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IntroductionContinuous cropping obstacle seriously affects the quality and yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza, and the synergistic effect of root exudates and rhizosphere pathogenic microorganisms may be an important cause of continuous cropping obstacle. This study aimed to explore the effects of representative organic acids on the growth and metabolism of specific microorganisms in the S. miltiorrhiza rhizosphere soil under continuous cropping, and clarify its mechanism.MethodsThe effect of phthalic acid (PA) on the growth and metabolism of Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated by mycelial growth inhibition method. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify the differential metabolites of R. solani induced by exogenous PA.ResultsPA exerted a concentration-dependent effect on mycelial growth, biomass, intracellular polysaccharides con-tent, and total protein content in R. solani. A total of 1773 metabolites and 1040 differential metabolites were identified in the blank medium (CK), Fungi (CK + fungi), and PA-Fungi (CK + fungi + acid) groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the differential metabolites were mainly involved in the sugar, lipid, and protein metabolic pathways related to stable membrane structure and cell growth.DiscussionThe proliferation and metabolism network of R. solani induced by PA was proposed, and the enhancement of sugar, lipid, and amino acid metabolism was presumed to be related to the active resistance of cells to organic acid stress. These results offer new in-sights into the effects of PA metabolism on promoting R. solani proliferation, and provide theoretical support for further optimizing the rhizosphere microecological environment of Salvia miltiorrhiza continuous cropping soil and reducing continuous cropping obstacle.

The effects of different substrates on the off-state leakage current in gallium nitride (GaN) planar diodes are experimentally demonstrated and studied by analyzing temperature-dependent current–voltage characteristics. The two devices exhibit different leakage mechanisms despite being subjected to the same process conditions. The device with a sapphire substrate shows a more intricate leakage mechanism, implying the presence of additional leakage channels compared to the device with free-standing substrates. The electrical leakage characteristics in the planar GaN-on-sapphire device (referred to as utemp-SBD) and GaN substrate device (referred to as usub-SBD) Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) can be described by two distinct processes as the reverse bias gradually increases: utemp-SBD go through the thermionic emission (TE), variable range hopping (VRH), Frenkel–Poole (FP) emission and space-charge-limited conduction (SCLC) model; The leakage conduction mechanism of usub-SBD include TE, VRH, and FP emission mechanisms. It is noteworthy that in device 1, there is a rapid increase in leakage current within the voltage range of −36 to −40 V, primarily driven by the SCLC mechanism. This effect arises due to the presence of intrinsic traps in GaN grown on a heterogeneous substrate. Additionally, in the voltage range of −7 to −50 V (348 K to 448 K), the leakage mechanism shifts from FP emission to the VRH model, possibly due to variations in the Schottky barrier height.This study provides an in-depth analysis of the leakage mechanisms observed on different substrates and offers valuable insights for the design of planar gate transistors to minimize or avoid the occurrence of leakage channels.

In intelligent lithium-ion battery management, the state of health (SOH) of battery is essential for the batteries’ running in electric vehicles. Popularly, the battery SOH is estimated by using suitable features and data-driven methods. However, it is difficult to extract appropriate features characterizing battery SOH from the charging and discharging data of batteries owing to various state of charges (SOCs) and working conditions of batteries. In order to effectively estimate the battery SOH, an estimation method based on gradual decreasing current, double correlation analysis and gated recurrent unit (GRU) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, gradual decreasing current in the constant voltage charging phase is measured as the raw data. Then, the double correlation analysis method is proposed to select combined features characterizing the battery SOH from different categories of features. Meanwhile, the number of input features is also ensured by the method. Finally, the GRU algorithm is employed to set up a SOH estimation model whose learning rate is improved by using a sparrow search algorithm (SSA) for the purpose of capturing the hidden relationship between features and SOH. The adaptability of the proposed method is validated by SOH estimation experiments of a single battery and a battery pack. Additionally, contrast experiments are performed to show the advanced estimation performance of the proposed method.

Knowledge graph represents empirical knowledge based on structured triples, which can effectively describe the semantic relationships between real-world entities.Knowledge graph has become a critical standard technology of the new generation of artificial intelligence.The development, typical applications of multi-source knowledge graphs, and problems of knowledge collaboration were summarized.A multi-source knowledge graph collaboration framework based on ACP approach, i.e., parallel reasoning, was proposed, which realized the extraction, fusion, completion, and unbiased application of multi-source heterogeneous knowledge based on artificial systems, computational experiments, and parallel execution.In the end, simulation experiments were conducted on power grid dispatching to evaluate the effectiveness of parallel learning for solving the management and control problems of complex systems.

With the development of technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality, digital technology is continuously changing and enriching human experiences and production methods, and has become a powerful tool for controlling and managing complex systems.Metaverses and parallel systems provide feasible ways for the construction of digital systems and have gained much attention in scientific research and industrial applications.The development status of the metaverses and parallel systems were reviewed, the differences and connections between them were analyzed, and their future development was prospected, which was expected to provide reference and inspiration for the development of intelligent industries, intelligent economies, and intelligent societies.

Abstract Based on a cross-river tunnel of Wuhan Metro Line 8, we present a two-dimensional discrete element model for shield attitude adjustment considering the effect of overbreak cutters. The shield shell mechanics under the influence of over-excavation rate, over-excavation orientations, and overburden load are simulated, and the tunneling mechanics law and the ultimate range during the adjustment of the shield attitude are investigated. The simulation results indicate the following: (1) The greater the over-excavation rate, the smaller the force exerted by the soil layer in the negative direction of the shield movement; therefore, increasing the over-excavation rate is helpful in expanding the range of shield attitude adjustment. (2) The shield is stressed symmetrically while conducting positive and negative horizontal adjustments in the soil layer, which has a symmetrical distribution, but vertical upward adjustment is more difficult than vertical downward adjustment. (3) With the increase in overburden load, the space of the shield attitude adjustment is gradually reduced at the same over-excavation rate. A good engineering application was achieved in this project using the simulation model. It is recommended to use the attitude adjustment method by controlling the tunneling parameters. In difficult situations such as high overlying loads, the over-excavation cutter can be used to assist in adjusting the shield attitude.

