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Coals and gangues are the main surface dump in the coal mining process. Dynamic monitoring of those dumps using remote sensing technique is of great importance for mine environmental protection. In the traditional classification of visible and near-infrared remote sensing, part of the gangues might be misclassified as coal, due to the phenomenon of “different objects with the same spectrum”, resulting in the decrease of classification accuracy. Thus, this study firstly acquired visible and near-infrared spectrums of 12 coal samples and 115 gangue samples from Tiefa mining area in China. Most of the gangue samples’ spectrums are different from those of the coals, which can be easily distinguished. While, part of the gangues has the similar spectrum with coal which results in misclassification. With an effort to improve image classification accuracy, furthermore, we acquired the thermal infrared spectrum of the misclassified gangue and the coal samples. The results indicate that there are different spectral characteristics in thermal infrared band between coal and gangue samples, which can be identified easily. Therefore, we proposed a method to separate coal from gangue based on the combination of visible, near-infrared and thermal infrared spectrum. In the first palace, the method conducts measurement on the visible and near-infrared spectrums of all samples for the rough classification recurring to the MAO model. Next, the thermal infrared spectrums of the samples, mixed with gangue and coal are acquired, and the Spectral Absorption Ratio(SAR) is utilized as the evaluation index for the second classification. The fused result of classification originates in the two steps above. The method is further verified by using external samples from Tiefa, Yanzhou, Shendong and Jiangcang mining areas in China, whose results have demonstrated that the method has higher accuracy than that of the traditional classification method based on visible and near-infrared spectrum features. The research results indicates that the conjoint analytical method involving multiple spectrums can solve the phenomenon of “different objects with the same spectrum” in a single band, effectively, which will be of great referential significance in the field of terrain classification based on remote sensing technique.

By using eddy covariance technique, this paper measured the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in a reed (Phragmites australis) wetland in the Yellow River Delta of China during the growth season of 2011, and investigated the variation patterns of the NEE and related affecting factors. The average diurnal variation of the NEE in different months showed a U-type curve, with the maximum net CO2 uptake rate and release rate being (0.44 +/- 0.03) and (0.16 +/- 0.01) mg CO2 x m(-2) x s(-1), respectively. The NEE, ecosystem respiration (R(eco)), and gross primary productivity (GPP) were all higher in vigorous growth season (from July to September) and lower in early growth season (from May to June) and late growth season (from October to November). Both R(eco) and NEE reached their maximum values in August, while GPP reached its peak value in July. During the growth season, the ecosystem CO2 exchange was mainly dominated by photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), soil temperature (T(s)), and soil water content (SWC). There was a rectangular hyperbolic relationship between the daytime NEE and PAR. The nighttime ecosystem respiration (R(eco,n)) was exponentially correlated with the T(s) at 5 cm depth, and the temperature sensitivity of the ecosystem respiration (Q10) was 2.30. SWC and T(s) were the main factors affecting the R(eco,n). During the entire growth season, the reed wetland ecosystem in the Yellow River delta was an obvious carbon sink, with the total net carbon sequestration being 780.95 g CO2 x m(-2).

In the present paper the thermal infrared spectral variation of quartz sandstone under uniaxial compression was detected by a spectroradiometer to study the sensitively responding waveband of infrared radiation excited by the pressure. The experimental result shows that the infrared spectrum varies with the load, and the variation feature is different in different wavebands. The infrared radiation intensity increases with the increase in the load within the waveband 8.0-11.5 microm (specially in 8.6-9.1 microm), and there is a quadratic correlation between them, meanwhile the signal-to-noise ratio of spectrum radiation is also higher in the waveband. But in other wavebands the correlation is worse and the signal-to-noise is also lower. This indicates that the waveband 8.0-11.5 microm is the sensitive waveband of infrared radiation to the pressure, and it is also the superior waveband for infrared remote sensing monitoring the stress and catastrophe of rock. The optimum waveband is 8.6-9.1 microm.

