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In addition to evaluate the morphologic characteristics of intracranial aneurysms, the dimension of the aneurysm is an important parameter for selecting treatment strategies, determining follow-up period, and predicting the risk of rupture. High-resolution vessel wall imaging has an increasingly dominant role in measuring aneurysm size and assessing the risk of rupture accurately. The size of saccular intracranial aneurysm may play an important role as a predictor of the rupture risk. With the rapid improvement in radiological techniques, different noninvasive imaging methods have respective characteristics in saccular intracranial aneurysms (sIA) measurement and morphologic description. Although most studies believe that the larger the aneurysm, the higher the risk of rupture, there is still a synergistic effect of multiple factors (such as location, morphology, history of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and even patient factors) to explain the rupture of small aneurysms. A literature search was performed of intracranial aneurysm size and risk of rupture. The specificity and sensitivity of different imaging methods for evaluating intracranial aneurysms varied based on sizes. Rupture risk of aneurysms was associated with multiple factors. A comprehensive assessment that considered aneurysm size in conjunction with other relevant factors would be helpful in guiding options of management. Accurate measurement of the dimension of sIA is an important basis in the selection of appropriate treatment including intravascular intervention or surgical clipping, as well as for determining the follow-up cycles for conservative or postoperative treatment. A uniform definition of sIA size is recommended to facilitate the integration of similar studies and to accomplish rapid and effective screening of cases in sIA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• a. Simultaneous catalytic oxidation of AsH 3 and PH 3 by Cu 1 Mn 1 -Al 2 O 3. • b. Mn doping introduces many oxygen vacancies to the Cu 1 Mn 1 -Al 2 O 3 catalyst surface. • c. The large number of Lewis acid sites produced by Mn doping promote oxygen activation. • d. Mn doping reduced the deep oxidation of PH 3 by 30.96%, inhibiting catalyst poisoning. • e. Mn doping reduced As 2 O 3 production by 44.9%, which also inhibited catalyst poisoning. To investigate the enhancing effect of Mn on the performance of simultaneous catalytic oxidation of AsH 3 and PH 3 by CuO-Al 2 O 3 in a reducing atmosphere under micro-oxygen conditions, Cu-Mn modified γ -Al 2 O 3 catalysts were prepared. The characteristics of the catalysts showed that Mn reduced the crystallinity of the active CuO component, increased the number of oxygen vacancies and acidic sites on the catalyst surface, enhanced the mobility of surface oxygen, and the interaction between copper and manganese promoted the redox cycling ability of the catalysts and improved their oxidation performance, which increased the conversion frequency (TOF) by 2.54 × 10−2 to 3.07 × 10−2 sec−1. On the other hand, the introduction of Mn reduced the production of phosphate and As 2 O 3 on the catalyst surface by 30.96% and 44.9%, which reduced the coverage and inerting of the active sites by phosphate and As 2 O 3 , resulting in an 8 hr (6 hr) improvement in the stability of PH 3 (AsH 3) removal. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interspace-expanded molybdenum disulfide (IE-MoS2) has been designed as a supercapacitor electrode material to improve the cycling stability. IE-MoS2 was formed through the ultrasound exfoliation of the interspace-compacted molybdenum disulfide (IC-MoS2), which was initially prepared through hydrothermal synthesis using Na2MoO4 as molybdenum source and CH4N2S as sulfur source. As-formed IE-MoS2 shows a few-layer structure with approximate 8-16 monolayer packing and monolayer distance of 0.83 nm. The MoS2 few-layer distance increased from 12 nm of IC-MoS2 to 20 nm for IE-MoS2. The specific capacitance was determined to be 108 F g−1 for IC-MoS2 to 192 F g−1 for IE-MoS2 at 0.5 A g−1. The improved specific capacitance was ascribed to more active sulfur atom exposed at the edges of IE-MoS2 few-layer to conduct the promoted proton attachment reaction. IE-MoS2 showed the capacity retention of 42% when the current density increased from 0.5 to 10 A g−1, presenting the high-rate capability. IE-MoS2 achieved the capacity retention of 116% at 10 A g−1 after 5000 charge-discharge cycles, which was ascribed to the electro-activation of the few-layer expanded MoS2 in proton acid electrolyte solution. IE-MoS2 exhibited the obviously improved cycling stability in comparison with IC-MoS2. All solid-state