The separation and transport of photogenerated carriers is regarded as a curial factor in photocatalytic H2 production. As known in solar cells and photoelectron-chemistry, to strengthen the electron conduction for effective utilization of carriers, the electron transport material (ETM) is widely applied. Herein, inspired by the function of ETM, we adopted barium stannate (BaSnO3, labeled as BSO) as an excellent ETM which had the merits of high electron mobility, suitable conduction band position and simple preparation, to adjust the carrier kinetics of dye Eosin Y (EY)-sensitized photocatalytic system. Detailly, the photocatalytic system with the spatial separation sites of photogenerated carriers excitation and water reduction reaction was elaborately constructed, that was, dye EY-sensitized BSO (EY/BSO) for photocatalytic H2 production. The photocatalytic H2-production rate of EY/BSO (257 μmol·h−1·gEY−1) in the absence of noble metals was 28.6 times higher than that of single EY (∼9 μmol·h−1·gEY−1) under visible-light irradiation. With systematic and comprehensive characterizations, the formed electron transport channel by the bidentate bridging of EY on BSO could accelerate the transfer of photogenerated electrons from EY to BSO, promoting the effective separation of photogenerated carriers for the enhanced photocatalytic performance. Moreover, the water reduction reaction for H2 production proceeded on the surface of BSO that acted as the H2-evolution cocatalyst, avoiding the use of high-cost noble metals. Furthermore, based on the well-proved ETM-based concept in the EY/BSO system, La-doped BaSnO3 (LBSO) with better electron transport ability was adopted to construct EY/LBSO system (344 μmol·h−1·gEY−1) which showed better photocatalytic activity than EY/BSO.

Abstract Background and objective Whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with worse prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with or without prior stroke remains unclear. We investigated the association of OSA with cardiovascular events in ACS patients with or without prior stroke. Methods Between June 2015 and January 2020, we prospectively recruited eligible ACS patients who underwent cardiorespiratory polygraphy during hospitalization. We defined OSA as an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 events/hour. The primary composite end point was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemia-driven revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Results Among 1927 patients enrolled, 207 patients had prior stroke (10.7%) and 1014 had OSA (52.6%). After a mean follow-up of 2.9 years, patients with stroke had significantly higher risk of MACCEs than those without stroke (hazard ratio [HR]:1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.98, P = 0.007). The multivariate analysis showed that patients with OSA had 2.0 times the risk of MACCEs in prior stroke group (41 events [33.9%] vs 18 events [20.9%]; HR:2.04, 95% CI:1.13–3.69, P = 0.018), but not in non-prior stroke group (186 events [20.8%] vs 144 events [17.4]; HR:1.21, 95% CI 0.96–1.52, P = 0.10). No significant interaction was noted between prior stroke and OSA for MACCE (interaction P = 0.17). Conclusions Among ACS patients, the presence of OSA was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with prior stroke. Further trials exploring the efficacy of OSA treatment in high-risk patients with ACS and prior stroke are warranted. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03362385.

Highlights Large-area production of self-standing graphene nanofilm (~ 20 cm) through a clean ‘substrate replacement’ strategy. Realizing highly crystalline graphene nanofilms without micro-gasbags by introducing polymers. The graphene nanofilms demonstrate a solid light–matter interaction (photoelectric conversion in the mid-infrared and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding in X-band) with performance beyond state-of-the-art graphene/silicon diodes and EMI materials.

Objective: The present study was to explore the protective effects of the anthocyanidin extract of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HRAE) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced by oxidative damage in H1299 cells and its mechanism. Methods: The H2O2-induced oxidative damage in H1299 cells was established. MTT assay was used to detect the cell viability of HRAE. Then the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorescence probe DCFH-DA. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined respectively by kit. Also the expression of proteins heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were tested. At last, the research collaboratory for structural bioinformatics (RCSB) protein data bank and AutoDock software were used to verify the molecular docking between epicatechin and Nrf2, the key target protein of oxidative stress. Results: MTT assay showed that HRAE had no effect on cell viability in the range of 0~800µg/mL (P>0.05). Compared with model group, MDA level was decreased, while SOD, CAT and GSH-Px protein expression levels increased significantly in drug administration group (P

Shotcrete mortar is an imperative material for tunnel surface supporting. The mine environment with different temperature affects the mechanical development of mortar, resulting in a difficult to predict its compressive strength development at high temperature. In this investigation, the compressive strength, hydration heat, mineral evolution, pore content of mortar samples at 20 and 60 °C, containing partial steel slag powder, were comprehensively compared by experiment and simulation in order to provide a reliable approach for underground materials compressive strength prediction. Results show that the compressive strength development of the samples cured at 20 and 60 °C, is consisted with the corresponding cumulative hydration heat, and the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.96. The hydrates and heat of the samples are significantly affected by the cement type, mineral admixture, and temperature. Indeed, increasing temperature significantly accelerates the minerals’ hydration and heat release. Combining the composition, pore and single mineral hydration heat simulation, the mortar compressive strength development of the mortar in deep mine can be predicted by a thermodynamic model.

Injectable hydrogel is suitable for the repair of lacunar bone deficiency. This study fabricated an injectable, self-adaptive silk fibroin/mesoporous bioglass/sodium alginate (SMS) composite hydrogel system. With controllable and adjustable physical and chemical properties, the SMS hydrogel could be easily optimized adaptively to different clinical applications. The SMS hydrogel effectively showed great injectability and shapeability, allowing defect filling with no gap. Moreover, the SMS hydrogel displayed self-adaptability in mechanical reinforcement and degradation, responsive to the concentration of Ca2+ and inflammatory-like pH value in the microenvironment of bone deficiency, respectively. In vitro biological studies indicated that SMS hydrogel could promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. The SMS hydrogel also could improve migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Investigations of the crosstalk between osteoblasts and macrophages confirmed that SMS hydrogel could regulate macrophage polarization from M1 to M2, which could create a specific favorable environment to induce new bone formation and angiogenesis. Meanwhile, SMS hydrogel was proved to be antibacterial, especially for gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, in vivo study indicated that SMS could be easily applied for maxillary sinus elevation, inducing sufficient new bone formation. Thus, it is convincing that SMS hydrogel could be potent in a simple, minimally invasive and efficient treatment for the repair of lacunar bone deficiency.