Uncaria rhynchophylla is a traditional Chinese herb that has been applied in China for treatment of ailments of the cardiovascular system, but little is known about its active constituents and effect in cardiomyocytes. In present study, we investigated the cardioprotective effect of 0.1μΜ, 1μΜ and 10μΜ Hirsutine isolated from the methanolic extracts of Uncaria rhynchophylla by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with hypoxia to determine the mechanism underlying the protective effect with regard to cardiac anti-oxidant enzymes and apoptosis genes. Hirsutine significantly increased the viability of cardiomyocytes injured by hypoxia. Gene expression levels of proapoptotic genes (Bax, Fas and caspase-3) were significantly downregulated compared with the hypoxic control group (P<0.05), whereas the expression level of Bcl-2 was upregulated following Hirsutine treatment (P<0.05). Correspondingly, Hirsutine treatment increased Bcl-2 protein level and decreased Bax protein level. Assay investigating cardiac anti-oxidant enzymes provided further evidence for the protective effect of Hirsutine, as indicated by the induction of the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase. The results of present study suggest that the mechanism of action of Hirsutine in hypoxic neonatal rat cardiomyocytes may be related to its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. This may open an avenue for developing novel candidate compounds with cardioprotectiveeffect from unique Chinese plant., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In the title coordination polymer, {[Sm(2)(C(4)H(2)O(4))(3)(H(2)O)(6)]·6H(2)O}(n), the Sm(III) ion is nine-coordinated by four O atoms from three different maleate ligands, two O atoms from one fumarate ligand and three O atoms from three water mol-ecules. The fumarate ligand lies on an inversion center. Adjacent Sm(III) ions are bridged by the maleate and fumarate ligands, forming a layer parallel to (011). The layers are further linked by inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

In the title compound, C(14)H(8)N(4)S(6), the two five-membered rings lie in the same plane with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0334 (5) Å. The crystal structure features inter-molecular S⋯N inter-actions of 3.295 (4) Å.

In the title compound, C(16)H(16)N(2)O(3)S(6), the two five-membered rings form a dihedral angle of 7.86 (9)°. Weak C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules to form a chain along c; the chains are further connected by weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

The title compound, C(13)H(20)O(3)S(5), is bis-ected by a crystallographic twofold rotation axis, which relates the two halves of the mol-ecule to one another: one S, one C and one O atom lie on the axis. The thione S atom lies in the plane of the five-membered rings with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0042 (5) Å. Parts of the 17-membered macrocycle were refined using a two-part disorder model [occupancies of 0.553 (14) and 0.447 (14)]. There are no noteworthy inter-molecular inter-actions.

In the title compound, C(18)H(26)O(3)S(8), the two five-membered rings exhibit envelope conformations. The two S atoms in the 17-membered macrocycle deviate from the plane of the fused five-membered ring by 1.429 (3) and -1.434 (3) Å in opposite directions.

In the present study, we investigated cardioprotective effects of salidroside, isolated from Rhodiola rosea L, on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cardiomyocyte death and ischemic injury evoked by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats. Pretreatment with salidroside notably ameliorated cell viability losses in a dose-dependant manner and in parallel it alleviated morphologic injury detected by electron microscopy. Mechanistically, diminished OGD-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was shown in salidroside-pretreated cardiomyocytes, in accordance with minimal reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. Moreover, salidroside markedly upregulated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and preserved mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Salidroside administration also inhibited myocardial apoptosis in AMI rats by increasing phosphorylation of Akt and decreasing activation of caspase-3. These findings suggest that salidroside reduced ischemia-mediated myocardial damage. Salidroside therefore has potential to be a promising drug for preventing and treating myocardial ischemic diseases.

