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Sociolinguistic research has established that age is a factor in language variation and ultimately language change. Youthful manipulation of language creates vernacular which results in the phenomena of youth languages and registers. The youth languages are similar to slang creation and usage because they are both lexicalised through manipulating lexis from their matrix languages, and borrowings. S'ncamtho is a Ndebele-based youth language in Zimbabwe and it shares a lot of lexis with Ndebele slang and urban vernacular. One of the manipulation strategies in S'ncamtho that is also present in Ndebele slang is what is referred to in this article as partial homophony. In this manipulation, words that are partial homophones are used to create decoy lexis. The article deploys qualitative research to gather instances of partial homophony in context and uses content and morphological analysis of the rules and constraints in this hybrid morphological process. The article establishes that the process relies on phonological, morphological and quasi-semantic manipulations to create decoy lexis. It is a special type of blending which violates the main and conventional rules of blending. The word replacements are not based on semantic relations, but partial homophony, and the replacements are actually decoys not semantic extensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Global Sport Management is the property of the Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Nigerian society today is bedeviled by cybercrimes known in the local parlance as Yahoo Yahoo. Many people are losing their hard-earned fortune to this menace while the country is continually facing image damage in the comity of nations. It is necessary therefore to examine the causes of cybercrimes among Nigerian youths in order to proffer solutions. This study is an investigation into some socioeconomic predictors of cybercrimes among Nigerian youths in Ibadan Metropolis. Descriptive research design of survey type was adopted. Participants were one hundred and fifty youths within the age range of 18-35 selected through convenience sampling. Four hypotheses guided the study. Socioeconomic Predictors of Cybercrime Questionnaire (SOPOC-Q) designed and validated by the researcher was used to collect data for the study. Data collected were subjected to analysis using frequency count, percentage and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results shows that internet [F(1,148)=9.617; p<.002] is the most significant contributor to cybercrime followed by peer influence [F(1,148)=1.768; p<.186] and unemployment [F(1,148)=1.829; p<.176] were significant contributors to cybercrime among the participants while economic hardship [F(1,148)=.66; p<.79]) was not significant. Stringent measures to curtail the activities of internet fraudsters, early orientation of children on the need to avoid bad and wayward peers and the need for government and non-governmental organization to provide jobs for unemployed individuals were recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Religious Education Studies / Türkiye Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Religious Education Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The recent environmental emergency sounded off by experts necessitates drastic action from highly developed and developing countries alike. Among the stakeholders needing information and education to contribute to a meaningful environmental response, the youth (15 to 30 years old) are in the frontline to receive instruction. The present study argues that ecological conversations involving the youth can begin with a meaningful and contextual understanding of their interior dispositions, addressing their awareness and attitudes, before proposing environmentally-focused alternative programs for action. Second, we propose that the youth's religious viewpoints are in dialogue with their perceptions of the environment, citing recent empirical reports. In the absence of an actual study reporting youth attitudes of religion vis a vis environmental awareness, this article underscores the need to articulate religious attitudes and environmental awareness as preliminary considerations to an ecological dialogue with the youth. In view of this research intent, the present study reviews youth levels of awareness of critical environmental issues and its relationship to their attitudes toward religion using a measure on religion and an adapted measure on students' environmental awareness. Data were analyzed using descriptive tools and independent samples t-test through a descriptive quantitative design. Preliminary considerations toward an ecological youth dialogue on climate change and environmental issues and its implications for school environmental education are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Horizons of Politics / Horyzonty Polityki is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Adults perceive the youth of the present as being worse than from when they were young. This phenomenon has been shown to be a product of a memory bias, adults are unable to accurately recall what children were like in the past so they impose their current selves onto their memories. In two studies using American adults (N = 2,764), we seek to connect this finding to age, implicit theories of change, and extend the beliefs in the decline of the youth to new domains. Here we show as people age, they hold harsher beliefs about present children. Those who believe a trait does not change throughout the lifespan exhibit more forgiving attitudes toward the youth of today, believing they may not be in such decline on that trait. Finally, people who are low in a negative trait believe strongly that children are becoming more deficient in that particular trait (e.g., those who are not narcissistic believe the youth are becoming more narcissistic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sexism results in a number of attitudes and behaviors that contribute to gender inequalities in social structure and interpersonal relationships. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Lights4Violence, an intervention program based on promoting health assets to reduce sexist attitudes in young European people. Methods: We carried out a quasi-experimental study in a non-probabilistic population of 1146 students, aged 12–17 years. The dependent variables were the difference in the wave 1 and wave 2 values in the subscales of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: benevolent sexism (BS) and hostile sexism (HS). The effect of the intervention was evaluated through linear regression analyses stratified by sex. The models were adjusted by baseline subscales scores, socio-demographic and psychological variables. Results: In girls, we observed a decrease in BS in the intervention group compared to the control group (β = − 0.101; p = 0.006). In the wave2,, BS decreased more in the intervention group compared to the control group in girls with mothers with a low level of education (β = − 0.338; p = 0.001), with a high level of social support (β = − 0.251; p < 0.001), with greater capacity for conflict resolution (β = − 0.201; p < 0.001) and lower levels of aggressiveness (β = − 0.232, p < 0.001). In boys, the mean levels of HS and BH decreased in wave 2 in both the control and intervention groups. The changes observed after the wave 2 were the same in the control group and in the intervention group. No significant differences were identified between both groups. Conclusions: The implementation of the Lights4Violence was associated with a significant reduction in BS in girls, which highlights the potential of interventions aimed at supporting the personal competencies and social support. It is necessary to reinforce the inclusion of educational contents that promote reflection among boys about the role of gender and the meaning of the attributes of masculinity. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov : NCT03411564. Unique Protocol ID: 776905. Date registered: 26-01-2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to the significant burden associated with mental disorders that have their onset in youth, there is a critical need to improve treatments and treatment outcomes. Given the evidence for physical activity (PA) as an effective intervention for reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in young people, we examined young people's attitudes towards and acceptability of PA as part of mental health treatment, predictors of current engagement in PA and predictors of attitudes towards PA as a treatment option. Methods: Participants in this cross‐sectional study were 88 young people (15–25 years) who were engaged in treatment at youth mental health services in Melbourne, Australia. Results: Young people's attitudes towards PA as a treatment option were generally positive. The acceptance of PA as a treatment option was predicted by fewer perceived barriers and more benefits to exercise, higher autonomous motivation and lower amotivation; whereas, the only significant predictor of current engagement in PA was autonomous motivation. Discussion: The integration of PA interventions within mental health treatment appears to be acceptable to young people; however, acceptance of PA as a treatment option is influenced by perceived barriers and benefits of PA and autonomous motivation. A focus on increasing autonomous motivation by enhancing the perceived value of PA and choosing preference‐based, enjoyable activities may assist in addressing the complex range of factors that impact the ability of these young people to become more physically active. Addressing these factors may assist with implementing PA interventions within psychological treatments for mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: “Anomie” describes social dysregulation or a social condition in which individuals feel isolated instead of united with other members of the society. The literature on the association of anomie and loneliness with suicidality and youth psychopathology has been demonstrated in some studies based in Western nations. This study aims to compare the association of anomie and loneliness, substance use, and psychosocial risk factors with suicidal ideations in a sample of high school (HS) students in Istanbul. The context of modern-day Turkey provides a setting where stress from socio-economic and cultural transitions resulting from globalization could contribute to higher degrees of anomie and isolation/loneliness. Methods: The study data were collected from a 66‑question survey of 31,604 HS students administered by the Istanbul Department of Education. The primary questions and subquestions were used to generate variables of interest to explore the relationship between anomie, loneliness, and psychopathology. In addition to the descriptive analyses, logistic regressions were used with anomie and loneliness as dependent variables, and psychosocial variables and psychiatric symptoms were used as two main independent variable clusters. Results: Our findings show that 45% of Turkish youth experienced anomie and 17% experienced loneliness. Both anomie and loneliness are strongly associated with particular psychosocial variables. More time spent with family and higher parental education are protective factors, whereas peer influences and substance misuse increase the risk of anomie and loneliness. Both anomie and loneliness are also associated with psychiatric symptomatology, particularly suicidality. Conclusions: Identification of youth struggling with anomie and loneliness can be an important approach to reaching out to at‑risk youth, particularly in a context of socioeconomic and cultural transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Adolescent suicide rates have been rising since 1999, and efforts to identify youth at risk with systematic approaches are important in secondary prevention. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) screener is a tool that has demonstrated predictive validity in identifying youth at risk of attempting suicide. Health care settings are key venues where at-risk youth can be identified effectively. Methods: A tertiary hospital in the Northeast U.S. developed a suicide risk protocol, consisting of systematic screening of patients for suicidal ideation/behavior with a screening version of the C-SSRS and a response algorithm based on risk levels derived from the screen. A total of 840 nurses were trained on the C‑SSRS Screener, with a response protocol addressing environmental safety and psychiatric consultation. Results: This report focuses on the screening results for adolescents (ages 12–17) within this cohort, occurring over a 11‑year period. Post-training inter‑rater reliability on the C‑SSRS Screener definitions of ideation and behavior were high and independent of level of education or mental health experience. Of 6126 patients screened in this age group, 9.6% were in the highest risk category, as compared to 0.93% of adults during a 12‑month period. Middle adolescents, females, African American and Latino patients, patients with psychiatric diagnoses, and patients with some medical diagnoses were at significant risk. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a systematic screening and clinical response protocol using the C-SSRS screener can potentially enhance the ability to identify suicide risk in the adolescent population in medical surgical hospitals and can focus services on patients with the most need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examines the data from a large survey of youth in metropolitan Istanbul to examine the generation status in rural-urban immigration and its relationship of substance use/alcohol use in a high school (HS) setting. Methods: The study data were collected by the Istanbul Department of Education on 31,604 HS students which were a survey of 66 questions administered in the school setting. Immigration statuses of the students and their parents were categorized, and it was compared with the type of substance use. Odds ratios were calculated by using the participants from rural area as the reference category. Results: A total of 31,272 participants, 14,477 (46.6%) male and 16,581 (53.4%) females between the ages of 13 and 21 years constituted the final sample size for this study. Out of the total number of participants included in analyses (24,974), 18% had all family members from Istanbul, 16% had at least one family member from outside of Istanbul, 44% had majority of family members from outside of Istanbul, and 21% were from outside of Istanbul. About 15% of participants from Istanbul reported using tobacco, whereas those from outside of the city reported about 12%. Twenty-seven percent of participants from Istanbul reported using alcohol as compared to 18% in participants from outside of Istanbul. The combined category usage (alcohol and any substance use) was found in 33.7% in participants from Istanbul and 24% in participants from outside of the city. Conclusion: Rural background may play a protective role in substance and alcohol use in Turkish adolescents and young adults. In Istanbul, nonimmigrant individuals are more likely to use any type of illicit substance, or combination of illicit substances and alcohol as compared to immigrant individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflict and crises have dire consequences on access to sexual and reproductive health information and services. Over the years, Global and Humanitarian Health actors have developed health policies and guidelines to improve the delivery of health services in emergencies or humanitarian crises. Despite these advancements, the international health response in conflictaffected settings still faces gaps and challenges. This commentary highlights the need for an increasing sensitization as a pillar for sexual and reproductive health and rights' implementation among youths in the ongoing conflict zone in Eastern DR Congo. The eastern part of DRC is living in a situation of armed conflict with an impact on the health system which renders SRH services difficult to access for youths. This has an impact on the health status of the future leaders of this country on achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3. Sensitization of the community based on the complete sexuality education approach has the potential to positively impact the integration of SRH services in this conflict-affected region. This has an impact on the health status of the future leaders of this country and achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3. Sensitization of the community based on the complete sexuality education approach has the potential to positively impact the integration of SRH services in this postconflict region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociology & Space / Sociologija i Prostor is the property of Institut za drustvena istrazivanja u Zagrebu (Institute for Social Research of Zagreb) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Esboços: Historias em Contextos Globias is the property of Esbocos: historias em contextos globais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While investigations examining the effects of direct and vicarious police stops on youth attitudes toward the police have been limited, even less research has explored how these processes vary by race/ethnicity. Thus, this study uses the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine how race/ethnicity shapes: (1) the relationship between direct and vicarious police stops and youth attitudes toward police and (2) how the contextual nature of these stops (intrusiveness) influence youth perceptions of police. The results suggest that direct and/or vicarious police contact can generate negative attitudes toward police among black, Hispanic, and in some cases, white youth, though these effects vary across type of police stop and type of attitude. When a direct stop involved more officer intrusiveness, black youth reported less respect and more negative perceptions of procedural justice. As such, policymakers and criminologists should consider how race/ethnicity influences youth attitudinal responses to police encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic disease burden is higher among disadvantaged populations. Preventing lifestyle risk behaviors such as poor diet, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, and vaping in adolescence is critical for reducing the risk of chronic disease and related harms in adolescence and adulthood. Although eHealth interventions are a promising prevention approach among the general population, it is unclear whether they adequately serve adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds such as those living in geographically remote or lower socioeconomic areas. Objective: This is the first systematic review to identify, evaluate, and synthesize evidence for the effectiveness of eHealth interventions targeting adolescents living in geographically remote or lower socioeconomic areas in preventing poor diet, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, and vaping. Methods: A systematic search will be conducted in 7 electronic databases: the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PROSPERO, MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, and PsycInfo (Ovid). The search will be limited to eHealth-based experimental studies (ie, randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies) targeting diet, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, and vaping among adolescents (aged 10-19 years). Eligible studies will be those reporting on at least one marker of socioeconomic status (eg, social class, household income, parental occupation status, parental education, and family affluence) or geographical remoteness (eg, living in rural, regional, and remote areas, or living outside major metropolitan centers). One reviewer will screen all studies for eligibility, of which 25% will be double-screened. Data will be extracted and summarized in a narrative synthesis. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Revised Risk of Bias Tool. Results: As of December 2021, the title and abstract screening of 3216 articles was completed, and the full-text review was underway. The systematic review is expected to be completed in 2022. Conclusions: This systematic review will provide an in-depth understanding of effective eHealth interventions targeting poor diet, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, and vaping among adolescents living in geographically remote or lower socioeconomic areas and the factors that contribute to their effectiveness. This in turn will provide critical knowledge to improve future interventions delivered to these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical activity and nutrition behaviors are important to reducing the prevalence of childhood obesity. Previous research has identified school-based interventions as effective strategies to improve physical activity and nutrition. However, the results are often mixed, and middle schoolers are an under-studied population. Objective: Our study aims to fill this gap by developing an after-school intervention to increase physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption that is influenced by national guidelines and formative research. Methods: This study was an after-school, quasi-experimental study spanning 9 months. Enrollment began in September 2021 and continued on a rolling basis through February 2022. Weekly, middle schoolers were offered 2-3 physical activity sessions and 1 produce kit. Physical activity was measured using accelerometers and questionnaires. Nutrition behaviors were assessed using questionnaires, and physical literacy was assessed using researcher observations. Follow-up data collection occurred in December 2021 and in April 2022. Difference scores will be calculated and analyzed for each outcome variable. Results: The intervention started in September 2021 and will conclude in May 2022. Published study results are expected in late 2022. Conclusions: An increase in physical literacy, physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption is expected. If successful, future studies will focus on reach and sustainability. Lastly, this study may serve as a model for improving health outcomes in middle schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to examine how social class bias may be enacted by mentors and mentoring program staff within community‐based youth mentoring relationships and how these biases may influence the mentoring relationship. A narrative thematic analysis was conducted with interviews from mentors, mentees' parents/caregivers, and mentoring program staff representing 36 matches participating in a larger, prospective, mixed‐methods study examining factors associated with early match closures. Findings indicate that although some mentors were able to partner with the youth and family to effectively navigate challenges related to the family's economic circumstances, other mentors and some mentoring program staff held deficit views of the youth and their family that appeared to be at least partially rooted in negative social class‐based assumptions about attitudes and behaviors. Specifically, we observed tendencies on the part of some mentors and program staff toward (a) deficit‐based views of families and youth, (b) individual‐level attributions for the family's economic circumstances and blaming of caregivers, and (c) perceiving mentors as being underappreciated by the youth's caregiver. These deficit perspectives contributed to the minimization of parent/caregiver voice in the mentoring process and negative interpretations of parent/caregiver and, in some cases, youth attitudes and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a near-peer mentoring model for high school youth to mentor middle school youth on how to program using MIT App Inventor. The purpose of this study was to investigate (a) the effectiveness of the near-peer mentoring model for the mentees and (b) how the mentees' vicarious experience with the near-peer mentors led to changes in their self-efficacy in computer programming. Findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of the model in improving self-efficacy. A moderation analysis showed how mentor role modeling and perceived similarity contributed to the changes in self-efficacy. Explanations to the findings and their implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional elements in the Federal Constitution include provisions relating to the institution of the monarchy, Islam, the Malay language, and the privileges of the Malays. However, there are still issues of dispute, insult and provocation on the elements of this tradition by some Malaysians. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of youth towards the elements of tradition in the Federal Constitution. This study was conducted in a cross-section with the distribution of questionnaires to 416 respondents among multi-ethnic youths by convenience sampling. Data were analysed descriptively using SPSS software. The results of the study found that the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of youth towards the elements of tradition as a whole is high. Therefore, every ethnic group in Malaysia needs to know, understand, accept and appreciate the history of the drafting of the Federal Constitution and the traditional elements, which are the basic provisions in the constitution to strengthen the supremacy of the constitution and increase inter-racial understanding involving issues related to the traditional elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to replicate earlier studies suggesting that changes in parenting have contributed to the recent decline in youth drinking by comparing parenting in a country experiencing a sharp decline in youth drinking (Sweden) with a country with only a small decline (Denmark). Data and analysis: Data stem from self-reported information from 15–16-year-old children in the Swedish and Danish subsamples of ESPAD. Youth drinking was measured by prevalence and frequency of drinking over the past year. Parenting was measured in terms of the extent the child reported that: (1) parents' attitudes towards offspring drinking are restrictive, (2) parents set up general rules for what their children are allowed to do, and (3) parents have high level of knowledge about where and with whom their children spend time. The association between these indicators of parenting and youth drinking was first estimated with logistic regressions. Second, changes in parenting between 1999 and 2015 were compared between Denmark and Sweden across the study period. Results: Restrictive parental attitudes were associated with a lower likelihood of past-year drinking and frequent drinking in both Sweden and Denmark. This attitude was more common in Sweden, where it also became more prevalent between 2003 and 2015 in contrast to in Denmark. The association between strict parental rule-setting and youth drinking was weak in both countries. A high parental knowledge of the child's whereabouts was linked to a lower likelihood of past-year drinking in Sweden and a lower frequency of drinking in both countries. Parental knowledge of offspring's whereabouts did not develop differently in Sweden and Denmark, with a high and stable proportion in both countries. Conclusion: More restrictive parental attitudes towards youth drinking may have contributed to the decline in youth drinking, whereas the importance of general parental rule-setting and parental knowledge of offspring's whereabouts was not supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the closure of schools and may have inadvertently resulted in decreased physical activity for youth. Emerging evidence suggests that school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic could have hastened the inactivity of youth, possibly due to a lack of structure outside of school and increased access to sedentary activities. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess changes in physical activity from pre-school closure (before the pandemic) to post-school closure (during the pandemic) among youth in spring 2020. Methods: This study used a natural experimental design; youth were enrolled in a physical activity study prior to the lockdown, which was enforced due to the pandemic. The number of device-assessed steps per day and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity minutes per week were measured by using a Garmin Vivofit 4 (Garmin Ltd) accelerometer over 8 weeks. Mixed effects models were used to compare physical activity variables, which were measured before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Youth were primarily Hispanic or Latinx (8/17, 47%) and female (10/17, 59%). The number of daily steps decreased by 45.4% during the school closure, from a pre-school closure mean of 8003 steps per day to a post-school closure mean of 4366 steps per day. Daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity decreased by 42.5%, from a pre-school closure mean of 80.18 minutes per week to a post-school closure mean of 46.13 minutes per week. Conclusions: Youth are engaging in roughly half as much physical activity during the school closure as they were prior to the school closure. If additional evidence supports these claims, interventions are needed to support youths' engagement in physical activity in the Midwest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the most difficult areas in the fight against HIV/AIDS is reaching out to youth aged 13 to 24 years. The proportion of youth living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and who are virally undetectable is low, highlighting significant challenges for reaching the Joint United Nations Program on HIV targets. Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of obtaining key clinical indicators and monitoring treatment, viral suppression, and retention components of the youth HIV treatment cascade in Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions clinics using electronic health record (EHR) downloads and to provide baseline characteristics for the study participants. Methods: EHR data were systematically obtained from multiple clinical sites and used to meaningfully capture clinical characteristics, initiation of antiretrovirals, and retention in care, which are part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 4 continuum of care measures. In addition, this study used standard cost values attached to Current Procedural Terminology codes to estimate the cost per visit. Results: Only 2 of the 4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention treatment cascade measures were assessed using routine EHR data. EHR data are not adequate for monitoring HIV testing or linkage to care because denominator data are not available. However, the data work well for measuring ART initiation and adequately for retention in care. The sites were broadly able to provide information for the required data. However, in most cases, these data are insufficient for identifying patterns of missed appointments because such misses are not captured in the EHR system. Sites with good access to data management resources can operate more efficiently for cascade monitoring study purposes. Conclusions: Data other than EHRs are needed to measure HIV testing and linkage to youth care. EHR data are useful for measuring ART initiation and work moderately well for measuring retention in care. Site data management resources should be part of the selection process when looking for site partners for clinical studies that plan to use EHR data. Study planners should determine the feasibility of additional funding for organizations in need of additional information technology or data management resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The primary purpose of this study was to assess sleep hygiene knowledge among coaches and sports science support staff working with youth athletes, their sleep practices implemented with athletes, and their sleep education. Materials and methods: A sample of 139 Polish coaches and sports science support staff working with youth athletes volunteered to complete a survey focused on sleep monitoring, hygiene practices, and sleep education. The Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS) was also included. Results: Overall sleep hygiene knowledge was inadequate for the whole sample (14.86 ± 2.70, score range 0 - 20; mean ± SD). However, the overall SBS score for science support staff was adequate (15.44 ± 2.71) and significantly higher than the inadequate score obtained by coaches (14.48 ± 2.65, p = 0.013). Less than half (48%) of coaches and science support staff promoted or administered sleep hygiene strategies, and only 17% monitored sleep of youth athletes. Most coaches and science support staff (only 35% of “Yes” responses) were not educated in sleep knowledge. However, there were significant differences between coaches and science support staff (28 % vs 46 %, respectively; p = 0.030) in their education in the field of sleep hygiene. Conclusions: Coaches working with youth athletes had inadequate overall sleep hygiene knowledge, while sports science support staff’s knowledge was adequate. Sleep hygiene strategies, sleep monitoring practices, and sleep education of coaches and science support staff seemed to be limited. We suggest that a broader approach to sleep education in youth sports staff might be necessary to improve sleep practices in youth athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soter: Journal of Religious Science / Religijos Mokslo Žurnalas is the property of Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Theology-Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses various depictions of childhood agency and empowerment in three examples of Malaysian children's and young adult literature in English to highlight the value and viability of these literary texts as stories for survival. In emphasizing agency as "the new paradigm of childhood," this article argues that these literary texts, as examples of narratives of empowerment, are crucial for the durability and relevance of youth literature in contemporary multicultural societies like Malaysia through their capacity to demonstrate how young people are and must be seen as active in the construction and determination of their own social lives, the lives of those around them, and the societies in which they live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented pieces of research are parts of a larger research project, the aim of which was to try to define the differences in perception (stereotyping) of people of other nationalities ("Strangers") by Polish and Ukrainian youths. For the purpose of the research, it was assumed that when describing people, stereotypes evaluate and judge them with a positive or negative affect. The research employed the method of a diagnostic survey with the questionnaire technique with the use of the author's Questionnaire Survey for Poles and Ukrainians. In total, the study included 491 Ukrainian students, 285 from central Ukraine and 206 from the western, and 480 Polish students, including 261 from eastern Poland and 219 from central. Research has shown that the surveyed students from Poland and Ukraine have a positive perception of Americans, English, Swedes and Germans. Arabs, Jews, Indians and Nigerians are perceived neutrally, while Russians are viewed mostly negatively. The greatest variation can be seen in the perception of the Chinese. Poles perceive them in a more positive way. On the other hand, the mutual relations between the surveyed Poles and Ukrainians are situated in the area of neutral perception. However, it should be emphasized that in each of the analyzes, various positive or negative intensities of the dominant features occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses a range of issues connected with the risks faced by adolescents raised in dysfunctional families and local environments; it emphasizes the importance of preventive and educational functions of school as well as the resulting tasks for the teacher. The example of Bytom, a Polish city in Upper Silesia, was used to illustrate the multitude of social problems inherent in such an environment. What characterizes it is pauperization of families, negligence in the upbringing of children and youth, lack of parental supervision over free time activities of minors, i.e., the so-called "children of the street." Schools, teachers, and guidance counselors, who work in them, occupy an important place in this difficult environment. Though simultaneously, educational institutions often become a place where negative patterns of behavior acquired in the family or local environment manifest themselves. Another problem is the attitude of parents towards school, characterized by indifference and lack of interest in the child, which results in rare contacts and insufficient cooperation in educational interactions. An environment prone to social pathologies (be it a family or local community) serves as a catalyst for various problems such as: risky behaviors, petty crime, aggression, nowadays also electronic aggression, lack of life perspectives, threat of social maladjustment or lack of authority figures. The empirical part of the article presents the results of a survey conducted among adolescents and their teachers in a selected group of schools (elementary and vocational ones) in Bytom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Family Upbringing / Wychowanie w Rodzinie is the property of Family Upbringing Editorial Board / Redakcja czasopisma Wychowanie w Rodzinie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the past forty years Chinese youth attitudes toward the United States have undergone major changes, which have affected attitudes toward American higher education and studying in the US. These attitudinal changes have been influenced by several factors, including Chinese government policies on Sino-American educational exchanges, the overall relationship between the two countries, 0 and tile penetration of American culture in China. Data sources iiiclude the analysis of surveys conducted by Chinese social scientists in different periods; interviews with Chinese students; Chinese policy documents on overseas study; and Chinese media, books, ancl journals. Chinese youth can compartmentalize "two Americas," holding highly negative attitudes toward the "hegemonist" America which seeks to prevent the rise of China as an equal in world affairs, while lic)1

Copyright of Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação is the property of Ensaio: Avaliacao e Politicas Publicas em Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

STORYLINES FROM RECENT RESEARCH on the church have been discouraging. The rise of the "nones," increasing "dropout" rates, and decreasing membership have created a storyline of fear that is driving church-based youth ministries to abandon outreach to teenagers outside the walls of the church and turn inward to protect the children and teenagers inside the church. Are the anxieties over these storylines of fear valid? Is the fear factor that is driving this inward turn legitimate? Does the research genuinely warrant a fearful response? Should the church abandon her outreach efforts and turn inward to protect those growing up in the church? This paper considers such questions by analyzing the research and how this storyline of fear has caused a significant shift in the mission of church-based youth ministry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IN A RELATIVELY SHORT PERIOD, COVID-19 swept the globe. Under the shadow of the virus, youth ministry praxis shift ed and evolved in an effort to maintain ministry momentum; for many, ministry momentum was slowed, while for others, it came to a screeching halt. This grounded theory study examined youth ministry in seven countries and found that all, without exception, lost ministry momentum, and youth participation in many cases declined as much as 95 percent. However, youth ministries that creatively leveraged governmental restrictions and created Third Place Momentum reported microbursts that slowed the overall momentum loss. Furthermore, youth leaders reported more momentum in the youth ministry as well as higher spiritual health and discipleship levels in the teens who participated in third places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how young people in Sweden talk about and understand violence, with a particular emphasis on how violence, gender, space and time are co-constructed in this discourse. We found that young people display an ambivalent attitude to violence, reinforcing several contradictory discourses of violence. Young people adopt various understandings that place violence differently in time (ongoing vs. past) and space (distant/absent vs. close/present). They discursively construct the school as a non-violent space while considering digital spaces to be violent. Yet, they still find that violence occurs at different places and times at school. These 'discursive manoeuvres' highlight how views on violence that territorialises and re-territorialises places as being 'safe' or 'unsafe' is part of the gendered spatial regulation of young people's lives. By specifically analysing time and space in young people's discourse on violence, this article contributes to research on their perspectives on gendered violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to explore what financial goals, knowledge, attitudes and strategies youths studying at higher education institutions have. The study segments and describes higher education students (N=2,557). Respondents are grouped into three categories: 1. The wasteful, characterized by a carpe diem attitude and by worrying. When it comes to the achievement of long-term financial goals, an external control attitude can be observed. 