IE-MoS2 supercapacitor based on two symmetric IE-MoS2 electrodes and H2SO4-PVA gel electrolyte exhibited the energy density of 18.75 Wh kg−1 and power density of 375 W kg−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and high voltage window of 1.5 V. IE-MoS2 supercapacitor also exhibited the improved capacity retention of 110% after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. Such well-designed IE-MoS2 few-layer with highly improved cycling stability performance presented the promising energy storage application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bridge molecule thiourea (TU) enforced polyaniline (PANI) growing on activated carbon fiber (ACF) is applied to synthesize PANI-TU-ACF as flexible supercapacitor electrode material which involves an amide-bonding interface between ACF and TU, a hydrogen bonding interface between TU and PANI. [Display omitted] • Bridge molecular thiourea enforces interfacial interaction between ACF and PANI. • Amide bonding PANI and hydrogen bonding ACF improve cyclability of PANI-TU-ACF. • Bridging-structured PANI-TU-ACF is used for braidable-supercapacitor application. The bridge molecule thiourea (TU) enforced polyaniline (PANI) growing on activated carbon fiber (ACF) is applied to synthesize polyaniline-thiourea-activated carbon fiber (PANI-TU-ACF) through surface activation, hydrothermal treatment and electrochemical deposition processes for wearable braidable-supercapacitor. Experimental measurement and theoretical calculation demonstrate that PANI-TU-ACF involves amide bonding interface between ACF and TU and hydrogen bonding interface between TU and PANI, thus confirming the formation of bridging structure. The absorption spectrum red-shift of N–H vibration peak keeps in agreement with the declined bonding energy of N–H bond achieved by partial atom potential simulation calculation, which proves the formation of hydrogen bonding in PANI-TU-ACF. PANI-TU-ACF exhibits larger N(E) value and lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap than PANI-ACF, indicating its higher electrical conductivity. PANI-TU-PANI shows more lowered interface energy than PANI-ACF, suggesting its higher stability. PANI-TU-ACF electrode delivers excellent capacitance of 563.8F/g at 1 A/g and cycling stability of 89.1 % for 2000 cycles. Wearable braidable-supercapacitor based on PANI-TU-ACF electrode delivers energy density of 62.9 Wh kg−1 at power density of 800 W kg−1, maintains high capacitance retention of 90.13 % after 2000 charging/discharging cycles. The interfacial bonding strengthened PANI-TU-ACF with excellent performance displays potential in wearable supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fe 3 O 4 @MnO 2 core–shell nanoplates were prepared for H 2 S selective oxidation. • Fe4Mn1 catalyst displayed 100 % H 2 S conversion at 150 °C. • The core–shell structure significantly improved catalytic stability. • Coating Fe 3 O 4 with MnO 2 enhanced oxygen vacancies concentration. The rational design of catalyst structures holds paramount significance for realizing efficient catalytic reactions. In this study, an Fe 3 O 4 @MnO 2 core–shell catalyst was successfully synthesized using a facile one-pot method and applied in the selective oxidation of H 2 S in blast furnace gas. The introduction of the MnO 2 shell suppressed the further growth and aggregation of Fe species, leading to outstanding catalytic stability. Simultaneously, abundant oxygen vacancies facilitated the adsorption and activation of oxygen, thereby enhancing H 2 S oxidation. Experimental results revealed that the Fe 3 O 4 @MnO 2 catalyst (Fe/Mn = 4:1) displayed 100 % H 2 S conversion and 95.7 % sulfur selectivity at 150 °C in a humid gas stream containing O 2 and CO. Remarkably, no discernible decline in catalytic activity was observed after 170 h of operation, indicating the promising industrial prospects of this catalyst. This study provides an effective strategy for designing efficient and stable desulfurization catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The TOF value increases from 4.84 × 10-4 s−1 (TiO 2 , thermal treatment) to 8.43 × 10-4 s−1 (La-Ti@K, photothermal treatment) at 60 °C, with H 2 S selectivity over 99%. • An electron-metal-support interaction (EMSI) exists between the electron-rich La and TiO 2. • The introduction of lanthanum improved the energy band structure of La-Ti@K and reduced the free energy of the photothermal hydrolysis reaction. • Thiocarbonate(HSCO 2 -) is the main intermediate of photothermal hydrolysis reaction. The low-temperature conversion of corrosive carbonyl sulfide (COS) in steel by-product gas is essential for the clean utilization of this gas. Herein, La-Ti@K catalysts doped with La nanoparticles were