In this study, the adaptive finite-time leader-following consensus control for multi-agent systems (MASs) subjected to unknown time-varying actuator faults is reported based on dynamic event-triggering mechanism (DETM). Neural networks (NNs) are used to approximate unknown nonlinear functions. Command filter and compensating signal mechanism are introduced to alleviate the computational burden. Unlike the existing methods, by combining adaptive backstepping method with DETM, a novel finite time control strategy is presented, which can compensate the actuator efficiency successfully, reduce the update frequency of the controller and save resources. At the same time, under the proposed strategy, it is guaranteed that all followers can track the trajectory of the leader in the sense that consensus errors converge to a neighborhood of the origin in finite time, and all signals in the closed-loop system are bounded. Finally, the availability of the designed strategy is validated by two simulation results.

Abstract Background The CRISPR-Cas13 system is an RNA-guided RNA-targeting system and has been widely used in transcriptome engineering with potentially important clinical applications. However, it is still controversial whether Cas13 exhibits collateral activity in mammalian cells. Results Here, we find that knocking down gene expression using RfxCas13d in the adult brain neurons caused death of mice, which may result from the collateral activity of RfxCas13d rather than the loss of target gene function or off-target effects. Mechanistically, we show that RfxCas13d exhibits collateral activity in mammalian cells, which is positively correlated with the abundance of target RNA. The collateral activity of RfxCas13d could cleave 28s rRNA into two fragments, leading to translation attenuation and activation of the ZAKα-JNK/p38-immediate early gene pathway. Conclusions These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the collateral activity of RfxCas13d in mammalian cells and warn that the biosafety of the CRISPR-Cas13 system needs further evaluation before application to clinical treatments.

The chloroplast genome of Zingiber striolatum Diels was sequenced using the MGI paired-end sequencing method and assembled. The chloroplast genome was 163,711 bp in length, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,205 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 15,750 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 29,752 bp. The overall GC content was 36.1%, whereas the corresponding value in the IR regions was 41.1%, which was higher than that in the LSC region (33.8%) and SSC region (29.6%). A total of 136 complete genes were annotated in the chloroplast genome of Z. striolatum, including 87 protein-coding genes (79 protein-coding gene species), 40 tRNA genes (29 tRNA species), and 8 rRNA genes (4 rRNA species). A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method, and the results showed that the phylogeny of Zingiber was well resolved with high support values, and Z. striolatum was sister to Z. mioga. The assembly and sequence analysis of the chloroplast genome can provide a basis for developing high-resolution genetic makers.

The high-pressure rotary jet pile construction method has been widely used in airport projects, particularly in regions with soft soil foundations, such as coastal areas. The method’s primary aim is to establish a sound foundation bearing capacity. However, the conventional machinery used in constructing high-pressure rotary jet piles lacks automation. Therefore, it is necessary to find a method to achieve automatic monitoring of the construction quality of high-pressure rotary jet pile. To achieve real-time quality control in high-pressure rotary jet pile construction, the development of high-pressure rotary jet pile construction data acquisition and monitoring equipment is made possible by integrating key technologies such as the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), the Internet of Things and massive data processing. The acquisition and storage of crucial construction parameters, such as the drilling position, drill rod verticality, drilled hole depth, grouting pressure, grouting lifting speed and grouting volume for high-pressure rotary jet piles is successfully implemented in this paper. A large amount of actual construction data is collected through an on-site application, and the construction quality of the high-pressure rotary jet pile machine is monitored and analyzed using geographic information system (GIS) technology. Actual applications demonstrate that the proposed digital monitoring model and method for rotary jet pile construction quality control is viable, improves the on-site management level and efficiency and has significant future value.

The direct-drive actuator of permanent magnet synchronous motor is an innovative application of servo technology in the field of high-voltage circuit breaker, which can drive the movable contact of high-voltage switch to complete the breaking and closing operation according to the optimal path. At present, the travel curve of motor direct-drive actuator cannot match the mechanism and system characteristics effectively, and there is no systematic planning method. To address the travel curve planning of motor direct-drive actuator, a travel curve planning method based on polynomial model and multi-objective optimization is proposed. Firstly, the kinematic and kinetic models of motor direct-drive actuator loads are established, then the polynomial model is used to generate the travel curve clusters, and finally, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is constructed based on the motor direct-drive actuator and circuit breaker operation indexes, and the multi-objective optimization algorithm weights are optimized by combining with particle swarm algorithm, and the best travel curve is selected. Simulation and experimental studies show that the method can achieve stable and reliable operation of the motor direct-drive operating mechanism, and can achieve 11.2% energy consumption optimization compared with existing methods, improve the overall power density of the system, and further reduce the overall running time and extend the service life of the dynamic contacts during continuous operation.

While reinforcement learning produces very promising results for many applications, its main disadvantage is the lack of safety guarantees, which prevents its use in safety-critical systems. In this work, we address this issue by a safety shield for nonlinear continuous systems that solve reach-avoid tasks. Our safety shield prevents applying potentially unsafe actions from a reinforcement learning agent by projecting the proposed action to the closest safe action. This approach is called action projection and is implemented via mixed-integer optimization. The safety constraints for action projection are obtained by applying parameterized reachability analysis using polynomial zonotopes, which enables to accurately capture the nonlinear effects of the actions on the system. In contrast to other state-of-the-art approaches for action projection, our safety shield can efficiently handle input constraints and dynamic obstacles, eases incorporation of the spatial robot dimensions into the safety constraints, guarantees robust safety despite process noise and measurement errors, and is well suited for high-dimensional systems, as we demonstrate on several challenging benchmark systems.

To elucidate the relationship between sociality and longevity, the authors perform phylogenetic and transcriptomic comparative analysis of mammals. They find that group-living species lived longer than solitary species and identify 31 genes, hormones, and immunity-related pathways involved in this connection.

