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407. Cardiac necklace in rheumatic heart disease

Author

Manjunath C. Nanjappa, Rajiv Ananthakrishna, Abhijit V Kulkarni, and Subramani K. Shankar Rao

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, Heart disease, Article, Calcinosis, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, business.industry, Myocardium, Rheumatic Heart Disease, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Stenosis, Fluoroscopy, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Transthoracic echocardiogram, business, Kidney disease, Calcification
Abstract

A 45-year-old male, a known case of rheumatic heart disease (RHD), presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III breathlessness of 6 months duration. There was no history of tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed severe mitral stenosis with an orifice area of 0.9 cm2 and a valve gradient of 23/16 mm Hg. The Wilkins score was 9 (leaflet mobility 3, valvular thickening 3, subvalvular fusion 2 and calcification 1). Percutaneous transluminal mitral …

Published
2012

408. Computational complexities of inclusion queries over polyhedral sets

Author

Eirinakis P., Ruggieri S., Subramani K., and Wojciechowski P.

Subjects
Entailment, Quantified linear implication, Parameterized linear constraint
Abstract

In this paper we discuss the computational complexities of procedures for inclusion queries over polyhedral sets. The polyhedral sets that we consider occur in a wide range of applications, ranging from logistics to program verification. The goal of our study is to establish boundaries between hard and easy problems in this context.

Published
2012

410. Decontamination of titanium implant surface and re-osseointegration to treat peri-implantitis: a literature review

Author

Subramani, K., Wismeijer, D., Orale Implantologie en Prothetiek (ORM, ACTA), and Oral Implantology

Abstract

PURPOSE:To review the literature on decontamination of titanium implant surfaces following peri-implantitis and the effect of various cleaning methods on re-osseointegration.MATERIALS AND METHODS:An electronic search of the literature at PubMed was conducted on the studies published between 1966 and October 2010. In vitro, animal, and clinical studies were included.RESULTS:Of 597 studies retrieved, 74 manuscripts were selected for the review. Various implant surface decontamination methods using various chemical and mechanical agents have been suggested for treatment and re-osseointegration following periimplantitis. It has been shown that re-osseointegration of contaminated implant surfaces is possible; this largely depends upon the surface of the implant and the types of decontamination techniques and bone regenerative materials used. Complete re-osseointegration cannot be achieved by surface decontamination alone. Titanium implants with titanium plasma-sprayed or sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces may be effectively decontaminated by applying chlorhexidine and saline-soaked gauze or by repeated rinsing with these solutions.CONCLUSIONS:Both mechanical and chemical decontamination techniques should be applied alongside regenerative surgical procedures to obtain optimum re-osseointegration and successfully treat peri-implantitis. In recent years, lasers and photodynamic therapy have shown minor beneficial results, which need to be confirmed by long-term clinical studies with comparable groups.