shown to exhibit significant photopromoted thermocatalytic activity and stability under UV light irradiation. At a reaction temperature of 60 °C, the TOF value increased from 4.84 × 10-4 s−1 (TiO 2 , thermal treatment) to 8.43 × 10-4 s−1 (La-Ti@K, photothermal treatment), and the H 2 S selectivity exceeded 99%. This was because La doping increased the density of basic sites on TiO 2 , which promoted the continuous dissociation of H 2 O in the system and the regeneration of –OH under UV irradiation. Moreover, the photogenerated electrons from TiO 2 were transferred to La to maintain the metallic La nanoparticles, as well as to ensure the activation and photothermal hydrolysis of COS. The presence of a suitable electron-metal-support interaction (EMSI) between the electron-rich La nanoparticles and TiO 2 might be responsible for these phenomena. In addition, theoretical calculations revealed that light-induced electron transfer was conducive to H 2 O dissociation and COS activation, while La doping reduced the free energy of the hydrolysis reaction. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of La-Ti@K catalyst in COS photothermal hydrolysis and provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the photothermal catalytic mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensional criss-crossed CoO-modified NiMoO 4 (NiMoO 4 /CoO) nanohybrid was designed to enhance the capacitance performance of NiMoO 4 via two-step hydrothermal strategies. The NiMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid demonstrates a higher specific surface area (55 m2 g−1) than that of simplex NiMoO 4 (25 m2 g−1). The presence of CoO enhances the density of reaction active sites of NiMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid, which contributes to improving the electrochemical performance of NiMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid. The specific capacitance is obviously improved from 1.99 F cm−2 (1331 F g−1) of NiMoO 4 to 5.36 F cm−2 (2332 F g−1) of NiMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid at 2 mA cm−2 in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, an asymmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor employing NiMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid and exfoliated graphite carbon paper exhibits superior energy density of 71.4 W h kg−1 at a power density of 750 W kg−1 as well as a considerable cycling durability of 87.1% after 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1. The NiMoO 4 /CoO supported on Ni foam could act as binder-free electrode to provide highly enhanced electrochemical performance and show promising energy storage application. • CoO-modified NiMoO 4 nanohybrid shows a three-dimensional criss-crossed structure. • CoO nanostars increases the specific surface area of NiMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid. • The presence of CoO increases the concentration of reaction active sites. • NiMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid exhibits a specific capacitance of 5.36 F cm-2 (2332 F g−1). • The asymmetric supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 71.4 W h kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Tailored Cu/Zr bifunctional catalyst for simultaneous COS and H 2 S removal. • Combined sulfur capacity of 340.5 mg/g, exceeding that of previous studies. • Optimal performance obtained at reaction temperature of 60 °C and O 2 content of 0.3%. • Hydrolysis-oxidation mechanism revealed for simultaneous COS and H 2 S removal. The lengthy processes and cumbersome operations for the separate removal of COS and H 2 S have severely limited the development of blast furnace gas recycling process. CuO exhibits excellent H 2 S oxidation performance, but weak COS hydrolysis performance; in contrast, ZrO 2 shows the opposite trend. However, the functional combination of CuO and ZrO 2 has never been used for simultaneous removal of COS and H 2 S. In this study, a Cu/Zr co-doped K@TiO 2 bifunctional catalyst was tailored to simultaneously remove COS and H 2 S. The combined COS and H 2 S capacity of this catalyst reaches 340.5 mg/g at a low temperature of 60 °C, which is much higher than those of other reported bifunctional catalysts. The microcrystal structure formed by Cu/Zr co-doping increases the specific surface area of the catalyst and promotes the adsorption of COS/H 2 S. Specifically, Zr doping increases the content of moderate basic sites and significantly improves the hydrolysis efficiency of COS. Moreover, Cu doping induces lattice distortion of TiO 2 , while CuO captures 4 s valence electrons of K to form Cu 2 O. These two processes lead to the release of lattice oxygen from TiO 2 and CuO, generating oxygen vacancies and ·O 2 −, which promotes H 2 S oxidation. By proposing a simple route for the bifunctionalization of a desulfurization catalyst, this study drives innovation in both the theory and application of simultaneous removal of COS and H 2 S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The N -doped alumina-based catalyst lowered the temperature of simultaneous COS/CS 2 hydrolysis to 160 °C. • The strong interaction between nitrogen and potassium reduces the reactive oxygen density. • The introduction of pyridine nitrogen significantly enhanced the basic sites on the catalyst. • N -doping reduces the adsorption performance of H 2 S on the catalyst. • Bicarbonate and thiocarbonate are the main intermediates of the hydrolysis reaction. Basic sites are important to promote carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS 2) hydrolysis activity while improving the oxidation resistance of hydrolysis catalysts is a challenge. Here, we report an N -doped alumina-based catalyst (N -K@Al), where the complete hydrolysis removal of COS and CS 2 by the N -doped catalyst was extended up to 15 h at 160 °C, and the turnover frequency (TOF) value of the catalyst was increased from 0.85 × 10-2 s−1 to 1.16 × 10-2 s−1. The results showed that the strong interaction between nitrogen and potassium decreased the reactive oxygen density and activated –OH, weakening the oxygen mobility. In addition, the beneficial effects of N -doped included the addition of moderately and weakly basic sites by pyridine N. The optimized N -K@Al showed good catalytic performance in the hydrolysis of COS and CS 2 removal with lower reaction temperature and higher total hydrogen sulfide yield. Density functional theory calculations revealed that N -K@Al reduced the Gibbs free energy of COS and CS 2 hydrolysis to 0.21 eV and 0.33 eV, respectively, contributing to the enhanced catalytic activity. The present study presents new strategies for developing efficient antioxidant organosulfur hydrolyzers and other practical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • High S selectivity of K 2 CO 3 -induced Cu-based biochar for H 2 S catalytic removal. • Sulfur capacity of 373.4 mg/g, greatly exceeding that before modification. • Combination of K 2 CO 3 anchoring and COS hydrolysis improves S selectivity. • Synergistic effect between K 2 CO 3 and active components promotes catalytic activity. The low S selectivity of catalysts for H 2 S removal significantly hinders its application in blast furnace gas desulfurization. In this study, Cu-based coconut shell biochar was modified with different types and contents of alkali species. The results showed that the S selectivity close to 100% was prolonged from 0 to 750 min. At the same time, the sulfur capacity was increased from 242.1 mg/g (before the modification) to 373.4 mg/g by using K 2 CO 3 -induced Cu-based biochar at 120 °C. In CO, H 2 O, and O 2 atmosphere, H 2 S was dissociated and oxidized to elemental S. Additionally, K 2 CO 3 exhibited an elemental S anchoring effect, making the S more stable at medium–high temperatures and weakening the reactivity of S with CO and ·O 2 –. Thus, less COS and SO 2 were generated. Moreover, the basic sites enhanced by K 2 CO 3 promoted the hydrolysis of COS to generate H 2 S, which entered the desulfurization cycle. K 2 CO 3 also showed a synergistic effect with the active components, generating more ·O 2 – to promote the oxygenation of H 2 S. The regeneration efficiency of the catalyst could be stabilized above 90%. These findings could provide guidance and reference for designing and applying desulfurization catalysts with high S selectivity and activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • N-doped Zr/Ti-based catalysts were prepared for the catalytic hydrolysis of CS 2. • CS 2 conversion over the N-doped Zr/Ti-based catalyst reached 100% at 130 °C, exceeding previous studies. • The stability of the N-doped Zr/Ti-based catalyst was enhanced, maintaining a conversion above 90% for 30 h. • Interstitial nitrogen in the TiO 2 lattice increases the number of basic sites and surface hydroxyl groups. A nonmetallic N-doped Zr/Ti-based catalyst was prepared to investigate the effect of N addition on catalytic performance for carbon disulfide (CS 2) hydrolysis. The characterization of the catalyst indicated that doped N atoms were present as interstitial N in the TiO 2 lattice, resulting in an increase in the number of basic sites of the catalyst from 1.64 to 2.37 and from 0.68 to 2.53 for weakly basic and strongly basic sites, respectively. In addition, the doping of N promoted the formation of OH groups, which were favorable for the hydrolysis of CS 2 , from water (H 2 O) adsorbed on the catalyst, thus greatly improving the performance