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Objective The present study was a randomized controlled clinical trial with the aim of evaluating the increase in papillary height and reduction in black triangle height obtained by the novel papillary augmentation access with either connective tissue graft (CTG) or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as matrix from baseline to 6 months. Materials and Methods A total number of 20 sites with Nordland and Tarnow’s Class I, I-II and II interdental papillary loss were recruited into the study. The sites were randomly allocated with 10 sites per group into either: Group A (control group) or Group B (test group) which utilizes the same technique with CTG or PRF as matrix, respectively. The clinical parameters such as PPD (probing pocket depth) and CAL (clinical attachment level) at the surgical site, plaque score (FMPS), bleeding scores (FMBS), interdental papillary height (PH) and black triangle height (BTH), along with visual analog score by dentist (VAS-D) and by patient (VAS-P) were evaluated at baseline and at 6 months. Results In both CTG and PRF groups, all the primary and secondary outcome variables such as PH, BTH, VAS-D and VAS-P showed statistically significant improvement from baseline to 6 months (p ≤0.05) within the group. On comparison at 6 months, there were no differences in the papillary height between the groups. However, the BTH has significantly reduced in the CTG group than the PRF group. Similarly, the VAS-D significantly improved in the CTG group than the PRF group (p = 0.010) at 6 months. Conclusion The study demonstrates that the proposed papillary augmentation access with CTG and PRF was successful in managing the unaesthetic interdental papillary loss, with CTG showing better results in terms of reduction of black triangle than PRF.

Otsu’s algorithm is one of the most well-known methods for automatic image thresholding. 2D Otsu’s method is more robust compared to 1D Otsu’s method. However, it still has limitations on salt-and-pepper noise corrupted images and uneven illumination images. To alleviate these limitations and improve the overall performance, here we propose an improved 2D Otsu’s algorithm to increase the robustness to salt-and-pepper noise together with an adaptive energy based image partition technology for uneven illumination image segmentation. Based on the partition method, two schemes for automatic thresholding are adopted to find the best segmentation result. Experiments are conducted on both synthetic and real world uneven illumination images as well as real world regular illumination cell images. Original 2D Otsu’s method, MAOTSU_2D, and two latest 1D Otsu’s methods (Cao’s method and DVE) are included for comparisons. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations are introduced to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method is more robust to salt-and-pepper noise and acquires better segmentation results on uneven illumination images in general without compromising its performance on regular illumination images. For a test group of seven real world uneven illumination images, the proposed method could lower the ME value by 15% and increase the DSC value by 10%.

Background Freeze dried bone allograft (FDBA) and solvent dehydrated bone allograft (SDBA) are both commonly used in alveolar ridge preservation. Previous studies have suggested SDBA may have advantages over FDBA due to a unique processing method. The primary objective of this study was to histologically compare the healing outcome between FDBA and SDBA when used for ridge preservation. Changes in morphometric ridge parameters were evaluated as a secondary outcome. Methods Forty-four patients requiring extraction and ridge preservation were randomized into two groups: FDBA (control group) or SDBA (test group). Patients returned 12 weeks post-extraction and ridge preservation for implant placement. A bone core was taken in the planned implant osteotomy site and evaluated histomorphometrically to determine the percentage of vital bone, residual graft material, and connective/other tissue. Changes in clinical ridge dimensions were also evaluated for patients in both treatment groups. Results The FDBA group showed a mean of 24.08% vital bone, 22.96% residual graft material, and 52.95% CT/other. The SDBA group showed a mean of 27.19% vital bone, 23.38% residual graft material, and 49.41% CT/other. No statistical differences were found between groups in the mean outcomes for histologic parameters or in dimensional change of the alveolar ridge. Conclusion This study provides the first histologic comparison between the wound healing of FDBA and SDBA over a 12-week healing period in a ridge preservation application. The findings suggest no significant benefit or drawback with the use of either FDBA or SDBA when comparing histomorphometric parameters or clinical dimensional changes.

Background: Total thyroidectomy is commonly practice now-a-days for either malignant or benign multinodular goitre. And post-operative hypocalcaemia is a squeal in this operation.Objectives: To find out whether post-operative PTH level is a parameter to identify hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy.Materials & Methods: This study was carried out from July 2013 to July 2014 in department of Surgery Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital. Total 116 patients were selected. PTH assay was performed before and after thyroidectomy. 92 patients were undergoing total thyroidectomy and were selected as test group. Rest 24 patients were undergoing unilateral lobectomy and were selected as control group. Serum calcium levels were measured in 1st and 2nd post-operative day.Results: Out of 92 test group patients 31(26.7%) developed postoperative hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemic patients had significantly lower post-operative PTH 5.43 ± 5.32 (median 3.3) compared with that of normocalcemic patient 16.04 ± 11.96 (median 12.5). Serum calcium was significantly lower in hypocalcemic patients at 2nd post-operative day (median 9.8) than in 1st post-operative day (median 10.15). Linear regression curve estimation revealed significant association between post-operative PTH with 2nd post-operative serum calcium.Conclusion: PTH assay can identify patients at risk of clinically significant hypocalcemia much earlier than serum calcium monitoring. A single PTH level post-operatively can reflect early result and help to take necessary measure to avoid hypocalcaemic effect.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-2, July 2018, Page 43-47

Introduction The study aimed to observe TNF-α serum concentration as well as changes in respiration rate, body temperature, and pulse rate in burn victims during 84 h post burn. Material and Methods A total of 30 healthy pigs were divided into two groups: A, the test group and N, the control group. The experimental group suffered burns to 30% of the body surface, and after infliction of the burns both groups were closely monitored. Results The biggest increase in TNF-α serum concentration in the test subjects occurred around the 6th h of the study, and the second biggest increase took place between 12th and 36th h. In the 36th h, TNF-α was 2.5 times more concentrated in serum in the test group than in the control group. In the test group, the biggest increase in respiration rate occurred up to the 6th h post burn, on average up to 29/min. In the 12th h post burn, the mean pulse rate in the test group was 133/min and dropped to the lowest value in the 72nd h of the experiment. A gradual increase in body temperature up to 41.72°C was observed up to the 30th h post burn and decreased to a significant value of 40.74°C by the 84th h of the study. Conclusion In a period of a pronounced rise in TNF-α serum concentration, this parameter, pulse rate, and respiration rate are highly correlated and are also influenced by multiple inflammation forming factors.