Abstract Background Neuroinflammation constitutes a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Still, it remains unresolved if peripheral inflammatory markers can be utilized for research purposes similar to blood-based beta-amyloid and neurodegeneration measures. We investigated experimental inflammation markers in serum and analyzed interrelations towards AD pathology features in a cohort with a focus on at-risk stages of AD. Methods Data of 74 healthy controls (HC), 99 subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 75 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 23 AD relatives, and 38 AD subjects were obtained from the DELCODE cohort. A panel of 20 serum biomarkers was determined using immunoassays. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, APOE status, and body mass index and included correlations between serum and CSF marker levels and AD biomarker levels. Group-wise comparisons were based on screening diagnosis and routine AD biomarker-based schematics. Structural imaging data were combined into composite scores representing Braak stage regions and related to serum biomarker levels. The Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite (PACC5) score was used to test for associations between the biomarkers and cognitive performance. Results Each experimental marker displayed an individual profile of interrelations to AD biomarkers, imaging, or cognition features. Serum-soluble AXL (sAXL), IL-6, and YKL-40 showed the most striking associations. Soluble AXL was significantly elevated in AD subjects with pathological CSF beta-amyloid/tau profile and negatively related to structural imaging and cognitive function. Serum IL-6 was negatively correlated to structural measures of Braak regions, without associations to corresponding IL-6 CSF levels or other AD features. Serum YKL-40 correlated most consistently to CSF AD biomarker profiles and showed the strongest negative relations to structure, but none to cognitive outcomes. Conclusions Serum sAXL, IL-6, and YKL-40 relate to different AD features, including the degree of neuropathology and cognitive functioning. This may suggest that peripheral blood signatures correspond to specific stages of the disease. As serum markers did not reflect the corresponding CSF protein levels, our data highlight the need to interpret serum inflammatory markers depending on the respective protein’s specific biology and cellular origin. These marker-specific differences will have to be considered to further define and interpret blood-based inflammatory profiles for AD research.

Abstract A new building filling materials (NBFM) using phosphogypsum and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is prepared in this paper. The effects of MSWI fly ash dosage and MSWI fly ash water washing pretreatment on mechanical properties, setting time, metal leaching, hydration products and microstructure of NBFM are analyzed by a range of experimental studies. The results indicate that the mechanical properties, setting time and the density of micro interface of NBFM are optimal when the MSWI fly ash dosage is 3%. The mechanical properties of NBFM rise and the condensation time and leaching concentration of heavy metals decline after washing the MSWI fly ash. With the increase of the curing age, the metal element leaching of NBFM decreases, and when the curing age is 7 days, the solidification effect of NBFM on most metal elements meets the standard of Chinese code (GB5085.3-2007). The feasibility of MSWI fly ash and phosphogypsum as filling materials for building engineering is verified, and the change of macroscopic properties of NBFM is explained as well.

Abstract Background Recent seminal studies have revealed that endosomal reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote rather than inhibit viral infection. Some ROS generators, including shikonin and H2O2, have the potential to enhance recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) transduction. However, the impact of ROS on rAAV intracellular trafficking remains unclear. Methods To understand the effects of ROS on the transduction of rAAV vectors, especially the rAAV subcellular distribution profiles, this study systematically explored the effect of ROS on each step of rAAV intracellular trafficking pathway using fluorescently-labeled rAAV and qPCR quantification determination. Results The results showed promoted in-vivo and in-vitro rAAV transduction by ROS exposure, regardless of vector serotype or cell type. ROS treatment directed rAAV intracellular trafficking towards a more productive pathway by upregulating the expression of cathepsins B and L, accelerating the rAAV transit in late endosomes, and increasing the rAAV nucleus entry. Conclusions These data support that ROS generative drugs, such as shikonin, have the potential to promote rAAV vector transduction by promoting rAAV’s escape from late endosomes, and enhancing its productive trafficking to the nucleus.

This paper studies the continuous Cucker–Smale model with time-varying topological structures and reaction-type delay. The goal of this paper is to establish a sufficient framework for flocking behaviors. Our method combines strict Lyapunov design with the derivation of an appropriate persistence condition for multi-agent systems. First, to prove that position fluctuations are uniformly bounded, a strict and trajectory-dependent Lyapunov functional is constructed via reparametrization of the time variable. Then, by constructing a global Lyapunov functional and using a novel backward-forward estimate, it is deduced that velocity fluctuations converge to zero. Finally, flocking behaviors are analyzed separately in terms of time delays and communication failures.

[Introduction] The foundation of a large H-class gas turbine usually has multiple disturbing forces, and the vibration displacement of the mass points is obtained by the square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS) method, but the vibration displacement obtained by the SRSS method is not the maximum possible displacement. The research aims to analyze all possible vibration displacements and study the reliability probability of the SRSS method. [Method] A three-dimensional finite element model was established for the foundation of a H-class gas turbine in high position, the unidirectional disturbing forces separately applied on mass points were analyzed, and the vibration displacement of the mass points was calculated by the SRSS method. It was proposed to apply the bidirectional disturbing forces on the mass points separately. Considering the uncertainty of angle between the disturbing forces at the mass points, the linear superposition method was used to calculate all possible vibration displacements and analyze their statistical probability distribution. [Result] The combined value of the lateral vibration displacement of mass point 10 of the H-class gas turbine at 40.75 Hz by the SRSS method is 16.40 μm, and the maximum possible lateral vibration displacement value is 24.18 μm. The reliability probability of the SRSS method is about 50%. [Conclusion] The multi-point vibration displacement value obtained based on the SRSS method is not the maximum value, and the method has a certain reliability probability. For particularly sensitive or important dynamic foundation analysis, the reliability probability of the method should be controlled, and it can be improved by increasing the margin.

Abstract Background Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by mutations in the Serine-Threonine Kinase 11 (STK11) gene. This study aimed to diagnose a Chinese pedigree with PJS and to expand the spectrum of STK11 variants. Methods We performed an inductive analysis of clinical features, gastrointestinal endoscopy, radiologic imaging, and pathological findings in a Chinese family with PJS. Whole-exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, and STK11 protein 3D structure prediction were performed for establishing a molecular diagnosis. Results The proband, her mother, and grandfather presented with pigmentation spots on lips, oral mucosa, and fingers. Her mother and grandfather also had pigmentation spots on face and feet, while her brother had pigmentation spots only on the lower lip. On endoscopy, polyps were discovered in the proband, her mother, and grandfather. A novel heterozygous mutation (c.521A > C) in exon 4 of STK11 was identified in all four patients, leading to a change from histidine to proline in amino acid 174. The variable site p.H174 was highly conserved in different species on multiple sequence alignment analysis. Conclusions We diagnosed a Chinese pedigree with PJS based on clinical features, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and genetic testing results. Our results expanded the spectrum of STK11 variants, which will be helpful for genetic counseling.

Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) have emerged as one of the most promising immune checkpoint targets for cancer immunotherapy. Despite the inherent advantages of small-molecule inhibitors over antibodies, the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors has fallen behind that of antibody drugs. Based on docking studies between small molecule inhibitor and PD-L1 protein, changing the chemical linker of inhibitor from a flexible chain to an aromatic ring may improve its binding capacity to PD-L1 protein, which was not reported before. A series of novel phthalimide derivatives from structure-based rational design was synthesized. P39 was identified as the best inhibitor with promising activity, which not only inhibited PD-1/PD-L1 interaction (IC50 = 8.9 nmol/L), but also enhanced killing efficacy of immune cells on cancer cells. Co-crystal data demonstrated that P39 induced the dimerization of PD-L1 proteins, thereby blocking the binding of PD-1/PD-L1. Moreover, P39 exhibited a favorable safety profile with a LD50 > 5000 mg/kg and showed significant in vivo antitumor activity through promoting CD8+ T cell activation. All these data suggest that P39 acts as a promising small chemical inhibitor against the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and has the potential to improve the immunotherapy efficacy of T-cells.

Abstract Background Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is one of the fatal pathologies developed under hypobaric hypoxia and eventually leads to right ventricular (RV) remodeling and RV failure. Clinically, the mortality rate of RV failure caused by HPH is high and lacks effective drugs. Xinyang Tablet (XYT), a traditional Chinese medicine exhibits significant efficacy in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac dysfunction. However, the effects of XYT on chronic hypoxia-induced RV failure are not clear. Methods The content of XYT was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were housed in a hypobaric chamber (equal to the parameter in altitude 5500 m) for 21 days to obtain the RV remodeling model. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and hemodynamic parameters were measured by iWorx Acquisition & Analysis System. Pathological morphological changes in the RV and pulmonary vessels were observed by H&E staining and Masson’s trichrome staining. Myocardial apoptosis was tested by TUNEL assay. Protein expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in the RV and H9c2 cells were detected by western blot. Meanwhile, H9c2 cells were induced by CoCl2 to establish a hypoxia injury model to verify the protective effect and mechanisms of XYT. A CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the viability of H9c2 cells. CoCl2-induced apoptosis was detected by Annexin-FITC/PI flow cytometry and Hoechst 33,258 staining. Results XYT remarkably improved RV hemodynamic disorder and ECG parameters. XYT attenuated hypoxia-induced pathological injury in RV and pulmonary vessels. We also observed that XYT treatment decreased the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and the numbers of myocardial apoptosis in RV. In H9c2 myocardial hypoxia model, XYT protected H9c2 cells against Cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced apoptosis. We also found that XYT could antagonize CoCl2-induced apoptosis through upregulating Bcl-2, inhibiting Bax and caspase-3 expression. Conclusions We concluded that XYT improved hypoxia-induced RV remodeling and protected against cardiac injury by inhibiting apoptosis pathway in vivo and vitro models, which may be a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical management of hypoxia-induced cardiac injury.

Abstract Background Colon cancer is one of the most common diagnosed malignancies. Despite the use of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other comprehensive treatments, distant metastasis is still one of the main causes for dying of colon cancer. The common metastatic site of colon cancer is the liver, lung, and bone. In this article, we report a rare case of breast metastasis of signet ring cell carcinoma from the colon. Case presentation A 44-year-old woman was diagnosed with colon cancer and received a radical surgery of colon cancer in 2019. Combined with postoperative pathological and computed tomography (CT) images, a diagnosis of cT3N2M0 mucinous adenocarcinoma of colon (according to AJCC cancer staging manual, Version 8) was established. Adjuvant chemotherapy (XELOX: oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 plus capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks for 18 weeks) was performed followed by surgical resection. Fourteen months later, the patient underwent mastectomy for breast mass, which was diagnosed pathologically as metastasis of signet ring cell carcinoma from the colon. XELOX chemotherapy regimen (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 plus capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks for 24 weeks) combined with bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg on day 1) was used after the mastectomy. The patient had stable disease according to her last examination (RECIST criteria). Conclusion It is rare to find a report of a patient of colon cancer that metastasizes to breast. We hope to increase treatment experience for patients with this rare metastasis.

Methods for jointly analysing the different spatial data modalities in 3D are lacking. Here the authors report the computational framework STACI (Spatial Transcriptomic data using over-parameterized graph-based Autoencoders with Chromatin Imaging data) which they apply to an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model.

Objective To compare the risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis with and without the associated acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods We performed a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for observational studies that were done on patients with cirrhosis. Eligible studies reported AKI in patients with cirrhosis and compared mortality among patients with and without AKI. We used a random-effects model, using STATA version 16.0, for deriving pooled effect sizes that were reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results Thirty-two studies were included. In patients with cirrhosis, AKI was significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality (OR 5.92), and mortality at 30 days (OR 4.78), 90 days (OR 4.34), and at 1 year follow-up (OR 4.82) compared to patients without AKI.Conclusions AKI is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Careful monitoring to identify the development of AKI and early prompt management is necessary.

Sparrow search algorithm (SSA) suffers from a tendency to fall into local optima, as well as a preference for zero locations. Therefore, to improve this drawback, we propose a non-uniform mutation sparrow search algorithm (NMSSA). In the initialization stage of the population, we introduce a tent chaos map and a generalized opposition-based learning strategy to improve the diversity of the population; We introduce adaptive weight to dynamically adjust the search range of the discoverer to improve the search efficiency of the algorithm; To prevent the algorithm from deviating from the target in the early stage, we adopt a non-uniform mutation strategy to improve the flexibility of the follower search to improve the convergence accuracy of the algorithm. Finally, we use the somersault strategy to reduce the probability of the algorithm falling into local optimum. In the test experiments with 10 benchmark functions and CEC2017 functions, we compare the experimental results of NMSSA with those of other algorithms, and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of NMSSA. In addition, we also applied NMSSA to engineering problems optimization and K-means image segmentation, and the experimental results show that NMSSA has good performance in practical applications.

Roburic acid (ROB) is a naturally occurred tetracyclic triterpenoid, and the anticancer activity of this compound has not been reported. Docetaxel (DOC) is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for advanced stage prostate cancer but toxic side effects and drug resistance limit its clinical success. In this study, the potential synergistic anticancer effect and the underlying mechanisms of ROB in combination with DOC on prostate cancer were investigated. The results showed that ROB and DOC in combination synergistically inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells. The combination also strongly induced apoptosis, and suppressed cell migration, invasion and sphere formation. Mechanistic study showed that the combined effects of ROB and DOC on prostate cancer cells were associated with inhibition of NF-κB activation, down regulation of Bcl-2 and up regulation of Bax. Knockdown of NF-κB by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly decreased the combined effect of ROB and DOC. Moreover, we found that esomeprazole (ESOM), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), strongly enhanced the effectiveness of ROB and DOC on prostate cancer cells in acidic culture medium. Since acidic micro environment is known to impair the efficacy of current anticancer therapies, ESOM combined with ROB and DOC may be an effective approach for improving the treatment of prostate cancer patients.