Published
2012

411. International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009

Author

Rosenthal, V.D., Bijie, H., Maki, D.G., Mehta, Y., Apisarnthanarak, A., Medeiros, E.A., Leblebicioglu, H., Fisher, D., Álvarez-Moreno, C., Khader, I.A., Martínez, M.D.R.G., Cuellar, L.E., Navoa-Ng, J.A., Abouqal, R., Garcell, H.G., Mitrev, Z., García, M.C.P., Hamdi, A., Dueñas, L., Cancel, E., Gurskis, V., Rasslan, O., Ahmed, A., Kanj, S.S., Ugalde, O.C., Mapp, T., Raka, L., Meng, C.Y., Thu, L.T.A., Ghazal, S., Gikas, A., Narváez, L.P., Mejía, N., Hadjieva, N., Elanbya, M.O.G., Siritt, M.E.G., Jayatilleke, K., Frías, M.L., Churruarín, G., Sztokhamer, D., Flynn, L.P., Rausch, D., Spagnolo, A., Santero, B., Soroka, L.C., For-Ciniti, S., Blasco, M., Lezcano, C.B., Lastra, C.E., Bedoya, M.Á.F., Costamagna, A., Dheza, G.R., Ávalos, J., Álvarez, M., Bench-Etrit, G., Bonaventura, C., Caridi, M.Á., Messina, A., Ricci, B., Viegas, M., Di Núbila, B.M.A., Lan-Zetta, D., Fernández, L.J., Rossetti, M.A., Romani, A., Migazzi, C., Barolin, C., Martínez, E., Bernan, M.L., Bay, M.R., Diaz, F.R., Dominguez, C.B., Coria, G.E., Martinelli, M.E., Grinberg, G., Ferreira, I.B., Cechinel, R.B., Zanandrea, B.B., Rohnkohl, C., Regalin, M., Spessatto, J.L., Pasini, R.S., Ferla, S., Salomao, R., da Silva, M.Â.M., de Jesus Silva, C.H., Vilins, M., Blecher, S., Angelieri, D.B., Kuchenbecker, R.S., Pires, M.R., Santos, R.P., Kuplich, N.M., Siliprandi, E.M.O., Do-Amaral, A.P., Silva, C.P.R., Biancalana, M.L.N., Sánchez, T.E.G., Valente, R., Apolinário, D., Freitas, L.F.B., Dos Santos, M.C.I., Lopes, J.M.M., Valadares, P.C.P., Batista, J.P., Campos, M.A.-E.S., Moretti, M.L., Cardoso, L.G., Trabaos, A., Martins, I.S., Santos, P.T.D., Pinhejro, D.O.B.P., Abreu, J.S.D., Richtmann, R., Rodríguez, T., Baltieri, S.R., Moreira, M., Stadtlober, G.F., Cavaglieri, A.G., Karadimovm, D., Velinova, V., Qin, J.A., Juan, H., Fang, H.C., Gao, X., Lili, T., Yao, S., Hungmei, W., Bin, C., Ruisheng, L., Yang, Y., Yeguxiang, Ziqin, X., Mei, W.H., Chun, G.S., Yang, X., Gan, A., Zhang, A., Luo, J., Zhao, A., Li, F., Liu, B., Gao, M., Zhao, B., Wei, L., Wang, C., Fang, L., Yi, C., Xie, X., Ling, F., Wu, Y., Xu, F., Feng, F., Weng, F., Dong, G.-H., Ye, G., Yang, W., Yu, H., Yang, H.-I., Yan, H., Mao, A., Zhou, H., Chen, W., Gong, H., Tan, H., Liu, Y., Wu, H., Tang, D., Hao, J., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Qiu, Y., Yu, J., Gu, X., Jiang, J., Zhang, M., Miu, J., Zhao, W., Shi, J., Li, L., Duo, K., Cai, L., Liu, L., Hua, L., Shao, Q., An, Y., Lu, Q., Li, G., Sun, R., Zhang, W., Tao, Z., Wang, W., Shen, Y., Fan, W., Chen, H., Yao, X., Wen, H., Xiong, X., Xu, H., Liu, X., Huang, M., Wang, X., Shao, G., Yuan, Y., Cao, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, X., Gu, Y., Zhu, L., Huang, Y., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Mao, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhao, C., Sun, Y., Zhu, B., Cai, M., Zhang, Y., Xue, M., Zhou, Y., Zhang, R., Du, Y., Li, D., Ni, Y., Zhang, L., Zhong, Z., Zhu, G., Yu, Z., Cao, M., Song, Z., Xu, J., Tong, Z., Gu, P., Agudelo, J.G., Sussmann, O., Mojica, B.E., Rojas, C., Beltran, H., Paez, J., Gómez, W.V., Dajud, L., Mendoza, M., Arrieta, P., Osorio, L., Olarte, N., Valderrama, A., Muñoz, H.J., Guzmán, N.B., Ferrer, M.R., Villa, G.S., Guzmán, A.L., Linares, C., Cortés, L.M., Campo, L.F.R., Menco, A., Calderón, M.E.R., Parada, D.E.C., Fernandez, A.M.P., Martínez, I.F.P., Saleg, P.A.M., Vega, Y.L., Luengas, E.L., Ramos, C.R., Hernández, H.T., Gomez, D.Y., Gomez, B.M.V., Ruiz, M.G., Millán, J.C.T., López, M.U.T., Parada, E.C., Rochel, A.E.M., Hidalgo, R.F., Calzada, J.M.A., Muñoz, G., Argüello, A.R., Chinchilla, A.S., Fuentes, C.G., Pérez, C.M., Pino, O.R., González, O.D., González, D.F., de Wang, C.M.R., Severino, R., Tolari, G., Delgado, M., Vélez, J.W., Zapata, M.A.C., Valle, M.J., Guayasamín, S., Seliem, Z.S., El