2. The careful risk-averse, characterized by consideration and scrutiny, as well as risk avoidance, preparedness for the future and saving. In order to achieve their financial goals, they choose such traditional and internal control strategies as budgeting and hard work. 3. The informed self-confident are characterized by financial literacy and a realistic subjective assessment of their financial knowledge. They set long-term financial goals, which they choose to achieve by strategies that promote their financial increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Cannabis use is associated with greater likelihood of psychosis. The relationship between attitudes about cannabis and use has not been examined in youth at clinical high‐risk (CHR) for psychosis. Additionally, the shifting legal landscape can provide a valuable context for evaluating use and related attitudes. Methods: This study included 174 participants (44 CHR, 43 healthy control [HC] youth‐parent dyads). Youth completed measures of self‐reported cannabis use confirmed with a urinalysis, self‐perceived risk and perceived peer attitudes. Parents reported attitudes about youth use. Legalization occurred halfway during a 5‐year study in Colorado, providing an opportunity to cross‐sectionally examine its role in use and attitudes. Results: Frequency of youth reporting cannabis use was significantly higher in CHR (69%) than control group (30%). Use in CHR group was associated with higher perceived peer approval (r =.57), increased parental permissiveness (r =.28) and lower self‐perceived risk (r = −.26). Comparing samples participating pre and post‐legalization, use remained stable within each group. Group differences in parental permissiveness shifted; trend toward decrease in permissiveness in CHR group (η2partial =.07) and a significant increase in HCs (η2partial =.16) were observed. Post‐legalization, use in CHR group correlated with higher perceived peer approval (r =.64), lower self‐perceived risk (r = −.51) and higher parental permissiveness (r =.35, trend). Conclusions: Taken together, results indicate a relationship between self and peer/parental attitudes about cannabis and use in youth at CHR for psychosis. These factors are important to consider within the legalization context given the changes in parental attitudes and a stronger association between use and attitudes in this group post‐legalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the decline of religious engagement among youth in Turkey despite the two-decade incumbency of the Justice and Development Party (JDP) which has its origin in an Islamic movement. Topics include the results of World Values Survey in 2005-2009 and 2017-2020 and a survey by KONDA Research and Consultancy from 2008-2018 on religiosity of Turkish youth, how the changes in JDP's religious politics have influenced the youth and their attitudes toward religion, and the mechanisms of religious economy models.

The research deals with the study of young people's attitudes towards entertainment marketing in the TV competition programme, and it aims to identify young people's attitudes towards entertainment marketing in TV competition programmes, and determine the extent to which young people watch TV competition programmes, the level of youth exposure to TV competition programmes, and the motives behind watching competition programmes. The questionnaire to measure trends was distributed to a sample of (200) male and female students from\the University of Baghdad, and the statistical program spss was used to analyze the results, and the research reached several results, including that the percentage of viewing competition programs, especially artistic and lyrical, and the sample watching programs motivated by entertainment and entertainment, There is no significant correlation between demographic variables and watching TV competition programmes, and there are differences in the demographic variables of the sample towards the motives for watching TV competition programmes, with the exception of the gender variable, and there is great agreement on the attitudes of young people towards the entertainment marketing of TV competition programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

– Citizenship education, in its varying forms, seeks to address challenges of diversity and promote inclusion, while a discourse of othering within public debate implies exclusion for racialised minority citizens and residents. – Youth must navigate these dichotomous citizenship discourses in order to craft their own meaning of the concept of citizenship. – This research shows that youth draw on material and sensory tokens, such as skin colour, clothing, and audible language, to justify or challenge citizenship belonging. – The implication is that it is vital for citizenship education researchers to address the material and sensory tokens implicit in racialised discourses which Other minority citizens. Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate youth understandings of citizenship against the dual backgrounds of inclusive citizenship education and exclusionary discourse in the public sphere. Design / methodology / approach: The topic was explored through group interviews with 10th grade students, while the emergent theme of material or sensory tokens as indicators of belonging was analysed through an adapted discursive-material knot framework. Findings: The analysis shows that exclusionary citizenship discourses visible in public debate impact youth’s understanding of citizenship, and that youth use material or sensory tokens, such as skin colour, clothing, and audible language to justify or challenge citizenship belonging. Research limitations / implications: The research demonstrates youth engagement with citizenship discourse within the public sphere and their sense-making of citizen stereotypes and prejudices. However, more research is needed in order to further explore the issue within different contexts. Practical implications: As previous research has indicated, a clear vocabulary is needed in order to effectively address racialised prejudice in citizenship education. These findings indicate that addressing the material or sensory tokens inherent in such exclusionary discourse may be a useful starting point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