Many of the virtual reality (VR) interaction devices available to the general public rely on the use of controllers. However, theses ones generate some usability constraints. Current availability of new gestural devices provides a more “natural” way to interact in VR, i.e. more intuitive, facilitating learning and especially minimizing cognitive load. However, this last one is rarely taken into account in the literature on VR design and evaluation. In order to fill this gap, we propose to evaluate, within a comparative study, the respective impact of 2 interaction paradigms on the cognitive load and performance of two different user populations (experienced vs. novice): gestural interaction using Leap Motion® (test group) and more traditional interaction using gamepad controllers (control group). Initial results indicate significantly higher cognitive load and significantly lower performance during gestural interaction with the Leap Motion® than during interaction with the controllers. These results highlight technical limitations related to Leap Motion® and the need to improve technically these devices to obtain a robust technology, Une grande partie des dispositifs d’interaction en réalité virtuelle (VR) accessibles au grand public repose sur l’usage des contrôleurs. Or, ces derniers génèrent certaines contraintes d’utilisabilité. La récente disponibilité de dispositifs d’interaction gestuelle permet d’avoir des interactions plus « naturelles » pour l’utilisateur, i.e. plus intuitives, permettant de faciliter l’apprentissage et surtout de minimiser la charge cognitive; or ce dernier trait est peu pris en compte dans la littérature en conception/évaluation VR. Afin de pallier ce manque, nous proposons d’évaluer au sein d'une étude comparative, l’impact respectif de 2 paradigmes d’interaction sur la charge cognitive et les performances de deux populations d’utilisateurs différentes (expérimentée vs. novice) : les interactions gestuelles à l’aide du Leap Motion® (groupe test) et les interactions plus classiques à l’aide de contrôleurs de mouvement de type gamepad (groupe contrôle). Les premiers résultats indiquent une charge cognitive significativement plus élevée et des performances significativement moindres lors de l’interaction gestuelle avec le Leap Motion® que lors de l’interaction avec les contrôleurs et ce, pour les 2 types de population. Ces résultats mettent en évidence les limites techniques liées au Leap Motion® ainsi que la nécessité d’améliorer techniquement ces dispositifs avant de pouvoir aboutir à une technologie robuste.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the diagnosis of peri-implant bone defects of titanium (Ti), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2 ) or titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) alloy implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ti, Ti-Zr or ZrO2 implants with two diameters (3.3 mm, 4.1 mm) and one length (10 mm) were inserted in the angle of the mandible of six fresh defrosted pig jaws. Out of the 12 implants inserted, 6 served in the test group with standardized buccal peri-implant bone defects, whereas 6 served as control without bone defects. CBCTs were performed with three acquisition protocols (standard, high and low dose) using two devices. Four observers analysed CBCTs as follows: (a) presence of a peri-implant defect; (b) presence of peri-implant artefacts and impact on defect diagnosis; and (c) linear measurements of buccal peri-implant defect including height and width (in mm). RESULTS CBCT device, CBCT settings, implant material, implant diameter and observer background did not significantly influence diagnostic accuracy. The sensitivity and specificity values were high for defect detection. ZrO2 led to a lower than average diagnostic accuracy (0.781). The linear measurements of peri-implant defect were underestimated by

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical simvastatin on the osseointegration of machined-surface titanium implants. Material & methods Sixteen female Sprague–Dawley rats were used in this study in a 4-wk experimental trial. The rats were divided into two groups: a test group (n = 8), in which local simvastatin was applied, and a control group (n = 8). In each of the 16 animals, a machined-surface titanium implant was surgically integrated into the tibial metaphysis. Prior to integration of the implants, 100 μl of ethanol solution containing 5 mg of simvastatin was applied to the bone sockets. The implants were then immediately integrated into the bone sockets. No simvastatin treatment was applied in the control group. At the end of the 4-wk period, the rats were sacrificed, and the implants and surrounding bone tissue were removed. The bone–implant contact (BIC) and bone filling (BF) ratios of nondecalcified histological sections were then determined. The BIC ratio was defined as the ratio of the implant surface directly in contact with the bone to the total implant surface length. The BF ratio was determined by measuring the bone-filled area at a distance of 0.5 mm from implant. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the BIC and BF ratios of the test group and control group in terms of implant osseointegration (p > 0.05). Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, we conclude that topically applied simvastatin to implant surfaces does not affect osseointegration.

Peri-implant disease may affect survival of dental implants. The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of diode laser as a supportive modality to the non-surgical conventional treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PiM) and initial peri-implantitis (PI). Twenty-three patients with single implants suffering from PiM or initial PI were selected and randomly divided into two groups; control group (CG) received non-surgical conventional treatment, and test group (TG) received non-surgical conventional treatment and diode laser application with wavelength of 980 nm. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline (T0) and at 3 months follow-up (T1). The average of PPD value for TG was 4.04 ± 0.54 mm at T0 and it was 2.98 ± 0.70 mm at T1. In the CG, PPD average was 3.8 ± 1.24 mm at T0 and was 3.54 ± 0.35 mm at T1. In TG, the BOP was positive in 44 sites at T0 and in 6 sites at T1. In CG, the BOP was positively observed in 52 sites at T0 and in 28 sites at T1. The 980-nm diode laser may be considered an adjunct to the conventional non-surgical treatments of PiM and initial PI.

Stable pronator quadratus repair following volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures with complete plate coverage is difficult. This study compares a modified pronator quadratus repair technique involving the brachioradialis muscle insertion (test group) with a conventional radial incision through the muscle without pronator quadratus repair (standard group). This prospective randomised study included 16 patients in the test group and 12 in the standard group; all were available for clinical, radiographic and ultrasound examination at a mean follow-up of 15 months. Pronator quadratus repair was feasible in all test group patients, and complete coverage of the distal plate was achieved in 11. No differences in functional outcome were observed between the groups. Pronator quadratus repair with a part of the brachioradialis muscle insertion is a reliable technique for coverage of a volar plate by slight distal transposition. In the repair of distal radius fractures, this may better protect the finger flexor tendons against irritation and/or rupture. That likelihood should now be studied.

Background: There has been growing interest in using theory-driven research to develop and evaluate continuing medical education (CME) activities. Within health professions education, testing has been shown to promote learning in a variety of different contexts, an effect referred to as test-enhanced learning (TEL). However, the extent to which TEL generalizes to CME remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether physicians who received two intervening tests following a CME event would experience a TEL effect relative to physicians who received additional study material to review without testing. Methods: Forty-nine physicians were recruited during a local CME activity. Physicians were randomized to either a) the test group (n=26), where participants completed two 20 multiple-choice question (MCQ) quizzes related to the lecture content or b) the study group (n=23), where participants studied the same information without testing. Testing and studying occurred independently during the CME activity, and then four weeks later online. At eight weeks, participants completed a final 20-item MCQ online test. A between-subjects t-test was used to compare performance on the final test as a function of the initial educational activity (test group vs. study group).Results: Performance on the final MCQ test was equivalent for both test (Mean (SD): 75% (9.9)) and study-only (77% (7.3)) conditions (t(47) = 0.94, p=0.35). Conclusion: The null findings in the present study are contrary to previous findings demonstrating TEL among novice learner populations. The lack of TEL highlights several programmatic considerations that should be factored in before implementing TEL as a part of CME.

Objectives: To define a uroflowmetry-based non-invasive predictive tool for the primary diagnosis of urethral stricture disease. Methods: A total of 300 male patients (150 with urethral stricture disease and 150 with benign prostatic obstruction), treated surgically between 2005 and 2015, and 75 healthy males were included in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups (75 benign prostatic obstruction patients and 75 urethral stricture disease patients in each group). A model, able to objectively differentiate between benign prostatic obstruction and urethral stricture disease, was created by use of original and hybrid uroflowmetry variables in logistic regression in groupA (test group). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used for validation in groupB (validation group) and to calculate cut-off values to distinguish healthy individuals from benign prostatic obstruction as a result of urethral stricture disease. Results: Receiver operating characteristics area under the curve values of the created model were 0.841 (0.777-0.905) and 0.807 (0.735-0.879) in groups A and B, respectively. Optimal cut-off values were 2.2847 and 0.1182 to distinguish healthy individuals versus benign prostatic obstruction and benign prostatic obstruction versus urethral stricture disease. Conclusions: A triphasic uroflowmetry-based model is able to objectively distinguish voiding patterns of healthy individuals, benign prostatic obstruction and urethral stricture disease. The probability of urethral stricture disease can be objectively calculated for each individual patient based on a non-invasive uroflowmetry test. Uroflowmetry pattern interpretation by use of statistical models could become a new standard.