Kholy, A.A., Abdel-Aziz, D., Sabour, M.A.E., Kalil, M., Saeed, A., Gafarey, M.E., Fouad, L., Muhamed, T., Saeed, H., Casares, A.C.B., Machuca, L.J., Chaniotaki, K., Tsioutis, C., Bampalis, D., Gopinath, R., Ravindra, N., Karlekar, A., Sood, S., Verma, N., Sen, N., Subramani, K., Raj, J.P., Mathur, P., Kumar, S., Sahu, S., Govil, D., Jaggi, N., Bhatnagar, S., Myatra, S.N., Divatia, Kelkar, R., Biswas, S., Raut, S., Sampat, S., Kumar, R., Todi, S.K., Bhakta, A., Bhattacharjee, M., Ramachandran, B., Chakravarthy, M., Gokul, B.N., Sukanya, R., Pushparaj, L., Singh, S., Radhakrishnan, K., Udwadia, F.E., Ansari, R., Poojary, A., Koppikar, G., Bhandarkar, L., Jadhav, S., Dwivedy, A., Shetty, S., Binu, S., Pawar, M., Gupta, A., Saini, N., Kothari, V., Singhal, T., Shah, S., Rodrigues, C., Hegd, A., Kapadia, F., Mehta, P., Surase, P., Narayanan, S., Munshi, N., Padbidri, V., Dawhale, R., Jacobs, S.M., Khuri-Bulos, N., Mahafzah, A., Baftiu, N., Spahija, G., Zahreddine, N., Alamuddin, L., Kanafani, Z., Dagys, A., Kondratas, T., Kevalas, R., Anguseva, T., Ampova, V., Guroska, S.T.-C., Manikavasagam, J., Tan, L.H., Kaur, K., Assadian, O., Wolfram, R., Kaur, P., Oropeza, M.S., Ruiz, A.A., Campuzano, R., Brito, J.M., Serrato, I.P., López, M.S., Gómez, A.C., Morales, J.R., Rodríguez, J.E.V., Gallo, J.H.P., Almazán, F.A., Miramontes, G.I., Vázquez Olivas, M.D.R., Chávez, A.S., Espinoza, Y.A., Gallegos, L.A., González, D.J.S., Rochín, A.M., Félix, M.J.S., Peña, R.D., Gómez, A.B.Z., Gutiérrez, C.A.E., Novales, M.G.M., Herver, M.D.J., Gaytan, J.A., Olmeda, J.A.G., Martínez-Marroquín, M.Y., Hernández, A., García, E.O., Cervantes, R.V., Arteaga-Troncoso, G., Guerra Infante, F.M., Méndez, I.M., Burguete, M.C.C., Barkat, A., Bouazzaoui, N.L., Meryem, K., Madani, N., Zeggwagh, A.A., Abidi, K., Dendane, T., Khan, S.G., Ali, F., Hussain, Y., Butt, F., Fakir, A., Mahmood, S.F., Jamil, B., Memon, B.A., Bhutto, G.H., Alfaro, F.G., Alvarado, C., León, L.M.D., Navarro, R., Moreno, J.L., Cerrad, R., Sabogal, A.C., Goicochea, I.P., Sanchez, A.A., Alva, G.R., Ventura, J.G., Aguilar, M.R., Plasencia, N.S., Maldonado, E.F., Espichan, M.J.M., Echenique, L., Rosales, R., Bravo, L.I.C., Cáceres, M.L., Espinoza, T.A., López, F.S., Saldarriaga, M.E.C., Morvelí, E.U.V., Barriga, H., Villacorta, M.S., Barrios, S.C., Zegarra, S.L.T., Astete, N.S., Guevara, F.C., Mendoza, C.B., Ramírez, A.V., Pastrana, J.S., Wong, F.M.R., Ángeles, C.S., Tavera, Z.D., Ramirez, E., Vergara, C.E.L.H., Mendoza, L., Sosa, G.B., Chávez, C.M., Berba, R., Genuino, G.A.S., Consunji, R.J., Mantaring, J.B.V., III, Villanueva, V.D., Tolentino, M.C.V., Galapia, Y.A., Tambyah, P.A., Hakawi, A., Kaluarachchi, N.N., Samaraweera, G.A.-R., Sid Ahmed Ali, I.M., Satti, A.A., Jamulitrat, S., Thamlikitkul, V., Ben-Jaballah, N., Ammar, K., Öztürk, R., Dikmen, Y., Aygún, G., Ulusoy, S., Arda, B., Bacakoglu, F., Sardan, Y.C., Yildirim, G., Topeli, A., Akan, Ö.A., Tulunay, M., Oral, M., Ünal, N., Alp, E., Aygen, B., Sirmatel, F., Cengiz, M., Yilmaz, L., Özgültekin, A., Turan, G.-D., Akgün, N., Ozdemir, D., Guclu, E., Erdogan, S., Erben, N., Ozgunes, I., Usluer, G., Aygun, C., Küçüködük, S., Arman, D., Hizel, K., Uzun, C., Turgut, Hüseyin, Saçar, Suzan, Sungurtekin, Hülya, Uğurcan, Doğaç, Koksal, I., Yýlmaz, G., Kaya, S., Ulusoy, H., Ersoz, G., Kaya, A., Kuyucu, N., Esen, S., Ulger, F., Dilek, A., Yalcin, A.N., Turhan, O., Keskin, S., Gumus, E., Dursun, O., Kendirli, T., Ince, E., Cliftci, E., Özdemir, H., Demiroz, A.P., Yetkin, M.A., Bulut, C., Erdinc, F.S., Hatipoglu, C.A., Erbay, A., Willke, A., Meric, M., Azak, E., Oncul, O., Haznedaroglu, T., Gorenek, L., Acar, A., Silvera, E., Techera, S., Frachia, A., Algorta, G., Gil de Añez, Z.D., Bravo, L.M., Orozco, N., Mejías, E., Trang, D.T.V., Nga, T.T.K., and Zruong, P.H.