Three inactivated enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) vaccines have been widely vaccinated among children in the targeted age group in mainland China since mid-2016. However, comprehensive virological surveillance of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) over multiple years after the use of EV-A71 vaccines has rarely been conducted. Using long-term data extracted from the Public Health and Clinical Center of Chengdu, we described the clinical, aetiological, and epidemiological characteristics of HFMD inpatients after the use of EV-A71 vaccines from 2017 through 2022. A total of 5115 patients were selected for analysis with a male-to-female ratio of 1.63:1 and were mostly under 5 years of age (97.6%). Among these cases, 4.3% presented with severe symptoms, and 4.1% of severe cases experienced significant complications. EV-A71 was no longer the major serotype for laboratory-confirmed HFMD, responsible for 15.6% of severe cases and 1.2% of mild cases. A significant downwards trend of EV-A71 infections was observed after the use of EV-A71 vaccines (P for trend < 0.001). Coxsackievirus A6 was the predominant pathogen, accounting for 63.5% of mild cases and 36.2% of severe cases. Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) and A16 were sporadically detected, and an upwards trend was observed in the proportion of CV-A10 infections. This study provides baseline molecular epidemiology for the evaluation of EV-A71 vaccination impact and potential serotype replacement based on HFMD inpatients. Additional nationwide and population-based epidemiologic and serologic studies are essential to elucidate HFMD dynamics after the use of EV-A71 vaccines, and to inform public health authorities to introduce optimized intervention strategies.

Bamboo filament decorated board is a new kind of bamboo and wood composite material. In this material, melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) modified resin impregnated paper is used as the bonding material between bamboo filament decoration material and finger joint plate. This research investigated the effects of hot pressing temperature, time, and pressure on surface bonding properties of bamboo filament decorated board, and the optimum process parameters were determined. With the surface bonding strength as the evaluation index, the response surface analysis was used to optimize the design of the optimal hot pressing process. The optimum surface bonding strength of 1.13 MPa was achieved with the process parameters of 130 s (hot pressing time), 148 °C (hot pressing temperature), and 2.00 MPa (hot pressing pressure). The experimental values were in good agreement with the predicted ones, and the relative error was less than 5%, showing the optimized result.

Based on the panel data of 11 coastal provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2009 to 2018, this paper used the panel simultaneous equation model to empirically investigate the impact and transmission mechanism of marine technological innovation on marine economic growth using the three-stage least squares method. The research results showed that: (1) The impact of marine scientific and technological innovation on marine economic growth had dual paths. Marine scientific and technological innovation could not only directly promote marine economic growth, but also indirectly affect marine economic growth through the upgrading of marine industrial structure; (2) Eastern and southern marine science and technology innovation and industrial structure upgrading in the marine economic circle significantly promoted marine economic growth, while marine technological innovation in the northern marine economic circle had no significant impact on marine economic growth; (3) Human capital had played a significant role in promoting marine economic growth, and the promotion effect on the northern marine economic circle was stronger. In the future, the quality of human capital should be further improved, the marine science and technology innovation system should be improved, the transformation of innovation achievements should be accelerated, and the rational upgrade of the marine industrial structure should be promoted.

Soft sensors often estimate product quality variables that are difficult to measure in real time. However, strong nonlinearity and dynamic and time-varying characteristics lead to poor prediction performance of soft sensors for the photovoltaic power generation process. This paper proposes an adaptive soft sensor model construction strategy based on extreme learning machine online semi-supervised selective ensemble learning (SEMI-SEL-ELM). Firstly, a local learning strategy based on the Spatio-temporal criterion is proposed to limit the impact of nonlinear dynamic characteristics. The unlabeled samples are then examined to provide a semi-supervised sample set reconstruction. After that, using the extreme learning machine method, a local soft sensor model is created. Furthermore, the statistical hypothesis test is used to create the statistical information of the test samples, and the t-test is utilized to acquire the quantitative local model satisfaction. Additionally, the adaptive computation of mixed weights of distinct sub-models is performed using the improved information entropy. The black hole algorithm determines the parameters of this approach automatically. Finally, the method is applied to the historical data set of a photovoltaic power station in Australia. The results show that the method effectively deals with nonlinear, dynamic, and time-varying regression problems in PV power prediction.

The IMC (interfacial intermetallic compound) produced by the metallurgical reaction between the solder and the Cu plate enables the packaging of IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) modules. In this paper, the growth behavior of IMCs of Sn58Bi/Cu and Sn58Bi-0.05AlN/Cu at different times (10, 30 and 60 min) and temperatures (200, 250 and 300 °C) was investigated, which can provide a reference for the connection of IGBT. It was shown that the interfacial IMC thickness of both solders increased with time and temperature, but the growth of interfacial IMC was suppressed for Sn58Bi solder containing 0.05 wt% AlN. The effect of AlN on the inhibition of grain growth was also observed by EBSD testing. Because of the adsorption effect of AlN nanoparticles, they can adhere to the surface of IMC layer and decrease the effective the diffusion path of unreacted Cu atoms, thereby inhibiting the growth of interfacial IMC. And the effect of AlN particles on interfacial IMC was analyzed via phase field simulation. In addition, under the heating conditions with high temperature and long time, there were fewer cracks in the solder joints containing AlN particles, compared to the Sn58Bi solder. Therefore, AlN nanoparticles can enhance the reliability of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joints.