of catalytic CS 2 hydrolysis. However, N doping reduced the amount of chemisorbed oxygen on the catalyst surface from 44.7% to 33.4%, thus decreasing the oxidation reaction of the hydrolysis product H 2 S and improving the stability of the catalyst. CS 2 hydrolysis reaction activity and catalyst lifetime were tested. The experimental results demonstrated that the catalytic CS 2 hydrolysis performance was greatly improved after N doping, and the temperature to obtain 100% conversion was reduced from 180 °C to 130 °C. Selectivity to H 2 S was greatly improved with N-doped catalysts. Furthermore, the resistance of the catalyst to sulfate was improved. Nonmetallic N-doped Zr/Ti-based catalysts offer a new strategy for blast furnace gas desulfurization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Low-temperature hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfur in complex gas fractions of blast furnace gas. • Needle-like are obtained due toMoO3 nanoparticle insert in the of potassium oxide deposited on alumina Nano sheet structures, enhance the catalytic properties of the prepared composites. • The Mo atoms transfer electrons and excite the adsorbed H2O to produce –OH, while enhancing the basic sites that can stabilize the hydrolysis of COS. The synergistic effect of Mo species and K2O over Al2O3 promoted the removal of COS and inhibited the production of sulfate. • The introduction of Mo and K increases the number of weakly basic sites in the catalyst while decreasing the amount of lattice oxygen in the catalyst, and the NH3 adsorption IR shows a decrease in acidic sites. • COS is first adsorbed on the catalyst surface, bicarbonate and thiocarbonate are the main intermediates of the catalyst, and H2O is involved in the reaction by reacting with transition species to eventually generate sulfate to deactivate the catalyst. Water vapor, O 2 and various sulfides in blast furnace gases affect the carbonyl sulfide (COS) hydrolysis reaction. In this study, we investigated the hydrolysis and deactivation mechanisms of a series of catalysts that were synthesized by depositing K 2 O and MoO 3 on industrial alumina-based catalysts. Alumina nanosheets were deposited with potassium oxide, in which MoO 3 nanoparticles were incorporated resulting in needle-like structures. The modified catalysts had substantially enhanced COS hydrolysis activity at low temperatures. The introduction of K 2 O and MoO 3 significantly increased the number of weakly basic sites on the catalysts and reduced the lattice oxygen content. The catalysts exhibited high oxidation resistance and hydrolysis properties. According to the poisoning mechanism, the deposition of sulfate species tended to reduce weakly basic sites. High-valent Mo easily excited the adsorbed H 2 O on the catalysts, producing –OH groups that facilitated the COS hydrolysis reaction. This modification facilitates the further investigation of catalysts capable of promoting COS hydrolysis and their application in the manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur and nitrogen codoped tin dioxide (S,N-codoped SnO 2) has been grown on porous carbon fiber (PCF) via assisted hydrothermal and then one-pot codoping strategies. First-principles density functional theory and electrochemical investigations have revealed S or N-monodoping and S,N-codoping effect on SnO 2. N doping contributes to capacitance enhancement, while S doping favours rate capability. Thus, S,N-codoped SnO 2 shows more narrow bandgap (1.2 eV) and homogeneous electron density distribution than S or N-monodoped SnO 2 (2.0 and 1.7 eV) and SnO 2 (3.2 eV). Consistently, S,N-codoped SnO 2 , S-doped SnO 2 , N-doped SnO 2 and SnO 2 electrodes show specific capacitance (332.5, 123.8, 185.2 and 83.76 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and rate capability (64.8%, 61.1%, 47.9% and 36.5% from 1 to 10 A g−1). The wire-shaped microsupercapacitor using S,N-codoped SnO 2 /PCF positive electrode and TiN negative electrode delivers considerable energy density of 0.55 mWh cm−3. So, the consistent corroboration of simulation calculation and experiment validation indicates that high-performance S,N-codoped SnO 2 /PCF can act well as an effective energy storage electrode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cobalt (II) coordinated PANI (PANI-Co) was synthesized via a facile electropolymerization and hydrothermal process and applied for energy storage electrode material. The coordination bonding is formed between Co (II) ion and nitrogen of quinonediimine of PANI. PANI-Co achieves higher capacitance of 653 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 than PANI of 459 F g−1, and maintains high capacitance retention of 85.60% when the current density