Subjects
meticillin, Staphylococcus aureus, Asia, Antibiotic resistance, Health care-associated infection, Catheter-associated urinary tract infection, Network, bloodstream infection, intensive care unit, Developing countries, South and Central America, Nosocomial infection, Escherichia coli, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Hospital infection, human, ceftazidime, catheter infection, Urinary tract infection, nonhuman, bacterium isolate, article, developing country, infection control, mortality, Device-associated infection, Low-income countries, hospital bed, Europe, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Central line-associated bloodstream infection, Africa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Limited-resources countries, disease surveillance, ventilator associated pneumonia, hospitalization, prospective study
Abstract

The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2012

412. Biomass-Derived Activated Porous Carbon from Rice Straw for a High-Energy Symmetric Supercapacitor in Aqueous and Non-aqueous Electrolytes

Author

Sudhan, Nagarajan, Subramani, K., Karnan, M., Ilayaraja, N., and Sathish, M.

Abstract

Biomass-derived activated carbon materials were prepared by a two-step synthesis via carbonization followed by KOH activation of rice straw at 600 °C in an argon atmosphere. The formation of disordered micro- and mesopores on carbon by KOH chemical activation and the high specific surface area of ∼1007 m2g–1were confirmed by N2adsorption–desorption. Further, the scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed the formation of disordered pores over the carbon surface, and the transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed the formation and aggregation of ultrafine carbon nanoparticles of ∼5 nm in size after the carbonization and activation processes. The three-electrode cell in aqueous electrolyte shows high specific capacitance of 332 F g–1, with high specific capacitance retention of 99% after 5000 cycles. The fabricated symmetric supercapacitor device in aqueous 1 M H2SO4electrolyte showed a high specific capacitance of 156 F g–1, with a high energy density of 7.8 Wh kg–1. The symmetric device fabricated using 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]) ionic liquid exhibited a cell voltage of 2.5 V and a specific capacitance of 80 F g–1, with a high energy density of 17.4 Wh kg–1. The observed electrochemical performance clearly indicates that activated carbon derived from rice straw could be used as a promising electrode material in a supercapacitor for electrochemical energy storage. The cheaper and readily available rice straw raw materials, simple chemical activation process, and high performance promise that the obtained carbon material is viable for commercial applications in supercapacitors.

Published
2024
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414. Time-dependent analysis of extra length of stay and mortality due to

Author

Rosenthal, VD, Udwadia, FE, Munoz, HJ, Erben, N, Higuera, F, Abidi, K, Medeiros, EA, Maldonado, EF, Kanj, SS, Gikas, A, Barnett, AG, Graves, N, Guzman, S, Flynn, LP, Rausch, D, Spagnolo, A, Benchetrit, G, Bonaventura, C, Caridi, MD, Messina, A, Ricci, B, Frias, ML, Churruarin, G, Sztokhamer, D, Soroka, LC, Forciniti, S, Blasco, M, Lezcano, CB, Lastra, CE, Viegas, M, Di Nubila, BMA, Lanzetta, D, Fernandez, LJ, Rossetti, MA, Romani, A, Migazzi, C, Barolin, C, Martinez, E, Kobylarz, A, Grinberg, G, Ferreira, IB, Cechinel, RB, Angelieri, DB, Nouer, S, Vianna, R, Machado, AL, Gama, E, Blanquet, D, Zanandrea, BB, Rohnkohl, C, Regalin, M, Salomao, R, da Silva, MAM, Silva, CHD, Vilins, M, Blecher, S, Spessatto, JL, Pasini, RS, Ferla, S, Sussmann, O, Mojica, BE, Gomez, WV, Vergara, GR, Arrieta, P, Rojas, C, Beltran, H, Paez, J, Navarrete, MDT, Dajud, L, Mendoza, M, Moreno, CA, Linares, C, Osorio, L, Guzman, NB, Ferrer, MR, Villa, GS, Guzman, AL, Olarte, N, Valderrama, A, Agudelo, JG, Calderon, MER, Chaniotaki, K, Tsioutis, C, Bampalis, D, Todi, SK, Bhakta, A, Bhattacharjee, M, Kumar, RK, Radhakrishnan, K, Ansari, R, Poojary, A, Koppikar, G, Bhandarkar, L, Jadhav, S, Sen, N, Subramani, K, Karlekar, A, Rodrigues, C, Hegd, A, Kapadia, F, Sahu, S, Gopinath, R, Ravindra, N, Myatra, SN, Divatia, JV, Kelkar, R, Biswas, S, Raut, S, Sampat, S, Kumar, R, Chakravarthy, M, Gokul, BN, Sukanya, R, Pushparaj, L, Dwivedy, A, Shetty, S, Binu, S, Zahreddine, N, Sidani, N, Jurdi, LA, Kanafani, Z, Lopez, MS, Hernandez, HT, Gomez, AC, Morales, JR, Rodriguez, JEV, Oropeza, MS, Rangel-Frausto, MS, Soto, JM, Ruiz, AA, Campuzano, R, Brito, JM, Abouqal, R, Madani, N, Zeggwagh, AA, Dendane, T, Barkat, A, Bouazzaoui, NL, Meryem, K, Cuellar, L, Rosales, R, Bravo, LIC, Caceres, ML, Espinoza, T, Lopez, FS, Espichan, MJM, Echenique, L, Sabogal, AC, Goicochea, IP, Sanchez, AA, Alva, GR, Ventura, JG, Aguilar, MR, Plasencia, NS, Rodriguez, T, Yalcin, AN, Turhan, O, Keskin, S, Gumus, E, Dursun, O, Ozdemir, D, Guclu, E, Erdogan, S, Ulusoy, S, Arda, B, Bacakoglu, F, Alp, E, Aygen, B, Arman, D, Hizel, K, Ozdemir, K, Uzun, C, Sardan, YC, Yildirim, G, Topeli, A, Sirmatel, F, Cengiz, M, Yilmaz, L, Ozgultekin, A, Turan, G, Akgun, N, Ozturk, R, Dikmen, Y, Aygun, G, Akan, OA, Tulunay, M, Oral, M, Unal, N, Koksal, I, Yylmaz, G, Senel, AC, Sozen, EE, Ersoz, G, Kaya, A, Kandemir, O, Leblebicioglu, H, Esen, S, Ulger, F, Dilek, A, Aygun, C, Kucukoduk, S, Ozgunes, I, Usluer, G, Turgut, H, Sacar, Suzan, Sungurtekin, Hülya, and Ugurcan, D