Aim. To compare the outcome of digital versus analog procedures for the restoration of single implants. Methods. Over a two-year period (2014-2016), all patients who had been treated in a dental center with a single implant were randomly assigned to receive either a monolithic zirconia crown, fabricated with digital workflow (test group), or a metal-ceramic crown, fabricated with analog workflow (control group). All patients were followed for 1 year after the delivery of the final crown. The outcomes were success, complications, peri-implant marginal bone loss (PIMBL), patient satisfaction, and time and cost of the treatment. Results. 50 patients (22 males, 28 females; mean age 52.6±13.4 years) were randomly assigned to one of the groups (25 per group). Both workflows showed high success (92%) and low complication rate (8%). No significant differences were found in the mean PIMBL between test (0.39±0.29mm) and control (0.54±0.32mm) groups. Patients preferred digital impressions. Taking the impression took half the time in the test group (20±5min) than in the control (50±7min) group. When calculating active working time, workflow in the test group was more time-efficient than in the control group, for provisional (70±15min versus 340±37min) and final crowns (29±9min versus 260±26min). The digital procedure presented lower costs than the analog (€277.3 versus €392.2). Conclusions. No significant clinical or radiographic differences were found between digital and analog procedures; however, the digital workflow was preferred by patients; it reduced active treatment time and costs. The present study is registered in the ISRCTN (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN36259164) with number 36259164.

Purpose This study evaluated the influence of illuminance and color temperature of ambient light on the trueness, precision, and scanning time of a digital impression. Methods Master data were acquired with a high-accuracy coordinate-measuring machine. The illuminance of ambient light was set at 0lux, 500lux, and 2500lux with a light-emitting diode (LED). Using a conversion filter, the color temperature was set at 3900 Kelvin (K) (yellow), 4100K (orange), 7500K (white), and 19,000K (blue). There were thus a total of 12 possible lighting conditions. The reference model was scanned five times under each condition by an intraoral scanner. Trueness was calculated as the mean difference between the master data and experimental data. Precision was calculated as the mean difference between the repeated scans in each test group. Statistical analysis was performed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison test. The significance level was 0.05. Results For trueness, the mean deviation was significantly lower at 500lux than at 0lux and 2500lux. At 500lux, the mean deviation was significantly lower at 3900K than at other temperatures. Regardless of the color temperature, the scanning time was significantly longer at 2500lux than at other illuminance levels. Conclusions The 3900K and 500lux condition is the most appropriate lighting condition for taking a digital impression. This condition is typical of clinical settings. High illuminance ambient light increased the scanning time.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the osseointegration around endosseous dental implants inserted in fresh extraction sockets using β-Tricalcium phosphate bone graft with and without subepithelial connective tissue graft.Methods: Twenty patients were enrolled in this study and allocated randomly to control group (Ten fresh extraction sockets were implanted by immediate dental implants and grafted by s-tricalcium phosphate) or test group (Ten fresh extraction sockets were implanted by immediate dental implants and grafted by s- tricalcium phosphate with a subepithelial connective tissue graft). The clinical parameters were monitored at 6,9 and 12 months post-implantation while the radiographic evaluation was conducted immediately after implant insertion(baseline),6 and 12 months postoperative. The implant stability was monitored using periotest at baseline,6 and 12 months after implantation. Results: All implants in both groups were well osseointegrated resulting in a 100% cumulative success rate after one year follow up. There were no significant differences between the studied groups regarding clinical and radiographically parameters throughout the study period. However, the patients in test groups displayed better assessments regarding pocket depth, periotest value, keratinized mucosa and marginal bone level than patients within the control group.Conclusion: The using of subepithelial connective tissue graft as a membrane with β-Tricalcium phosphate bone graft could improve osseointegration around dental implants in fresh extraction sockets.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate two and three-body wear resistance and hardness of eighth kinds of modern bulk-fill and resin-based composite materials — Grandio, Estelite Flow, Filtek bulk-fill, Charisma, Clearfil, Ultimate, Quadrant, and G-aenial. All samples were kept in distilled water for one week, and their Vickers hardness was determined before two- and three-body wear tests. The mean volume loss of all specimens after the wear tests was determined by the 3D profilometry. In addition, a random specimen was selected from each test group and scanning electron microscope images were taken for an analysis of wear tracks. The surface morphology of the Clearfil and Ultimate composite materials was damaged severely, whereas Grandio and Charisma had a very smooth surface after two-body wear tests. The lowest mean volume loss was measured in micro-fill Grandio two-body and three-body wear tests. The Filtek bulk-fill and resinbased composites showed similar two- and three-body wear behavior. For the composite materials considered, correlations between the filler volume loss, Vickers hardness, and two- and three-body wear resistances were found to be insignificant.

OBJECTIVEThe authors’ goal in this study was to investigate the use of a novel, bioresorbable, osteoconductive, wet-field mineral-organic bone adhesive composed of tetracalcium phosphate and phosphoserine (TTCP-PS) for cranial bone flap fixation and compare it with conventional low-profile titanium plates and self-drilling screws.METHODSAn ovine craniotomy surgical model was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TTCP-PS over 2 years. Bilateral cranial defects were created in 41 sheep and were replaced in their original position. The gaps (kerfs) were completely filled with TTCP-PS (T1 group), half-filled with TTCP-PS (T2 group), or left empty and the flaps fixated by plates and screws as a control (C group). At 12 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years following surgery, the extent of bone healing, local tissue effects, and remodeling of the TTCP-PS were analyzed using macroscopic observations and histopathological and histomorphometric analyses. Flap fixation strength was evaluated by biomechanical testing at 12 weeks and 1 year postoperatively.RESULTSNo adverse local tissue effects were observed in any group. At 12 weeks, the bone flap fixation strengths in test group 1 (1689 ± 574 N) and test group 2 (1611 ± 501 N) were both statistically greater (p = 0.01) than that in the control group (663 ± 385 N). From 12 weeks to 1 year, the bone flap fixation strengths increased significantly (p < 0.05) for all groups. At 1 year, the flap fixation strength in test group 1 (3240 ± 423 N) and test group 2 (3212 ± 662 N) were both statistically greater (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively) than that in the control group (2418 ± 1463 N); however, there was no statistically significant difference in the strengths when comparing the test groups at both timepoints. Test group 1 had the best overall performance based on histomorphometric evaluation and biomechanical testing. At 2 years postoperatively, the kerfs filled with TTCP-PS had histological evidence of osteoconduction and replacement of TTCP-PS by bone with nearly complete osteointegration.CONCLUSIONSTTCP-PS was demonstrated to be safe and effective for cranial flap fixation in an ovine model. In this study, the bioresorbable, osteoconductive bone adhesive appeared to have multiple advantages over standard plate-and-screw bone flap fixation, including biomechanical superiority, more complete and faster bony healing across the flap kerfs without fibrosis, and the minimization of bone flap and/or hardware migration and loosening. These properties of TTCP-PS may improve human cranial bone flap fixation and cranioplasty.

Background This study was conducted to assess effect of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) on enhancing biomechanical properties of distraction osteogenesis (DO). Methods Twelve rami of goats had distraction and were divided into test group (DO bone supplemented with BMAC) and control group. Results Assessment of bone-width showed nonsignificant (P = 0.9) increase in test group (mean = 5.3 mm, standard deviation = 1.9 mm) compared to control group (mean = 5.2 mm, standard deviation = 0.8 mm). Assessment of radiographic density showed nonsignificant (P = 0.5) increase in test group (mean = 163.4 Hounsfield Unit, standard deviation = 6.5 Hounsfield Unit) compared to control group (mean = 156.6 Hounsfield Unit, standard deviation = 21.8 Hounsfield Unit). Histomorphometry of mature-bone % showed significant (P = 0.02) increase in test group (mean = 30%, standard deviation = 9.8%) compared to control group (mean = 15.9%, standard deviation = 7.2%). Assessment of biomechanical testing (bone strength) by 3-point bending test showed nonsignificant (P = 0.7) increase in test group (mean = 511.6 Newton, standard deviation = 189.1 Newton) compared to control group (mean = 467.8 Newton, standard deviation = 201.1 Newton). Conclusion The BMAC failed to improve both bone quantity and biomechanical bone strength of distracted bone.