increases from 1 to 10 A g−1. The first-principles calculations result shows the protonated PANI-Co (H-PANI-Co) has much larger Fermi energy (N(E)) than the protonated PANI (H-PANI) and bare PANI, indicating its improved conductivity. The electrostatic potential of H-PANI-Co reveals the enhanced carrier transport behavior. The HOMO−LUMO energy gap decreases from 0.901 eV of PANI to 0.265 eV of H-PANI-Co. Moreover, H-PANI-Co shows less than half deprotonation energy of H-PANI, indicating more feasible protonic acid doping/dedoping process. All-solid-state supercapacitor constructed with PANI-Co electrode and gel electrolyte achieves energy density of 60.1 W h kg−1 at high power density of 900 W kg−1 and exhibits long cycle life with high capacitance retention of 83.8% after 1000 cycles. So, PANI-Co could act as an appropriate energy-storage electrode material. The first-principles calculations provide an alternative theoretical strategy to study the electrical properties of conducting polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoMoO 4 with oxygen vacancy (CoMoO 4-x) porous nanosheet is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and hydrogenation reduction method. The CoMoO 4-x porous nanosheet has a higher specific surface area together with a more diverse pore size distribution than CoMoO 4 nanosheet. The density functional theory calculation result exhibits that CoMoO 4-x has lower energy band gap (0.041 eV) than CoMoO 4 (1.683 eV). The electronic density of states plots reveals that CoMoO 4-x has more electron state distribution at Fermi energy level than CoMoO 4. CoMoO 4-x porous sheet achieves higher specific capacitance (1989 g−1) than CoMoO 4 (917 F g−1) at 2 mA cm−2. It also achieves superior capacitance retention rate (91.3%) than CoMoO 4 (83.9%) with the current density increasing from 2 to 20 mA cm−2. The introduction of oxygen vacancy can increase the carrier density, accelerate the electron transfer, promote the electrical conductivity, and accordingly strengthen the redox reactivity of CoMoO 4-x. An asymmetric supercapacitor is also constructed by using CoMoO 4-x as positive electrode and activated carbon as negative electrode. It achieves high energy density of 62.3 W h kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1, together with a good cyclic life. Both experimental measurement and theorical calculation are applied to prove the promotive role of oxygen vacancy in supercapacitive performance of CoMoO 4-x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Excessive nitrogen doping of SnO 2 forms SnO x N y with micro-phase separation of SnN x. • SnN x contributes to high electron transfer and electronic conductivity of SnO x N y. • SnO x N y has high capacity of 637.3 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 & cyclability of 99.2% at 5 A g−1. • Density functional theory calculation proves high capacitive performance of SnO x N y. • Wire-shaped microsupercapacitor is formed using SnO x N y /ACFs and TiN wire electrodes. Tin dioxide (SnO 2) nanorod array has been vertically grown on activated carbon fibers (ACFs) substrate by seed-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Well-aligned tin oxynitride (SnO x N y) nanorod array can be accordingly formed by excessive nitrogen doping of SnO 2 via nitriding treatment under an ammonia atmosphere. SnO x N y shows the micro-phase seperation of SnN x in SnO 2. The lower band gap energy of SnN x is advantageous to accelerate the electrons transfer and enhance the electronic conductivity of SnO 2 electrode material. The density functional theory calculation results prove that SnO x N y exhibits higher electronic donation at its interface for electrochemical reaction than SnO 2. Hence, the free-standing SnO x N y /ACFs electrode delivers greatly improved electrochemical performance including higher specific capacitance (637.3 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and cycling stability (99.2% at 5 A g−1 for 2000 cycles) in 1.0 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte than SnO 2 /ACFs (275.5 F g−1; 85.2%). The asymmetric wire-shaped microsupercapacitor using SnO x N y /ACFs as a positive electrode, TiN wire as a negative electrode and sulfuric acid-polyvinyl alcohol gel as the electrolyte has also achieved high output voltage of 1.6 V, high specific capacitance of 1.2 F cm−3 at 10 mA cm−3 and high energy density of 0.43 W h L−1. So, SnO x N y /ACFs can act as the promissing positive electrode material for effective energy storage application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 24-year-old male patient complained of mild knee pain after jogging. The subsequent knee MRI demonstrated bilateral lateral thickened tibiofemoral cartilages, evidenced