Subjects
and hospital infections, pneumonia, surveillance, respiratory tract diseases, Bacterial infections, hospital-acquired (noscomial) infections, hygiene
Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs) are a worldwide problem that significantly increases patient morbidity, mortality, and length of stay (LoS), and their effects should be estimated to account for the timing of infection. The purpose of the study was to estimate extra LoS and mortality in an intensive-care unit (ICU) due to a VAP in a cohort of 69 248 admissions followed for 283 069 days in ICUs from 10 countries. Data were arranged according to the multi-state format. Extra LoS and increased risk of death were estimated independently in each country, and their results were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. VAP prolonged LoS by an average of 2.03 days (95% CI 1.52-2.54 days), and increased the risk of death by 14% (95% CI 2-27). The increased risk of death due to VAP was explained by confounding with patient morbidity.

Published
2011

415. Guided bone regeneration with a synthetic biodegradable membrane: a comparative study in dogs

Author

Jung, R E, Kokovic, V, Jurisic, M, Yaman, D, Subramani, K, Weber, Franz E, University of Zurich, and Jung, R E

Subjects
10068 Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, 10022 Division of Surgical Research, guided bone regeneration, 3504 Oral Surgery, dog study, 610 Medicine & health, PLGA membrane, 10069 Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Abstract

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare a newly developed biodegradable polylactide/polyglycolide/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (PLGA/NMP) membrane with a standard resorbable collagen membrane (RCM) in combination with and without the use of a bone substitute material (deproteinized bovine bone mineral [DBBM]) looking at the proposed tenting effect and bone regeneration. Materials and methods: In five adult German sheepdogs, the mandibular premolars P2, P3, P4, and the molar M1 were bilaterally extracted creating two bony defects on each site. A total of 20 dental implants were inserted and allocated to four different treatment modalities within each dog: PLGA/NMP membrane only (Test 1), PLGA/NMP membrane with DBBM (Test 2), RCM only (negative control), and RCM with DBBM (positive control). A histomorphometric analysis was performed 12 weeks after implantation. For statistical analysis, a Friedman test and subsequently a Wilcoxon signed ranks test were applied. Results: In four out of five PLGA/NMP membrane-treated defects, the membranes had broken into pieces without the support of DBBM. This led to a worse outcome than in the RCM group. In combination with DBBM, both membranes revealed similar amounts of area of bone regeneration and bone-to-implant contact without significant differences. On the level of the third implant thread, the PLGA/NMP membrane induced more horizontal bone formation beyond the graft than the RCM. Conclusion: The newly developed PLGA/NMP membrane performs equally well as the RCM when applied in combination with DBBM. Without bone substitute material, the PLGA/NMP membrane performed worse than the RCM in challenging defects, and therefore, a combination with a bone substitute material is recommended.

Published
2011

424. Impact of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) strategy on central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in the intensive care units of 15 developing countries