Background: This report is intended to present a supplemental analysis of data from a prior report (Aroca et al.,) to investigate factors associated with a complete root coverage at 1 year. The purpose of the prior report was to investigate at 1 year the adjunction effect of EMD for the treatment of Miller’s class III recession defects using a coronally advanced modified tunnel/CTG technique with (test group) or without (control group). The purpose of this report was to investigate additional factors associated with root coverage in the same data set. Materials and methods: On the 138 observations collected from 20 patients, a regression model was used to highlight the relationship between the percentages of root coverage (RC) and three following covariates: the distance from the tip of the papilla and the contact point (DCP) at baseline, the group membership (control vs. test) and tooth position in the mouth (maxillary vs. mandibular). Results: The statistical analysis showed that there was a significant effect of the DCP at baseline (p = 0.01) and of the tooth type (p

Background A training program consisting of only one-repetition maximum (1RM) training results in similar strength adaptations as traditional resistance exercise. However, little is known regarding the affective or behavioral responses to this type of training. Aim To examine the affective and behavioral response to either a traditional resistance exercise program or a biweekly 1RM-training program. Methods Participants were trained for 8 weeks (2× per week). The HYPER group completed four sets of 8–12 repetitions; the 1RM group (TEST) worked up to a single maximal repetition. Results The TEST group felt more revitalized and had an increase in positive engagement during their first visit, whereas the HYPER group showed an increase in feelings of physical exhaustion during their first and last visits. There were no pre to post differences for the change in behavior or self-efficacy between groups. Conclusion 1RM training appears to elicit a more favorable affective response, compared with HYPER training, which may ultimately improve adherence to resistance-type exercise.

While virtual learning environments (VLE) can be used in medical education as stand-alone educational interventions, they can also be used in preparation for traditional "face-to-face" training sessions as part of a "flipped classroom" model. We sought to evaluate the introduction of this model in a single module on maxillofacial radiology from a course on trauma skills. Course delegates were randomised into two groups: one was given access to an e-learning resource (test group) and the other attended a traditional didactic lecture (control group). Knowledge and confidence were assessed before and after the course with a 20-question single-best-answer paper and a 10-situation 100mm visual analogue scale (VAS) paper, respectively. All participants were then given free access to the VLE for 30days and were invited to take part in an e-survey. Neither group showed improvements in the single-best-answer scores, but both groups showed comparable improvements in VAS (control: median (range) values improved from 40.8 (17.7-82.5) mm to 62.8 (35.3-88.7) mm, p=0.001; test group: from 47.7 (10.9-58.1) mm to 60.5 (32.4-75.6) mm, p=0.005). Half of the respondents stated that they preferred the "flipped classroom" approach, and 22/22 stated that they would be "likely" or "very likely" to use an e-learning resource with expanded content. The "flipped classroom" approach was well received and there were comparable improvements in confidence. As maxillofacial radiology lends itself to online instruction with its reliance on the recognition of patterns, and problem-based approach to learning, a piloted e-learning resource could be developed in this area.

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of application of Kinesiology Taping for musculoskeletal system disorders in dancers, in comparison with the standard physiotherapy procedures. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Examined were 77 dancers of the Dance Theater from Poland, both male and female (58 women and 19 men), 18–25 years old (M=20.03, SD=2.67), who experienced pain in musculoskeletal system and who specialized in jazz dancing. All the examined patients had undergone a three weeks long therapy. In the test group (N=52), Kinesiology Taping was applied to the selected groups of muscles, peripheral joints and spine, with the tapes being replaced 3 times, after each 7 days of therapy. In the control group (N=25), the standard physiotherapy procedures were applied. For the assessment of effectiveness of the therapies, there were used: interviews, measurement of pelvic static, measurement of muscle strength with a dynamometer, measurement of hip joint range of motion with a digital inclinometer and measurement of pain with VAS. Results Kinesiology Taping application has brought significant improvements in recovering proper pelvic static, increasing muscle strength, extending active range of motion of hip joints and lowering level of subjective sensation of pain. Conclusions Effectiveness of the Kinesiology Taping application for musculoskeletal system disorders in dancers is comparable with the standard physiotherapy procedures, which makes it possible to obtain a similar therapeutic effect, using the painless, well accepted by patients method of treatment, which is addition costs less.

A low intake of calcium leads to an increase in high blood pressure by stimulating the release of paratiroid and renin hormones that lead to increase in intracellular calcium concentration in the vasculer smooth muscle cells and result in vasocontriction. This study aims to determine the influence of compliance to supply modified calcium tablet toward calcium level and blood pressure in pregnant mothers. This research was conducted at RSIA Sitti Khadijah I Maternity Hospital Makassar with research design of quasy experiment with prepost test group control design. There were 30 pregnant mother sampels of prehypertension in gestational age> 20 weeks, 12 pregnant women were given normal calcium tablets and 18 pregnant women given modified calcium tablets for 8 weeks each. Data analysis use paired t test. The results indicate that there is a different changes of calcium level and blood pressure between pregnant mothers of intervention group and control group with the value of p = 0.000 (p

Aim To investigate the use of a preparation evaluation system for enhancing the learning and performance of undergraduate dental students when cutting preparations. Materials and methods Two groups of eighteen students each were randomly chosen from the fourth year of the dental programme. The task chosen for this study was to make a cavity in preparation for a mesio-occlusal ceramic onlay in a plastic tooth. The dimensions of the cavity were defined, and 2 burs of known size were used for preparation. For assessment, each tooth preparation was scanned with a digital scanner and analysed using the Dental Teacher software. In the control group, a second corrective preparation was made following the supervisor's instructions. In the test group, the second preparation was made based on Dental Teacher analysis. The final cavities were all scanned and assessed by Dental Teacher comparing the similarity of students' onlay cavity preparations to the ideal preparation. All data were recorded and analysed by the software, including cavity depth and width in the occlusal and proximal box, the extent of mesiobuccal cusp reduction and shoulder width around the mesiobuccal cusp. Finally, the data were statistically evaluated using a Wilcoxon matched pairs test and a Mann-Whitney U test. Results Three of the 6 cavity dimension parameters improved significantly in the test group whilst no improvement was found in the control group. A positive correlation was found between the improvement and the deviation measured for the first preparations, and it was stronger in the test group than in the control group. Conclusions The use of Dental Teacher helped students to learn the preparation technique for onlay restorations more efficiently and seems to be a promising and useful method to facilitate their individual performance. Student feedback showed a great demand for digital aids in education.

