playwright George Bernard Shaw was beginning to age, he wrote a play called Back to Methuselah which he considered to be his masterpiece since in it he portrayed his idea of Utopia. The elite characters in this play lived to be 300 years old and all were brilliant conversationalists just like the author. They apparently did little else but converse. An aging man is likely to regard young adults as mere children. Shaw at this time believed that a proper adolescence lasted 78 years and that a man could not become an adult unless he turned 100. However, when the great dramatist reached his 90's he seems to have lost his zest for a three-century life span. In fact, he lost his enthusiasm for most of the opinions that he had propounded during his career. But his antagonism towards doctors persisted. In the preface to Far Fetched

The current volume of this popular series continues to be the information bargain of the year. Nowhere else can the pediatrician find so many abstracts of the previous year's pediatric literature so expertly selected and so well written. Moreover, many of these abstracts are followed by invited—or the editor's own—comments Some serve to interpret; others, to dispute: some to confirm, and still others to refute! These comments alone make the book mandatory reading. A number of quips provide zest and humor for the reader. For example, in pointing to the significance of a single umbilical artery, the editor stresses that "the obstetrician will have to learn not to be an old 'shut-mouth.'" Is the message clear? Or, in speaking of chromosome terminology, he adds, "The blood coagulationists now speak in a strange tongue that requires interpreters; cardiologists frequently slip into their peculiar mumbojumbo; the virologists will soon be speaking only