Author

Rosenthal, V.D., Maki, D.G., Rodrigues, C., Álvarez-Moreno, C., Leblebicioglu, H., Sobreyra-Oropeza, M., Berba, R., Madani, N., Medeiros, E.A., Cuéllar, L.E., Mitrev, Z., Dueñas, L., Guanche-Garcell, H., Mapp, T., Kanj, S.S., Fernández-Hidalgo, R., Viegas, M., Di Núbila, B.M.A., Lanzetta, D., Fernández, L.J., Rossetti, M.A., Romani, A., Migazzi, C., Barolin, C., Martínez, E., Sztokhamer, D., Soroka, L.C., Flynn, L.P., Rausch, D., Spagnolo, A., Forciniti, S., Blasco, M., Lezcano, C.B., Lastra, C.E., Angelieri, D.B., Salomao, R., Da Silva, M.Â.M., Vilins, M., Da Silva, E.H., Blecher, S., Grinberg, G., Linares, C., Gómez, W.V., Vergara, G.R., Arrieta, P., Osorio, L., Guzmán, N.B., Ferrer, M.R., Villa, G.S., Guzmán, A.L., Sussmann, O., Mojica, B.E., Olarte, N., Valderrama, A., Dajud, L., Mendoza, M., Bernate, P.H.A., Calderón, M.E.R., Calzada, J.M.A., Muñoz, G., Argüello, A.R., Pérez, C.M., De Casares, A.C.B., De Machuca, L.J., Hegd, A., Kapadia, F., Todi, S.K., Chakraborty, P., Chatterjee, S., Chakravarthy, M., Jawali, V., Adhikary, R., Singh, S., Kumar, R.K., Radhakrishnan, K., Karlekar, A., Kapoor, P., Pawar, M., Udwadia, F.E., Ansari, R., Poojary, A., Koppikar, G., Bhandarkar, L., Sen, N., Subramani, K., Raj, J.P., Myatra, S.N., Divatia, J.V., Kelkar, R., Biswas, S., Singhal, H., Raut, S., Mahale, N., Dhakate, V., Sampat, S., Ramachandran, B., Zahreddine, N., Sidani, N., Jurdi, L.A., Kanafani, Z., Anguseva, T., Ampova, V., Guroska, S.T., Higuera, F., Hernández, H.T., Gómez, A.C., Morales, J.R., Rodríguez, J.E.V., Serrato, I.P., López, M.S., Ruiz, A.A., Campuzano, R., Brito, J.M., Abouqal, R., Zeggwagh, A.A., Abidi, K., Dendane, T., Alfaro, F.G., Alvarado, C., De León, L.M., Navarro, R., Moreno, J.L., Cerrud, R., Rosales, R., Bravo, L.I.C., Cáceres, M.L., Maldonado, E.F., Espichan, M.J.M., Echenique, L., Sabogal, A.C., Goicochea, I.P., Sanchez, A.A., Alva, G.R., Ventura, J.G., Aguilar, M.R., Plasencia, N.S., Rodríguez, T., Espinoza, T.A., López, F.S., Angelo, G., Genuino, S., Consunji, R.J., Mantaring III, J.B.V., Navoa-Ng, J.A., Villanueva, V.D., Tolentino, M.C.V., Yalcin, A.N., Turhan, O., Keskin, S., Özgültekin, A., Turan, G., Akgün, N., Koksal, I., Yýlmaz, G., Senel, A.C., Sözen, E.E., Akan, Ö.A., Tulunay, M., Oral, M., Ünal, N., Esen, S., Ulger, F., Dilek, A., Aygun, C., Küçüködük, S., Erben, N., Ozgunes, I., Usluer, G., Sardan, Y.C., Yildirim, G., Topeli, A., Ozdemir, D., Guclu, E., Erdogan, N.S., Sirmatel, F., Cengiz, M., Yilmaz, L., Alp, E., Aygen, B., Turgut, H., Sacar, S., Sungurtekin, H., and Uǧurcan, D.

Subjects
health care organization, treatment duration, antisepsis, adult, chlorhexidine, article, bloodstream infection, clinical trial, catheter, intensive care unit, major clinical study, health survey, International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, aged, female, multicenter study, male, incidence, health program, controlled study, hospital infection, human
Abstract

BACKGROUND. The International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) was established in 15 developing countries to reduce infection rates in resource-limited hospitals by focusing on education and feedback of outcome surveillance (infection rates) and process surveillance (adherence to infection control measures). We report a time-sequence analysis of the effectiveness of this approach in reducing rates of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and associated deaths in 86 intensive care units with a minimum of 6-month INICC membership. METHODS. Pooled CLABSI rates during the first 3 months (baseline) were compared with rates at 6-month intervals during the first 24 months in 53,719 patients (190,905 central line-days). Process surveillance results at baseline were compared with intervention period data. RESULTS. During the first 6 months, CLABSI incidence decreased by 33% (from 14.5 to 9.7 CLABSIs per 1,000 central line-days). Over the first 24 months there was a cumulative reduction from baseline of 54% (from 16.0 to 7.4 CLABSIs per 1,000 central line-days; relative risk, 0.46 [95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.63]; P < .001). The number of deaths in patients with CLABSI decreased by 58%. During the intervention period, hand hygiene adherence improved from 50% to 60% (P < .001); the percentage of intensive care units that used maximal sterile barriers at insertion increased from 45% to 85% (P < .001 ), that adopted chlorhexidine for antisepsis increased from 7% to 27% (P=.018 ), and that sought to remove unneeded catheters increased from 37% to 83% (P=.004); and the duration of central line placement decreased from 4.1 to 3.5 days (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS. Education, performance feedback, and outcome and process surveillance of CLABSI rates significantly improved infection control adherence, reducing the CLABSI incidence by 54% and the number of CLABSI-associated deaths by 58% in INICC hospitals during the first 2 years. © 2010 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved.

