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Background: The gastrointestinal tract contains a massive microbiota, and targeting the gut could be a potential intervention for sepsis. However, the interaction between sepsis and the intestinal microbiota is defined as an "incompletely understood bidirectional relationship". Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study investigated the fecal microbiota of sepsis patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China, from May 2019 to January 2020. 14 septic patients were divided into the non-severe group and the severe group according to the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score. Herein, fecal samples were serially collected on admission, the third, fourth, and fifth days, and ICU discharge. The fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and its correlation with clinical parameters was evaluated. Results: Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant phyla at ICU admission, and fecal biodiversity was not significantly different between the non-severe group (APACHE II < 15) and the severe group (APACHE II > 15). However, the diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly lower at ICU discharge than that at ICU admission with the extension of treatment time. Further significant difference flora analysis (LEfSe) showed that the genera Veillonella and Ruminococcus were the most discriminant biomarkers at ICU admission in non-severe and severe patients, respectively, while Enterococcus was the most discriminant biomarker at ICU discharge in all septic patients. Of note, liver function tests, including ALT, AST, TBIL, and DBIL correlated with the prevalence of various bacterial genera. Conclusions: The diversity of the gut microbiota in patients with sepsis decreases dramatically during ICU stay, and there are distinct dynamic changes in gut microbiota among patients with different severity in sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The restoration of dental implants presents a unique challenge due to the intrinsic biomechanical differences between osseointegrated implants and natural teeth, and their subsequent responses to occlusal loading. However, controversy exists regarding the role that occlusion plays in the physiology of the peri‐implant complex. Purpose: To provide an overview of the scientific literature regarding occlusion as it relates to implant dentistry and peri‐implant disease. Materials and Methods: This article presents a narrative review on occlusal loading and its potential effects on the peri‐implant complex, as well as some generally accepted guidelines for occlusion in implant dentistry. Results and Conclusions: Although there is strong evidence linking occlusal factors to mechanical complications of dental implants, the same cannot be said regarding biological complications. There is no clear scientific evidence on the relationship between occlusal overload and peri‐implant disease. However, occlusal overload may be an accelerating factor for peri‐implant disease in the presence of inflammation. As the biomechanical properties of dental implants differ from that of the natural dentition, modifications to classic concepts of occlusion may be necessary when dental implants are involved. Thus, clinical recommendations are proposed which function to minimize unfavorable occlusal forces on implant restorations and reduce the associated biological and mechanical complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As an important part of lake and reservoir ecosystem, sediment is an important "source" and "sink" of pollutants. Antibiotics, as a kind of important emerging organic pollutants, have attracted global attention. In order to understand the adsorption behavior and mechanism of antibiotics in sediment, enrofloxacin (ENR) was used as the target pollutant to evaluate its adsorption behavior in sediment and soil and the response mechanism of environmental factors by using the intermittent equilibrium method. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium time of ENR in sediment and soil was 6 h, and the adsorption kinetics was in line with the quasi-second-order kinetics. The two-compartment model Herry-Langmuir can better describe the adsorption of ENR by sediment and soil. There is a lag phenomenon in desorption process.The average lag coefficient HI of sediment and soil was 1.08 × 10−3 and 0.43 × 10−3, respectively, indicating that ENR was difficult to be released. When pH = 5, the adsorption capacity is the highest, indicating that the adsorption mechanism of ENR in the sample is mainly cation exchange; the higher the cationic valence state of the background liquid is, the stronger the competitive adsorption capacity is, which leads to the gradual decrease of ENR adsorption capacity in the sample. Because ENR contains -F group, resulting in complex reaction with Al3+ in the solution, thus reducing the activity of Al3+, reducing the competitive adsorption of Al3+ and ENR, then ENR adsorption capacity increased. The change of ENR adsorption capacity of sediment and soil is Q(Al3+)>Q(Na+)>Q(K+)>Q(Ca2+)>Q(Mg2+)>Q(Fe3+). The adsorption capacity of ENR on sediment was higher than that on soil under all conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The joint toxicological effects of Cd2+ and As(V) mixture on wheat root as affected by environmental factors, such as pH, coexisting cations, and humic acids etc., were investigated using hydroponic experiments. The interaction and toxicological mechanisms of co-existing Cd2+ and As(V) at the interface of solution and roots in presence of humic acid were further explored by incorporating root cell membrane surface potential ψ0 into a mechanistic model of combined biotic ligand model (BLM)-based Gouy−Chapman−Stern (GCS) model and NICA-DONNAN model. Besides, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of lipid bilayer equilibrated with solution containing Cd2+ and H2AsO4− further revealed the molecular distribution of heavy metal(loid) ions under different membrane surface potentials. H2AsO4− and Cd2+ can be adsorbed on the surface of the membrane alone or as complexes, which consolidate the limitation of the macroscopic physical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]