A novel surfactant-encapsulated organic-inorganic hybrid compound (DODA)(24)Li[Cu(20)Cl(OH)(24)(P(8)W(48)O(184))] x 18 H(2)O (DODA-Cu20) has been prepared from the wheel-shaped tungstophosphate salt K(12)Li(13)[Cu(20)Cl(OH)(24)(H(2)O)(12)(P(8)W(48)O(184))] x 22 H(2)O (Cu20) and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODA), and it has been characterized by elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), (1)H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Monolayer and multilayer films of DODA-Cu20 were fabricated on different substrates by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique using H(2)O as the subphase. Another type of organic-inorganic hybrid film, DODA/Cu20, was also deposited on the same substrates as used for the film containing DODA-Cu20 under the same conditions by the LB technique using a Cu20 aqueous solution as the subphase and DODA as the cationic amphiphile for comparison. Both thus-prepared organic-inorganic hybrid films were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, transmission and polarized FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that stable monolayers at the air-water interface for DODA-Cu20 and at the air-Cu20 solution interface for DODA can be formed and that two LB films containing DODA-Cu20 and DODA/Cu20 constructed by two different methods both exhibit well-ordered lamellar structures. It is proposed that Cu20 exhibits different packing modes in the two LB films depending on the deposition strategy used.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(19)H(19)NOS(6), contains two independent mol-ecules with different conformations of the ethyl groups. The dihedral angles between the pyrrole and benzene rings are 14.19 (14) and 16.29 (17)° in the two molecules. In the absence of short inter-molecular contacts, in the crystal, the mol-ecules are packed with their long axes parallel to [10].

In the title mol-ecule, C(16)H(22)S(8)O(2), two S atoms, two O atoms and ten C atoms form a 14-membered ring with a boat conformation. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into dimers which are further connected into a chain along the a axis by C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds.

In the title mol-ecule, C(14)H(18)OS(8), one O atom, two S atoms and six C atoms form an 11-membered ring with a chair-like conformation; the planes of the two five-membered rings connected by a carbon-carbon double bond form a dihedral angle of 29.97 (11)°. In the crystal, pairs of weak inter-molecular C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds link two mol-ecules into inversion dimers.

In the title mol-ecule, C(11)H(16)O(2)S(5), the two S atoms from the macrocycle are situated on opposite sides of the mean plane of the five-membered ring, deviating from it by 1.288 (3) and 1.728 (3) Å. In the crystal, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯S and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into layers parallel to (100). The crystal studied was a racemic twin.

In the title mol-ecule, C(9)H(12)S(5)O, the five-membered ring and attached S atom are essentially coplanar [mean deviation from the mean plane = 0.020 (1) Å]. The two S atoms belonging to the macrocycle deviate from this plane by 1.005 (1) and 1.337 (2) Å. In the crystal, π-π inter-actions link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers with a short distance of 3.753 (5) Å between the centroids of the five-membered rings.

Forty microsatellite loci were selected to amplify the genomic DNA of cultured stock of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides L.) in China. Genotypic differences of these microsatellites loci were analyzed using 2-test between the maximal weight group and minimal weight group. Sixteen microsatellites showing significantly difference (P<0.1) were used in genotyping 121 individuals, and the associations between their genotypes and growth traits were examined. Microsatellite loci of JZL60, JZL67, JZL72, JZL124, MiSaTPW76, MiSaTPW117 and MiSaTPW173 were significantly associated with body weight, body length, and body height (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The most favorable genotypes for growth traits were AA at JZL60, BB at JZL67, AC at JZL72, BB at MiSaTPW76 and BC at MiSaTPW117. In addition, a total of 47 alleles for the 16 loci were detected (2 approximately 5 alleles for each locus). The average effective number of alleles (Ae), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and mean polymorphic information content (PIC) was 2.938, 0.515, 0.500 and 0.445, respectively, both of which indicated that the population genetic diversity was medium.

In the title mol-ecule, C(16)H(20)O(5)S(6), the two five-membered rings form a dihedral angle of 4.7 (3)°. The crystal packing exhibits weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol-ecules into chains propagating in [10], and π-π inter-actions, indicated by the short distances [3.756 (5) Å] between the centroids of five-membered rings from mol-ecules related by translation along the b axis.