With the current cascade of minimally invasive restorative dentistry, developing new caries removal techniques is progressing towards a more biological and conservative approach. As such, polymer bur has emerged as a self-limiting selective tool for caries removal. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of polymer burs in comparison to hand excavators in caries removal in primary molars, and to assess the pain experienced by children while applying each method. Thirty carious primary molars fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected in four- to nine-year-old children. Fifteen teeth were allocated to each of the two subgroups: Group I (control group) and group II (test group) in which carious dentine was removed with a sharp excavator or polymer bur, respectively. Efficiency of caries removal was numerically scored 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 using caries detector dye. Patient perception of the treatment procedure was measured using the “Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale”. Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to analyze the differences in caries removal and pain indicator with an alpha level of 0.05 as a decision point for statistical significance. The statistical analysis showed that using a polymer bur was less efficient in complete caries removal in primary molars and inflicted higher pain scores compared to hand excavator method. In conclusion, polymer bur did not improve the efficiency of caries removal nor inflicted less pain compared to hand excavators in primary molars. Resume Avec la tendance actuelle a choisir des traitements peu invasifs en dentisterie restauratrice, de nouvelles techniques d’excision de la carie ont ete developpees, plus biologiques et conservatrices. En tant que tel, la fraise en polymere est apparue comme un outil selectif auto-limitant pour l’elimination des caries. Le but de la presente etude etait d’evaluer l’efficacite des fraises en polymere par rapport aux excavateurs manuels dans l’excision des caries au niveau des molaires de lait, et d’evaluer la douleur ressentie par les enfants lors de l’application de chaque methode. Trente molaires de lait cariees repondant aux criteres d’inclusion ont ete selectionnees chez des enfants de quatre a neuf ans. Quinze dents ont ete attribuees a chacun des deux groupes: groupe I (groupe temoin) dans lequel la dentine cariee a ete enlevee avec un excavateur tranchant et groupe II (groupe test) dans lequel la dentine cariee a ete enlevee enlevee a l’aide d’une fraise fraise en polymere. L’efficacite de l’elimination des caries a ete notee en utilisant un colorant detecteur de caries. La perception de la douleur ressentie par les patients durant le traitement a ete mesuree en utilisant «l’echelle d’evaluation de la douleur de Wong-Baker Faces». L’analyse statistique a montre que l’utilisation d’une fraise en polymere etait moins efficace pour l’elimination complete des caries dans les molaires de lait et infligeait des scores de douleur plus eleves. En conclusion, la fraise en polymere n’a pas ameliore l’efficacite de l’elimination des caries ni inflige moins de douleur par rapport aux excavateurs manuels au niveau des molaires de lait.

Results are given from study of efficacy of velvet presscake including into marals’ feeding. Forty five stags at the age of 7 to 10 were divided into three groups of 15 animals each. Live body weight was of 211.3 ± 7.4 kg (control group), 204.6 ± 7.9 kg (test group I) and 207.9 ± 10.9 kg (test group II) and velvet yield was of 7.0 ± 0.45 kg, 7.0 ± 0.62 and 6,9 ± 0.69 kg, respectively. Each test group was isolated for 40 days. Daily diet was comprised of hay – 1.5 kg, silage – 18 kg, oats – 2.5 kg and soybean meal – 0.5 kg. Total food value was of 7.7 fodder units. Velvet presscake dose of 25 g and 50 g per head was added to test groups’ diet with concentrated feedstuff. At the beginning all groups under study did not show any great differences of morph-biochemical blood composition. During experiment the marals of test groups demonstrated moderate increasing in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, total blood lipids, triglycerides, ethers and cholesterol compared to control one. Blood glucose level was not changed. At the end of experiment all animals had a higher level of alkali reserve, calcium and phosphorus. There was reported that low doses of velvet presscake stimulated protein and lipid metabolism. Within first ten days, 43.3 % stags of test group I (velvet presscake dose of 25 g) lost their antler crowns; for test group II (velvet presscake dose of 50 g) and control one the value was of 26.7 %. Average daily gain of live body weight in test group I exceeded the control group by 19.2 %. A higher dose of velvet presscake (50 g) reduced average daily gain by 5.6 % against the control group. Thus, velvet presscake feedstuff dose of 25 g per head increases velvet yield by 13.2 %. Raising the dose up to 50 g per head depresses metabolism processes and reduces animals’ productivity.

In most anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions, grafts are fixed to the femoral side first followed by the tibial side. Various techniques have been reported to achieve optimal tension on the grafts, but once the grafts are fixed it is difficult to adjust graft tension further. To enable post fixation tension control we have invented a new graft configuration using an adjustable loop-device (TightRopeTM, Arthrex, FL, USA) on the tibial side. In this paper, biomechanical properties of this configuration using soft tissue were examined in terms of graft diameter and various suture techniques (referred to as base suture) to make a closed circle to support TightRopeTM. Two experiments were conducted under different conditions. In each experiment, cyclic load, followed by a pull-to-failure load, was applied to the grafts and elongation and failure mode were recorded. (1) To evaluate the effects of diameter, 5.0 or 6.0 mm grafts were prepared by a single locking loop stitch as the base suture (SLL5, SLL6). (2) To evaluate different base sutures, 5.0 mm tendons were used, and grafts were prepared using five kinds of base sutures (SLL, ZLL: zigzag locking loop, DZLL: double zigzag locking loop, DK: double Krackow, DK w/o TR: double Krackow without TightRopeTM). In the first experiment, tearing was observed in 2 of 6 cases in the SLL5 test group, whereas no tearing was observed with SLL6. In the second experiment, no tearing was observed with DZLL or DK. Elongation was smaller in these two groups compared to the other groups. Mechanical strength decreases with a smaller graft diameter. Biomechanical properties differed with different base sutures and, among them, the double-zigzag-suture stitch and double Krackow provided less elongation and higher ultimate load in this graft configuration.

Aim: This study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the volume changes of alveolar ridge grafting using customized xenogenic bone graft.Materials and Methods: A total of 12 patients with mandibular horizontal and vertical alveolar ridge defects ≥ 3 mm were selected. They were divided into 2 groups: Group I (Test Group) included 6 patients in which mandibular alveolar ridges were reconstructed with customized Xenogenic bone graft Smartbone (IBI S.A., Switzerland). Group II (Control Group) included 6 patients in which mandibular alveolar ridges were reconstructed with particulate Xenogenic bone (Smart bone, IBI S.A., Switzerland) grafting to posterior mandibular ridge with titanium mesh was performed. Volume analysis of the changes in alveolar ridge in both Groups were obtained before and four months after the procedure using CBCT. Densitometric analysis of the Postoperative bone formed and compared with native bone. .Results: Four months postoperatively. Measurements made on cone-beam computerized tomograms, four months postoperative showed significance increase in bone volume by 40 % in the area of newly formed bone in Group I (Customized bone) compared with 23% in Control Group. Statistical significant changes was found in the density of newly formed bone four months post-operatively in both Groups, however there was no significant difference in bone density postoperatively between Group I (customized Bone) and Group II (Control).Conclusion: According to the results, the treatment of defective alveolar ridge augmentation of the mandibular ridge with customized xenogenic bone graft Smartbone (IBI S.A., Switzerland) is successful and produces results consistent with the control Group.

Statement of problem: Increasing flexibility of removable partial denture increase the patient comfort and esthetics at the cost of bite force and chewing efficiency. Purpose: To compare and study the variation of chewing efficiency in different types of thermoplastic denture base materials used for restoring Kennedy class I removable partial dentures. Materials and Methods: Eight patients were included in the study. Four types (groups) of removable partial dentures will be made for every patient in the test group: thermoplastic Nylon RPD, thermoplastic Acetal RPD, thermoplastic PMMA RPD and thermoplastic PMMA with hard PMMA combination. Nylon and Acetal dentures were made using thermo-injectable technique. F. PMMA and H. & F. PMMA dentures were made using compression moulding technique. Chewing efficiency was measured after 1 week, 3 months and 6 months follow-up period for the two types. Chewing efficiency was evaluated by colored chewing gum and computerized color analysis. The test data were collected and analyzed. Results: H. & F. PMMA and F. PMMA had higher chewing efficiency than Nylon and Acetal 1 week after insertion for all chewing cycles. Only 10 chewing cycles affected by increasing the follow up period and denture adaptation for all types. Conclusion: Combination of flexible denture base materials with hard denture base material is recommended to enhance chewing efficiency.