− Young people are often accused of a lack of interest and disengagement from public affairs. − Little is known about the opportunities and experiences for youngsters to be more engaged. − Citizenship education has been at the centre of educational proposals in many European countries. − The investments made in education policies, concerning citizenship education seem to fall short. Purpose: We intend to bring into debate what seems to be a paradoxical relation between the lack of youth civic and political participation, and the current disinvestment in the effective implementation of citizenship education policies. Design: A comparative framework between four European countries concerning youth civic and political participation, and citizenship education policies, including the involvement of NGOs in youth civic education. Findings: Data shows that young people’s (apparent) participatory apathy may have other readings or other meanings. Young people seem to be increasingly looking for more dynamic and less traditional forms of participation, and there is a need for citizenship education policies to be more grounded in this reality. Implications: Overall, we might be facing a paradox where educational policies seem to be tailor-made for young people who do not actually relate to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary has been revised from a guest talk, with the same title, that the author delivered at the opening session of the Children and Youth Performance Conference III, presented by Young People's Theatre and York University, online on June 25, 2021. The attendees were theatre practitioners, performers, community organizers, educators, and researchers working in the area of children and youth performance. This commentary attempts to demonstrate in practice "what we lose" when we only stage whiteness by focusing on the insights gained from centering the intellectual and artistic contributions of Black educators and Black theatre practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we report an illustrative case to focus narrowly on trauma informed literacy instruction during youth testimony, asking: What instructional practices support testimony as a trauma informed literacy practice? The work is theoretically and conceptually framed by trauma informed pedagogies to contend with racialized trauma. The illustrative case study of Bobby, a Vietnamese student struggling to make sense of his families' realities in light of Black Lives Matter protests, represents the complexities of the larger study and its findings. Data collection included interviews with youth participants and video recordings of virtual sessions. Three level coding identified ten themes related to the research question which were translated into three findings: (1) youth move towards personal testimony as part of relationship building, (2) youth draw from racialized trauma as a resource in their testimonies, and (3) adult responses to testimonies of racialized trauma can reinforce oppression. These findings critique the media outlets, educational systems, and macrostructures within society that create racialized trauma and sustain oppression for youth like Bobby, turning towards implications and recommendations to disrupt these systems and foster healing for youth contending with racialized trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Institute / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Bingol University / Rectorate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: We examined the breadth of research on sex, sexuality, and sexual and reproductive health and rights with young people with intellectual disability in the past two decades. Methods: An inclusive scoping approach focused on agency and resilience was used to review studies in English-speaking, high-income countries (2000–2019). Results: In the 68 studies included, we found positive examples of sexual and reproductive agency across five key domains: 1) sexual development including sexual desire, identities, relationships, and menstruation, 2) sexual knowledge including sexuality education and sexual self-advocacy, 3) sexual activity and contraceptive use, 4) access to HPV immunization and cervical cancer screening, and 5) pregnancy, childbirth, and parenthood. The strongest factors in enabling agency were social support and sexuality education. However, several barriers including paternalist attitudes and infantilization of young people with intellectual disability affected all aspects of sexual expression, leading to the persistence of unfair and avoidable health inequities over the past two decades. Conclusions: Ensuring young people with intellectual disability have a voice on all matters affecting their bodies, even if they have high support needs, is essential to promoting sexual and reproductive health and rights for all. Policy Implications: Anti-ableist policies in sexual and reproduction health (e.g., education curriculum, service delivery) are key to moving forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) and racial or ethnic minority youth at-risk for or living with HIV may have higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there are few data on vaccine hesitancy/acceptance and COVID-19 self-protective behaviors among this population. Youth aged 15–24 years (n = 440), predominantly African American and Latine (73%, n = 320) SGM, from Los Angeles and New Orleans reported their vaccine attitudes and COVID-19 and HIV preventive behaviors in October 2020. Latent class analyses categorized individuals into groups based on their vaccine attitudes and preventive behaviors. Relationships between these groups and other factors were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Most youth had accepting vaccine attitudes (70.2%, n = 309), with 20.7% hesitant (n = 91), and 9.1% resistant (n = 40). SGM and African Americans were significantly less accepting than their cis-gender and heterosexual peers. About two-thirds (63.2%, n = 278) of the respondents reported consistent COVID-19 self-protective behaviors. Youth with pro-vaccine attitudes were most consistently self-protective; however, only 54.4% (n= 168/309) intended to take a COVID-19 vaccine. Homelessness history, race, and sexual orientation were associated with vaccine attitudes. Accepting vaccine attitudes and consistent COVID-19 self-protective behaviors were closely related. COVID-19 attitudes/behaviors were not associated with HIV risk and only loosely associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses the involvement of youth in militant activities in Indonesia. Both around the country and globally, vulnerable youth continue to be susceptible to radicalisation into violent extremism due to a range of neurological, psychological, family and social factors, which groups such as the Islamic State (IS) and Al-Qaeda have exploited for recruitment and attack planning purposes. While the Indonesian authorities have in recent years made some progress in countering the threat from youth militancy, significant challenges remain, including the lack of mechanisms that effectively identify at-risk youth and the persistent issue of family radicalisation and recruitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]