by deformities of the bilateral subchondral bone beneath the lateral femoral condyle cartilage. The corresponding dislocations of almost all the left lateral meniscus and part of the right lateral meniscus to the center of the joint were detected. After excluding diagnoses of congenital ring-shaped meniscus, bucket handle tear of the C-shaped lateral meniscus, and central tear of the discoid meniscus, the displacement of all or part of the lateral meniscus into the intercondylar notch was considered a consequence of congenital thickening of the lateral superior and inferior cartilage. This case may report a new variant of knee joint pathology., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Zhang, Li, Li, Xie, Zhu, Lei and Zhang.)

The transformation of toxic arsine (AsH 3 ) gas into valuable elemental arsenic (As 0 ) from industrial exhaust gases is important for achieving sustainable development goals. Although advanced arsenic removal catalysts can improve the removal efficiency of AsH 3 , toxic arsenic oxides generated during this process have not received adequate attention. In light of this, a novel approach for obtaining stable As 0 products was proposed by performing controlled moderate oxidation. We designed a tailored Ni-based catalyst through an acid etching approach to alter interactions between Ni and NaY. As a result, the 1Ni/NaY-H catalyst yielded an unprecedented proportion of As 0 as the major product (65%), which is superior to those of other reported catalysts that only produced arsenic oxides. Density functional theory calculations clarified that Ni species changed the electronic structure of oxygen atoms, and the formed [Ni III -OH (μ-O)] active centers facilitated the adsorption of AsH 2 *, AsH*, and As* reaction intermediates for As-H bond cleavage, thereby decreasing the direct reactivity of oxygen with the arsenic intermediates. This work presents pioneering insights into inhibiting excessive oxidation during AsH 3 removal, demonstrating potential environmental applications for recovery of As 0 from toxic AsH 3 .

Aerogels with 3D porous structures have been attracting increasing attention among functional materials due to their advantages of being lightweight and high specific surface area. Precise control of the porous structure of aerogel is essential to improve its performance. In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) aerogels with distinctly different microstructures were fabricated by precisely controlling the phase separation behavior of the ternary solution system. Rheological and theoretical analyses have revealed that the interactions between polymer molecules, solvents and non-solvents play a crucial role in determining the nucleation and growth of poor olymer and rich polymer phases. By adjusting the non-solvent type and the solution composition, aerogels with spider network structure, bead-like connected microsphere structure, and cluster petal structure were obtained. Ideal spinodal phase separation conditions were obtained to produce aerogels with a homogeneous fiber network structure. The optimum PLA aerogel achieved an extremely porosity of 96 % and a high specific surface area of 114 m 2 /g, which rendered it with excellent triboelectric generation performance. Thus, this work provides fundamental insights into the precise regulation of the phase separation behavior and the structure of the aerogel, which can help boost the performance and expand the applications of PLA aerogels., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Economic and environmentally friendly strategies are needed to promote the bifunctional catalytic removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by hydrolysis and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) by oxidation. N doping is considered to be an effective strategy, but the essential and intrinsic role of N dopants in catalysts is still not well understood. Herein, the conjugation of urea and biochar during Cu/biochar annealing produced pyridine N, which increased the combined COS/H 2 S capacity of the catalyst from 260.7 to 374.8 mg·g -1 and enhanced the turnover frequency of H 2 S from 2.50 × 10 -4 to 5.35 × 10 -4 s -1 . The nucleophilic nature of pyridine N enhances the moderate basic sites of the catalyst, enabling the attack of protons and strong H 2 O dissociation. Moreover, pyridine N also forms cavity sites that anchor CuO, improving Cu dispersion and generating more reactive oxygen species. By providing original insight into the pyridine N-induced bifunctional catalytic removal of COS/H 2 S in a slightly oxygenated and humid atmosphere, this study offers valuable guidance for further C═S and C-S bond-breaking in the degradation of sulfur-containing pollutants.