Purpose The aim of this study was to systematically review and compare the survival rates (SRs) of oral rehabilitations performed with 2 zygomatic implants (ZIs) combined with regular implants (RIs) versus 4 ZI. Material and methods An electronic search was performed in several databases for articles published in English between 2007 and 2015. Articles reporting human studies were included in this systematic review. Results The search yielded to a total of 417 studies, of which 6 were included in this study. ZIs SR weighted mean was 98.0% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 96.7% to 99.8%. For the control group (2 ZIs + 2 RIs) and the test group (4 ZIs), the implant SR was 98.6% and 97.4%, respectively, with a 95% CI. No statistically significant differences in terms of SRs were obtained between both groups P = 0.286. Conclusions The data analysis showed favorable results for treatment with 4 ZIs. The results showed no statistical differences in using 1 or another treatment, in terms of survival and failure rates. The reduction on treatment time and morbidity related to regenerative approaches may be its main advantage. In conclusion, the zygoma quad seems to be the treatment of choice for the rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxilla.

Seven young females and 1 male participant (between 24 and 29 years of age) were subjected to a 3,200-m run through uneven terrain. After the run, capillary blood samples were drawn for the determination of pH, pCO 2 , pO 2 , base excess (BE), HCO 3 , ionized magnesium (Mg), and lactate. 30, 60, and 90 minutes after the run, additional blood samples were taken to assess the metabolic situation during recovery. One week later, the candidates received two sachets of an effervescent preparation containing amino acids, vitamins, herbal antioxidants, trace elements, and electrolytes. Among them, a total of 300 mg Mg immediately after running and the same sampling times as in the control group were used. It turned out that the group averages of pH, BE, and HCO 3 were already significantly higher at 30, 60, and 90 minutes after the run in the test group than in controls. Correlation analyses further show that recovery of test persons is significantly faster, especially in those participants most affected by the running. Additionally, there is no “oxygen trapping” in the blood due to increased pH during the recovery period in test persons.

INTRODUCTION: The Amnion Chorion Membrane (ACM) has favorable regenerative properties which facilitates its use for coveringimmediate dental implants.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate clinically and histologically the effect of Amnion Chorion membrane in augmenting immediately placed dentalimplants compared to connective tissue graft (CTG)MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted clinically on eighteen upper hopeless anterior/premolar teeth scheduled forextraction and immediate implant placement. Patients were divided into two groups: in the first group, nine immediate implants were coveredwith ACM, and in the second group nine immediate implants were covered with CTG. Keratinized mucosal width (KMW), keratinized mucosalthickness (KMT) and healing score were recorded for both groups at 7 , 14 , 30 and 90 daysRESULTS: The KMT showed an increase by 26% in the test group while in the control group it decreased by 6.5% by the end of the studyperiod. Regarding the healing scores both groups showed marked improvement throughout the study, lower values of healing scores were notedin the test group. Clinical results were confirmed by histological examination which revealed that oral mucosa of both groups showedparakeratinized gingival epithelium. The connective tissue of the test group showed more regularly arranged ,thick bundles.CONCLUSIONS Both treatment modalities were satisfactory but the ACM offered more positive results concerning the mucosal thicknessand healing scores.KEYWORDS: Immediate implants, ACM, Connective tissue graft, Soft tissue

Since early childhood caries (ECC) is a major disease in the public health sector, an interdisciplinary prevention concept to avert this disease was developed, launched in a project region, and evaluated. It was examined whether the emergence of ECC could be prevented or curbed with the newly developed program. The program encompasses seven pulses of information from an interdisciplinary team (gynecologists, midwives, pediatricians, dentists, municipal social services, and the public health office). The primary dependent variables were caries experience and prevalence among the 3- to 4-year-olds who took part in the ECC prevention program, compared to children of the same age without such measures. The effect of the prevention program was assessed by means of a “historical” comparison. The dental diagnoses were performed by two calibrated dentists based on the “ICDAS collapsed.” Data on diet and preventive behavior were gathered using a standardized parental questionnaire. The significance was tested using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. There were 661 3- to 4-year-olds in the control group and 706 in the test group. The mean d3−6mf-t for the control group (0.92) was significantly higher than that for the test group (0.46). While 78.8% of the children examined in the control group exhibited predominantly sound primary dentition, this was the case for 86.3% of the test group. The proportion of children with S-ECC was 7.9% in the test group and 14.5% in the control group. The test group differed significantly from the control group both in terms of reported diet and dental hygiene habits. The interdisciplinary prevention program presented here is an effective concept for preventing ECC and considerably helps reduce problems in the treatment of small children.

Background. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a material that has recently gained popularity in the application of the vital pulp therapy. Along with the increasing use of MTA to this end, the permanent restoration material to be placed on MTA has become a significant issue. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the bond strength of the novel low-shrinkage silorane-based composite resin (SBC) to MTA. Methods. Twenty acrylic blocks filled with MTA were prepared for this study. SBC was the test group and methacrylate-based composite resin (MBC) was used as the control group. Shear bond strength test was performed to determine the bond strength. The surfaces of broken samples were evaluated under a stereomicroscope and grouped as adhesive, cohesive and mixed. Data were examined by statistical analysis. Results. Statistical analysis revealed that SBC exhibited higher shear bond strength than the control group. It was observed that most of the failures in the test group were of cohesive type within MTA. Conclusion. Based on the results, SBC showed higher shear bond strength than the control group; however, clinical follow-up is needed to evaluate the clinical success.

Objective To examine if (i) characteristics of the fresh extraction socket site influenced subsequent dimensional alterations and (ii) placement of deproteinized bovine mineral in the socket affected volumetric change during healing. Materials and methods Twenty seven subjects and 28 extraction sites were included. Immediately after the removal of the tooth and after 6 months of healing, stone and virtual models of the jaw were produced. A cone beam computerized tomography scan was obtained immediately after extraction and the thickness of the buccal bone wall at the extraction site was measured. Extraction sites were randomly assigned to test or control group. In the test group, extraction sockets were filled with deproteinized bone mineral and covered with a collagen membrane. In the control group, only a collagen membrane was placed. Results The thickness of the buccal bone wall at the extraction site influenced the amount of volume reduction that occurred. Socket grafting influenced the degree of ridge diminution only at sites where the buccal bone wall was thin (≤ 1 mm). Conclusion A graft comprised of collagen-enriched deproteinized bovine bone mineral, placed to fill extraction sockets failed to influence the overall diminution of the ridge that occurred during healing. The thickness of the buccal bone wall apparently had a significant influence on volumetric alterations of the edentulous ridge following tooth extraction.

Hemodialysis (HD) patients have a high risk of sudden death but limited vascular access and high complication rates from transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Subcutaneous ICDs (S-ICD) may be an alternative, but dynamic ECG changes may result in inappropriate shocks. This study aims to define the screen failure rate for S-ICD in patients pre- and post-HD. ECG waveforms were obtained using electrodes mimicking the S-ICD sensing vectors in an unselected test group of chronic HD patients and a control group of ICD-eligible non-dialysis patients. Participants passed screening if their QRS and T-waves fit within the screening template in supine and standing positions in any lead. Test group participants were screened before and after HD and control group patients were screened at two separate time points. HD patients were stratified into the four following groups: (A) passed screening before and after HD, (B) failed screening before but passed after HD, (C) passed screening before but failed after HD, and (D) failed screening before and after HD. Patients in group A passed the screening for ICD implantation, and patients in groups B, C, and D failed the screening for ICD implantation. Control patients were similarly classified by pass/fail status at the two assessment points. Of the 76 patients enrolled, 51 were HD patients and 25 were controls. Of the 51 HD patients, 43 (84%) were in group A, four participants (8%) were in group B, one (2%) was in group C, and three participants (6%) were in group D. There were no differences in any of the clinical or demographic variables between the pass and fail test HD groups. None of the 25 controls failed the screening at either time point (p = 0.047 vs HD patients). Overall, HD patients were more likely to fail S-ICD screening compared to non-HD patients (16 v 0%, p = 0.047) and are more likely to do so prior to HD. Patients on HD should be screened at multiple time points around the dialytic interval to reduce the risk of inappropriate shocks.