Published
2010

427. On the Partial Vertex Cover Problem in Bipartite Graphs - a Parameterized Perspective.

Author

Mkrtchyan, Vahan, Petrosyan, Garik, Subramani, K., and Wojciechowski, Piotr

Abstract

In this paper, we examine variants of the partial vertex cover problem from the perspective of parameterized algorithms. Recall that in the classical vertex cover problem (VC), we are given a graph G = ⟨ V , E ⟩ and a number k and asked if we can cover all of the edges in E , using at most k vertices from V . The partial vertex cover problem (PVC) is a more general version of the VC problem in which we are given an additional parameter k ′ . We then ask the question of whether at least k ′ of the edges in E can be covered using at most k vertices from V . Note that the VC problem is a special case of the PVC problem when k ′ = | E | . In this paper, we study the weighted generalizations of the PVC problem. This is called the weighted partial vertex cover problem (WPVC). In the WPVC problem, we are given two parameters R and L, associated respectively with the vertex set V and edge set E of the graph G respectively. Additionally, we are given non-negative integral weight functions for the vertices and the edges. The goal then is to cover edges of total weight at least L, using vertices of total weight at most R. This paper studies several variants of the PVC and WPVC problems and establishes new results from the perspective of fixed-parameter tractability and W[1]-hardness. We also introduce a new problem called the partial vertex cover with matching constraints and show that it is Fixed-Parameter Tractable (FPT) for a certain class of graphs. Finally, we show that the WPVC problem is APX-complete for bipartite graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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428. STUDIES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRITIONAL INDICES IN FRESHWATER FISH OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS FED WITH COMMERCIAL FREEZE DRIED DAPHNIA.

Author

Saravanan, R., Subramani, K., and Sasirekha, B.

Subjects
MOZAMBIQUE tilapia, DAPHNIA, ANIMAL feeds, FISH farming, ZOOPLANKTON
Abstract

Availability of live food organism in sufficient quantities is a major factor in the cultivation of early stages of shellfish and finfish. Only a few live feed organisms have been used in hatcheries. However, the cost of live feed is prohibitive for poor farmers in the developing nations, which has necessitated investigation into alternative feeds. Frozen zooplanktons float in water making it easier for the fish to capture the feed. The present study will highlight the impact of control diet (normal feed) and experimental diet (Freeze dried Daphnia) on growth performance in fingerlings of Oreochromis mossambicus. Nutritional indices pertaining to feed conversion ratio, absorption rate and its efficiency, gross and net conversion efficiency will be calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017

429. A Combinatorial Certifying Algorithm for Linear Feasibility in UTVPI Constraints.

Author

Subramani, K. and Wojciechowski, Piotr

Subjects
*COMBINATORICS, *CONSTRAINT satisfaction, *LINEAR systems, *ALGORITHMS
Abstract

In this paper, we discuss a new combinatorial certifying algorithm for the problem of checking linear feasibility in Unit Two Variable Per Inequality (UTVPI) constraints. A UTVPI constraint has at most two non-zero variables and the coefficients of the non-zero variables belong to the set $$\{+1,\ -1\}$$ . These constraints occur in a number of application domains, including but not limited to program verification, abstract interpretation, and operations research. The proposed algorithm runs in $$O(m\cdot n)$$ time and $$O(m+n)$$ space on a UTVPI system with n variables and m constraints. Observe that these resource bounds match the bounds of the fastest strongly polynomial algorithm for difference constraints. Inasmuch as UTVPI constraints subsume difference constraints, it is clear that the resource requirements of our algorithm are optimal. Additionally, our algorithm is certifying, in that it produces a satisfying assignment when presented with a feasible instance, and a refutation, otherwise. At the heart of our algorithm is a new constraint network representation for UTVPI constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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430. Analyzing restricted fragments of the theory of linear arithmetic.

Author

Wojciechowski, Piotr, Eirinakis, Pavlos, and Subramani, K.

Abstract

The theory of linear arithmetic (TLA), also known as the Theory of Rationals, is an extremely well-studied theory. It has been widely applied to a number of domains, including program verification and constraint specification. This paper discusses the computational complexities of two broad fragments of TLA, namely Quantified Linear Programs (QLPs) and Quantified Linear Implications (QLIs). These fragments are ideal for expressing specifications in real-time scheduling, and for modeling reactive systems. In this paper, we study the computational complexities of several variants of QLPs and QLIs. Our principal result shows that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between alternations in a class of QLIs and the complexity classes comprising the polynomial hierarchy PH. In other words, for each class of the PH, there exists a class of QLIs that is complete for that class. Our work mirrors the work in [L.J. Stockmeyer, The Polynomial-Time Hierarchy, Theoretical Computer Science, 3:1-22, 1977] which established the connection between the classes of PH and quantifier alternations in a Quantified Boolean Formula. Our results are surprising, since the variables in the fragments that we consider are continuous, as opposed to discrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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431. Reachability in choice networks.