Harvesting electrical energy from water and moisture has emerged as a novel ecofriendly energy conversion technology. Herein, a multifunctional asymmetric polyaniline/carbon nanotubes/poly(vinyl alcohol) (APCP) that can produce electric energy from both saline water and moisture and generate fresh water simultaneously is developed. The constructed APCP possesses a negatively charged porous structure that allows continuous generation of protons and ion diffusion through the material, and a hydrophilicity-hydrophobic interface which results in a constant potential difference and sustainable output. A single APCP can maintain stable output for over 130 h and preserve a high voltage of 0.61 V, current of 81 µA, and power density of 82.4 µW cm -3 with 0.15 cm 3 unit size in the water-induced electricity generation process. When harvesting moisture energy, the APCP creates dry-wet asymmetries and triggers the spontaneous development of electrical double layer with a current density of 1.25 mA cm -3 , sufficient to power small electronics. A device consisting of four APCP can generate stable electricity of 3.35 V and produce clean water with an evaporation rate of 2.06 kg m -2  h -1 simultaneously. This work provides insights into the fabrication of multifunctional fabrics for multisource energy harvesting and simultaneous solar steam generation., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The competitive adsorption behavior, the synergistic catalytic reaction, and deactivation mechanisms under double components of sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a bridge to solve their actual pollution problems. However, they are still unknown. Herein, simultaneous catalytic decomposition of methyl mercaptan (CH 3 SH) and ethyl mercaptan (C 2 H 5 SH) is investigated over lanthanum (La)-modified ZSM-5, and kinetic and thermodynamic results confirm a great difference in the adsorption property and catalytic transformation behavior. Meanwhile, the new synergistic reaction and deactivation mechanisms are revealed at the molecular level by combining with in situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy ( in situ DRIFTS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The CH 3 CH 2 * and SH* groups are presented in decomposing C 2 H 5 SH, while the new species of CH 2 *, active H* and S*, instead of CH 3 * and SH*, are proved as the key elementary groups in decomposing CH 3 SH. The competitive recombining of SH* in C 2 H 5 SH with highly active H* in dimethyl sulfide (CH 3 SCH 3 ), an intermediate in decomposing CH 3 SH, would aggravate the deposition of carbon and sulfur. La/ZSM-5 exhibits potential environmental application due to the excellent stability of 200 h and water resistance. This work gives an understanding of the adsorption, catalysis, reaction, and deactivation mechanisms for decomposing double components of sulfur-containing VOCs.

A two-step hydrothermal route was employed to fabricate a ZnMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid supported on Ni foam. The ZnMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid shows a three-dimensional criss-crossed structure. The specific surface area is enhanced from 45 m 2 g -1 of ZnMoO 4 to 67 m 2 g -1 of the ZnMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid. Furthermore, the existence of electroactive CoO is in favor of reducing the charge transport resistance. The ZnMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid electrode possesses a high capacitance of 4.47 F cm -2 at 2 mA cm -2 , which is much higher than those of ZnMoO 4 (1.07 F cm -2 ) and CoO (2.47 F cm -2 ). The ZnMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid electrode also exhibits an ultrahigh cycling stability with 100.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 20 mA cm -2 . In addition, an asymmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor was assembled using the ZnMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid as the positive electrode and exfoliated graphite carbon paper as the negative electrode. The asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits a superior energy density of 58.6 W h kg -1 at a power density of 800 W kg -1 and a considerable cycling stability with 81.8% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 5 A g -1 . The ZnMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid demonstrates its tremendous advantages and possibilities as a positive electrode material in energy storage applications. Moreover, for a better understanding of the electrochemical behavior, a combined study of experimental measurements and density functional theory calculations is also applied to illustrate the high-performance of the ZnMoO 4 /CoO nanohybrid.