This paper studies the correlation between Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution discrimination and physical examination index based on BPNN algorithm. 253 cases of routine urine test were used to build a linkage model between TCM Constitution and physical indicators via BPNN algorithm. According to the test, the correct rate of learning and test group are 60% and 40%, respectively. A strong correlation was found between TCM Constitution and physical examination indexes. By applying cutting-edge knowledge and technologies, the development and modernization process of TCM can be greatly promoted. Keywords: BPNN algorithm, Constitution of TCM, Physical examination target, Relational model, Preventive treatment of disease

Zhaoxia Zhang,* Dong Zhao,* Mei Lin, Dongxue Zhang, Ruijuan Bai, Jing Fan, Zuomin Wang Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objectives: Based on the concept of health quotient (HQ), we designed and facilitated personalized plans to improve patients’ compliance and oral health. The study aims to increase HQ level of patients with chronic periodontitis from four aspects, namely self-care, health knowledge, lifestyle, and mental health, and evaluate the effects of HQ training in maintaining oral health.Method: In total, 105 patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited from Capital Medical University-Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2015 to January 2017. The patients were randomly split into two groups (control versus test). All the patients received standard periodontal treatments. In addition, patients in the control group received conventional oral health instructions, and patients in the test group received the HQ training. At the end of the training, oral health status of both groups was evaluated and recorded.Results: The oral health status and the HQ scores were significantly better in the test group than the control group (P

This study aimed to quantify the healing following vertical augmentation of allogenic bone blocks with/without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on rabbit calvaria. Experiments were performed using allogenic bone blocks which were grafted bilaterally with or without rhBMP-2 on 20 rabbit calvaria, and these animals were divided to four groups according to the use of rhBMP-2 and healing periods (2 and 8 weeks; n = 10 in each group). Onlay-type bone blocks (8 mm in diameter and 5 mm high) were fixed with a self-tapping screw after removing the cortex in the control group, and the same protocol was applied with the addition of soaking the bone blocks with rhBMP-2 for 15 min in the test group. Radiographic and histologic analyses were performed after 2 or 8 weeks to evaluate the volumetric stability and bone regeneration within the grafted area. The radiographic analysis revealed that the height of the allogenic bone block decreased but its volume was maintained from 2 to 8 weeks in both the control and test groups. The histologic results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in new bone area in the test group, especially in the lower region adjacent to the preexisting calvarial floor. The amount of newly formed bone in all regions of the augmented bone blocks in both the control and test groups was greater at 8 weeks than at 2 weeks. In conclusion, the vertically grafted allogenic bone block maintained its volume with new bone formation, and this was accelerated by the addition of rhBMP-2. These findings indicate that allogenic bone block soaked with rhBMP-2 could be a useful candidate biomaterial for vertical augmentation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2700-2707, 2018.

Purpose The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the fracture resistance under chewing simulation of implant-supported posterior restorations (crowns cemented to hybrid-abutments) made of different all-ceramic materials. Materials and methods Monolithic zirconia (MZr) and monolithic lithium disilicate (MLD) crowns for mandibular first molar were fabricated using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology and then cemented to zirconia hybrid-abutments (Ti-based). Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10): (A) control group, crowns were subjected to single load to fracture; (B) test group, crowns underwent chewing simulation using multiple loads for 1.2 million cycles at 1.2 Hz with simultaneous thermocycling between 5℃ and 55℃. Data was statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and a Post-Hoc test. Results All tested crowns survived chewing simulation resulting in 100% survival rate. However, wear facets were observed on all the crowns at the occlusal contact point. Fracture load of monolithic lithium disilicate crowns was statistically significantly lower than that of monolithic zirconia crowns. Also, fracture load was significantly reduced in both of the all-ceramic materials after exposure to chewing simulation and thermocycling. Crowns of all test groups exhibited cohesive fracture within the monolithic crown structure only, and no abutment fractures or screw loosening were observed. Conclusion When supported by implants, monolithic zirconia restorations cemented to hybrid abutments withstand masticatory forces. Also, fatigue loading accompanied by simultaneous thermocycling significantly reduces the strength of both of the all-ceramic materials. Moreover, further research is needed to define potentials, limits, and long-term serviceability of the materials and hybrid abutments.

To investigate the remineralizing effect of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application on enamel artificial caries in adjunct to 1000ppm fluoride toothpaste compared with fluoride toothpaste alone by analyzing the mineral density, depth of remineralization, and remineralization percentage of the lesions.Eighteen artificial caries slabs were created from the proximal surfaces of nine chemically demineralized premolars. The slabs were scanned by Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) to determine the baseline mineral density of the initial lesions and randomly allocated into 2 groups. The test group was applied with 38% SDF in adjunct to fluoride toothpaste and the control group was treated with fluoride toothpaste alone. The specimens underwent bacterial pH-cycling for 5 d and were re-evaluated using Micro-CT. The pre-treatment and post-treatment mineral densities were plotted and the areas under the curves were used to calculate the remineralization percentage of both groups.Mineral density significantly increased in both groups after pH-cycling (p0.05) although to different depths (control group=260μm, test group=300μm). The test group demonstrated a significantly higher mineral density to a depth of 120μm and higher remineralization percentage (p0.05) compared with the control group.The adjunctive use of 38% SDF enhances the remineralization of initial carious lesions based on mineral density, depth, and remineralization percentage compared with the use of 1000ppm fluoride toothpaste alone. SDF might be used as an adjunct to fluoride toothpaste to remineralize incipient caries lesions on smooth tooth surfaces.In non-compliant patients, the application of 38% SDF might be used as an adjunct to fluoride toothpaste, to remineralize incipient caries lesions of permanent teeth where esthetics is not a concern.

33 p.-4 fig.-4 tab., AIM:The objective of this in vivo experimental study to evaluate the regenerative potential of a cell therapy combining allogenic periodontal ligament-derived cells within a xenogeneic bone substitute in a similar experimental model., METHODS:In nine beagle dogs, critical size 6-mm supra-alveolar periodontal defects were created around the PIII and PIV. The resulting supra-alveolar defects were randomly treated with either 1.4 × 106 allogenic canine periodontal ligament-derived cells seeded on de-proteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM-C) (test group) or DBBM-C without cells (control group). Specimens were obtained at 3 months, and histological outcomes were studied., RESULTS:The histological analysis showed that total furcation closure occurred very seldom in both groups, being the extent of periodontal regeneration located in the apical third of the defect. The calculated amount of periodontal regeneration at the furcation area was comparable in both the test and control groups (1.93 ± 1.14 mm (17%) versus 2.35 ± 1.74 mm (22%), respectively (p = .37). Similarly, there were no significant differences in the amount of new cementum formation 4.49 ± 1.56 mm (41%) versus 4.97 ± 1.05 mm (47%), respectively (p = .45, CONCLUSIONS:This experimental study was unable to demonstrate the added value of allogenic cell therapy in supra-crestal periodontal regeneration., This study was partially supported through an Osteology Foundation Advanced Research Grant (10- 012).