Due to a lack of vegetable supplements in traditional infant foods, a spinach and taro puree were made to solve this problem. Effects of spinach powder addition on gelatinization of taro powder, as well as on rheological and sensory properties of spinach and taro puree when the amount of taro powder added was 5, 10 and 15 g/100 mL were investigated. The results showed that the addition of spinach powder reduced the peak viscosity, trough viscosity and final viscosity of taro powder, improved the stability of taro powder paste during high temperature processing, and inhibited the retrogradation of starch. The addition of spinach powder increased the storage modulus (G') and apparent viscosity of Spinach and Taro Puree. The sensory evaluation results showed that the addition of spinach powder improved the stirring resistance, retention and thickness of spinach and taro puree, and reduced its fluidity. Rheological properties showed the strongest positive correlation with spoon stirring resistance and the strongest negative correlation with fluidity in mouth. The rheological properties of spinach and taro puree with 10 g/100 mL of taro powder could meet the requirements of fruit and vegetable puree for infants. When developing the spinach and taro puree, the target sensory properties could be achieved by increasing the spinach content, and it would help infants consume the appropriate amount of dietary fiber.

In order to explore the effect of chlorophyll on the proliferation of specific intestinal bacteria at the bacterial species level, this study firstly explored the feasibility of flow cytometry (FCM) to count intestinal bacteria and compared it with the dilution plating method. Then, the effects of chlorophyll on the proliferation of Flavonifractor plautii, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Lactobacillus murinus were investigated by FCM. The results showed that FCM could detect live bacteria and dead bacteria at the same time. There was a good correlation between the count of live bacteria by FCM and the number of live bacteria determined by the dilution coating method (r>0.8, P

Oil–gas–water multiphase flows are widely used in petrochemical, biochemical, food chemical, mineral engineering and energy engineering. In this paper, the double-ring conductivity probe and the double-helical capacitance probe were extended to the water fraction measurement of oil–gas–water multiphase flow in the vertical pipe. The test pipe section of the multiphase flow of oil–gas–water in the vertical riser was designed. In the experiment, the self-designed double-ring conductivity probe and the corresponding signal processing circuit were used to measure the water fraction in the oil–gas–water three-phase flow. In this paper, the dynamic calibration of oil–gas–water three-phase flow was carried out under the working condition of high water fraction. Under uniform bubbly flow, with the increase of water fraction, the measurement error of the double-ring conductivity probe decreased, which can be controlled within 8% under working conditions with a water fraction of more than 90%. The results of water fraction were performed for different flow patterns in oil–gas–water multiphase flow. Under the bubbly flow pattern, the error reaches the maximum and the error is only related to the water fraction when the water fraction is about 85%. Under the slug flow pattern, the two measurement results of the double-ring conductivity probe and the double-helix capacitance probe were compared. It is found that the double-ring conductivity probe can clearly and accurately reflect the change of the flow pattern in the pipe.

Abstract Background The sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of the Late-life depression (LLD) patients in psychiatric hospitals have not been thoroughly studied in China. This study aimed to explore the psychiatric outpatient attendance of LLD patients at a psychiatric hospital in China, with a subgroup analysis, such as with or without anxiety, gender differences. Methods This retrospective study examined outpatients with LLD from January 2013 to August 2019 using data in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP-CDM) in Beijing Anding Hospital. Age, sex, number of visits, use of drugs and comorbid conditions were extracted from medical records. Results In a sample of 47,334 unipolar depression patients, 31,854 (67.30%) were women, and 15,480 (32.70%) were men. The main comorbidities of LDD are generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (83.62%) and insomnia (74.52%).Among patients with unipolar depression, of which benzodiazepines accounted for the largest proportion (77.77%), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) accounted for 59.00%, a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSAs) accounted for 36.20%. The average cost of each visit was approximately 646.27 yuan, and the cost of each visit was primarily attributed to Western medicine (22.97%) and Chinese herbal medicine (19.38%). For the cost of outpatient visits, depression comorbid anxiety group had a higher average cost than the non-anxiety group (p

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cells have obtained prominent achievement in the clinical immunotherapy of hematological malignant tumors, leading to a rapid development of cellular immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Scientists are also aware of the prospective advantages of CAR engineering in cellular immunotherapy. Due to various limitations such as the serious side effects of CAR-T therapy, researchers began to investigate other immune cells for CAR modification. Natural killer (NK) cells are critical innate immune cells with the characteristic of non-specifically recognizing target cells and with the potential to become “off-the-shelf” products. In recent years, many preclinical studies on CAR-engineered NK (CAR-NK) cells have shown their remarkable efficacy in cancer therapy and their superiority over autologous CAR-T cells. In this review, we summarize the generation, mechanisms of anti-tumor activity and unique advantages of CAR-NK cells, and then analyze some challenges and recent clinical trials about CAR-NK cells therapy. We believe that CAR-NK therapy is a promising prospect for cancer immunotherapy in the future.

Abstract Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Oral lichen planus (OLP) mainly appears as oral mucosal reticular or ulcerative lesions with an unknown etiology. We aimed to explore the immunomodulatory effect of paeoniflorin (PF) in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the potential involvement of Th1/Th2 cytokines in OLP. The effects of paeoniflorin on the proliferation and migration of MSCs were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and Transwell assays. MSCs were subjected to osteogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic induction followed by Alizarin red, oil red O, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence assays. We found that paeoniflorin promoted the proliferation, migration and multilineage differentiation of MSCs from OLP lesions (OLP-MSCs) in vitro. Paeoniflorin pretreatment increased the inhibitory effect of OLP-MSCs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, paeoniflorin-pretreated OLP-MSCs simultaneously decreased Th1 cytokine levels and increased Th2 cytokine levels in T lymphocyte cocultures. Finally, paeoniflorin-pretreated OLP-MSCs also promoted the Th1/Th2 balance both in vitro and in the serum of mice that received skin allografts. In conclusion, paeoniflorin enhanced MSC immunomodulation and changed the inflammatory microenvironment via T lymphocytes, suggesting that the improvement of OLP-MSCs is a promising therapeutic approach for OLP.