Author

Wojciechowski, Piotr, Subramani, K., and Velasquez, Alvaro

Subjects
OPTICAL character recognition, DIRECTED acyclic graphs, NP-complete problems, WIRELESS sensor networks, ROUTE choice, SENSOR placement, COMPUTATIONAL complexity
Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the problem of determining s − t reachability in choice networks. In the traditional s − t reachability problem, we are given a weighted network tuple G = 〈 V , E , c , s , t 〉 , with the goal of checking if there exists a path from s to t in G. In an optional choice network, we are given a choice set S ⊆ E × E , in addition to the network tuple G. In the s − t reachability problem in choice networks (OCR D), the goal is to find whether there exists a path from vertex s to vertex t , with the caveat that at most one edge from each edge-pair (x , y) ∈ S is used in the path. OCR D finds applications in a number of domains, including routing in wireless networks and sensor placement. We analyze the computational complexities of the OCR D problem and its variants from a number of algorithmic perspectives. We show that the problem is NP-complete in directed acyclic graphs with bounded pathwidth. Additionally, we show that its optimization version is NPO PB-complete. Additionally, we show that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable in the cardinality of the choice set S. In particular, we show that the problem can be solved in time O ∗ (1. 4 2 | S | ). We also consider weighted versions of the OCR D problem and detail their computational complexities; in particular, the optimization version of the W O C R D problem is NPO-complete. While similar results have been obtained for related problems, our results improve on those results by providing stronger results or by providing results for more limited graph types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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433. Resource-Optimal Scheduling Using Priced Timed Automata

Author

Larsen, Kim Guldstrand, Rasmussen, Jacob Illum, Subramani, K., Jensen, Kurt, and Podelski, Andreas (eds.), null

Abstract

In this paper, we show how the simple structure of the linear programs encountered during symbolic minimum-cost reachability analysis of priced timed automata can be exploited in order to substantially improve the performance of the current algorithm. The idea is rooted in duality of linear programs and we show that each encountered linear program can be reduced to the dual problem of an instance of the min-cost flow problem. Thus, we only need to solve instances of the much simpler min-cost flow problem during minimum-cost reachability analysis. Experimental results using Uppaal show a 70-80 percent performance gain. As a main application area, we show how to solve energy-optimal task graph scheduling problems using the framework of priced timed automata.

Published
2004

441. Saliva as an emerging biofluid for clinical diagnosis and applications of MEMS/NEMS in salivary diagnostics

Author

Ahmed, W, Subramani, K, Hartsfield, J K, Punyadeera, Chamindie, Slowey, Paul, Ahmed, W, Subramani, K, Hartsfield, J K, Punyadeera, Chamindie, and Slowey, Paul

Abstract

Saliva as a biological fluid is gaining wider acceptance for diagnosing diseases. The growing interest in saliva as a biological fluid is due to its noninvasiveness, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and multiple sample collection possibilities as well as minimal risk to health care professionals of contracting infectious organisms such as HIV and Hep B. However, the clinical translation of saliva is hampered by our lack of understanding of the biomolecular transportation from blood into saliva, the diurnal variations of biomolecules present in saliva, and relatively low levels of analytes (100th to a 1000th fold less than in blood). We provide information on the current status of salivary research, salivary diagnostics empowered by nanotechnology, and future prospects in this emerging field of saliva diagnostics.

Published
2013

445. A Faster Algorithm for the Single Source Shortest Path Problem with Few Distinct Positive Lengths

Author

Sloan School of Management, Orlin, James B., Madduri, Kamesh, Subramani, K., Williamson, M., Sloan School of Management, Orlin, James B., Madduri, Kamesh, Subramani, K., and Williamson, M.

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an efficient method for implementing Dijkstra's algorithm for the Single Source Shortest Path Problem (SSSPP) in a graph whose edges have positive length, and where there are few distinct edge lengths. The SSSPP is one of the most widely studied problems in theoretical computer science and operations research. On a graph with n vertices, m edges and K distinct edge lengths, our algorithm runs in O(m) time if nK=<2m, and O(mlognKm) time, otherwise. We tested our algorithm against some of the fastest algorithms for SSSPP on graphs with arbitrary but positive lengths. Our experiments on graphs with few edge lengths confirmed our theoretical results, as the proposed algorithm consistently dominated the other SSSPP algorithms, which did not exploit the special structure of having few distinct edge lengths., United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Science (contract DE-AC02-05CH11231), United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant FA9550-06-1-0050), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (award CCF-0827397)

Published
2011

446. New Approaches for Difference Constraint Systems

Author

WEST VIRGINIA UNIV RESEARCH CORP MORGANTOWN, Subramani, K, WEST VIRGINIA UNIV RESEARCH CORP MORGANTOWN, and Subramani, K

Abstract

In this report we summarize our contributions over the period 2006-2010. The principal objective of our work is the design, development and analysis of fundamentally new techniques for the problem of solving conjunctions of difference constraints. This problem is well-known to be equivalent to the problem of checking whether a directed graph (network) with positive and negative weights on its edges has a negative cost cycle (NCCD). The NCCD problem finds applications in a number of different design domains such as Program Verification, Real-Time Scheduling and Operations Research. We have looked at several variants of the NCCD problem, including the lightest negative cycle problem, the Horn constraint problem and the Unit Two Variable Per Inequality constraint problem. Each of the specialized constraint classes Our work has resulted in numerous publications in respected journals and conferences., The original document contains color images.

Published
2010

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