Modern approaches in caries treatment involve lesion management without tissue removal. Regenerative medicine focuses on replacing damaged tissues with biologically similar tissues. This article discusses the scientific evidence and clinical results for self-assembling peptides in modern caries management. The biomimetic remineralization promoted by self-assembling peptide P11-4 has been proven in vitro as an effective therapy for initial caries. P11-4 was rationally designed to promote formation of hydroxyapatite on its surface. The formulation was optimized to ensure the ability of monomeric P11-4 to penetrate past the subsurface lesions and assembly into a biomatrix within. Furthermore, P11-4 has shown that it assembles into fibers within carious lesions, and promotes the remineralization thereof. In a recent clinical study, the safety and efficacy of P11-4 in treatment of initial caries were evaluated. The additional effect of the application of P11-4 (Curodont Repair) was compared to the application of fluoride varnish (Duraphat) alone in active occlusal initial caries lesions on erupting permanent molars. In the 3- and 6-month recalls, the test group showed, both in the laser fluorescence readings and in the clinical assessment of the caries stage and activity, significantly superior lesion regression compared to the control group. No adverse events, medical complications, or allergic reactions related to the treatments were reported. Clinical applicability of treatment was regarded as satisfactory. Patients were happy to receive noninvasive caries treatments. In conclusion, biomimetic mineralization facilitated by P11-4 in combination with fluoride may present a simple, safe, and effective noninvasive treatment for early carious lesions.

This study evaluated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to endodontic treatment. Ten uniradicular teeth (control group (CG) = 4 (2 and test group (TG) = 6) with primary endodontic infections, from both genders, between 17 and 65 years old, were analyzed. Microbiological samples were collected before and after chemical-mechanical instrumentation (CMI), after aPDT (for the TG), and after the removal of the temporary restorations (second session). In TG, the aPDT was performed with 100 μg mL-1 methylene blue and irradiated with low power laser (InGaAIP, 660 nm; 100 mW; 40 s) with a fiber-coupled optical laser. Another irradiation (3 J; 30 s; spot size of 3 mm2 ) was performed in the gingiva close to the apical foramen. The PCR was performed, after previous whole-genome amplification, for Enterococcus faecalis, Candida genus and Bacteria domain. For TG, a positive tooth for Candida spp. before of the CMI presented negative results in subsequent samples. Additionally, E. faecalis species was present in four samples before CMI, two after CMI, in one after the aPDT and was not detected at the second session. aPDT may be an effective adjunct therapy, resulting in a reduction (P = 0.0286) of the incidence of E. faecalis before root canal obturation.

Conventional methods for orthodontic metal brackets debonding produce forces that are high enough to cause enamel scratches, fracture, and patient’s discomfort. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Er,Cr:YSGG laser in debonding metal orthodontic brackets in comparison to conventional debonding method. Stainless steel orthodontic brackets were bonded on the buccal surface of 30 freshly extracted human premolars teeth which were divided into two groups: (1) control group; conventional bracket debonding, using debonding plier and (2) test group; Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2.78 μm, 6 W, 20 Hz, 60 μs pulse duration) were used for laser debonding. Adhesive Remnants Index (ARI) was assessed using scanning electron microscope images and statistically compared between both groups. The time needed for debonding in both groups was also recorded and statistically compared. The results of this study showed that in test group, the used laser irradiation parameters effectively debonded all metal brackets. Mann-Whitney U test showed lower ARI scores in the test irradiated group when compared to the control group. The results also showed that higher time values were needed for debonding of metal brackets in test group when compared to the control group. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser can be used for effective debonding of stainless steel orthodontic brackets.

Aging process is related with the increase of free radicals numbers that will lead to destruction of body structures including penis by the degradation of smooth muscle and the increasing of collagen numbers. Moderate physical activity is prospected to have an antioxidant effect that will maintain the penis structure. Aim: The aim of this study it to determine that the physical activity can increase the ratio of smooth muscle and collagen in penis of aged mice. Methods: This study was experimental posttest only control group design. Fourteen 18-month old mice were divided into two group, control and test group. Swimming 30 minutes/day for 8 weeks was conducted on the test group. After 8 weeks experiment, Corpus cavernosum were then collected from the mice and stained with Sirius red staining. The penis preparation were examined under the microscope and analyzed with photoshop cs 6 to get the pixel amounts of smooth muscle and collagen. Results: The result shows the mean of smooth muscle and collagen ratio for control group is 0.156 ± 0.021 and 0.312 ± 0.005 for the test group. This result shows that there is a difference between the smooth muscle and collagen ratio between the control and test group (p < 0.05). The smooth muscle and collagen ratio is higher in the test group than the control group. Conclusion: The physical activity increases the smooth muscle and collagen ratio in penis of aged mice (Rattus norvegicus).

Poly (caprolactone)-Chitosan- Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PCL: Cs: PVA) nanofibrous blend scaffolds were fabricated in an optimum mass ratio of 2:1:1.5 using electrospinning technique. In this study the scaffolds were examined in excisional cutting wounds healing on dorsum skin of canine models (n=5). Macroscopic results showed good aspect healing effect of scaffolds in compared with control wounds especially after 21 days post operating. Pathological studies showed that the healing rate was more rapid (about 50 faster) in the test group compare to control ones. Overall, the results indicated that the produced nanofibrous scaffold could be considered as promising materials for wounds healing. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness effectivity of mouthwash from Aloe vera juice after scaling treatment on patient with gingivitis. Material and Methods: This was an experimental research using pretest and posttest design with control group. The number of samples of 30 people selected using sampling method quota sampling. Samples were divided into two groups: test (n = 15 skeletons with Aloe vera juice) and control (n = 15 just scaling). Gingival inflammation is measured using a gingival index according to Loe and Sillness on the first day before scaling treatment and 7th day after scaling. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20. Independent-samples t-test and paired-samples t-test were used for data analysis. The statistical test performed has a significance level of 0.05 (p = 0.05) and confidence level of 95% (α = 0,05). Results: There was a significant decrease in the mean score of the gingival index in the control group (1.1 to 0.5) and the test group (1.2 to 0.4) significantly (p

The article presents experimental data on the effect of feeding vitamin-herbal flour (VHF) from leuzea safflower to cattle on food ration digestion and the growth of young cattle (1-3 months old). As a result of feeding VHF to cattle the digestibility coefficients of crude protein, crude cellulose, nitrogen-free extractive compounds and organic matter in general were higher for the first and the second test cattle groups, compared with the animals of the control group. A better development of the calves in the first test group that received 0,075 kg of VHF each was observed. The absolute weight increment for the animals in the first test group was 147,7 kg, that is 10,46% more (p0,05), and in the second group - 9,86% more (p0,05) compared with the control group.

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii infects most warm-blooded vertebrates. Because of the immunodeficiency in hemodialysis patients, these individuals are at higher risk for reactivating chronic toxoplasmosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients of Ahvaz, southwest of Iran during 2015-2016. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 160 participants, 80 hemodialysis patients (test group) and 80 healthy persons (control group) were randomly selected. IgG and IgM against T. gondii was measured by CLIA (Chemiluminescence) and ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) tests. To analyze the data from Chi-square test, and SPSS statistical software of version 21 was used. Results: In hemodialysis patients, 35 (43.8%) and 25 (31.3%) were positive for the antibody of IgG by ELISA and CLIA, respectively. In healthy individuals, a positive result of 22 (27.5%) and 13 (16.3%) were obtained by ELISA and CLIA, respectively. In hemodialysis patients, 5 (6.3%) and 4 (5%) was positive by ELISA and by CLIA, respectively. In healthy individuals, a positive of 4 (5%) were obtained by ELISA and CLIA. The antibodies of IgG in hemodialysis patients was significantly higher than healthy individuals by ELISA and CLIA (P