Abstract Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a modifiable risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with high prevalence but low diagnostic rates. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop strategies for better screening for OSA in newly admitted ACS patients. Methods From March 2017 to October 2019, consecutive eligible patients with ACS underwent cardiorespiratory polygraphy during hospitalization. OSA was defined as an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 events/h. All anthropometric and oropharyngeal parameters are measured by specialist nurses. Results Finally, 761 ACS patients were recruited in the present study. Prevalence of moderate/severe OSA was 53.2% based on diagnostic criteria of AHI ≥ 15. Correlation analysis illustrated that AHI was positively correlated with anthropometric characteristics. In the multivariate model, only micrognathia (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.02–4.00, P = 0.044), waist circumference (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.11, P

This study aims to achieve synergistic strength-ductility enhancement of semi-solid squeeze cast 6TiB2/Al–17Si–4Cu composites through in-situ particle strengthening and T6 heat treatment. The microstructure and mechanical properties of 6TiB2/Al–17Si–4Cu composites with different heat treatments were investigated. TiB2 particles are semi-coherent with α-Al and primary Si, respectively. The nanoscale precipitate phases were determined by their crystal orientation relationships. The results showed that they are θ and θʹ phases. Meanwhile, the research results pertaining to the mechanical properties imply that the strength and ductility are enhanced by the TiB2 particles and Al2Cu precipitates. The optimum heat treatment process (solution treatment for 9 h at 520 °C and aging for 8 h at 170 °C) of strengthened 6TiB2/Al–17Si–4Cu composites is revealed in this study, when the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the composites are 263.3 MPa and 0.51%, respectively. The mechanisms governing the enhanced strength and ductility of 6TiB2/Al–17Si–4Cu composites were discussed.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper aims to model interaction relationship of traffic agents for motion prediction, which is critical for autonomous driving. It is obvious that traffic agents’ trajectories are influenced by physical lane rules and agents’ social interactions. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors propose the social relation and physical lane aggregator for multimodal motion prediction, where the social relations of agents are mainly captured with graph convolutional networks and self-attention mechanism and then fused with the physical lane via the self-attention mechanism. Findings – The proposed methods are evaluated on the Waymo Open Motion Dataset, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed two feature aggregation modules for trajectory prediction. Originality/value – This paper proposes a new design method to extract traffic interactions, and the attention mechanism is used in each part of the model to extract and fuse different relational features, which is different from other methods and improves the accuracy of the LSTM-based trajectory prediction method.

Policy conflicts may cause substantial economic losses. Although a large amount of effort has been spent on detecting intra-domain policy conflict, it can not detect conflicts of heterogeneous policies. In this paper, considering background knowledge, we propose a conflict detection mechanism to search and locate conflicts of heterogeneous policies. First, we propose a general access control model to describe authorization mechanisms of cloud service and a translation scheme designed to translate a cloud service policy to an Extensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) policy. Then the scheme based on Multi-terminal Multi-data-type Interval Decision Diagram (MTMIDD) and Extended MTMIDD (X-MTMIDD) is designed to represent XACML policy and search the conflict among heterogeneous policies. To reduce the rate of false positives, the description logic is used to represent XACML policy and eliminate false conflicts. Experimental results show the efficiency of our scheme.

Accurate, efficient, and timely yield estimation is critical for crop variety breeding and management optimization. However, the contributions of proximal sensing data characteristics (spectral, temporal, and spatial) to yield estimation have not been systematically evaluated. We collected long-term, hyper-temporal, and large-volume light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and multispectral data to (i) identify the best machine learning method and prediction stage for wheat yield estimation, (ii) characterize the contribution of multisource data fusion and the dynamic importance of structural and spectral traits to yield estimation, and (iii) elucidate the contribution of time-series data fusion and 3D spatial information to yield estimation. Wheat yield could be accurately (R2 = 0.891) and timely (approximately-two months before harvest) estimated from fused LiDAR and multispectral data. The artificial neural network model and the flowering stage were always the best method and prediction stage, respectively. Spectral traits (such as CIgreen) dominated yield estimation, especially in the early stage, whereas the contribution of structural traits (such as height) was more stable in the late stage. Fusing spectral and structural traits increased estimation accuracy at all growth stages. Better yield estimation was realized from traits derived from complete 3D points than from canopy surface points and from integrated multi-stage (especially from jointing to heading and flowering stages) data than from single-stage data. We suggest that this study offers a novel perspective on deciphering the contributions of spectral, structural, and time-series information to wheat yield estimation and can guide accurate, efficient, and timely estimation of wheat yield.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Growing clinical usage has led to a huge demand for artificial planting of SMB. Thus, continuous cropping of SMB is an important challenge that needs to be addressed. Continuous cropping can alter the metabolic profile of plants, resulting in poor growth and low yield. In this study, we tried to image the spatial location and variation of endogenous metabolites in continuously cropped SMB using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Spatially resolved expressions of tanshinones, salvianolic acids, polyamines, phenolic acids, amino acids, and oligosaccharides in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots were compared. The expressions of dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone II A, dehydromiltirone, miltirone, dehydrotanshinone IIA, spermine, salvianolic acid B/E, tetrasaccharide, and pentasaccharide in continuously cropped SMB roots were much lower than those in normal roots. There was little difference in the expressions of caffeic acid and salvianolic acid A in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots. Ferulic acid was more widely distributed in xylem of normal SMB but strongly expressed in xylem, phloem, and cambium of continuously cropped SMB. The spatially resolved metabolite information enhances our understanding of the metabolic signature of continuously cropped SMB and also provides insights into the metabolic effects of continuous cropping in other plants.

Lipidomics coverage improvement is essential for functional lipid and pathway construction. A powerful approach to discovering organism lipidome is to combine various data acquisitions, such as full scan mass spectrometry (full MS), data-dependent acquisition (DDA), and data-independent acquisition (DIA). Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a useful model for discovering toxic-induced metabolism, high-throughput drug screening, and a variety of human disease pathways. To determine the lipidome of C. elegans and investigate lipid disruption from the molecular level to the system biology level, we used integrative data acquisition. The methyl-tert-butyl ether method was used to extract L4 stage C. elegans after exposure to triclosan (TCS), perfluorooctanoic acid, and nanopolystyrene (nPS). Full MS, DDA, and DIA integrations were performed to comprehensively profile the C. elegans lipidome by Q-Exactive Plus MS. All annotated lipids were then analyzed using lipid ontology and pathway analysis. We annotated up to 940 lipids from 20 lipid classes involved in various functions and pathways. The biological investigations revealed that when C. elegans were exposed to nPS, lipid droplets were disrupted, whereas plasma membrane-functionalized lipids were likely to be changed in the TCS treatment group. The nPS treatment caused a significant disruption in lipid storage. Triacylglycerol, glycerophospholipid, and ether class lipids were those primarily hindered by toxicants. Finally, toxicant exposure frequently involved numerous lipid-related pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. In conclusion, an integrative data acquisition strategy was used to characterize the C. elegans lipidome, providing valuable biological insights into hypothesis generation and validation.