This paper studied the variations of glucose concentration in haemolymph and glycogen concentration in hepatopancreas and muscle of Marsupenaeus japonicus under starvation and re-feeding. Groups C, S1, S2 and S3 were deprived of food for 0, 10, 15 and 25 days, respectively, and then re-fed for 10 days. Under starvation, the glucose concentration in haemolymph and glycogen concentration in hepatopancreas decreased rapidly at the beginning, and the glycogen concentration in muscle was the lowest after 10-day fasting. In the following 5 days, the glucose concentration in haemolymph and glycogen concentration in hepatopancreas and muscle recovered to their initial levels due to gluconeogenesis, but the glycogen concentration kept declining with fasting. After refeeding, the glycogen concentration in hepatopancreas and muscle recovered well, and the glucose concentration in haemolymph had a sharper increase in groups S1 and S2 than in group C, but was markedly less in group S3 than in group C. These results indicated that long-term starvation had a greater effect on the glucose concentration in haemolymph.

Objective: To study the depression symptoms in chronic prostatitis (CP) patients, and explore the correlation between depression symptoms and CP., Methods: The Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) , NIH-CPSI, IIEF-5, and a self-designed questionnaire were employed in 1500 cases of CP patients., Results: A total of 1426 effective questionnaires were collected. The mean score of SDS was (44.24 +/- 10.20), significantly higher than that of the domestic norm (P = 0.000). With the score limitation set at > or = 53, 309 (21.7%) of the CP patients had symptoms of depression, of whom 176 (12.3%) were rated by SDS as in the mild, 114 (8.0%) in the moderate and 19 (1.3%) in the severe state of depression. The dominating symptoms as listed in SDS were exactly the stimulating and provoking factors of CP. The scores of SDS were significantly correlated with disease course, CPSI score, IIEF score and times and cost of treatment (P < 0.01), while no correlation was observed with age and WBC counts in EPS., Conclusion: CP patients mostly have depression problems, which are closely correlated with CP and contribute to the recurrence, refractoriness and discontinued outcome of the disease.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the Kv1.3 K(+) channel on the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis., Materials and Methods: The expression of the Kv1.3 K(+) channel in prostatic epithelia was detected using streptavidin/peroxidase immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 75 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, including 42 with and 33 without chronic inflammation. All of the men were sampled in our hospital between January 2000 and December 2003., Results: There was strong and moderate immunostaining in 14 of the prostatic epithelial specimens with inflammation and in 21 from patients without inflammation, compared to 28 and 12 with low staining, respectively (chi-squared, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The expression of the Kv1.3 K(+)channel was lower in prostatic epithelial cells from patients with chronic inflammation than from those without. Opening the Kv1.3 K(+) channel could promote the efflux of K(+) from the cells, causing an increase in [K(+)] in the prostate cavity. The increase in [K(+)] can then infiltrate the stroma through the epithelial gap, exciting the nerve fibres and causing pain and other clinical symptoms.

Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a common and painful disease in young and middle-aged men, with its causes remaining confused. In recent years, in-depth studies have been made on the interaction between CP and psychological hindrance. This review focuses on the manifestation and the mechanism of psychological hindrance in CP patients as well as on the effect of psychological therapy, and is meant to offer some reference to the etiology and semiology studies of CP.

In the 1:1 supramolecular adduct of azopyridine (AZP) and succinic acid (SA) [systematic name: di-4-pyridyldiazene-succinic acid (1/1)], C10H8N4.C4H6O4 or AZP.SA, both components lie on inversion centers. Alternating AZP and SA molecules are linked by O-H...N hydrogen bonds to form a linear chain extending in the [31-1] direction. Between chains there is a strong pyridyl-azo pi-pi interaction, with a 3.340 A separation between the inversion center at the mid-point of the azo bond and the centroid of the pyridine ring; this interaction results in the formation of sheets.

A series of spirooxazine-containing 2,2'-bipyridine ligands and their rhenium(i) tricarbonyl complexes has been designed and synthesized, and their photophysical, photochromic and electrochemical properties have been studied. The X-ray crystal structures of two of the complexes have been determined. Detailed studies showed that the emission properties of the complexes could readily be switched through photochromic reactions.